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Saxena B, Parmar P, Chauhan H, Singh P, Datusalia AK, Vyas VK, Tripathi N, Shah J. Neuroprotective effect of taxifolin against aluminum chloride-induced dementia and pathological alterations in the brain of rats: possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:703-716. [PMID: 38465425 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2329653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) overexposure damages various organ systems, especially the nervous system. Regularly administered aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to rats causes dementia and pathophysiological alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taxifolin's neuroprotective effects against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo studies were studied. Taxifolin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM) was tested against AlCl3 (5 mM)-induced neurotoxicity in C6 and SH-SY5Y cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Additionally, neural morphology was examined by confocal microscopy. Additionally, taxifolin's mode of binding with the co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), human myeloid differentiation-2 (hMD-2) was investigated. AlCl3 (25 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was administered to rats for 14 d, and from the eighth day, taxifolin (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was given along with AlCl3. This study assessed memory impairment using the Morris water maze, plus maze, and pole tests. This study also performed measurement of oxidant (malondialdehyde [MDA] and nitrite), antioxidant (reduced glutathione), and inflammatory (myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity, TLR4 expression) parameters in rats' brain in addition to histopathology. The docking score for taxifolin with hMD-2 was found to be -4.38 kcal/mol. Taxifolin treatment reduced the neurotoxicity brought on by AlCl3 in both C6 and SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with 10 μM taxifolin restored AlCl3-induced altered cell morphology. AlCl3 administration caused memory loss, oxidative stress, inflammation (increased MPO activity and TLR4 expression), and brain atrophy. Taxifolin treatment significantly improved the AlCl3-induced memory impairment. Taxifolin treatment also mitigated the histopathological and neurochemical consequences of repeated AlCl3 administration in rats. Thus, taxifolin may protect the brain against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pragnesh Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Heena Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nagja Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Lu YC, Chiang CY, Chen SP, Hsu YW, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Kuan YH, Wu SW. Chlorpyrifos-induced suppression of the antioxidative defense system leads to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104468. [PMID: 38759849 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, widely used for pest control, is known to have various harmful effects, although its toxic effects in macrophages and the mechanisms underlying its toxicity remain unclear. The present study investigated the toxic effects of chlorypyrifos in a macrophage cell line. Here, we found that chlorpyrifos induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, chlorpyrifos induced intracellular ROS production, subsequently leading to lipid peroxidation. Chlorpyrifos reduced the activation of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Chlorpyrifos upregulated HO-1 expression and activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, as indicated by enhanced Nrf2 phosphorylation and Keap1 degradation. Chlorpyrifos exerted effects on the following in a dose-dependent manner: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS production, antioxidative enzyme activity reduction, HO-1 expression, Nrf2 phosphorylation, and Keap1 degradation. Notably, N-acetyl-L-cysteine successfully inhibited chlorpyrifos-induced intracellular ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Thus, chlorpyrifos may induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by promoting intracellular ROS production and suppressing the antioxidative defense system activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Che Lu
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wei Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhao Y, Valis M, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. HIF-1α is a "brake" in JNK-mediated activation of amyloid protein precursor and hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by T-2 toxin in BV2 cells. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:223-234. [PMID: 38319535 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins have been shown to activate multiple mechanisms that may potentially lead to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression/aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and hyperphosphorylation of tau (P-tau) is hallmark pathologies of AD. Recent advances suggest that the neurotoxic effects of mycotoxins involve c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling, which are closely linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Due to the high toxicity and broad contamination of T-2 toxin, we assessed how T-2 toxin exposure alters APP and P-tau formation in BV2 cells and determined the underlying roles of HIF-1α and JNK signaling. The findings revealed that T-2 toxin stimulated the expression of HIF-1α and hypoxic stress factors in addition to increasing the expression of APP and P-tau. Additionally, HIF-1α acted as a "brake" on the induction of APP and P-tau expression by negatively regulating these proteins. Notably, T-2 toxin activated JNK signaling, which broke this "brake" to promote the formation of APP and P-tau. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton was an essential target for T-2 toxin to exert cytotoxicity, and JNK/HIF-1α participated in this damage. Collectively, when the T-2 toxin induces the production of APP and P-tau, JNK might interfere with HIF-1α's protective function. This study will provide clues for further research on the neurotoxicity of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Wang X, Sui X, Sun Y, Cui Z, Ma N, Wang S, Yang J, Liu F, Yang W, Xiao Z, Zhu T, Luo Y, Wang Y. Potential Common Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity Induced by Organophosphorus Pesticides via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000888. [PMID: 38638206 PMCID: PMC11024795 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The Multi-Threat Medical Countermeasure (MTMC) technique is crucial for developing common biochemical signaling pathways, molecular mediators, and cellular processes. This study revealed that the Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway may be a significant contributor to the cytotoxicity induced by various organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The study demonstrated that exposure to six different types of OPPs (paraoxon, dichlorvos, fenthion, dipterex, dibrom, and dimethoate) led to significant cytotoxicity in BV2 cells, which was accompanied by increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1) and downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18), in which the order of cytotoxicity was dichlorvos > dipterex > dibrom > paraoxon > fenthion > dimethoate, based on the IC50 values of 274, 410, 551, 585, 2,158, and 1,527,566 μM, respectively. The findings suggest that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway could be a potential approach for developing broad-spectrum antitoxic drugs to combat multi-OPPs-induced toxicity. Moreover, inhibition of NLRP3 efficiently protected the cells against cytotoxicity induced by these six OPPs, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 decreased accordingly. The order of NLRP3 affinity for OPPs was dimethoate > paraoxon > dichlorvos > dibrom > (fenthion and dipterex) based on K D values of 89.8, 325, 1,460, and 2,690 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the common molecular mechanism of NLRP3-OPPs was clarified by the presence of toxicity effector groups (benzene ring, nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional group); =O, -O-, or =S (active) groups; and combination residues (Gly271, Asp272). This finding provided valuable insights into exploring the common mechanisms of multiple threats and developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent OPPs poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationInstitute of Process Equipment and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Ziqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Ning Ma
- 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Fengying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Weijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Tong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationInstitute of Process Equipment and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
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5
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Jiang H, Yu J, Yan Z, Lin Z, Lin M, Mao Y, Hong Z, Lin J, Xue X, Pan X. Pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by Taxifolin remodels articular cartilage microenvironment for the therapy of Osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110587. [PMID: 37399606 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely prevalent degenerative disease marked by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Taxifolin (TAX) is a natural antioxidant possessing various pharmacological benefits, such as combating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and serves as a potential chemopreventive agent by regulating genes through an antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent mechanism. Currently, no studies have investigated the therapeutic impact and precise mechanism of TAX on OA. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine the potential role and mechanism of TAX in reshaping the cartilage microenvironment, thereby offering a stronger theoretical foundation for pharmacologically activating the Nrf2 pathway to manage OA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The pharmacological effects of TAX were examined in chondrocytes through in vitro studies and in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) rat model for in vivo analysis. RESULTS TAX suppresses IL-1β triggered secretion of inflammatory agents, chondrocyte apoptosis, and ECM degradation, contributing to the remodeling of the cartilage microenvironment. In vivo experiment results demonstrated that TAX counteracted cartilage degeneration induced by DMM in rats. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TAX hinders OA development by reducing NF-κB activation and ROS production through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. CONCLUSION TAX reshapes the articular cartilage microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and decreasing ECM degradation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. As a result, pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by TAX holds potential clinical significance in remodeling the joint microenvironment for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongnan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghao Lin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zechao Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Varlamova EG, Uspalenko NI, Khmil NV, Shigaeva MI, Stepanov MR, Ananyan MA, Timchenko MA, Molchanov MV, Mironova GD, Turovsky EA. A Comparative Analysis of Neuroprotective Properties of Taxifolin and Its Water-Soluble Form in Ischemia of Cerebral Cortical Cells of the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11436. [PMID: 37511195 PMCID: PMC10380368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, and, as a result, insult, attacks up to 15 million people yearly in the world. In this connection, the development of effective preventive programs and methods of therapy has become one of the most urgent problems in modern angiology and pharmacology. The cytoprotective action of taxifolin (TAX) in ischemia is well known, but its limitations are also known due to its poor solubility and low capacity to pass through the hematoencephalic barrier. Molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of TAX in complex systems such as the brain remain poorly understood. It is known that the main cell types of the brain are neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, which regulate the activity of each other through neuroglial interactions. In this work, a comparative study of cytoprotective mechanisms of the effect of TAX and its new water-soluble form aqua taxifolin (aqTAX) was performed on cultured brain cells under ischemia-like conditions (oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)) followed by the reoxygenation of the culture medium. The concentration dependences of the protective effects of both taxifolin forms were determined using fluorescence microscopy, PCR analysis, and vitality tests. It was found that TAX began to effectively inhibit necrosis and the late stages of apoptosis in the concentration range of 30-100 µg/mL, with aqTAX in the range of 10-30 µg/mL. At the level of gene expression, aqTAX affected a larger number of genes than TAX; enhanced the basic and OGD/R-induced expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging proteins with a higher efficiency, as well as anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic proteins; and lowered the level of excitatory glutamate receptors. As a result, aqTAX significantly inhibited the OGD-induced increase in the Ca2+ levels in the cytosol ([Ca2+]i) in neurons and astrocytes under ischemic conditions. After a 40 min preincubation of cells with aqTAX under hypoxic conditions, these Ca2+ signals were completely inhibited, resulting in an almost complete suppression of necrotic death of cerebral cortical cells, which was not observed with the use of classical TAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Nina I Uspalenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia V Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Maria I Shigaeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria A Timchenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Maxim V Molchanov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Galina D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Egor A Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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Abdel-Naim AB, Hassanein EHM, Binmahfouz LS, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Algandaby MM, Fadladdin YAJ, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Lycopene attenuates chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115122. [PMID: 37329850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used for agricultural purposes. However, it has well-documented hepatotoxicity. Lycopene (LCP) is a plant-derived carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work was designed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective actions of LCP against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were assigned into five groups namely: Group I (Control), Group II (LCP), Group III (CPF), Group IV (CPF + LCP 5 mg/kg), and Group V (CPF + LCP 10 mg/kg). LCP offered protection as evidenced by inhibiting the rise in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by CPF. This was confirmed histologically as LCP-treated animals showed liver tissues with less proliferation of bile ducts and periductal fibrosis. LCP significantly prevented the rise in hepatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and exhaustion of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, LCP significantly prevented hepatocyte death as it ameliorated the increase in Bax and the decrease in Bcl-2 expression induced by CPF in liver tissues as determined immunohistochemically. The observed protective effects of LCP were further confirmed by a significant enhancement in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. In conclusion, LCP possesses protective effects against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity. These include antioxidation and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A J Fadladdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté University, Cedex F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231 Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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8
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Liu Y, Shi X, Tian Y, Zhai S, Liu Y, Xiong Z, Chu S. An insight into novel therapeutic potentials of taxifolin. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173855. [PMID: 37261284 PMCID: PMC10227600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin is a flavonoid compound, originally isolated from the bark of Douglas fir trees, which is often found in foods such as onions and olive oil, and is also used in commercial preparations, and has attracted the interest of nutritionists and medicinal chemists due to its broad range of health-promoting effects. It is a powerful antioxidant with excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and other pharmacological activities. This review focuses on the breakthroughs in taxifolin for the treatment of diseases from 2019 to 2022 according to various systems of the human body, such as the nervous system, immune system, and digestive system, and on the basis of this review, we summarize the problems of current research and try to suggest solutions and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobo Zhai
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengrong Xiong
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Shunli Chu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Shinozaki F, Kamei A, Shimada K, Matsuura H, Shibata T, Ikeuchi M, Yasuda K, Oroguchi T, Kishimoto N, Takashimizu S, Nishizaki Y, Abe K. Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Funct 2023; 14:3600-3612. [PMID: 36946764 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are found in most plants, have been shown to be useful for maintaining health, including enhancing brain function and alleviating stress. We aimed to investigate the effect of a single intake of taxifolin-containing foods on cognitive task performance and whole blood gene expression in healthy young adults. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which healthy young adults were administered a single dose of either a placebo or food containing taxifolin. Cognitive tests (serial 3s, serial 7s, and rapid visual information processing) to examine brain activity and visual analog scale questionnaires to analyze mental fatigue were applied. The set of tests was repeated four times. The findings showed that taxifolin intake improved calculation abilities and reduced mental fatigue. An analysis of whole blood gene expression before and after the test revealed that the expression of foreign substance removal-related genes increased following the ingestion of taxifolin and that most differentially expressed genes were enriched in granulocytes. Taxifolin intake was shown to affect the brain activity of healthy young adults and demonstrated an antifatigue effect, thereby reducing subjective fatigue. A single intake of taxifolin may enhance the removal of foreign substances by strengthening the innate immune system and suppressing the occurrence of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shinozaki
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Shimada
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | - Takeo Shibata
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeuchi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kayo Yasuda
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Keiko Abe
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Katasonov AB. [Dihydroquercetin as a systemic neuroprotector for the prevention and treatment of β-amyloid-associated brain diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:136-142. [PMID: 37490679 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a plant-derived polyphenol belonging to the group of flavonoids. In models associated with abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain (Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), DHQ demonstrates the ability to disaggregate toxic forms of β-amyloid and prevent their formation. It is believed that this phenomenon underlies the protective effect of DHQ on brain neurons. However, pharmacokinetic data doubt the central mechanism of action of DHQ because this compound does not penetrate well into the brain. A hypothesis is put forward about the systemic nature of the neuroprotective action of DHQ, since this compound has multiple biological activities at the level of the whole organism. To characterize DHQ (and similar compounds), it is proposed to introduce the term «systemic neuroprotector».
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11
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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang F. New Perspectives of Taxifolin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2097-2109. [PMID: 36740800 PMCID: PMC10556370 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230203101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by cognitive and motor dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. These diseases have become more severe over time and cannot be cured currently. Until now, most treatments for these diseases are only used to relieve the symptoms. Taxifolin (TAX), 3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone, also named dihydroquercetin, is a compound derived primarily from Douglas fir and Larix gemelini. TAX has been confirmed to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-virus, and regulation of oxidative stress effects. In the central nervous system, TAX has been demonstrated to inhibit Aβ fibril formation, protect neurons and improve cerebral blood flow, cognitive ability, and dyskinesia. At present, TAX is only applied as a health additive in clinical practice. This review aimed to summarize the application of TAX in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, preventing Aβ protein formation, maintaining dopamine levels, and thus reducing neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Das A, Baidya R, Chakraborty T, Samanta AK, Roy S. Pharmacological basis and new insights of taxifolin: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112004. [PMID: 34388527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological characteristics of phytochemicals have prompted a lot of interest in their application in disease management. Due to the high incidence of cancer related mortality and morbidity throughout the world; experiments have concentrated on identifying the anticancer potential of natural substances. Many phytochemicals such as flavonoids and their derivatives produced from food offer a variety of new anti-cancer agents which prevent the cancer progression. Taxifolin, a unique bioactive flavonoid, is a dietary component that has grabbed the interest of dietitians and medicinal chemists due to its wide range of health benefits. It is a powerful antioxidant with a well-documented effect in the prevention of several malignancies in humans. Taxifolin has shown promising inhibitory activity against inflammation, malignancies, microbial infection, oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease. Anti-cancer activity has been shown to be relatively significant than other activities investigated in vitro and in vivo with a little or no side effects to the normal healthy cells. In summary this review offers the synopsis of recent breakthroughs in the use of taxifolin as a cancer treatment, as well as mechanisms of action. However, to develop a medicine for human usage, more study on pharmacokinetic profile, profound molecular mechanisms, and drug safety criteria should be conducted utilizing well-designed randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratna Baidya
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Tania Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Akash Kumar Samanta
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.
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Fu X, Feng Y, Shao B, Zhang Y. Taxifolin Protects Dental Pulp Stem Cells under Hypoxia and Inflammation Conditions. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211034452. [PMID: 34292054 PMCID: PMC8312191 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211034452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a unique source for future clinical application in dentistry such as periodontology or endodontics. However, DPSCs are prone to apoptosis under abnormal conditions. Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid and possesses many pharmacological activities including anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of taxifolin protects DPSC under hypoxia and inflammatory conditions. Methods: DPSCs from human dental pulp tissue was purchased from Lonza (cat. no. PT-5025. Basel, Switzerland)) and identified by DPSC’s biomarkers. DPSC differentiation in vitro following the manufacturers’ instructions. ARS staining and Oil red staining verify the efficiency of differentiation in vitro after 2 weeks. The changes of various genes and proteins were identified by Q-PCR and western-blot, respectively. Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 method, while apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Results: DPSC differentiation in vitro shows that hypoxia and TNF-α synergistically inhibit the survival and osteogenesis of DPSCs. A final concentration of 10 μM Taxifolin can significantly reduce the apoptosis of DPSCs under inflammation and hypoxia conditions. Taxifolin substantially increases carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) expression but not HIF1a, and inhibitions of CA9 expression nullify the protective role of taxifolin under hypoxia and inflammatory condition. Conclusion: Taxifolin significantly increased the expression of CA9 when it inhibits DPSC apoptosis and taxifolin synergistically to protect DPSCs against apoptosis with CA9 under hypoxia and inflammatory conditions. Taxifolin can be used as a potential drug for clinical treatment of DPSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Fu
- Department of General Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yimiao Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Shao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yubei District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Bernatova I, Liskova S. Mechanisms Modified by (-)-Epicatechin and Taxifolin Relevant for the Treatment of Hypertension and Viral Infection: Knowledge from Preclinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:467. [PMID: 33809620 PMCID: PMC8002320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that certain flavonoids, flavonoid-containing plant extracts, and foods can improve human health. Experimental studies showed that flavonoids have the capacity to alter physiological processes as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with their antioxidant properties. An important function of flavonoids was determined in the cardiovascular system, namely their capacity to lower blood pressure and to improve endothelial function. (-)-Epicatechin and taxifolin are two flavonoids with notable antihypertensive effects and multiple beneficial actions in the cardiovascular system, but they also possess antiviral effects, which may be of particular importance in the ongoing pandemic situation. Thus, this review is focused on the current knowledge of (-)-epicatechin as well as (+)-taxifolin and/or (-)-taxifolin-modified biological action and underlining molecular mechanisms determined in preclinical studies, which are relevant not only to the treatment of hypertension per se but may provide additional antiviral benefits that could be relevant to the treatment of hypertensive subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Silvia Liskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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He B, Wang X, Yang C, Zhu J, Jin Y, Fu Z. The regulation of autophagy in the pesticide-induced toxicity: Angel or demon? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125138. [PMID: 31670000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have become an essential tool for pest kill, weed control and microbiome inhibition for both agricultural and domestic use. However, with the massive use, pesticides can exist in soil, air and water, and sometimes even accumulate in the human or other mammals through food chains. Lots of researches have proven that pesticides possess toxicity to mammals on endocrine, neural and immune systems. Autophagy, as a conservative intracellular process, which is activated by stress-related signals, plays a pivotal role, either "angle" or "demon", in regulation of cell fate and function. Recent evidences in researches elucidated a strong link between the autophagy and the toxicity of pesticides. In this review, we summarized the previous researches which focus on the autophagy regulation in the pesticides-induced toxicity, and hope that this work can help us to discover a potential strategy for the treatment of the disease caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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16
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Zhang Q, Zheng S, Wang S, Wang W, Xing H, Xu S. Chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress to promote apoptosis and autophagy through the regulation of miR-19a-AMPK axis in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1093-1099. [PMID: 31310849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has become a mainly pollution in water environment. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play an important part in the development of apoptosis and autophagy. However, the potential mechanism of CPF induced kidney toxicity and the roles of miRNAs are still unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism, the kidney of common carp exposed to different concentrations of CPF for 40 days was used as a research object. We found that CPF could damage the ultrastructure and function of kidney; and also caused antioxidant system disorder. CPF inhibited the mRNA level of miR-19a which improved AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, the detection of apoptosis and autophagy relative genes showed that the expressions of TSC complex subunit 2 (TSC2), light chain 3 (LC3), Dynein, tumor protein 53 (p53), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and caspase-9 were enhanced and the expressions of nechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras homolog mTORC1 binding (Rheb) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) were reduced in dose-dependent way. Taken together, we conclude that CPF causes oxidative stress and miR-19a-AMPK axis disorder, thereby promotes apoptosis and autophagy in common carp kidney. Our study will provide theoretical basis for toxicology research and environmental protection of CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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