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Liu Q, He L, Li S, Li F, Deng G, Huang X, Yang M, Xiao Y, Chen X, Ouyang Y, Chen J, Wu X, Wang X, Song L, Lin C. HOMER3 facilitates growth factor-mediated β-Catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and activation to promote metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:6. [PMID: 33407765 PMCID: PMC7788750 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HOMER family scaffolding proteins (HOMER1-3) play critical roles in the development and progression of human disease by regulating the assembly of signal transduction complexes in response to extrinsic stimuli. However, the role of HOMER protein in breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS HOMER3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patient specimens, and its significance in prognosis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The effects of HOMER3 in growth factor-induced β-Catenin activation were analyzed by assays such as TOP/FOP flash reporter, tyrosine phosphorylation assay and reciprocal immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Role of HOMER3 in breast cancer metastasis was determined by cell function assays and mice tumor models. RESULTS Herein, we find that, among the three HOMER proteins, HOMER3 is selectively overexpressed in the most aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and significantly correlates with earlier tumor metastasis and shorter patient survival. Mechanismly, HOMER3 interacts with both c-Src and β-Catenin, thus providing a scaffolding platform to facilitate c-Src-induced β-Catenin tyrosine phosphorylation under growth factor stimulation. HOMER3 promotes β-Catenin nuclear translocation and activation, and this axis is clinically relevant. HOMER3 promotes and is essential for EGF-induced aggressiveness and metastasis of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings identify a novel role of HOMER3 in the transduction of growth factor-mediated β-Catenin activation and suggest that HOMER3 might be a targetable vulnerability of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lixin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guangzheng Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Muwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Lavado LK, Zhang MH, Patel K, Khan S, Patel UK. Biometals as Potential Predictors of the Neurodegenerative Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Cureus 2019; 11:e5573. [PMID: 31695992 PMCID: PMC6820671 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is diagnosed by gradual memory loss and certain cognitive impairments involving attention, reasoning, and language. Most of the research on Alzheimer’s disease focuses on the correlation of its neuropathological changes in the neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyper-phosphorylated tau protein and β-amyloid plaques with respect to cognitive impairment. Its pathology, however, remains incompletely understood. Currently, research has demonstrated that environmental factors such as biometals play a crucial role in exacerbating AD progression. The present review examines the role of metals in AD progression and how metal dyshomeostasis attributes to AD pathogenesis. It was found that certain metals possess both beneficial and harmful properties in terms of AD progression. Depending upon the concentration of the metal of interest, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium have general beneficial properties. However, when present in excess, they can lead to oxidative stress and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, amongst other harmful effects, while calcium and magnesium were seen to have beneficial effects by regulating biometal uptake. In this review, we have provided evidential studies that focus on the involvement of certain metals in antioxidant pathways leading to the formation of reactive species indicative of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle H Zhang
- Psychological & Brain Sciences and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Karan Patel
- Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sohim Khan
- Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Urvish K Patel
- Neurology and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Tong BCK, Wu AJ, Li M, Cheung KH. Calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease & therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1745-1760. [PMID: 30059692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Much attention has been given to develop AD treatments based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis; however, none of these drugs had good efficacy at improving cognitive functions in AD patients suggesting that Aβ might not be the disease origin. Thus, there are urgent needs for the development of new therapies that target on the proximal cause of AD. Cellular calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate important facets of neuronal physiology. An increasing body of evidence suggests that age-related dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis may play a proximal role in the pathogenesis of AD as disrupted Ca2+ could induce synaptic deficits and promote the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given that Ca2+ disruption is ubiquitously involved in all AD pathologies, it is likely that using chemical agents or small molecules specific to Ca2+ channels or handling proteins on the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organelles to correct neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation could open up a new approach to AD prevention and treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ dysregulation with AD pathologies and discusses the possibility of correcting neuronal Ca2+ disruption as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aston Jiaxi Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Cezomycin Is Activated by CalC to Its Ester Form for Further Biosynthesis Steps in the Production of Calcimycin in Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00586-18. [PMID: 29654174 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00586-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcimycin, N-demethyl calcimycin, and cezomycin are polyether divalent cation ionophore secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces chartreusis A thorough understanding of the organization of their encoding genes, biosynthetic pathway(s), and cation specificities is vitally important for their efficient future production and therapeutic use. So far, this has been lacking, as has information concerning any biosynthetic relationships that may exist between calcimycin and cezomycin. In this study, we observed that when a Cal- (calB1 mutant) derivative of a calcimycin-producing strain of S. chartreusis (NRRL 3882) was grown on cezomycin, calcimycin production was restored. This suggested that calcimycin synthesis may have resulted from postsynthetic modification of cezomycin rather than from a de novo process through a novel and independent biosynthetic mechanism. Systematic screening of a number of Cal-S. chartreusis mutants lacking the ability to convert cezomycin to calcimycin allowed the identification of a gene, provisionally named calC, which was involved in the conversion step. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the CalC protein along with its purification to homogeneity and negative-staining electron microscopy allowed the determination of its apparent molecular weight, oligomeric forms in solution, and activity. These experiments allowed us to confirm that the protein possessed ATP pyrophosphatase activity and was capable of ligating coenzyme A (CoA) with cezomycin but not 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. The CalC protein's apparent Km and kcat for cezomycin were observed to be 190 μM and 3.98 min-1, respectively, and it possessed the oligomeric form in solution. Our results unequivocally show that cezomycin is postsynthetically modified to calcimycin by the CalC protein through its activation of cezomycin to a CoA ester form.IMPORTANCE Calcimycin is a secondary metabolite divalent cation-ionophore that has been studied in the context of human health. However, detail is lacking with respect to both calcimycin's biosynthesis and its biochemical/biophysical properties as well as information regarding its, and its analogues', divalent cation binding specificities and other activities. Such knowledge would be useful in understanding how calcimycin and related compounds may be effective in modifying the calcium channel ion flux and might be useful in influencing the homeostasis of magnesium and manganese ions for the cure or control of human and bacterial infectious diseases. The results presented here unequivocally show that CalC protein is essential for the production of calcimycin, which is essentially a derivative of cezomycin, and allow us to propose a biosynthetic mechanism for calcimycin's production.
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Simino J, Wang Z, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Yang Q, Younkin SG, Seshadri S, Fornage M, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH. Whole exome sequence-based association analyses of plasma amyloid-β in African and European Americans; the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Neurocognitive Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180046. [PMID: 28704393 PMCID: PMC5509141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We performed single-variant and gene-based association analyses of plasma amyloid-β (aβ) concentrations using whole exome sequence from 1,414 African and European Americans. Our goal was to identify genes that influence plasma aβ42 concentrations and aβ42:aβ40 ratios in late middle age (mean = 59 years), old age (mean = 77 years), or change over time (mean = 18 years). Methods Plasma aβ measures were linearly regressed onto age, gender, APOE ε4 carrier status, and time elapsed between visits (fold-changes only) separately by race. Following inverse normal transformation of the residuals, seqMeta was used to conduct race-specific single-variant and gene-based association tests while adjusting for population structure. Linear regression models were fit on autosomal variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF)≥1%. T5 burden and Sequence Kernel Association (SKAT) gene-based tests assessed functional variants with MAF≤5%. Cross-race fixed effects meta-analyses were Bonferroni-corrected for the number of variants or genes tested. Results Seven genes were associated with aβ in late middle age or change over time; no associations were identified in old age. Single variants in KLKB1 (rs3733402; p = 4.33x10-10) and F12 (rs1801020; p = 3.89x10-8) were significantly associated with midlife aβ42 levels through cross-race meta-analysis; the KLKB1 variant replicated internally using 1,014 additional participants with exome chip. ITPRIP, PLIN2, and TSPAN18 were associated with the midlife aβ42:aβ40 ratio via the T5 test; TSPAN18 was significant via the cross-race meta-analysis, whereas ITPRIP and PLIN2 were European American-specific. NCOA1 and NT5C3B were associated with the midlife aβ42:aβ40 ratio and the fold-change in aβ42, respectively, via SKAT in African Americans. No associations replicated externally (N = 725). Conclusion We discovered age-dependent genetic effects, established associations between vascular-related genes (KLKB1, F12, PLIN2) and midlife plasma aβ levels, and identified a plausible Alzheimer’s Disease candidate gene (ITPRIP) influencing cell death. Plasma aβ concentrations may have dynamic biological determinants across the lifespan; plasma aβ study designs or analyses must consider age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Simino
- Gertrude C. Ford MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases; Lille, France
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Gertrude C. Ford MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Rizzo V, Touzani K, Raveendra BL, Swarnkar S, Lora J, Kadakkuzha BM, Liu XA, Zhang C, Betel D, Stackman RW, Puthanveettil SV. Encoding of contextual fear memory requires de novo proteins in the prelimbic cortex. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:158-169. [PMID: 28503670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite our understanding of the significance of the prefrontal cortex in the consolidation of long-term memories (LTM), its role in the encoding of LTM remains elusive. Here we investigated the role of new protein synthesis in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in encoding contextual fear memory. METHODS Because a change in the association of mRNAs to polyribosomes is an indicator of new protein synthesis, we assessed the changes in polyribosome-associated mRNAs in the mPFC following contextual fear conditioning (CFC) in the mouse. Differential gene expression in mPFC was identified by polyribosome profiling (n = 18). The role of new protein synthesis in mPFC was determined by focal inhibition of protein synthesis (n = 131) and by intra-prelimbic cortex manipulation (n = 56) of Homer 3, a candidate identified from polyribosome profiling. RESULTS We identified several mRNAs that are differentially and temporally recruited to polyribosomes in the mPFC following CFC. Inhibition of protein synthesis in the prelimbic (PL), but not in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region of the mPFC immediately after CFC disrupted encoding of contextual fear memory. Intriguingly, inhibition of new protein synthesis in the PL 6 hours after CFC did not impair encoding. Furthermore, expression of Homer 3, an mRNA enriched in polyribosomes following CFC, in the PL constrained encoding of contextual fear memory. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify several molecular substrates of new protein synthesis in the mPFC and establish that encoding of contextual fear memories require new protein synthesis in PL subregion of mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Rizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Khalid Touzani
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Bindu L Raveendra
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Supriya Swarnkar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Joan Lora
- Department of Psychology, Center for Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Beena M Kadakkuzha
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York. NY10065. USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York. NY10065. USA
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Metals and Neuronal Metal Binding Proteins Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9812178. [PMID: 26881049 PMCID: PMC4736980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9812178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. Its main pathological hallmark feature is the formation of insoluble protein deposits of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau protein into extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Many of the mechanistic details of this process remain unknown, but a well-established consequence of protein aggregation is synapse dysfunction and neuronal loss in the AD brain. Different pathways including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metal metabolism have been suggested to be implicated in this process. In particular, a body of evidence suggests that neuronal metal ions such as copper, zinc, and iron play important roles in brain function in health and disease states and altered homeostasis and distribution as a common feature across different neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this focused review, we overview neuronal proteins that are involved in AD and whose metal binding properties may underlie important biochemical and regulatory processes occurring in the brain during the AD pathophysiological process.
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Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs in Mn-Exposed Hippocampal Neurons of Sprague-Dawley Rats Ascertained by Microarray: Implications for Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145856. [PMID: 26745496 PMCID: PMC4706437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, while excessive expose may induce neurotoxicity. Recently, lncRNAs have been extensively studied and it has been confirmed that lncRNAs participate in neural functions and aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are involved in neurological diseases. However, the pathological effects of lncRNAs on Mn-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified in Mn-treated hippocampal neurons and control neurons via microarray. Bioinformatic methods and intersection analysis were also employed. Results indicated that 566, 1161, and 1474 lncRNAs meanwhile 1848, 3228, and 4022 mRNAs were aberrantly expressed in low, intermediate, and high Mn-exposed groups compared with the control group, respectively. Go analysis determined that differentially expressed mRNAs were targeted to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Pathway analysis indicated that these mRNAs were enriched in insulin secretion, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Intersection analysis denominated that 135 lncRNAs and 373 mRNAs were consistently up-regulated while 150 lncRNAs and 560 mRNAs were consistently down-regulated. Meanwhile, lncRNA BC079195 was significantly up-regulated while lncRNAs uc.229- and BC089928 were significantly down-regulated in three comparison groups. The relative expression levels of 3 lncRNAs and 4 mRNAs were validated through qRT-PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats. The results may provide evidence on underlying mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, and aberrantly expressed lncRNAs/mRNAs may be useful in further investigations to detect early symptoms of Mn-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in the central nervous system.
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Dalgard CL, Jacobowitz DM, Singh VK, Saleem KS, Ursano RJ, Starr JM, Pollard HB. A novel analytical brain block tool to enable functional annotation of discriminatory transcript biomarkers among discrete regions of the fronto-limbic circuit in primate brain. Brain Res 2015; 1600:42-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen M, Nguyen HT. Our "energy-Ca(2+) signaling deficits" hypothesis and its explanatory potential for key features of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:329. [PMID: 25489296 PMCID: PMC4253736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) has not been explained by any current theories, so new hypotheses are urgently needed. We proposed that "energy and Ca(2+) signaling deficits" are perhaps the earliest modifiable defects in brain aging underlying memory decline and tau deposits (by means of inactivating Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain). Consistent with this hypothesis, we now notice that at least eight other known calpain substrates have also been reported to accumulate in aging and AD. Thus, protein accumulation or aggregation is not a "pathogenic" event, but occurs naturally and selectively to a peculiar family of proteins, and is best explained by calpain inactivation. Why are only calpain substrates accumulated and how can they stay for decades in the brain without being attacked by many other non-specific proteases there? We believe that these long-lasting puzzles can be explained by calpain's unique properties, especially its unusual specificity and exclusivity in substrate recognition, which can protect the substrates from other proteases' attacks after calpain inactivation. Interestingly, our model, in essence, may also explain tau phosphorylation and the formation of amyloid plaques. Our studies suggest that α-secretase is an energy-/Ca(2+)-dual dependent protease and is also the primary determinant for Aβ levels. Therefore, β- and γ-secretases can only play secondary roles and, by biological laws, they are unlikely to be "positively identified". This study thus raises serious questions for policymakers and researchers and these questions may help explain why sAD can remain an enigma today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Aging Research Laboratory, Research and Development Service, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Huey T Nguyen
- Aging Research Laboratory, Research and Development Service, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
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Lobo FA, P Saraiva A. Playing games with the brain: the possible link between anesthesia and Alzheimer's disease revisited. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2014; 61:417-421. [PMID: 25171825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F A Lobo
- Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Geral de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A P Saraiva
- Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Geral de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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