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Luo M, Walton E, Neumann A, Thio CHL, Felix JF, van IJzendoorn MH, Pappa I, Cecil CAM. DNA methylation at birth and lateral ventricular volume in childhood: a neuroimaging epigenetics study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:77-90. [PMID: 37469193 PMCID: PMC10953396 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral ventricular volume (LVV) enlargement has been repeatedly linked to schizophrenia; yet, what biological factors shape LVV during early development remain unclear. DNA methylation (DNAm), an essential process for neurodevelopment that is altered in schizophrenia, is a key molecular system of interest. METHODS In this study, we conducted the first epigenome-wide association study of neonatal DNAm in cord blood with LVV in childhood (measured using T1-weighted brain scans at 10 years), based on data from a large population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study (N = 840). Employing both probe-level and methylation profile score (MPS) approaches, we further examined whether epigenetic modifications identified at birth in cord blood are: (a) also observed cross-sectionally in childhood using peripheral blood DNAm at age of 10 years (Generation R, N = 370) and (b) prospectively associated with LVV measured in young adulthood in an all-male sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 114). RESULTS At birth, DNAm levels at four CpGs (annotated to potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 3, KCTD3; SHH signaling and ciliogenesis regulator, SDCCAG8; glutaredoxin, GLRX) prospectively associated with childhood LVV after genome-wide correction; these genes have been implicated in brain development and psychiatric traits including schizophrenia. An MPS capturing a broader epigenetic profile of LVV - but not individual top hits - showed significant cross-sectional associations with LVV in childhood in Generation R and prospectively associated with LVV in early adulthood within ALSPAC. CONCLUSIONS This study finds suggestive evidence that DNAm at birth prospectively associates with LVV at different life stages, albeit with small effect sizes. The prediction of MPS on LVV in a childhood sample and an independent male adult sample further underscores the stability and reproducibility of DNAm as a potential marker for LVV. Future studies with larger samples and comparable time points across development are needed to further elucidate how DNAm associates with this clinically relevant brain structure and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, and what factors explain the identified DNAm profile of LVV at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannan Luo
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chris H. L. Thio
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCLUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Irene Pappa
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Clinical Child and Family StudiesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A. M. Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data SciencesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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2
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Bell TR, Beck A, Gillespie NA, Reynolds CA, Elman JA, Williams ME, Gustavson DE, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Kremen WS, Franz CE. A Traitlike Dimension of Subjective Memory Concern Over 30 Years Among Adult Male Twins. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:718-727. [PMID: 37163244 PMCID: PMC10173101 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Subjective memory concern has long been considered a state-related indicator of impending cognitive decline or dementia. The possibility that subjective memory concern may itself be a heritable trait is largely ignored, yet such an association would substantially confound its use in clinical or research settings. Objective To assess the heritability and traitlike dimensions of subjective memory concern and its clinical correlates. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal twin cohort study was conducted from 1967 to 2019 among male adults with a mean (SD) age of 37.75 (2.52) years to follow-up at mean ages of 56.15 (2.72), 61.50 (2.43), and 67.35 (2.57) years (hereafter, 38, 56, 62, and 67 years, respectively) in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. The study included a national community-dwelling sample with health, education, and lifestyle characteristics comparable to a general sample of US men in this age cohort. Participants were monozygotic and dizygotic twins randomly recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to December 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Measures included subjective memory concern at 4 time points; objective memory, depressive symptoms, and anxiety at the last 3 time points; negative emotionality (trait neuroticism) at age 56 years; polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for neuroticism, depression, and Alzheimer disease; APOE genotype; and parental history of dementia. Primary outcomes were heritability and correlations between subjective memory concern and other measures. Results The sample included 1555 male adults examined at age 38 years, 520 at age 56 years (due to late introduction of subjective memory concern questions), 1199 at age 62 years, and 1192 at age 67 years. Phenotypically, subjective memory concerns were relatively stable over time. At age 56 years, subjective memory concern had larger correlations with depressive symptoms (r, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.42), anxiety (r, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.51), and neuroticism (r, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.41) than with objective memory (r, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.13). Phenotypic results were similar at ages 62 and 67 years. A best-fitting autoregressive twin model indicated that genetic influences on subjective memory concern accumulated and persisted over time (h2 = 0.26-0.34 from age 38-67 years). At age 56 years, genetic influences for subjective memory concern were moderately correlated with genetic influences for anxiety (r, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.51), negative emotionality (r, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.57), and depressive symptoms (r, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.29) as well as objective memory (r, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.14). Similar genetic correlations were seen at ages 62 and 67 years. The neuroticism PRS was associated with subjective memory concern at age 38 years (r, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03. to 0.18) and age 67 years (r, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.16). Subjective memory concern was not associated with any Alzheimer disease risk measures. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found stable genetic influences underlying subjective memory concern dating back to age 38 years. Subjective memory concern had larger correlations with affect-related measures than with memory-related measures. Improving the utility of subjective memory concern as an indicator of impending cognitive decline and dementia may depend on isolating its statelike component from its traitlike component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Bell
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Asad Beck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - McKenna E. Williams
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - William S. Kremen
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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3
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Baxi M, Di Biase MA, Lyall AE, Cetin-Karayumak S, Seitz J, Ning L, Makris N, Rosene D, Kubicki M, Rathi Y. Quantifying Genetic and Environmental Influence on Gray Matter Microstructure Using Diffusion MRI. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6191-6205. [PMID: 32676671 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early neuroimaging work in twin studies focused on studying genetic and environmental influence on gray matter macrostructure. However, it is also important to understand how gray matter microstructure is influenced by genes and environment to facilitate future investigations of their influence in mental disorders. Advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) measures allow more accurate assessment of gray matter microstructure compared with conventional diffusion tensor measures. To understand genetic and environmental influence on gray matter, we used diffusion and structural MRI data from a large twin and sibling study (N = 840) and computed advanced dMRI measures including return to origin probability (RTOP), which is heavily weighted toward intracellular and intra-axonal restricted spaces, and mean squared displacement (MSD), more heavily weighted to diffusion in extracellular space and large cell bodies in gray matter. We show that while macrostructural features like brain volume are mainly genetically influenced, RTOP and MSD can together tap into both genetic and environmental influence on microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Baxi
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Johanna Seitz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lipeng Ning
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Douglas Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA.,Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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4
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Neuner SM, Tcw J, Goate AM. Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104976. [PMID: 32565066 PMCID: PMC7409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic and genomic technologies over the last thirty years have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several genes including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE have been shown to exhibit large effects on disease susceptibility, with the remaining risk loci having much smaller effects on AD risk. Notably, common genetic variants impacting AD are not randomly distributed across the genome. Instead, these variants are enriched within regulatory elements active in human myeloid cells, and to a lesser extent liver cells, implicating these cell and tissue types as critical to disease etiology. Integrative approaches are emerging as highly effective for identifying the specific target genes through which AD risk variants act and will likely yield important insights related to potential therapeutic targets in the coming years. In the future, additional consideration of sex- and ethnicity-specific contributions to risk as well as the contribution of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will likely be necessary to further improve our understanding of AD genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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5
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Li X, Chu SG, Shen XN, Hou XH, Xu W, Ou YN, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Genome-wide association study identifies SIAH3 locus influencing the rate of ventricular enlargement in non-demented elders. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9862-9874. [PMID: 31711042 PMCID: PMC6874439 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular enlargement occurs in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. A large genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified seven loci associated with ventricular volume. The rate of ventricular enlargement increased in the progression of disease from normal cognition to dementia. Here, we aimed to use the rate of ventricular enlargement as an endophenotype for the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases to discover more common genetic variants. We performed a GWAS of the rate of ventricular enlargement using 507 nondemented non-Hispanic white participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Linear regression model was used to identify the association of the rate of ventricular enlargement with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PLINK software. The associations of genome-wide significant SNPs with other four phenotypes were further discussed. Two SNPs (rs11620312, P = 4.04×10−8; rs79174114, P = 4.28×10−8) within SIAH3 gene in linkage disequilibrium (LD) reached genome-wide significance for association with increased rate of ventricular enlargement. Some intergenic SNPs and SNPs within NKAIN2, TBC1D2, GALNT18, ABCC1 and SRCIN1 genes were identified as potential candidates. SIAH3 rs11620312-C carriers were associated with poor cognition and brain hypometabolism longitudinally. Our findings indicated that SIAH3 gene may have potential influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu-Guang Chu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-He Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Alliey-Rodriguez N, Grey TA, Shafee R, Asif H, Lutz O, Bolo NR, Padmanabhan J, Tandon N, Klinger M, Reis K, Spring J, Coppes L, Zeng V, Hegde RR, Hoang DT, Bannai D, Nawaz U, Henson P, Liu S, Gage D, McCarroll S, Bishop JR, Hill S, Reilly JL, Lencer R, Clementz BA, Buckley P, Glahn DC, Meda SA, Narayanan B, Pearlson G, Keshavan MS, Ivleva EI, Tamminga C, Sweeney JA, Curtis D, Badner JA, Keedy S, Rapoport J, Liu C, Gershon ES. NRXN1 is associated with enlargement of the temporal horns of the lateral ventricles in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:230. [PMID: 31530798 PMCID: PMC6748921 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, and Bipolar disorders share behavioral and phenomenological traits, intermediate phenotypes, and some associated genetic loci with pleiotropic effects. Volumetric abnormalities in brain structures are among the intermediate phenotypes consistently reported associated with these disorders. In order to examine the genetic underpinnings of these structural brain modifications, we performed genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) on 60 quantitative structural brain MRI phenotypes in a sample of 777 subjects (483 cases and 294 controls pooled together). Genotyping was performed with the Illumina PsychChip microarray, followed by imputation to the 1000 genomes multiethnic reference panel. Enlargement of the Temporal Horns of Lateral Ventricles (THLV) is associated with an intronic SNP of the gene NRXN1 (rs12467877, P = 6.76E-10), which accounts for 4.5% of the variance in size. Enlarged THLV is associated with psychosis in this sample, and with reduction of the hippocampus and enlargement of the choroid plexus and caudate. Eight other suggestively significant associations (P < 5.5E-8) were identified with THLV and 5 other brain structures. Although rare deletions of NRXN1 have been previously associated with psychosis, this is the first report of a common SNP variant of NRXN1 associated with enlargement of the THLV in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA.
| | - Tamar A. Grey
- 0000 0001 2341 2786grid.116068.8Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Rebecca Shafee
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, USA ,grid.66859.34Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Huma Asif
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Olivia Lutz
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA
| | - Nicolas R. Bolo
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA
| | - Madeline Klinger
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Katherine Reis
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Jonathan Spring
- University of Chicago Laboratory for Advanced Computing, Chicago, USA
| | - Lucas Coppes
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Victor Zeng
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Rachal R. Hegde
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Dung T. Hoang
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Deepthi Bannai
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Philip Henson
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dChild Psychiatry Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Diane Gage
- grid.66859.34Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36University of Minnesota, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Scot Hill
- 0000 0004 0388 7807grid.262641.5Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, USA
| | - James L. Reilly
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1University of Muenster, Munster, Germany
| | - Brett A. Clementz
- 0000 0000 9564 9822grid.264978.6Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Peter Buckley
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale University Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, New Haven, USA
| | - Shashwath A. Meda
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale University Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, New Haven, USA
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale University Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, New Haven, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Yale University Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, New Haven, USA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA
| | - Elena I. Ivleva
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, USA
| | - John A. Sweeney
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, USA
| | - David Curtis
- 0000 0001 2171 1133grid.4868.2University College London and Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Judith A. Badner
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sarah Keedy
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Judith Rapoport
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dChild Psychiatry Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5SUNY Upstate Medical University, Binghamton, USA
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Chicago, USA ,University of Chicago, Department of Human Genetics, Chicago, USA
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7
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Absolute and relative estimates of genetic and environmental variance in brain structure volumes. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2805-2821. [PMID: 31428865 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparing estimates of the amount of genetic and environmental variance for different brain structures may elucidate differences in the genetic architecture or developmental constraints of individual brain structures. However, most studies compare estimates of relative genetic (heritability) and environmental variance in brain structure, which do not reflect differences in absolute variance between brain regions. Here we used a population sample of young adult twins and singleton siblings of twins (n = 791; M = 23 years, Queensland Twin IMaging study) to estimate the absolute genetic and environmental variance, standardised by the phenotypic mean, in the size of cortical, subcortical, and ventricular brain structures. Mean-standardised genetic variance differed widely across structures [23.5-fold range 0.52% (hippocampus) to 12.28% (lateral ventricles)], but the range of estimates within cortical, subcortical, or ventricular structures was more moderate (two to fivefold range). There was no association between mean-standardised and relative measures of genetic variance (i.e., heritability) in brain structure volumes. We found similar results in an independent sample (n = 1075, M = 29 years, Human Connectome Project). These findings open important new lines of enquiry: namely, understanding the bases of these variance patterns, and their implications regarding the genetic architecture, evolution, and development of the human brain.
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Baş O, Kayacı S, Beyza Çeliker F, Üçüncü Y, Özveren MF, Yilmaz A, Altas H, Sahin B. A comparison of lateral ventricle volume estimation on magnetic resonance and cadaveric section images using the planimetry method. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 64:264-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Genome-wide association study of 23,500 individuals identifies 7 loci associated with brain ventricular volume. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3945. [PMID: 30258056 PMCID: PMC6158214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The volume of the lateral ventricles (LV) increases with age and their abnormal enlargement is a key feature of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although lateral ventricular volume is heritable, a comprehensive investigation of its genetic determinants is lacking. In this meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 23,533 healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals from 26 population-based cohorts, we identify 7 genetic loci associated with LV volume. These loci map to chromosomes 3q28, 7p22.3, 10p12.31, 11q23.1, 12q23.3, 16q24.2, and 22q13.1 and implicate pathways related to tau pathology, S1P signaling, and cytoskeleton organization. We also report a significant genetic overlap between the thalamus and LV volumes (ρgenetic = −0.59, p-value = 3.14 × 10−6), suggesting that these brain structures may share a common biology. These genetic associations of LV volume provide insights into brain morphology. An increase in the volume of the brain lateral ventricles is a sign of normal aging, but can also be associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, Vojinovic et al. identify seven genetic loci in a GWA study for ventricular volume in 23,500 individuals and find correlation with thalamus volume.
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10
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Ranlund S, Calafato S, Thygesen JH, Lin K, Cahn W, Crespo‐Facorro B, de Zwarte SM, Díez Á, Di Forti M, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Jones R, Hall M, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Picchioni M, Prata DP, Rujescu D, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Toulopoulou T, van Haren N, van Os J, Vassos E, Walshe M, Lewis C, Murray RM, Powell J, Bramon E. A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:21-34. [PMID: 28851104 PMCID: PMC5763362 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This large multi-center study investigates the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multi-modal endophenotypes for psychosis. The sample included 4,242 individuals; 1,087 patients with psychosis, 822 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 2,333 controls. Endophenotypes included the P300 event-related potential (N = 515), lateral ventricular volume (N = 798), and the cognitive measures block design (N = 3,089), digit span (N = 1,437), and the Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Task (N = 2,406). Data were collected across 11 sites in Europe and Australia; all genotyping and genetic analyses were done at the same laboratory in the United Kingdom. We calculated polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately, and used linear regression to test whether polygenic scores influenced the endophenotypes. Results showed that higher polygenic scores for schizophrenia were associated with poorer performance on the block design task and explained 0.2% (p = 0.009) of the variance. Associations in the same direction were found for bipolar disorder scores, but this was not statistically significant at the 1% level (p = 0.02). The schizophrenia score explained 0.4% of variance in lateral ventricular volumes, the largest across all phenotypes examined, although this was not significant (p = 0.063). None of the remaining associations reached significance after correction for multiple testing (with alpha at 1%). These results indicate that common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia predict performance in spatial visualization, providing additional evidence that this measure is an endophenotype for the disorder with shared genetic risk variants. The use of endophenotypes such as this will help to characterize the effects of common genetic variation in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Ranlund
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Kuang Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- CIBERSAMCentro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud MentalMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of MedicineUniversity of Cantabria–IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Sonja M.C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Álvaro Díez
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience—Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB)Complutense University and Technical University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in NeuropsychiatryThe University of Western AustraliaPerth, Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mei‐Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusetts
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical ResearchThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Marco Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Diana P. Prata
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaPortugal
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of PsychiatryLudwig‐Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity of Halle WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Katja Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- North East London Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent UniversityMain CampusBilkent, AnkaraTurkey
- Department of PsychologyThe University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam RdHong Kong SARChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong KongThe Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary ResearchHong Kong SARChina
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical CentreEURONMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Muriel Walshe
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Cathryn Lewis
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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11
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Brouwer RM, Panizzon MS, Glahn DC, Hibar DP, Hua X, Jahanshad N, Abramovic L, de Zubicaray GI, Franz CE, Hansell NK, Hickie IB, Koenis MMG, Martin NG, Mather KA, McMahon KL, Schnack HG, Strike LT, Swagerman SC, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, Gilmore JH, Gogtay N, Kahn RS, Sachdev PS, Wright MJ, Boomsma DI, Kremen WS, Thompson PM, Hulshoff Pol HE. Genetic influences on individual differences in longitudinal changes in global and subcortical brain volumes: Results of the ENIGMA plasticity working group. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4444-4458. [PMID: 28580697 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural brain changes that occur during development and ageing are related to mental health and general cognitive functioning. Individuals differ in the extent to which their brain volumes change over time, but whether these differences can be attributed to differences in their genotypes has not been widely studied. Here we estimate heritability (h2 ) of changes in global and subcortical brain volumes in five longitudinal twin cohorts from across the world and in different stages of the lifespan (N = 861). Heritability estimates of brain changes were significant and ranged from 16% (caudate) to 42% (cerebellar gray matter) for all global and most subcortical volumes (with the exception of thalamus and pallidum). Heritability estimates of change rates were generally higher in adults than in children suggesting an increasing influence of genetic factors explaining individual differences in brain structural changes with age. In children, environmental influences in part explained individual differences in developmental changes in brain structure. Multivariate genetic modeling showed that genetic influences of change rates and baseline volume significantly overlapped for many structures. The genetic influences explaining individual differences in the change rate for cerebellum, cerebellar gray matter and lateral ventricles were independent of the genetic influences explaining differences in their baseline volumes. These results imply the existence of genetic variants that are specific for brain plasticity, rather than brain volume itself. Identifying these genes may increase our understanding of brain development and ageing and possibly have implications for diseases that are characterized by deviant developmental trajectories of brain structure. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4444-4458, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Xue Hua
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marinka M G Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne C Swagerman
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Scheffer M, Kroeff C, Steigleder BG, Klein LA, Grassi-Oliveira R, de Almeida RMM. Right frontal stroke: extra-frontal lesions, executive functioning and impulsive behaviour. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41155-016-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Fennema-Notestine C, McEvoy LK, Notestine R, Panizzon MS, Yau WYW, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Eyler LT, Neale MC, Xian H, McKenzie RE, Kremen WS. White matter disease in midlife is heritable, related to hypertension, and shares some genetic influence with systolic blood pressure. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:737-745. [PMID: 27790395 PMCID: PMC5071546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease in the brain increases with age and cardiovascular disease, emerging in midlife, and these associations may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. We examined the frequency, distribution, and heritability of abnormal white matter and its association with hypertension in 395 middle-aged male twins (61.9 ± 2.6 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging, 67% of whom were hypertensive. A multi-channel segmentation approach estimated abnormal regions within the white matter. Using multivariable regression models, we characterized the frequency distribution of abnormal white matter in midlife and investigated associations with hypertension and Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status and the impact of duration and control of hypertension. Then, using the classical twin design, we estimated abnormal white matter heritability and the extent of shared genetic overlap with blood pressure. Abnormal white matter was predominantly located in periventricular and deep parietal and frontal regions; associated with age (t = 1.9, p = 0.05) and hypertension (t = 2.9, p = 0.004), but not Apolipoprotein ε4 status; and was greater in those with uncontrolled hypertension relative to controlled (t = 3.0, p = 0.003) and normotensive (t = 4.0, p = 0.0001) groups, suggesting that abnormal white matter may reflect currently active cerebrovascular effects. Abnormal white matter was highly heritable (a2 = 0.81) and shared some genetic influences with systolic blood pressure (rA = 0.26), although there was evidence for distinct genetic contributions and unique environmental influences. Future longitudinal research will shed light on factors impacting white matter disease presentation, progression, and potential recovery.
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Key Words
- AWM, abnormal white matter
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- BMI, body mass index
- Blood pressure
- Brain
- CRP, C-Reactive protein
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HTN, hypertension
- Heritability
- Hypertension
- ICV, intracranial vault
- LDL, Low
- MRI
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- White matter
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda K. McEvoy
- Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randy Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Louis University and St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruth E. McKenzie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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Ghorbel I, Chaâbane M, Boudawara O, Kamoun NG, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Dietary unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil supplementation attenuates lung injury and DNA damage of rats co-exposed to aluminum and acrylamide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19397-19408. [PMID: 27378219 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and acrylamide (ACR) are well known as environmental pollutants inducing oxidative stress. Our study investigated the effects of these contaminants and if the hydrophilic fraction of extra virgin olive oil was able to prevent lung oxidative stress and DNA damage. Animals were divided into four groups of six each: group 1, serving as controls, received distilled water; group 2 received in drinking water aluminum chloride (50 mg/ kg body weight) and by gavage acrylamide (20 mg/kg body weight); group 3 received both aluminum and acrylamide in the same way and the same dose as group 2 and hydrophilic fraction from olive oil (OOHF) (1 ml) by gavage; group 4 received only OOHF by gavage. Exposure of rats to both aluminum and acrylamide provoked oxidative stress in lung tissue based on biochemical parameters and histopathological alterations. In fact, we have observed an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiols (NPSH), and vitamin C levels. Activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also decreased. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were noted like emphysema, vascular congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. A random DNA degradation was observed on agarose gel in the lung of AlCl3 and acrylamide (ACR)-treated rats. Co-administration of OOHF to treated rats improved biochemical parameters to near control values and lung histoarchitecture. The smear formation of genomic DNA was reduced. The hydrophilic fraction of extra virgin olive oil might provide a basis for developing a new dietary supplementation strategy in order to prevent lung tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghorbel
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR 11/ ES-70 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de la Soukra Km 3,5. BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR 11/ ES-70 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de la Soukra Km 3,5. BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Grati Kamoun
- Technology and Quality Research Unit, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, BP 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR 11/ ES-70 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de la Soukra Km 3,5. BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Jadidi M, Biat SM, Sameni HR, Safari M, Vafaei AA, Ghahari L. Mesenchymal stem cells that located in the electromagnetic fields improves rat model of Parkinson's disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:741-8. [PMID: 27635198 PMCID: PMC5010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is their ability to produce other cell types. Electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulates differentiation of MSCs into other cells. In this study, we investigated whether EMF can effect on the differentiation of MSCs into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS An EMF with a frequency of 50 Hz and two intensities of 40 and 400 µT 1hr/day was generated around the cells for a week. Afterwards, these cells were injected into the left ventricle of Parkinsonian rats. The rats survived for 2 weeks, and then sampling was performed. RESULTS The injected cells differentiated into DA neurons and sporadically settled in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Transplanted rats exhibited significant partial correction apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared to Parkinsonian rats (5.0±0.1 vs 7.57±0.08). Results demonstrated that endogenous serum and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were altered in all experimental groups. The greatest increase was in group of 400 µT EMF in comparison with Parkinsonian rats (398±15 vs. 312±11.79 pg ⁄ mg). Current study have shown that 6-Hydroxydopamine can cause severe loss of dopaminergic neurons (68±6.58), but injected MSCs that exposed to 40 and 400 µT EMF increased dopaminergic neurons in SNpc (108±2.33 & 126±3.89) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Electromagnetic fields with particular frequencies stimulate MSCs. So, these cells had anti-Parkinsonian properties in our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeed Moghadas Biat
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Laya Ghahari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, AJA Medical University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Prakash A, Dhaliwal GK, Kumar P, Majeed ABA. Brain biometals and Alzheimer's disease - boon or bane? Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:99-108. [PMID: 27044501 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1174118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the basis of disease onset and progression. A complicated array of molecular events has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. It is attributed to a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions and energy failure. There is increasing evidence suggesting that metal homeostasis is dysregulated in the pathology of AD. Biometals play an important role in the normal body functioning but AD may be mediated or triggered by disproportion of metal ions leading to changes in critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. The link is multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper (Cu) and other trace metals. Their levels in the brain are found to be elevated in AD. In other neurodegenerative disorders, Cu, zinc, aluminum and manganese are involved. This paper is a review of recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Prakash
- a 1 Faculty of Pharmacy , UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam , Selangor DarulEhsan , Malaysia.,b 2 Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , India.,c 3 Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Community of Research (CoRe), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Shah Alam , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | | | - Puneet Kumar
- b 2 Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , India
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- a 1 Faculty of Pharmacy , UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam , Selangor DarulEhsan , Malaysia.,c 3 Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Community of Research (CoRe), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) , Shah Alam , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
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17
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Ab Hamid F, Che Azemin MZ, Salam A, Aminuddin A, Mohd Daud N, Zahari I. Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:823-31. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1056375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadilah Ab Hamid
- Department of Optometry & Visual Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia,
| | - Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin
- Department of Optometry & Visual Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia,
| | - Adzura Salam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia and
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyazwani Mohd Daud
- Department of Optometry & Visual Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia,
| | - Ilyanoon Zahari
- Department of Optometry & Visual Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia,
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18
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Papenberg G, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. Aging-related magnification of genetic effects on cognitive and brain integrity. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:506-14. [PMID: 26187033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heritability studies document substantial genetic influences on cognitive performance and decline in old age. Increasing evidence shows that effects of genetic variations on cognition, brain structure, and brain function become stronger as people age. Disproportionate impairments are typically observed for older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes of different candidate genes. These data support the resource-modulation hypothesis, which states that genetic effects are magnified in persons with constrained neural resources, such as older adults. However, given that findings are not unequivocal, we discuss the need to address several factors that may resolve inconsistencies in the extant literature (gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, study populations, gene-environment correlations, and epigenetic mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Prom-Wormley E, Maes HHM, Schmitt JE, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Eyler LT, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Tsuang MT, Dale AM, Fennema-Notestine C, Kremen WS, Neale MC. Genetic and environmental contributions to the relationships between brain structure and average lifetime cigarette use. Behav Genet 2015; 45:157-70. [PMID: 25690561 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cigarette use has been consistently associated with differences in the neuroanatomy of smokers relative to nonsmokers in case-control studies. However, the etiology underlying the relationships between brain structure and cigarette use is unclear. A community-based sample of male twin pairs ages 51-59 (110 monozygotic pairs, 92 dizygotic pairs) was used to determine the extent to which there are common genetic and environmental influences between brain structure and average lifetime cigarette use. Brain structure was measured by high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging, from which subcortical volume and cortical volume, thickness and surface area were derived. Bivariate genetic models were fitted between these measures and average lifetime cigarette use measured as cigarette pack-years. Widespread, negative phenotypic correlations were detected between cigarette pack-years and several cortical as well as subcortical structures. Shared genetic and unique environmental factors contributed to the phenotypic correlations shared between cigarette pack-years and subcortical volume as well as cortical volume and surface area. Brain structures involved in many of the correlations were previously reported to play a role in specific aspects of networks of smoking-related behaviors. These results provide evidence for conducting future research on the etiology of smoking-related behaviors using measures of brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Prom-Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
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20
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Shi J, Stonnington CM, Thompson PM, Chen K, Gutman B, Reschke C, Baxter LC, Reiman EM, Caselli RJ, Wang Y. Studying ventricular abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment with hyperbolic Ricci flow and tensor-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2015; 104:1-20. [PMID: 25285374 PMCID: PMC4252650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia and people with MCI are at high risk of progression to dementia. MCI is attracting increasing attention, as it offers an opportunity to target the disease process during an early symptomatic stage. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures have been the mainstay of Alzheimer's disease (AD) imaging research, however, ventricular morphometry analysis remains challenging because of its complicated topological structure. Here we describe a novel ventricular morphometry system based on the hyperbolic Ricci flow method and tensor-based morphometry (TBM) statistics. Unlike prior ventricular surface parameterization methods, hyperbolic conformal parameterization is angle-preserving and does not have any singularities. Our system generates a one-to-one diffeomorphic mapping between ventricular surfaces with consistent boundary matching conditions. The TBM statistics encode a great deal of surface deformation information that could be inaccessible or overlooked by other methods. We applied our system to the baseline MRI scans of a set of MCI subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI: 71 MCI converters vs. 62 MCI stable). Although the combined ventricular area and volume features did not differ between the two groups, our fine-grained surface analysis revealed significant differences in the ventricular regions close to the temporal lobe and posterior cingulate, structures that are affected early in AD. Significant correlations were also detected between ventricular morphometry, neuropsychological measures, and a previously described imaging index based on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans. This novel ventricular morphometry method may offer a new and more sensitive approach to study preclinical and early symptomatic stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Boris Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cole Reschke
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leslie C Baxter
- Human Brain Imaging Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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21
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Association between NME8 locus polymorphism and cognitive decline, cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114777. [PMID: 25486118 PMCID: PMC4259473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a large meta-analysis of five genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified a novel locus (rs2718058) adjacent to NME8 that played a preventive role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this link between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2718058 and the pathology of AD have not been mentioned yet. Therefore, this study assessed the strength of association between the NME8 rs2718058 genotypes and AD-related measures including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta, tau, P-tau concentrations, neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance, in a large cohort from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. We used information of a total of 719 individuals, including 211 normal cognition (NC), 346 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 162 AD. Although we didn't observe a positive relationship between rs2718058 and AD, it was significantly associated with several AD related endophenotypes. Among the normal cognitively normal participants, the minor allele G carriers showed significantly associated with higher CDRSB score than A allele carriers (P = 0.021). Occipital gyrus atrophy were significantly associated with NME8 genotype status (P = 0.002), with A allele carriers has more atrophy than the minor allele G carriers in AD patients; lateral ventricle (both right and left) cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) were significantly associated with NME8 genotype (P<0.05), with GA genotype had higher metabolism than GG and AA genotypes in MCI group; the atrophic right hippocampus in 18 months is significantly different between the three group, with GG and AA genotypes had more hippocampus atrophy than GA genotypes in the whole group. Together, our results are consistent with the direction of previous research, suggesting that NME8 rs2718058 appears to play a role in lowering the brain neurodegeneration.
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22
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Bouasla I, Bouasla A, Boumendjel A, Messarah M, Abdennour C, Boulakoud MS, El Feki A. Nigella sativa oil reduces aluminium chloride-induced oxidative injury in liver and erythrocytes of rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:252-61. [PMID: 25164035 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) supplementation against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative damage in liver and erythrocytes of rats. Simultaneously, a preliminary phytochemical study was affected in order to characterize the bioactive components containing in the NSO using chemical assays. The antioxidant capacities of NSO were evaluated by DPPH assay. The results showed that NSO was found to contain large amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into two groups, in which group A received standard diet, whereas group B treated daily with an oral gavage dose of 2 ml NSO/kg body weight. After 5 weeks pretreatment, both groups were divided again into two subgroups (A and B) of six animals each and treated for other 3 weeks. Therefore, subgroup A1 was served as a control which received standard diet, but subgroup A2 received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw mixed with food). Subgroup B1 received both AlCl3 and NSO; however, subgroup B2 received NSO only. Results showed that AlCl3 exhibited an increase in white blood cell counts and a marked decrease in erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin content. Plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin concentration were higher in AlCl3 group than those of the control, while albumin and total protein concentration were significantly lower. Compared to the control, a significant raise of hepatic and erythrocyte malondialdehyde level associated with a decrease in reduced glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, activities of AlCl3 treated rats. However, the administration of NSO alone or combined with AlCl3 has improved the status of all parameters studied. It can be concluded that AlCl3 has induced the oxidative stress, altered the biochemical parameters and the hepatic histological profile, but the supplementation of NSO has alleviated such toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihcene Bouasla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
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23
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Singla N, Dhawan DK. Zinc modulates aluminium-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury in rat brain. Metallomics 2014; 6:1941-50. [PMID: 25141099 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of metal homeostasis has been perceived as one of the key factors in the progression of neurodegeneration. Aluminium (Al) has been considered as a major risk factor, which is linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, whereas zinc (Zn) has been reported as a vital dietary element, which regulates a number of physiological processes in central nervous system. The present study was conducted to explore the protective potential of zinc, if any, in ameliorating neurotoxicity induced by aluminium. Male Sprague Dawley rats received either aluminium chloride (AlCl3) orally (100 mg kg(-1) b.wt. per day), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) at a dose level of 227 mg L(-1) in drinking water or combined treatment of aluminium and zinc for 8 weeks. Aluminium treatment significantly elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, which however were decreased following Zn co-treatment of Al-treated rats. In contrast, Al treatment decreased the activities of glutathione-S-transferase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione and total glutathione, but co-administration of Zn to Al-treated animals increased these levels. Furthermore, Al treatment caused a significant increase in the levels of Fe and Mn as well as of Al but decreased the Zn and metallothionein levels. In the Zn-supplemented animals, the levels of Al, Fe, Mn were found to be significantly decreased, whereas the levels of metallothionein as well as Zn were increased. Moreover, histopathological alterations such as vacuolization and loss of Purkinje cells were also evident following Al treatment, which showed improvement upon Zn supplementation. Therefore, zinc has the potential to alleviate aluminium-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Mortazavi MM, Adeeb N, Griessenauer CJ, Sheikh H, Shahidi S, Tubbs RI, Tubbs RS. The ventricular system of the brain: a comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, histology, embryology, and surgical considerations. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:19-35. [PMID: 24240520 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cerebral ventricles have been recognized since ancient medical history. Their true function started to be realized more than a thousand years later. Their anatomy and function are extremely important in the neurosurgical panorama. METHODS The literature was searched for articles and textbooks of different topics related to the history, anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology and surgical considerations of the brain ventricles. CONCLUSION Herein, we summarize the literature about the cerebral ventricular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mortazavi
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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25
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Batouli SAH, Sachdev PS, Wen W, Wright MJ, Ames D, Trollor JN. Heritability of brain volumes in older adults: the Older Australian Twins Study. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:937.e5-18. [PMID: 24231518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to brain structure change throughout the lifespan. Brain structures have been reported to be highly heritable in middle-aged individuals and younger; however, the influence of genes on brain structure is less studied in older adults. We performed a magnetic resonance imaging study of 236 older twins, with a mean age of 71.4 ± 5.7 years, to examine the heritability of 53 brain global and lobar volumetric measures. Total brain volume (63%) and other volumetric measures were moderately to highly heritable in late life, and these genetic influences tended to decrease with age, suggesting a greater influence of environmental factors as age advanced. Genetic influences were higher in men and on the left hemisphere compared with the right. In multivariate models, common genetic factors were observed for global and lobar total and gray matter volumes. This study examined the genetic contribution to 53 brain global and lobar volumetric measures in older twins for the first time, and the influence of age, sex, and laterality on these genetic contributions, which are useful information for a better understanding of the process of brain aging and helping individuals to have a healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wei Wen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Ames
- Director, National Ageing Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Australia; Professor of Ageing and health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Head, Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Kremen WS, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler LT, Panizzon MS, Chen CH, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Thompson WK, Dale AM. Genetics of brain structure: contributions from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:751-61. [PMID: 24132907 PMCID: PMC4754776 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders requires an understanding of the genetics of brain structure and function. The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) is a longitudinal behavioral genetic study focused on cognitive and brain aging. Here, we describe basic science work carried out within the VETSA MRI study that provides meaningful contributions toward the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. VETSA produced the first comprehensive assessment of the heritability of cortical and subcortical brain structure sizes, all within the same individuals. We showed that neocortical thickness and surface area are largely genetically distinct. With continuous neocortical thickness maps, we demonstrated regional specificity of genetic influences, and that genetic factors did not conform to traditional regions of interest (ROIs). However, there was some evidence for different genetic factors accounting for different types of cortex, and for genetic relationships across cortical regions corresponding to anatomical and functional connectivity and brain maturation patterns. With continuous neocortical surface area maps, we confirmed the anterior-posterior gradient of genetic influences on cortical area patterning demonstrated in animal models. Finally, we used twin methods to create the first map of cortical ROIs based entirely on genetically informative data. We conclude that these genetically based cortical phenotypes may be more appropriate for genetic studies than traditional ROIs based on structure or function. Our results also suggest that cortical volume-the product of thickness and surface area-is a problematic phenotype for genetic studies because two independent sets of genes may be obscured. Examples supporting the validity of these conclusions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California,Correspondence to: William S. Kremen, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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27
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Bryant C, Giovanello KS, Ibrahim JG, Chang J, Shen D, Peterson BS, Zhu H. Mapping the genetic variation of regional brain volumes as explained by all common SNPs from the ADNI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71723. [PMID: 24015190 PMCID: PMC3756017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically twin studies are used to investigate the aggregate effects of genetic and environmental influences on brain phenotypic measures. Although some phenotypic measures are highly heritable in twin studies, SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for only a small fraction of the heritability of these measures. We mapped the genetic variation (the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by variation among SNPs) of volumes of pre-defined regions across the whole brain, as explained by 512,905 SNPs genotyped on 747 adult participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We found that 85% of the variance of intracranial volume (ICV) (p = 0.04) was explained by considering all SNPs simultaneously, and after adjusting for ICV, total grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes had genetic variation estimates near zero (p = 0.5). We found varying estimates of genetic variation across 93 non-overlapping regions, with asymmetry in estimates between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Several regions reported in previous studies to be related to Alzheimer's disease progression were estimated to have a large proportion of volumetric variance explained by the SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bryant
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Giovanello
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Ingre C, Pinto S, Birve A, Press R, Danielsson O, de Carvalho M, Guđmundsson G, Andersen PM. No association between VAPB mutations and familial or sporadic ALS in Sweden, Portugal and Iceland. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 14:620-7. [PMID: 23971766 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2013.822515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Linkage analysis in Brazilian families with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) revealed that a missense mutation p.Pro56Ser in a conserved gene VAMP-associated protein type B and C (VAPB) cosegregates with disease. Blood samples were studied from 973 Swedish, 126 Portuguese and 19 Icelandic ALS patients, and from 644 control subjects. We identified five VAPB mutations, two of which are novel, in 14 Swedish ALS patients and in nine control individuals from Sweden and Portugal. The 14 patients with VAPB mutations all carried a diagnosis of sporadic ALS. Mutations were also found in healthy adult relatives. The p.Asp130Glu VAPB mutation was also found in two patients from an Icelandic ALS family, but the mutation did not cosegregate with disease. All patients were instead found to be heterozygous for a p.Gly93Ser SOD1 mutation. There were no clinical differences between them, suggesting that the p.Asp130Glu VAPB mutation is unrelated to the disease process. In conclusion, the VAPB mutations were as frequent in control individuals as in patients. This observation, in combination with the finding of several healthy relatives carrying the VAPB mutations and no ancestors with ALS disease, suggests that it is unlikely that these VAPB mutations are pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ingre
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University , Umeå
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29
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Jeong HS, Lee S, Yoon S, Jung JJ, Cho HB, Kim BN, Ma J, Ko E, Im JJ, Ban S, Renshaw PF, Lyoo IK. Morphometric abnormalities of the lateral ventricles in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 131:222-9. [PMID: 23769159 PMCID: PMC5510466 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of morphometric abnormalities of the lateral ventricles, which can reflect focal or diffuse atrophic changes of nearby brain structures, is not well characterized in methamphetamine dependence. The current study was aimed to examine the size and shape alterations of the lateral ventricles in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. METHODS High-resolution brain structural images were obtained from 37 methamphetamine-dependent subjects and 25 demographically matched healthy individuals. Using a combined volumetric and surface-based morphometric approach, the structural variability of the lateral ventricles, with respect to extent and location, was examined. RESULTS Methamphetamine-dependent subjects had an enlarged right lateral ventricle compared with healthy individuals. Morphometric analysis revealed a region-specific pattern of lateral ventricular expansion associated with methamphetamine dependence, which was mainly distributed in the areas adjacent to the ventral striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of shape decomposition in the lateral ventricles may have relevance to the structural vulnerability of the prefrontal-ventral striatal-thalamic circuit to methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok S. Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Sunho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–701, South Korea,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jiyoung J. Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Han Byul Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Binna N. Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Eun Ko
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, South Korea
| | - Soonhyun Ban
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha University Graduate School, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120–750, South Korea
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute & College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120–750, South Korea,Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 3277 3045; fax: +82 2 3277 3044. (I.K. Lyoo)
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30
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Czell D, Andersen PM, Neuwirth C, Morita M, Weber M. Progressive aphasia as the presenting symptom in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a novel mutation in the OPTN gene. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 14:138-40. [PMID: 23282279 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2012.756525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Czell
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.
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Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Barch DM, Franz CE, Grant MD, Toomey R, Lyons MJ. Genetic architecture of context processing in late middle age: more than one underlying mechanism. Psychol Aging 2011; 26:852-63. [PMID: 21875218 DOI: 10.1037/a0025098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies comparing young and older adults suggest a deficit in processing context information as a key mechanism underlying cognitive aging. However, the genetic architecture of context processing has not been examined. Consistent with previous results, we found evidence of functionally dissociable components of context processing accuracy in 1127 late middle-aged twins ages 51-60. One component emphasizes use of context cues to prepare responses (proactive cognitive control), and the other emphasizes adjustment of responses after probes are presented (reactive control). Approximately one-quarter of the variance in each component was accounted for by genes. Multivariate twin analysis indicated that genetic factors underlying two important components of context processing were independent of one another, thus implicating more than one underlying mechanism. Slower reaction time (RT) on noncontext processing trials was positively correlated with errors on the strongly proactive control component on which young adults outperform older adults, but RT was negatively correlated with errors on the strongly reactive control component on which older adults perform better. Although this RT measure was uncorrelated with chronological age in our age-homogeneous sample, slower RT was associated with performance patterns that were more like older adults. However, this did not generalize to other processing speed measures. Genetic correlations, which reflect shared genetic variance, paralleled the phenotypic correlations. There was also a positive genetic correlation between general cognitive ability and accuracy on the proactive control component, but there were still mostly distinct genetic influences underlying these measures. In contrast, the reactive control component was unrelated to general cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, USA.
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Braskie MN, Ringman JM, Thompson PM. Neuroimaging measures as endophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:490140. [PMID: 21547229 PMCID: PMC3087508 DOI: 10.4061/2011/490140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is moderately to highly heritable. Apolipoprotein E allele ε4 (APOE4) has been replicated consistently as an AD risk factor over many studies, and recently confirmed variants in other genes such as CLU, CR1, and PICALM each increase the lifetime risk of AD. However, much of the heritability of AD remains unexplained. AD is a complex disease that is diagnosed largely through neuropsychological testing, though neuroimaging measures may be more sensitive for detecting the incipient disease stages. Difficulties in early diagnosis and variable environmental contributions to the disease can obscure genetic relationships in traditional case-control genetic studies. Neuroimaging measures may be used as endophenotypes for AD, offering a reliable, objective tool to search for possible genetic risk factors. Imaging measures might also clarify the specific mechanisms by which proposed risk factors influence the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Braskie
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Suite 225, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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