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Cao Z, Kong F, Ding J, Chen C, He F, Deng W. Promoting Alzheimer's disease research and therapy with stem cell technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38715083 PMCID: PMC11077895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia leading to memory loss, reduced cognitive and linguistic abilities, and decreased self-care. Current AD treatments aim to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression, but a cure is elusive due to limited understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. MAIN CONTENT Stem cell technology has the potential to revolutionize AD research. With the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, stem cells are valuable tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. Recent advances have broadened our understanding beyond the deposition of amyloidβ (Aβ) or tau proteins in AD to encompass risk genes, immune system disorders, and neuron-glia mis-communication, relying heavily on stem cell-derived disease models. These stem cell-based models (e.g., organoids and microfluidic chips) simulate in vivo pathological processes with extraordinary spatial and temporal resolution. Stem cell technologies have the potential to alleviate AD pathology through various pathways, including immunomodulation, replacement of damaged neurons, and neurotrophic support. In recent years, transplantation of glial cells like oligodendrocytes and the infusion of exosomes have become hot research topics. CONCLUSION Although stem cell-based models and therapies for AD face several challenges, such as extended culture time and low differentiation efficiency, they still show considerable potential for AD treatment and are likely to become preferred tools for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Fumei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Miśków W, Antosz K, Batko J, Kurpas D, Leszek J. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy as the Course of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4639. [PMID: 38731858 PMCID: PMC11083609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial investigates chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) as a course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CTE is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is the result of repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many epidemiological studies show that experiencing a TBI in early or middle life is associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a series of similar neuropathological features that were investigated in this work like recombinant tau into filaments or the accumulation and aggregation of Aβ protein. However, these two conditions differ from each other in brain-blood barrier damage. The purpose of this review was to evaluate information about CTE and AD from various articles, focusing especially on new therapeutic possibilities for the improvement in cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pszczołowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Weronika Miśków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Joanna Batko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Kazimierza Bartla 5, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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Bruno A, Milillo C, Anaclerio F, Buccolini C, Dell’Elice A, Angilletta I, Gatta M, Ballerini P, Antonucci I. Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Challenging Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:976. [PMID: 38256050 PMCID: PMC10815412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has been considered a promising option for treating numerous disorders, in particular, neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells exert neuroprotective and neurodegenerative benefits through different mechanisms, such as the secretion of neurotrophic factors, cell replacement, the activation of endogenous stem cells, and decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources of stem cells have been proposed for transplantation and the restoration of damaged tissue. Over recent decades, intensive research has focused on gestational stem cells considered a novel resource for cell transplantation therapy. The present review provides an update on the recent preclinical/clinical applications of gestational stem cells for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, further studies should be encouraged to translate this promising therapeutic approach into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlotta Buccolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anastasia Dell’Elice
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Angilletta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Gatta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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He Y, Tang J, Zhang M, Ying J, Mu D. Human Placenta Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation Reducing Cellular Apoptosis in Hypoxic-Ischemic Neonatal Rats by Down-Regulating Semaphorin 3A/Neuropilin-1. Neuroscience 2024; 536:36-46. [PMID: 37967738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an abnormal neurological condition caused by hypoxic-ischemic damage during the perinatal period. Human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) have been shown to have protective and reparative effects in various neurological diseases; however, the research on HIE is insufficient. This study aimed to establish a rat model of HIE and transplant hPMSCs through the lateral ventricle after hypoxic-ishcemic (HI) brain damage to observe its protective effects and mechanisms, with a focus on brain apoptosis compared among groups. Differentially expressed apoptosis-related proteins were screened using a rat cytokine array and subsequent verification. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) were selected for further investigation. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression of Sema 3A and the proteins related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Exogenous Sema 3A was added to evaluate the effects of Sema 3A/NRP-1 on hPMSCs following HI injury. hPMSCs transplantation ameliorated HI-induced pathological changes, reduced apoptosis, and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, Sema 3A/NRP-1 was a key regulator in reducing HI-induced apoptosis after hPMSCs transplantation. hPMSCs inhibited the expression of Sema 3A/NRP-1 and activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, exogenous Sema 3A abolished the protective effects of hPMSCs against HI. In conclusion, hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis after HI by downregulating Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
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Zhang H, Zang C, Zhao W, Zhang L, Liu R, Feng Z, Wu J, Cui R. Exosome Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Hypertrophic Scar by Inhibiting the Fibroblasts via TNFSF-13/HSPG2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7047-7063. [PMID: 38046235 PMCID: PMC10693282 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s433510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) have been shown to have significant potential in wound healing and scar relief processes. According to reports, TNFSF13 and HSPG2 are associated with various fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate how TNFSF13 and HSPG2 affect the formation of hypertrophic scar (HS) and the mechanism by which exosomes regulate HS. Methods Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed to measure TNFSF13 expression in HS skin tissues and hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF). HSF were treated with recombinant TNFSF13 protein and TNFSF13 siRNAs to probe the effect of TNFSF13 on the activity of HSF. The CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, and Western blot were used to investigate the role of TNFSF13 in viability, proliferation and inflammation. The influence of MSC-exo on the proliferation and function of HSF was determined by scratch and Western blot. Results TNFSF13 was dramatically up-regulated in HS skin tissues and HSF. Recombinant TNFSF13 protein increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, fibrosis, inflammation, and the binding between TNFSF13 and HSPG2 of HSF. The opposite results were obtained in TNFSF13 siRNAs transferred HSF. Furthermore, TNFSF13 activated the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Silencing of HSPG2 and inhibition of NF-κB remarkably eliminated the promoting effects of TNFSF13 on cell viability, proliferation, migration, fibrosis and inflammation of HSF. MSC-exo reduced α-SMA and COL1A1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HSF by inhibiting TNFSF13 and HSPG2. Conclusion TNFSF13 activates NF-κB signaling pathway by interacting with HSPG2, which regulates the proliferation, migration, fibrosis and inflammatory response of HSF. Through the above mechanisms, knocking out TNFSF13 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, fibrosis and inflammatory response of HSF, whereas MSC-exo could reverse this process. These results suggest that MSC-exo alleviates HS by inhibiting the fibroblasts via TNFSF-13/HSPG2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Zang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongtao Cui
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Gaber A, Ahmed OM, Khadrawy YA, Zoheir KMA, Abo-ELeneen RE, Alblihed MA, Elbakry AM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Begacestat Mitigate Amyloid-β 25-35-Induced Cognitive Decline in Rat Dams and Hippocampal Deteriorations in Offspring. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:905. [PMID: 37508337 PMCID: PMC10376406 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. AD more commonly occurs in females than in males, so it is necessary to consider new treatments specifically targeting this population. The present study investigated the protective effects of Begacestat (γ-secretase inhibitor-953, GSI-953) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) during pregnancy on cognitive impairment in rat dams and neurodegeneration in offspring caused by the intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ 25-35 before pregnancy. The performances of dams injected with amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ 25-35) during behavioral tests were significantly impaired. The offspring of Aβ 25-35-injected dams treated with BM-MSCs or GSI-953 showed a dramatically reduced number and size of activated microglial cells, enhancement in the processes length, and a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, BM-MSC or GSI-953 therapy reduced Aβ 25-35-induced increases in tau phosphorylation and amyloid precursor protein levels in the neonates' hippocampus and elevated the lower levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor; moreover, reversed Aβ 25-35-induced alterations in gene expression in the neonatal hippocampus. Finally, the treatments with BM-MSC or GSI-953 are globally beneficial against Aβ 25-35-induced brain alterations, particularly by suppressing neural inflammation, inhibiting microglial cell activation, restoring developmental plasticity, and increasing neurotrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Center, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Abo-ELeneen
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Alblihed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, college of medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam M Elbakry
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
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Gaber A, Elbakry AM, Aljarari RM, Jaber FA, Khadrawy YA, Sabry D, Abo-ELeneen RE, Ahmed OM. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and γ-Secretase Inhibitor Treatments Suppress Amyloid- β25-35-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rat Dams and Cortical Degeneration in Offspring. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2690949. [PMID: 37274020 PMCID: PMC10234728 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2690949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of age-related neurodegeneration and ensuing cognitive impairment. Progressive deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates (plaques) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) are the core pathological markers of AD but may precede clinical symptoms by many years, presenting a therapeutic window of opportunity. Females are more frequently afflicted by AD than males, necessitating evaluation of novel treatments for the female population. The current study examined the protective efficacies of intravenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and oral gamma-secretase inhibitor-953 (GSI-953) during pregnancy on cognitive impairment in rat dams and neurodegeneration in offspring induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 prior to pregnancy. The Aβ25-35 (AD) group exhibited significant (P < 0.001) impairments in the Y-maze and novel object recognition test performance prior to conception. Histological analysis of the offspring cortex revealed substantial dendritic shrinkage and activation of microglial cells, while neurochemical analysis demonstrated significant increases in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In contrast, BM-MSC or GSI-953 treatment of dams following Aβ25-35 injection significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the number and size of activated microglial cells, markedly increased dendrite length, and reversed proinflammatory cytokine elevations in offspring. Moreover, BM-MSC or GSI-953 treatment reversed the Aβ25-35-induced amyloid precursor protein and p-Tau elevations in the offspring brain; these changes were accompanied by upregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the serum and brain. Treatment with BM-MSCs or GSI-953 also reversed Aβ25-35-induced elevations in different gene expressions in the neonatal cortex. Finally, treatment of dams with BM-MSCs or GSI-953 prevented the Aβ25-35-induced disruption of newborn brain development. Thus, BM-MSC and GSI-953 treatments have broad-spectrum effects against Aβ25-35-induced brain pathology, including the suppression of neural inflammation, restoration of developmental plasticity, and promotion of neurotrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M. Elbakry
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Rabab M. Aljarari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A. Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A. Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Branch Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha E. Abo-ELeneen
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Zhang K, Du X, Gao Y, Liu S, Xu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: Cell Therapy and Chemical Reagent Pretreatment. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221253. [PMID: 37125553 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As the size of the population aged 65 and older continues to grow, the incidence and mortality rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasing annually. Unfortunately, current treatments only treat symptoms temporarily and do not alter the patients' life expectancy or course of AD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown a certain therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases including AD due to their neuroinflammatory regulation and neuroprotective effects. However, the low survival and homing rates of MSCs after transplantation seriously affect their therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, appropriate in vitro preconditioning is necessary to increase the survival and homing rates of MSCs to improve their effectiveness in treating AD. Here we summarize the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs in AD and the chemical reagents used for the pretreatment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/FirstClinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinzhe Du
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/FirstClinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/FirstClinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/FirstClinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Feng Z, Jin M, Liang J, Kang J, Yang H, Guo S, Sun X. Insight into the effect of biomaterials on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A review from a mitochondrial perspective. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:1-14. [PMID: 36972808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone damage may be triggered by a variety of factors, and the damaged area often requires a bone graft. Bone tissue engineering can serve as an alternative strategy for repairing large bone defects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the progenitor cells of connective tissue, have become an important tool for tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. The precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used for bone regeneration significantly affects the efficiency of this type of tissue engineering. During the process of osteogenic induction, the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria are altered. These changes may also alter the microenvironment of the therapeutic stem cells and result in mitochondria transfer. Mitochondrial regulation not only affects the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell. To date, bone tissue engineering research has mainly focused on the influence of biomaterials on phenotype and nuclear genotype, with few studies investigating the role of mitochondria. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of researches into the role of mitochondria in MSCs differentiation and critical analysis regarding smart biomaterials that are able to "programme" mitochondria modulation was proposed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : • This review proposed the precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used to seed bone regeneration. • This review addressed the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria during the process of osteogenic induction and the effect of mitochondria on the microenvironment of stem cells. • This review summarized biomaterials which affect the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell through the regulation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junning Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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10
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Marsool MDM, Prajjwal P, Reddy YB, Marsool ADM, Lam JR, Nandwana V. Newer modalities in the management of Alzheimer's dementia along with the role of aducanumab and lecanemab in the treatment of its refractory cases. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101547. [PMID: 36931947 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological condition characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in memory, language, emotion, and cognition. It mainly affects elderly people. Due to the effects of AD, pharmaceutical medications and anticholinesterases have been vigorously promoted and approved by the FDA as a form of AD therapy. However, it was progressively found that these drugs did not address the underlying causes of AD pathogenesis; rather, they focused on the symptoms in order to enhance patients' cognitive outcomes. Consequently, a hunt for superior disease-modifying options is launched. Designing new therapeutic agents requires a thorough understanding of the neuroprotective processes and varied functions carried out by certain genes, and antibodies. In this comprehensive review article, we give an overview of the history of Alzheimer's disease, the significance of the blood-brain barrier in determining the scope of treatment options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current therapeutic treatment options for stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and improved Alzheimer's disease care and diagnosis. We have also included a discussion on the potential role of aducanumab and Lecanemab as a cutting-edge therapy in refractory Alzheimer's disease patients. Lecanemab has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Justin Riley Lam
- Internal Medicine, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Varsha Nandwana
- Neurology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
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11
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Xu L, Zhu Y, Li C, Wang Q, Ma L, Wang J, Zhang S. Small extracellular vesicles derived from Nrf2-overexpressing human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3. Biol Direct 2022; 17:35. [PMID: 36447296 PMCID: PMC9706911 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent studies indicate that cell-based therapies may be beneficial in the treatment of ALI. We recently demonstrated that Nrf2-overexpressing human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) reduce lung injury, fibrosis and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. Here we tested whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from Nrf2-overexpressing hAMSCs (Nrf2-sEVs) could protect against ALI. sEVs were isolated from hAMSCs that overexpressed (Nrf2-sEVs) or silenced (siNrf2-sEVs) Nrf2. We examined the effects of sEVs treatment on lung inflammation in a mouse model of ALI, where LPS was administered intratracheally to mice, and lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed 24 h later. METHODS Histological analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting, RT-PCR and ELISA were used to measure the inflammatory response in the lungs and BALF. RESULTS We found that sEVs from hAMSCs are protective in ALI and that Nrf2 overexpression promotes protection against lung disease. Nrf2-sEVs significantly reduced lung injury in LPS-challenged mice, which was associated with decreased apoptosis, reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. We further show that Nrf2-sEVs act by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION Our data show that overexpression of Nrf2 protects against LPS-induced lung injury, and indicate that a novel therapeutic strategy using Nrf2-sEVs may be beneficial against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yunlou Zhu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Congye Li
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Qixing Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Lijie Ma
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Junjie Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Shouqin Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 7th Floor, Building 1, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200072 China
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12
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Meng L, Wei Y, Liang Y, Hu Q, Xie H. Stem cell homing in periodontal tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1017613. [PMID: 36312531 PMCID: PMC9607953 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1017613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of periodontal tissue is a crucial problem faced by oral diseases, such as periodontitis and tooth avulsion. However, regenerating periodontal tissue is a huge clinical challenge because of the structural complexity and the poor self-healing capability of periodontal tissue. Tissue engineering has led to advances in periodontal regeneration, however, the source of exogenous seed cells is still a major obstacle. With the improvement of in situ tissue engineering and the exploration of stem cell niches, the homing of endogenous stem cells may bring promising treatment strategies in the future. In recent years, the applications of endogenous cell homing have been widely reported in clinical tissue repair, periodontal regeneration, and cell therapy prospects. Stimulating strategies have also been widely studied, such as the combination of cytokines and chemokines, and the implantation of tissue-engineered scaffolds. In the future, more research needs to be done to improve the efficiency of endogenous cell homing and expand the range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yige Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huixu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huixu Xie,
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13
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López-Ornelas A, Jiménez A, Pérez-Sánchez G, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Corzo-Cruz A, Velasco I, Estudillo E. The Impairment of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities with Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710136. [PMID: 36077533 PMCID: PMC9456198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and its prevalence is increasing. Nowadays, very few drugs effectively reduce AD symptoms and thus, a better understanding of its pathophysiology is vital to design new effective schemes. Presymptomatic neuronal damage caused by the accumulation of Amyloid β peptide and Tau protein abnormalities remains a challenge, despite recent efforts in drug development. Importantly, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and diagnostic techniques have emerged to detect and treat AD. Of note, the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral inflammation in AD are becoming more evident, being harmful factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Perspectives from different pre-clinical and clinical studies link peripheral inflammation with the onset and progression of AD. This review aims to analyze the main factors and the contribution of impaired BBB in AD development. Additionally, we describe the potential therapeutic strategies using stem cells for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Hospitales Federales de Referencia, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Corzo-Cruz
- Laboratorio Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Lei T, Wang D, Cai S, Hang Z, Yang Y, Bi W, Xiao Z, Du H. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth relieves Alzheimer's disease symptoms in SAMP8 mice by up-regulating the PPARγ pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113169. [PMID: 35689863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex and heterogeneous, and there are currently no drugs that can stop its progression. The failure of traditional chemical small-molecule drug development showed the weakness of single target and made researchers look to cell therapy with multiple regulatory effects. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a kind of neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells which have broad prospects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic effects of SHED in AD mice, including behavioral improvement, neuronal protection, and alleviation of neuroinflammation. Tracking experiments on SHED showed that some of the transplanted cells could enter the brain. To elucidate the role played by the majority of cells transplanted into veins, blood proteomic assays were performed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030313. Among the altered proteins, the PPAR pathway related to energy metabolism was considered to be an important signaling pathway involved in regulation through gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. Western blot showed that the transplantation of SHED improved the glucose metabolism in AD mice by increasing the PPARγ signaling pathway. These results suggested that SHED have a potential in relieving AD pathological symptoms and improving behavioral cognition. The therapeutic mechanism of SHED is related to up-regulating PPARγ signaling pathway and reducing neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanglin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongci Hang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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15
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Madani Neishaboori A, Eshraghi A, Tasouji Asl A, Shariatpanahi M, Yousefifard M, Gorji A. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a potential candidate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review on preclinical studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00977. [PMID: 35718918 PMCID: PMC9207226 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous investigations have evaluated the efficacy of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their exosome transplantation in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different animal models. However, there are still many contradictions among the studies that hinder reaching a reliable conclusion. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the efficacy of ADSCs administration in treatment of AD. The systematic search was conducted in the databases of Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to the manual search in Google and Google scholar, to find articles published until March 13, 2021. Preclinical studies were included and two independent reviewers summarized the eligible papers. Ten articles were included in our review. The treatment strategies varied between isolated ADSC, ADSCs exosomes, ADSCs conditioned medium, and combination therapy (ADSCs plus conditioned medium in one study, and ADSCs plus melatonin in another study). Overview of the included articles showed promising results of ADSCs and its conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. These studies showed significant learning and memory improvements through ADSCs and their conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. In addition, the application of ADSCs reduced the amyloid-beta plaque deposits in the hippocampus and neocortex of these animals. Based on the aforementioned evidence, studies have suggested potential beneficial effects of ADSCs in the treatment of AD, particularly through decreasing the size of Aβ plaques and improvement of cognitive deficits. Further investigations regarding the subject are encouraged to achieve more accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Eshraghi
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Shariatpanahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Neurosurgery Department, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Targets for Small Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134124. [PMID: 35807370 PMCID: PMC9268715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common, progressive, and devastating neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the elderly. Microglial dysregulation, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD. In the brain, microglia play roles as immune cells to provide protection against virus injuries and diseases. They have significant contributions in the development of the brain, cognition, homeostasis of the brain, and plasticity. Multiple studies have confirmed that uncontrolled microglial function can result in impaired microglial mitophagy, induced Aβ accumulation and tau pathology, and a chronic neuroinflammatory environment. In the brain, most of the genes that are associated with AD risk are highly expressed by microglia. Although it was initially regarded that microglia reaction is incidental and induced by dystrophic neurites and Aβ plaques. Nonetheless, it has been reported by genome-wide association studies that most of the risk loci for AD are located in genes that are occasionally uniquely and highly expressed in microglia. This finding further suggests that microglia play significant roles in early AD stages and they be targeted for the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we have summarized the molecular pathogenesis of AD, microglial activities in the adult brain, the role of microglia in the aging brain, and the role of microglia in AD. We have also particularly focused on the significance of targeting microglia for the treatment of AD.
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17
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Valenzuela M, Duncan T, Abey A, Johnson A, Boulamatsis C, Dalton MA, Jacobson E, Brunel L, Child G, Simpson D, Buckland M, Lowe A, Siette J, Westbrook F, McGreevy P. Autologous skin-derived neural precursor cell therapy reverses canine Alzheimer dementia-like syndrome in a proof of concept veterinary trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:261. [PMID: 35715872 PMCID: PMC9205057 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older companion dogs naturally develop a dementia-like syndrome with biological, clinical and therapeutic similarities to Alzheimer disease (AD). Given there has been no new safe, clinically effective and widely accessible treatment for AD for almost 20 years, an all-new cell therapeutic approach was trialled in canine veterinary patients, and further modelled in aged rats for more detailed neurobiological analysis. METHODS A Phase 1/2A veterinary trial was conducted in N = 6 older companion dogs with definitive diagnosis of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD). Treatment comprised direct microinjection of 250,000 autologous skin-derived neuroprecursors (SKNs) into the bilateral hippocampus using MRI-guided stereotaxis. Safety was assessed clinically and efficacy using the validated Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale (CCDR) at baseline and 3-month post treatment. Intention to treat analysis imputed a single patient that had a surgical adverse event requiring euthanasia. Three dog brains were donated following natural death and histology carried out to quantify Alzheimer pathology as well as immature neurons and synapses; these were compared to a brain bank (N = 12) of untreated aged dogs with and without CCD. Further, an age-related memory dysfunction rat model (N = 16) was used to more closely evaluate intrahippocampal engraftment of canine SKN cells, focusing on mnemonic and synaptic effects as well as donor cell survival, neurodifferentation and electrophysiologic circuit integration in a live hippocampal slice preparation. RESULTS Four out-of-five dogs improved on the primary clinical CCDR endpoint, three fell below diagnostic threshold, and remarkably, two underwent full syndromal reversal lasting up to 2 years. At post mortem, synaptic density in the hippocampus specifically was nine standard deviations above non-treated dogs, and intensity of new neurons also several fold higher. There was no impact on AD pathology or long-term safety signals. Modelling in aged rats replicated the main canine trial findings: hippocampally-dependent place memory deficits were reversed and synaptic depletion rescued. In addition, this model confirmed donor cell survival and migration throughout the hippocampus, neuronal differentiation in situ, and physiologically-correct integration into pyramidal layer circuits. CONCLUSIONS With further development, SKN cell therapy may have potential for treating carefully chosen AD patients based on neurosynaptic restoration in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Valenzuela
- Skin2Neuron Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - T Duncan
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Abey
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Johnson
- Skin2Neuron Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - E Jacobson
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Brunel
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Child
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Simpson
- Animal Referral Hospital Homebush, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Buckland
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Lowe
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Siette
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Westbrook
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P McGreevy
- University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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18
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Conditioned medium from amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells could modulate Alzheimer's disease-like changes in human neuroblastoma cell line SY-SY5Y in a paracrine manner. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Li J, Wang Q, An Y, Chen X, Xing Y, Deng Q, Li Z, Wang S, Dai X, Liang N, Hou Y, Yang H, Shang Z. Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836887. [PMID: 35450295 PMCID: PMC9017713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from placenta (PMSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine because of their multidifferentiation potential and immunomodulatory capabilities. However, the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of PMSCs has not been fully characterized. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) techniques to cultured PMSCs from human full-term placenta. Based on the inferred characteristics of cell clusters, we identify several distinct subsets of PMSCs with specific characteristics, including immunomodulatory-potential and highly proliferative cell states. Furthermore, integrative analysis of gene expression and chromatin accessibility showed a clearer chromatin accessibility signature than those at the transcriptional level on immunomodulatory-related genes. Cell cycle gene-related heterogeneity can be more easily distinguished at the transcriptional than the chromatin accessibility level in PMSCs. We further reveal putative subset-specific cis-regulatory elements regulating the expression of immunomodulatory- and proliferation-related genes in the immunomodulatory-potential and proliferative subpopulations, respectively. Moreover, we infer a novel transcription factor PRDM1, which might play a crucial role in maintaining immunomodulatory capability by activating PRDM1-regulon loop. Collectively, our study first provides a comprehensive and integrative view of the transcriptomic and epigenomic features of PMSCs, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and offers fundamental biological insight of PMSC subset-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanlei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yanan Xing
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zelong Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Dai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI College, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhouchun Shang,
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20
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Yan Y, Wang X, Zhu G. Endometrium Derived Stem Cells as Potential Candidates in Nervous System Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:485-498. [PMID: 35235077 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Limited cell division and lack of endogenous repair mechanisms in the central nervous system, hampers tissue repair following neurodegenerative diseases or tissue injuries. Unlike central nervous system; peripheral nervous system has some capacity to repair after injury, but in case of critical sized defects the use of supporting cells in the neural guidance channels seems inevitable to obtain a satisfactory functional recovery. Stem cell therapies have provided new frontiers in the repair of nervous system largely through paracrine secretion mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of stem cells differs according to their tissue of origin, mode of isolation, administration route, and passage number. During the past decades, studies have been focused on stem cells harvested from disposable tissues such as menstrual blood or biopsies from endometrium. These cells are characterized by their high differentiation and proliferation potential, ease of harvest, and lack of ethical concerns. In the current review, we will discuss the prospects and challenges of endometrial stem cells' application in nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guijuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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21
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Fighting fire with fire: the immune system might be key in our fight against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1261-1283. [PMID: 35032668 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown and no disease-modifying treatment exists. Emerging evidence supports the concept that the immune system has a key role in AD pathogenesis. This awareness leads to the idea that specific parts of the immune system must be engaged to ward off the disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the management of several previously untreatable cancers and could hold similar promise as a novel therapy for treating AD. However, before potent immunotherapies can be rationally designed as treatment against AD, we need to fully understand the dynamic interplay between AD and the different parts of our immune system. Accordingly, here we review the most important aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune system in relation to AD pathology. Teaser: Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer's disease is affected by the inability of the immune system to contain the pathology of the brain. Here, we discuss how we can engage our immune system to fight this devastating disease.
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles Released from Neprilysin Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Enhance Therapeutic Effects in an Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5548630. [PMID: 34899919 PMCID: PMC8664527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects; however, clinical trial results are controversial. Neprilysin (NEP) is the main cleavage enzyme of β-amyloid (Aβ), which plays a major role in the pathology and etiology of AD. We evaluated whether transplantation of MSCs with NEP gene modification enhances the therapeutic effects in an AD animal model and then investigated these pathomechanisms. We manufactured NEP gene-enhanced human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and intravenously transplanted them in Aβ1-42-injected AD animal models. We compared the differences in behavioral tests and immunohistochemical assays between four groups: normal, Aβ1-42 injection, naïve hUC-MSCs, and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs. Both naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups showed significant improvements in memory compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. There was no significant difference between naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. There was a significant decrease in Congo red, BACE-1, GFAP, and Iba-1 and a significant increase in BDNF, NeuN, and NEP in both hUC-MSC groups compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. Among them, BDNF, NeuN, GFAP, Iba-1, and NEP showed more significant changes in the NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC group than in the naïve group. After stem cell injection, stem cells were not found. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were equally observed in the hippocampus in the naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. However, the EVs of NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs contained higher amounts of NEP as compared to the EVs of naïve hUC-MSCs. Thus, hUC-MSCs affect AD animal models through stem cell-released EVs. Although there was no significant difference in cognitive function between the hUC-MSC groups, NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs had superior neurogenesis and anti-inflammation properties compared to naïve hUC-MSCs due to increased NEP in the hippocampus by enriched NEP-possessing EVs. NEP gene-modified MSCs that release an increased amount of NEP within EVs may be a promising therapeutic option in AD treatment.
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23
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Hu H, Zhao M, Sun L. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:749587. [PMID: 34899188 PMCID: PMC8651709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.749587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common types of age-related dementia worldwide. In addition to extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, dysregulated microglia also play deleterious roles in the AD pathogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that unbridled microglial activity induces a chronic neuroinflammatory environment, promotes β-amyloid accumulation and tau pathology, and impairs microglia-associated mitophagy. Thus, targeting microglia may pave the way for new therapeutic interventions. This review provides a thorough overview of the pathophysiological role of the microglia in AD and illustrates the potential avenues for microglia-targeted therapies, including microglial modification, immunoreceptors, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Kulus M, Sibiak R, Stefańska K, Zdun M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Jaśkowski JM, Bukowska D, Ratajczak K, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues-Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123278. [PMID: 34943786 PMCID: PMC8699543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There are many sources of MSCs, of which cells of perinatal origin appear to be an invaluable pool. Compared to embryonic stem cells, they are devoid of ethical conflicts because they are derived from tissues surrounding the fetus and can be safely recovered from medical waste after delivery. Additionally, perinatal MSCs exhibit better self-renewal and differentiation properties than those derived from adult tissues. It is important to consider the anatomy of perinatal tissues and the general description of MSCs, including their isolation, differentiation, and characterization of different types of perinatal MSCs from both animals and humans (placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid). Ultimately, signaling pathways are essential to consider regarding the clinical applications of MSCs. It is important to consider the origin of these cells, referring to the anatomical structure of the organs of origin, when describing the general and specific characteristics of the different types of MSCs as well as the pathways involved in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Maciej Zdun
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Kornel Ratajczak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhao X, Li D, Zhang L, Niu Y, Wang W, Niu B. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies for Alzheimer's disease: preclinical studies. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1687-1695. [PMID: 34213730 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory failure, cognitive impairment, as well as behavioral and psychological manifestations. Drugs can only moderately manage, but not alleviate, clinical symptoms. Results, based on animal models, have demonstrated that cell therapy is a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The homing effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) replaces damaged cells, while some scholars believe that the paracrine effects play a crucial role in treating diseases. In fact, these cells have rich sources, exhibit high proliferation rates, low tumorigenicity, and immunogenicity, and have no ethical concerns. Consequently, MSCs have been used across various disease aspects, such as regulating immunity, nourishing nerves, and promoting regeneration. Deterioration of public health status have exposed both Alzheimer's patients and researchers to various difficulties during epidemics. In this review, we discuss the advances and challenges in the application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuhu Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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26
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Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Cells 2021; 10:cells10081992. [PMID: 34440761 PMCID: PMC8391848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and/or function of both neurons and glial cells, leading to different degrees of pathology and loss of cognition. The hypothesis of circuit reconstruction in the damaged brain via direct cell replacement has been pursued extensively so far. In this context, stem cells represent a useful option since they provide tissue restoration through the substitution of damaged neuronal cells with exogenous stem cells and create a neuro-protective environment through the release of bioactive molecules for healthy neurons, as well. These peculiar properties of stem cells are opening to potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe neurodegenerative disorders, for which the absence of effective treatment options leads to an increasingly socio-economic burden. Currently, the introduction of new technologies in the field of stem cells and the implementation of alternative cell tissues sources are pointing to exciting frontiers in this area of research. Here, we provide an update of the current knowledge about source and administration routes of stem cells, and review light and shadows of cells replacement therapy for the treatment of the three main neurodegenerative disorders (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease).
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27
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Lim JY, In Park S, Park SA, Jeon JH, Jung HY, Yon JM, Jeun SS, Lim HK, Kim SW. Potential application of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for the treatment of neuropathology and impaired cognition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:402. [PMID: 34256823 PMCID: PMC8278635 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation is a fascinating therapeutic approach for the treatment of many neurodegenerative disorders; however, clinical trials using stem cells have not been as effective as expected based on preclinical studies. The aim of this study is to validate the hypothesis that human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells (hNTSCs) are a clinically promising therapeutic source of adult stem cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods hNTSCs were evaluated in comparison with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) according to the effect of transplantation on AD pathology, including PET/CT neuroimaging, immune status indicated by microglial numbers and autophagic capacity, neuronal survival, and cognition, in a 5 × FAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Results We demonstrated that hNTSCs showed a high proliferative capacity and great neurogenic properties in vitro. Compared with hBM-MSC transplantation, hNTSC transplantation markedly reduced Aβ42 levels and plaque formation in the brains of the 5 × FAD transgenic AD mice on neuroimaging, concomitant with increased survival of hippocampal and cortex neurons. Moreover, hNTSCs strongly modulated immune status by reducing the number of microglia and the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and upregulating autophagic capacity at 7 weeks after transplantation in AD models. Notably, compared with transplantation of hBM-MSCs, transplantation of hNTSCs significantly enhanced performance on the Morris water maze, with an increased level of TIMP2, which is necessary for spatial memory in young mice and neurons; this difference could be explained by the high engraftment of hNTSCs after transplantation. Conclusion The reliable evidence provided by these findings reveals a promising therapeutic effect of hNTSCs and indicates a step forward the clinical application of hNTSCs in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Jung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 63-ro 10, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Neves AF, Camargo C, Premer C, Hare JM, Baumel BS, Pinto M. Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells reduces Tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113706. [PMID: 33757765 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is a novel and promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focusing on an intervention easily translatable into clinical practice, we administered allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs intravenously in a mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We systematically evaluated the effects of a single-dose and multiple-doses of MSCs in young and old mice (5 or 10 months old), comparing the short-term and long-term effects after 1, 2, or 7 months of treatment. A single dose of MSCs in young mice attenuated neuroinflammation 1 and 7 months after injection, whereas multiple-doses did not show any effect. Multiple-doses of MSCs (administered at 5 to 12 mo, or 10 to 12 mo) reduced the β-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, although levels of Aβ-42 did not change. Most interestingly, multiple doses of MSCs affected tau hyperphosphorylation. MSCs administered in young mice for 7 months decreased the pathological tau phosphorylation at T205, S214, and T231. MSCs administered in old mice for 2 months decreased tau phosphorylation at S396. Our findings show how different timing and frequency of MSC injections can affect and modulate several aspects of the AD-like neuropathology in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, strengthening the concept of fine-tuning MSC therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ferreira Neves
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Christian Camargo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Courtney Premer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Bernard S Baumel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Milena Pinto
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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29
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Kim DY, Choi SH, Lee JS, Kim HJ, Kim HN, Lee JE, Shin JY, Lee PH. Feasibility and Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Administration of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1281-1296. [PMID: 32597802 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote functional recoveries in pathological experimental models of the central nervous system and are currently being tested in clinical trials for neurological disorders. However, no studies have examined the various roles of embryonic stem cell derived (ES)-MSCs in eliciting therapeutic effects for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of ES-MSCs in cellular and animal models of AD, as well as the safety of the intra-arterial administration of ES-MSCs in an AD animal model. ES-MSCs displayed higher cell viability than that of bone marrow (BM)-MSCs in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced cellular models. Moreover, the efficacy of autophagy induction in ES-MSCs was comparable to that of BM-MSCs; however, intracellular Aβ levels were more significantly reduced in ES-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. In a rat model of AD, ES-MSCs significantly inhibited Aβ-induced cell death in the hippocampus and promoted autophagolysosomal clearance of Aβ, which was concomitantly followed by decreased levels of Aβ in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ES-MSC treatment in Aβ-treated rats featured a higher memory performance than that of rats injected solely with Aβ. Finally, intra-arterial administration of an appropriate cell density of ES-MSCs was safe and free from in situ occlusion or cerebral ischemia. These data support the therapeutic potential of ES-MSCs and clinical applications of the intra-arterial route of ES-MSC administration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Sun Lee
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Shigematsu K, Takeda T, Komori N, Tahara K, Yamagishi H. Hypothesis: Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2021; 150:110572. [PMID: 33799163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose the intravenous administration of autologous adipose-derived stem cells as a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesize that the stem cells will secrete neprilysin in the brain to break down and remove amyloid deposits in the Alzheimer's brain. We have shown a case of skin amyloid deposition that disappeared after stem cell administration and confirmed that the stem cells administered had neprilysin activity. In addition to neprilysin secretion, other mechanisms of action of stem cells include nerve regeneration, nerve repair, growth factor secretion, anti-inflammatory effects, and angiogenesis. The harvesting of adipose-derived stem cells is minimally invasive, and intravenous administration can be safely repeated. We hope that the efficacy of this new treatment will be verified and that it will bring a ray of hope to patients suffering from this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Shigematsu
- Department of Neurology, Minami Kyoto Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan; Nagituji Hospital. Kyoto, Japan.
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31
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Liy PM, Puzi NNA, Jose S, Vidyadaran S. Nitric oxide modulation in neuroinflammation and the role of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2399-2406. [PMID: 33715528 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221997052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a versatile mediator formed by enzymes called nitric oxide synthases. It has numerous homeostatic functions and important roles in inflammation. Within the inflamed brain, microglia and astrocytes produce large amounts of nitric oxide during inflammation. Excessive nitric oxide causes neuronal toxicity and death and mesenchymal stem cells can be used as an approach to limit the neuronal damage caused by neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorates inflammation and neuronal damage in disease models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Interestingly, we have reported that in vitro, mesenchymal stem cells themselves contribute to a rise in nitric oxide levels through microglial cues. This may be an undesirable effect and highlights a possible need to explore acellular approaches for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan M Liy
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nabilah A Puzi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.,Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Shinsmon Jose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Srivastava S, Ahmad R, Khare SK. Alzheimer's disease and its treatment by different approaches: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113320. [PMID: 33652356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mental ability development and interrupts neurocognitive function. This neuropathological condition is depicted by neurodegeneration, neural loss, and development of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques. There is also a greater risk of developing AD at a later age for people with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes. In the biomedical sciences, effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease is a severe obstacle. There is no such treatment to cure Alzheimer's disease. The drug present in the market show only symptomatic relief. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood and the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy are two main factors that hamper research. Stem cell-based therapy has been seen as an effective, secure, and creative therapeutic solution to overcoming AD because of AD's multifactorial nature and inadequate care. Current developments in nanotechnology often offer possibilities for the delivery of active drug candidates to address certain limitations. The key nanoformulations being tested against AD include polymeric nanoparticles (NP), inorganic NPs and lipid-based NPs. Nano drug delivery systems are promising vehicles for targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing drug molecules' penetration across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. In this review, we focus on the causes of the AD and their treatment by different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Razi Ahmad
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Stem cell-based therapy as a promising approach in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives on novel treatment. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 22:339-353. [PMID: 33398492 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuronal disorder with insidious onset and slow progression, leading to growing global concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The occurrence of AD has been increased and has become an important health issue throughout the world. In recent years, the care of more than 35 million patients with AD costs over $ 600 billion per year, it is approximately 1 percent of the global Gross Domestic Product. Currently, the therapeutic approach is not effective for neurological deficits especially after the development of these major neurological disorders. The discovery of the technique called cell-based therapy has shown promising results and made important conclusions beyond AD using the stem cells approach. Here we review recent progress on stem cell-based therapy in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Chen CP, Wang LK, Chen CY, Chen CY, Wu YH. Placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell-derived Slit2 may regulate macrophage motility during placental infection. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 27:6020263. [PMID: 33275139 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit proteins have been reported to act as axonal repellents in Drosophila; however, their role in the placental microenvironment has not been explored. In this study, we found that human placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hPMSCs) constitutively express Slit2. Therefore, we hypothesized that Slit2 expressed by hPMSCs could be involved in macrophage migration during placental inflammation through membrane cognate Roundabout (Robo) receptor signaling. In order to develop a preclinical in vitro mouse model of hPMSCs in treatment of perinatal infection, RAW 264.7 cells were used in this study. Slit2 interacted with Robo4 that was highly expressed in RAW 264.7 macrophages: their interaction increased the adhesive ability of RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited migration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CD11bCD18 expression could be inhibited by Slit2 and by hPMSC-conditioned medium (CM). LPS-induced activation of p38 and Rap1 was also attenuated by Slit2 and by hPMSC-CM. Noticeably, these inhibitory effects of hPMSC-CM decreased after depletion of Slit2 from the CM. Furthermore, we found that p38 siRNA inhibited LPS-induced Rap1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that Rap1 functions downstream of p38 signaling. p38 siRNA increased cell adhesion and inhibited migration through reducing LPS-stimulated CD11bCD18 expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, hPMSC-derived Slit2 may inhibit LPS-induced CD11bCD18 expression to decrease cell migration and increase adhesion through modulating the activity and motility of inflammatory macrophages in placenta. This may represent a novel mechanism for LPS-induced placental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yokokawa K, Iwahara N, Hisahara S, Emoto MC, Saito T, Suzuki H, Manabe T, Matsumura A, Matsushita T, Suzuki S, Kawamata J, Sato-Akaba H, Fujii HG, Shimohama S. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Amyloid-β Pathology by Modifying Microglial Function and Suppressing Oxidative Stress. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:867-884. [PMID: 31640102 PMCID: PMC6918908 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are increasingly being studied as a source of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, and several groups have reported their beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study using AD model mice (APdE9), we found that transplantation of MSC via the tail vein improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze test. Using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the in vivo redox state of the brain, we found that MSC transplantation suppressed oxidative stress in AD model mice. To elucidate how MSC treatment ameliorates oxidative stress, we focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and microglial function. MSC transplantation reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus. Transplantation of MSC also decreased Iba1-positive area in the cortex and reduced activated ameboid shaped microglia. On the other hand, MSC transplantation accelerated accumulation of microglia around Aβ deposits and prompted microglial Aβ uptake and clearance as shown by higher frequency of Aβ-containing microglia. MSC transplantation also increased CD14-positive microglia in vivo, which play a critical role in Aβ uptake. To confirm the effects of MSC on microglia, we co-cultured the mouse microglial cell line MG6 with MSC. Co-culture with MSC enhanced Aβ uptake by MG6 cells accompanied by upregulation of CD14 expression. Additionally, co-culture of MG6 cells with MSC induced microglial phenotype switching from M1 to M2 and suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that MSC treatment has the potential to ameliorate oxidative stress through modification of microglial functions, thereby improving Aβ pathology in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yokokawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shin Hisahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miho C Emoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taro Saito
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Manabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Syuuichirou Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of System Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Cancer Preventive Institute, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Park BN, Kim JH, Lim TS, Park SH, Kim TG, Yoon BS, Son KS, Yoon JK, An YS. Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease evaluated by β-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:883-891. [PMID: 32436738 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420917467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a model of Alzheimer's disease using serial [18F]Florbetaben positron emission tomography. METHODS 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mice were treated with intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and animals without stem cell therapy were used as controls. Serial [18F]Florbetaben positron emission tomography was performed after therapy. The standardized uptake value ratio was measured as the cortex standardized uptake value divided by the cerebellum standardized uptake value. Memory function and histological changes were observed using the Barnes maze test and β-amyloid-reactive cells. RESULTS Standardized uptake value ratio decreased significantly from day 14 after stem cell administration in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-treated group (n = 28). In contrast, there was no change in the ratio in control mice (n = 25) at any time point. In addition, mice that received bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy also exhibited significantly better memory function and less β-amyloid-immunopositive plaques compared to controls. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed by β-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging, memory functional studies and histopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Nam Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bok Seon Yoon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Keoung Sun Son
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Kee Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Sil An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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37
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Liu XY, Yang LP, Zhao L. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:787-802. [PMID: 32952859 PMCID: PMC7477654 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is caused by synaptic failure and excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. To date, almost all advanced clinical trials on specific AD-related pathways have failed mostly due to a large number of neurons lost in the brain of patients with AD. Also, currently available drug candidates intervene too late. Stem cells have improved characteristics of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination with the advent of stem cell technology and the transformation of these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells. Stem cell treatment has been successful in AD animal models. Recent preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for AD have proved to be promising. Cell replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural cells, have the potential to treat patients with AD, and human clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. However, many steps still need to be taken before stem cell therapy becomes a clinically feasible treatment for human AD and related diseases. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of AD and the application prospects of related stem cells based on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lin-Po Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
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38
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Qin C, Lu Y, Wang K, Bai L, Shi G, Huang Y, Li Y. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cognitive deficits and alleviates neuropathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analytic review on potential mechanisms. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:20. [PMID: 32460886 PMCID: PMC7251864 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. Therapeutically, a transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can play a beneficial role in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the relevant mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. MAIN BODY Subsequent to the transplantation of BMMSCs, memory loss and cognitive impairment were significantly improved in animal models with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potential mechanisms involved neurogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, immunomodulation, etc. The above mechanisms might play different roles at certain stages. It was revealed that the transplantation of BMMSCs could alter some gene levels. Moreover, the differential expression of representative genes was responsible for neuropathological phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease, which could be used to construct gene-specific patterns. CONCLUSIONS Multiple signal pathways involve therapeutic mechanisms by which the transplantation of BMMSCs improves cognitive and behavioral deficits in AD models. Gene expression profile can be utilized to establish statistical regression model for the evaluation of therapeutic effect. The transplantation of autologous BMMSCs maybe a prospective therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yalan Lu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guiying Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiying Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, 5 Panjiayuan Nanli St, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of International Medical Service & Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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39
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Silva AYO, Amorim ÉA, Barbosa-Silva MC, Lima MN, Oliveira HA, Granja MG, Oliveira KS, Fagundes PM, Neris RLS, Campos RMP, Moraes CA, Vallochi AL, Rocco PRM, Bozza FA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Maron-Gutierrez T. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protect the Blood-Brain Barrier, Reduce Astrogliosis, and Prevent Cognitive and Behavioral Alterations in Surviving Septic Mice. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:e290-e298. [PMID: 32205619 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Survivors of sepsis are frequently left with significant cognitive and behavioral impairments. These complications derive from nonresolving inflammation that persists following hospital discharge. To date, no study has investigated the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy on the blood-brain barrier, astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive and behavioral alterations in experimental sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING Government-affiliated research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Swiss Webster mice (n = 309). INTERVENTIONS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture; sham-operated animals were used as control. All animals received volume resuscitation (1 mL saline/mouse subcutaneously) and antibiotics (meropenem 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 6, 24, and 48 hours). Six hours after surgery, mice were treated with mesenchymal stromal cells IV (1 × 10 cells in 0.05 mL of saline/mouse) or saline (0.05 mL IV). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At day 1, clinical score and plasma levels of inflammatory mediators were increased in cecal ligation and puncture mice. Mesenchymal stromal cells did not alter clinical score or survival rate, but reduced levels of systemic interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. At day 15, survivor mice completed a battery of cognitive and behavioral tasks. Cecal ligation and puncture mice exhibited spatial and aversive memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior. These effects may be related to increased blood-brain barrier permeability, with altered tight-junction messenger RNA expression, increased brain levels of inflammatory mediators, and astrogliosis (induced at day 3). Mesenchymal stromal cells mitigated these cognitive and behavioral alterations, as well as reduced blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrocyte activation, and interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-10 levels in vivo. In cultured primary astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, conditioned media from mesenchymal stromal cells reduced astrogliosis, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS In mice who survived experimental sepsis, mesenchymal stromal cell therapy protected blood-brain barrier integrity, reduced astrogliosis and neuroinflammation, as well as improved cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Y O Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica A Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C Barbosa-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maiara N Lima
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Granja
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula M Fagundes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo L S Neris
- Microbiology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel M P Campos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Vallochi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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40
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Zhang L, Dong ZF, Zhang JY. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 246:117405. [PMID: 32035129 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and is characterized by gradual loss in memory, language, and cognitive function. The hallmarks of AD include extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neuronal fiber entanglement, and neuronal loss. Despite strenuous efforts toward improvement of AD, there remains a lack of effective treatment and current pharmaceutical therapies only alleviate the symptoms for a short period of time. Interestingly, some progress has been achieved in treatment of AD based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in recent years. MSC transplantation, as a rising therapy, is used as an intervention in AD, because of the enormous potential of MSCs, including differentiation potency, immunoregulatory function, and no immunological rejection. Although numerous strategies have focused on the use of MSCs to replace apoptotic or degenerating neurons, recent studies have implied that MSC-immunoregulation, which modulates the activity state of microglia or astrocytes and mediates neuroinflammation via several transcription factors (NFs) signaling pathways, may act as a major mechanism for the therapeutic efficacy of MSC and be responsible for some of the satisfactory results. In this review, we will focus on the role of MSC-immunoregulation in MSC-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Dong
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Jie-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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41
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Feng Y, Wang L, Ma X, Yang X, Don O, Chen X, Qu J, Song Y. Effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide combination in ALI through cAMP/PKAc/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31900217 PMCID: PMC6942368 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALI/ARDS is the major cause of acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients. As human chorionic villi-derived MSCs (hCMSCs) could attenuate ALI in the airway injury model, and liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, possesses anti-inflammatory and proliferation promotion functions, we proposed to probe the potential combinatory effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide on ALI. METHODS We examined the time- and dose-dependent manner of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 with LPS via western blot and qRT-PCR. Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay detected the effects of liraglutide on GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 through PKAc/β-catenin pathway and cAMP pathway. In the ALI animal model, we detected the effects of MSC and liraglutide combination on ALI symptoms by H&E staining, western blot, ELISA assays, calculating wet-to-dry ratio of the lung tissue, and counting neutrophils, leukocytes, and macrophages in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS The data demonstrated that LPS reduced hCMSC proliferation and GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Liraglutide significantly dampened the reduction of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 and reversed the effect of LPS on hCMSCs, which could be regulated by GLP-1R and its downstream cAMP/PKAc/β-catenin-TCF4 signaling. Combination of hCMSCs with liraglutide showed more therapeutic efficacy than liraglutide alone in reducing LPS-induced ALI in the animal model. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that the combination of hCMSCs and liraglutide might be an effective strategy for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 20003, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ocholi Don
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 20003, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging & Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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42
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Elia CA, Losurdo M, Malosio ML, Coco S. Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects on Amyloid-β, Inflammation, and Regeneration: A Spark of Hope for Alzheimer's Disease from Tiny Structures? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800199. [PMID: 30919493 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
No cure yet exists for devastating Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite many years and humongous efforts to find efficacious pharmacological treatments. So far, neither designing drugs to disaggregate amyloid plaques nor tackling solely inflammation turned out to be decisive. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, in particular, extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from them could be proposed as an alternative, strategic approach to attack the pathology. Indeed, MSC-EVs-owing to their ability to deliver lipids/proteins/enzymes/microRNAs endowed with anti-inflammatory, amyloid-β degrading, and neurotrophic activities-may be exploited as therapeutic tools to restore synaptic function, prevent neuronal death, and slow down memory impairment in AD. Herein the results presented in the most recently published studies on this topic are critically evaluated, providing a strong rationale for possible employment of MSC-EVs in AD. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/tBtDbnlRUhg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara A Elia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy
| | - Morris Losurdo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Maria L Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy.,CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Italy
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43
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Neurodegeneration and Neuro-Regeneration-Alzheimer's Disease and Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174272. [PMID: 31480448 PMCID: PMC6747457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes many changes in the human body, and is a high risk for various diseases. Dementia, a common age-related disease, is a clinical disorder triggered by neurodegeneration. Brain damage caused by neuronal death leads to cognitive decline, memory loss, learning inabilities and mood changes. Numerous disease conditions may cause dementia; however, the most common one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a futile and yet untreatable illness. Adult neurogenesis carries the potential of brain self-repair by an endogenous formation of newly-born neurons in the adult brain; however it also declines with age. Strategies to improve the symptoms of aging and age-related diseases have included different means to stimulate neurogenesis, both pharmacologically and naturally. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of stem cells neurogenesis or a functional integration of newborn neurons have been explored to provide the basis for grafted stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of AD pathology of different neural and glial cell types and summarizes current strategies of experimental stem cell treatments and their putative future use in clinical settings.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy Improved the Streptozotocin-Induced Behavioral and Hippocampal Impairment in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:600-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Neuro-regeneration Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Dementia: Perspectives on Neurotrophic Activity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:655-668. [PMID: 31402121 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading disorder of memory impairment in our aging population, is increasing at an alarming rate. AD is currently identified by three 'gold standard criteria': (i) dementia in life, (ii) amyloid plaques at autopsy, and (iii) neurofibrillary tangles at autopsy. Several autopsy studies have indicated that dementia in life is a consequence of lost synaptic networks in the brain, while many clinical trials targeting neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) have consistently failed to produce therapeutic effects on memory function in AD patients. Restoring cognitive function(s) by activating endogenous repairing/regenerating mechanisms that are synaptogenic and antiapoptotic (preventing neuronal death), however, is emerging as a necessary disease-modifying therapeutic strategy against AD and possibly for other degenerative dementias, such as Parkinson's disease and multi-infarct dementia.
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46
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Koseoglu E. New treatment modalities in Alzheimer's disease. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1764-1774. [PMID: 31417922 PMCID: PMC6692264 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i14.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still a major public health challenge without an effective treatment to prevent or stop it. Routinely used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine seem to slow disease progression only to a limited extend. Therefore, many investigations on new drugs and other treatment modalities are ongoing in close association with increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we review the studies about the new treatment modalities in AD with a classification based on their main targets, specifically pathologic structures of the disease, amyloid and tau, neural network dysfunction with special interest to the regulation of gamma oscillations, and attempts for the restoration of neural tissue via regenerative medicine. Additionally, we describe the evolving modalities related to gut microbiota, modulation, microglial function, and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Koseoglu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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47
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Umezawa A, Hasegawa A, Inoue M, Tanuma-Takahashi A, Kajiwara K, Makino H, Chikazawa E, Okamoto A. Amnion-derived cells as a reliable resource for next-generation regenerative medicine. Placenta 2019; 84:50-56. [PMID: 31272680 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is composed of the amnion, chorionic plate, villous and smooth chorion, decidua basalis, and umbilical cord. The amnion is a readily obtainable source of a large number of cells and cell types, including epithelium, mesenchyme, and endothelium, and is thus an allogeneic resource for regenerative medicine. Endothelial cells are obtained from large arteries and veins in the amniotic membrane as well as the umbilical cord. The amnion-derived cells exhibit transdifferentiation capabilities, including chondrogenesis and cardiomyogenesis, by introduction of transcription factors, in addition to their original and potential phenotypes. The amnion is also a source for production of induced pluripotent stem cells (AM-iPSCs). The AM-iPSCs exhibit stable phenotypes, such as multipotency and immortality, and a unique gene expression pattern. Through the use of amnion-derived cells, as well as other placenta-derived cells, preclinical proof of concept has been achieved in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Momoko Inoue
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanuma-Takahashi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Hatsune Makino
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Emi Chikazawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
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48
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Omrani MM, Ansari M, Kordestani SS, Kiaie N, Salati A. Enhanced bone marrow stem cell attachment and differentiation on PCL/CNT substrate. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2019.1586723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojtaba Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Kiaie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Salati
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Group, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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49
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Chakari-Khiavi F, Dolati S, Chakari-Khiavi A, Abbaszadeh H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Pourlak T, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Prospects for the application of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Life Sci 2019; 231:116564. [PMID: 31202840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a dementia and neurodegenerative disease, is mostly prevalent among people more than 65 years. AD is mostly manifested in the form of degraded mental function, such as losing memory and impaired cognitive function. Due to inefficiency of traditional pharmacological therapeutic approaches with no long-term cure, cell therapy can be considered as a capable approach in AD management. Therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have provided hopeful results in experimental models regarding several disorders. MSCs enhance the levels of functional recoveries in pathologic experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) and are being investigated in clinical trials in neurological disorders. However, there is limited knowledge on the protective capabilities of MSCs in AD management. Almost, several experiments have suggested positive effects of MSCs and helped to better understand of AD-related dementia mechanism. MSCs have the potential to be used in AD treatment through amyloid-β peptide (AB), Tau protein and cholinergic system. This review aimed to clarify the promising perspective of MSCs in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Chakari-Khiavi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Chakari-Khiavi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Pourlak
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran..
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50
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Hawkins KE, Duchen M. Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:236-253. [PMID: 31171953 PMCID: PMC6545525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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