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Marsh DT, Sugiyama A, Imai Y, Kato R, Smid SD. The structurally diverse phytocannabinoids cannabichromene, cannabigerol and cannabinol significantly inhibit amyloid β-evoked neurotoxicity and changes in cell morphology in PC12 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:293-309. [PMID: 37697481 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytocannabinoids (pCBs) have been shown to inhibit the aggregation and neurotoxicity of the neurotoxic Alzheimer's disease protein beta amyloid (Aβ). We characterized the capacity of six pCBs-cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC)-to disrupt Aβ aggregation and protect against Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. METHODS Neuroprotection against lipid peroxidation and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize pCB effects on Aβ aggregation and fluorescence microscopy, with morphometrics and principal component analysis to assess PC12 cell morphology. RESULTS CBD inhibited lipid peroxidation with no significant effect on Aβ toxicity, whilst CBN, CBDV and CBG provided neuroprotection. CBC, CBG and CBN inhibited Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, as did Δ9 -THC, CBD and CBDV. CBC, CBN and CBDV inhibited Aβ aggregation, whilst Δ9 -THC reduced aggregate density. Aβ1-42 induced morphological changes in PC12 cells, including a reduction in neuritic projections and rounded cell morphology. CBC and CBG inhibited this effect, whilst Δ9 -THC, CBD and CBDV did not alter Aβ1-42 effects on cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the neuroprotective activity of CBC, CBG and CBN as novel pCBs associated with variable effects on Aβ-evoked neurite damage and inhibition of amyloid β aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Marsh
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayato Sugiyama
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Imai
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Glyco-core Research (IGCORE), Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Nelson ML, Pfeifer JA, Hickey JP, Collins AE, Kalisch BE. Exploring Rosiglitazone's Potential to Treat Alzheimer's Disease through the Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1042. [PMID: 37508471 PMCID: PMC10376118 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that debilitates over 55 million individuals worldwide. Currently, treatments manage and alleviate its symptoms; however, there is still a need to find a therapy that prevents or halts disease progression. Since AD has been labeled as "type 3 diabetes" due to its similarity in pathological hallmarks, molecular pathways, and comorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is growing interest in using anti-diabetic drugs for its treatment. Rosiglitazone (RSG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that reduces hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin signaling. In cellular and rodent models of T2DM-associated cognitive decline and AD, RSG has been reported to improve cognitive impairment and reverse AD-like pathology; however, results from human clinical trials remain consistently unsuccessful. RSG has also been reported to modulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that regulates neuroplasticity and energy homeostasis and is implicated in both AD and T2DM. The present review investigates RSG's limitations and potential therapeutic benefits in pre-clinical models of AD through its modulation of BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackayla L Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julia A Pfeifer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordan P Hickey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrila E Collins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bettina E Kalisch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Activation of PPARγ Protects Obese Mice from Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:7888937. [PMID: 36213491 PMCID: PMC9534695 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7888937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in increased susceptibility to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is associated with lung protection and is effective in ameliorating ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PPARγ in the lung tissues of obese mice and explore whether the PPARγ-dependent pathway could mediate decreased ALI/ARDS by regulating ER stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Methods We determined PPARγ expression in the lung tissues of normal and obese mice. ALI models of alveolar epithelial cells and of obese mice were used and treated with either PPARγ activator rosiglitazone (RSG) or PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Lung tissue and cell samples were collected to assess lung inflammation and apoptosis, and ER stress and mitochondrial biogenesis were detected. Results PPARγ expression was significantly decreased in the lung tissue of obese mice compared with that in normal mice. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that activation of PPARγ leads to reduced expression of the ER stress marker proteins 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and Caspase12. Conversely, expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) increased. Furthermore, activation of PPARγ is associated with decreased levels of lung inflammation and epithelial apoptosis and increased expression of adiponectin (APN) and mitofusin2 (MFN2). GW9662 bound to PPARγ and blocked its transcriptional activity and then diminished the protective effect of PPARγ on lung tissues. Conclusions PPARγ activation exerts anti-inflammation effects in alveolar epithelia by alleviating ER stress and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, lower levels of PPARγ in the lung tissues of obese mice may lead to an increased susceptibility to ALI.
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Mansour RM, El Sayed NS, Ahmed MAE, El-Sahar AE. Addressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4368-4383. [PMID: 35553009 PMCID: PMC9167199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a partial activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), which regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the PPARγ agonistic property of TEL in several brain disorders. This study aims to explore the neuroprotective impact of TEL in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The PPARγ effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662. 3-NP led to a significant reduction in body weight alongside motor and cognitive functioning. The striata of the 3-NP-treated rats showed energy-deficit, microglia-mediated inflammatory reactions, apoptotic damage as well as histopathological lesions. PIO and TEL improved motor and cognitive perturbations induced by 3-NP, as confirmed by striatal histopathological examination, energy restoration, and neuronal preservation. Both drugs improved mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by elevated mRNA expression of PPARγ, PGC-1α, and TFAM, alongside increased striatal ATP and SDH. The mitochondrial effect of TEL was beyond PPARγ activation. As well, their anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to suppression of microglial activation, and protein expression of pS536 p65 NF-κB with marked attenuation of striatal inflammatory mediator's release. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression was concurrently increased. TEL effectively participated in neuronal survival as it promoted phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β, further increased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited cleavage of caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment with GW9662 partially revoked the beneficial effects of TEL. These findings recommend that TEL improves motor and cognitive performance, while reducing neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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He Z, Li X, Wang Z, Tu S, Feng J, Du X, Ni J, Li N, Liu Q. Esculentoside A alleviates cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-dependent mechanism in an Alzheimer's disease model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153956. [PMID: 35151213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau aggregation, as well as the brain atrophy. Esculentoside A (EsA), a neuroprotective saponin, is isolated from Phytolacca esculenta and shows potent health-promoting effects in a variety of experimental models. However, there are minimal reports on the effects of EsA on triple transgenic AD mice. PURPOSE The current research aimed at investigating the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of EsA on the mitigation of cognitive deficits and pathology in triple transgenic AD mice. METHODS Triple transgenic AD mice (3 × Tg-AD) of 8 months old received intraperitoneal treatment of 5 or 10 mg/kg EsA for 8 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze test and open field test were made to evaluate the cognitive function and degree of anxiety of the mice. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to characterize and to quantify EsA in the blood and brain of mice. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were adopted to measure the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and key proteins in Aβ pathology, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated pathways. The combination of EsA with PPARγ were theoretically calculated by molecular docking programs and experimentally confirmed by the bio-layer interferometry technology. RESULTS Supplemental EsA could improve the cognitive deficits of 3 × Tg-AD mice. EsA penetrated the brain-blood barrier to exert a strong effect on AD mice, evidenced as decreasing Aβ generation, reducing the degrees of oxidative and ER stress, and mitigating neuronal apoptosis through the increase of PPARγ expression. In the culture of primary neurons, addition of PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 eliminated the effects of EsA on AD pathologies. Direct combination of EsA with PPARγ were demonstrated by molecular docking programs and bio-layer interferometry technology. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, these outcomes revealed that EsA could penetrate the brain-blood barrier to exert a strong effect on ameliorating cognitive deficits in 3 × Tg-AD mice and exert neuroprotective effects toward AD pathology via PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Sixin Tu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Rosiglitazone Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury via Inhibiting Mitophagy and Inflammation of Neural Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5583512. [PMID: 35028008 PMCID: PMC8752267 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5583512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury (SCI) are prevalent in clinical practice. Inhibition of hyperactive inflammation and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for SCI. Our previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of rosiglitazone (Rosi) on SCI, but its roles in inflammation inhibition and proliferation of NSCs are unknown. METHODS SCI in a rat model was established, and the effects of Rosi on motor functions were assessed. The effects of Rosi on NSC proliferation and the underlying mechanisms were explored in details. RESULTS We showed that Rosi ameliorated impairment of moto functions in SCI rats, inhibited inflammation, and promoted proliferation of NSCs in vivo. Rosi increased ATP production through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. Rosi reduced mitophagy by downregulating PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) transcription to promote NSC proliferation, which was effectively reversed by an overexpression of PINK1 in vitro. Through KEGG analysis and experimental validations, we discovered that Rosi reduced the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) which was a critical transcription factor of PINK1. Three FOXO1 consensus sequences (FCSs) were found in the first intron of the PINK1 gene, which could be potentially binding to FOXO1. The proximal FCS (chr 5: 156680169-156680185) from the translation start site exerted a more significant influence on PINK1 transcription than the other two FCSs. The overexpression of FOXO1 entirely relieved the inhibition of PINK1 transcription in the presence of Rosi. CONCLUSIONS Besides inflammation inhibition, Rosi suppressed mitophagy by reducing FOXO1 to decrease the transcription of PINK1, which played a pivotal role in accelerating the NSC proliferation.
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PPAR Gamma and Viral Infections of the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168876. [PMID: 34445581 PMCID: PMC8396218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator of metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and cell cycle, and it has been extensively studied in the brain in relation to inflammation or neurodegeneration. Little is known however about its role in viral infections of the brain parenchyma, although they represent the most frequent cause of encephalitis and are a major threat for the developing brain. Specific to viral infections is the ability to subvert signaling pathways of the host cell to ensure virus replication and spreading, as deleterious as the consequences may be for the host. In this respect, the pleiotropic role of PPARγ makes it a critical target of infection. This review aims to provide an update on the role of PPARγ in viral infections of the brain. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of PPARγ in brain or neural cells infected by immunodeficiency virus 1, Zika virus, or human cytomegalovirus. They have provided a better understanding on PPARγ functions in the infected brain, and revealed that it can be a double-edged sword with respect to inflammation, viral replication, or neuronogenesis. They unraveled new roles of PPARγ in health and disease and could possibly help designing new therapeutic strategies.
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Li DD, Wang Y, Kim EL, Hong J, Jung JH. Neuroprotective Effect of Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) Isolated from the Jellyfish-Derived Fungus Aspergillus flavus. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080417. [PMID: 34436256 PMCID: PMC8401322 DOI: 10.3390/md19080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression has been implicated in pathological states such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. We isolated natural PPAR agonists—eight 2,5-diketopiperazines—from the jellyfish-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) was the most potent PPAR-γ activator among the eight 2,5-DKPs identified. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) activated PPAR-γ in Ac2F rat liver cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective effect of this partial PPAR-γ agonist was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase release, and the Hoechst 33342 staining assay in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species. Rhodamine 123 staining and western blotting revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited the activation of mitochondria-related apoptotic proteins, such as caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) inhibited the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Thus, the partial PPAR-γ agonist cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) demonstrated potential neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-dan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Eun La Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jee H. Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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He Z, Song J, Li X, Li X, Zhu H, Wu C, Xiao W, Du X, Ni J, Li N, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) alleviates neuronal apoptosis through regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in a triple transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:551-568. [PMID: 34240269 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) plays a critical role in neuronal apoptosis along with the aggravation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in regulating ER stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD), therefore, this protein could be a promising therapeutic target for AD. Vanadium compounds, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate, sodium metavanadate and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium, are well-known as puissant PPARγ modulators. Thus, we are curious whether bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV) can ameliorate ER stress and subsequent neuronal apoptosis by regulating PPARγ in AD models. To this end, we determined the effect of BEOV on behavioral performance, ER stress and neuronal apoptosis in the triple transgenic mouse AD model (3×Tg-AD). Our results showed that BEOV improved cognitive abilities and reduced the ER stress- and apoptosis-associated proteins in the brains of 3×Tg-AD mice. In vitro administration of BEOV in primary hippocampal neurons and N2asw cells achieved similar results in repressing ER stress. In addition, cotreatment with GW9662 (an antagonist of PPARγ) effectively blocked these neuroprotective effects of BEOV, which provided strong evidence that PPARγ-dependent signaling plays a key role in protecting against ER stress and neuronal apoptosis in AD. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that BEOV alleviated neuronal apoptosis triggered by ER stress by regulating PPARγ in a 3×Tg-AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jianxi Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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Jung J, Kim J, Huh TL, Rhee M. Trim46 contributes to the midbrain development via Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:56-64. [PMID: 33717417 PMCID: PMC7935121 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1889661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM46 is a RING finger E3 ligase which belongs to TRIM (tripartite motif-containing) protein family. TRIM46 is required for neuronal polarity and axon specification by driving the formation of parallel microtubule arrays, whereas its embryological functions remain to be determined yet. Expression patterns and biological functions of trim46a, a zebrafish homologue of TRIM46, were studied in zebrafish embryo. First, maternal transcripts of trim46a were present at 1 cell stage whereas zygotic messages were abundant in the eyes, MHB (Midbrain-Hindbrain Boundary) and hindbrain at 24 hpf (hours post fertilization). Second, transcriptional regulatory region of trim46a contains cis-acting elements binding a transcriptional factor Foxa2. Transcription of foxa2 is positively regulated by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and treatment of cyclopamine, an SHH inhibitor, represses transcription of foxa2 in 4 hpf through 24 hpf embryos. Third, the transcriptional repression of foxa2 inhibited transcription of trim46a to cause developmental defects in the midbrain and MHB. Finally, spatiotemporal expression patterns of a midbrain marker otx2b in the developmental defects confirmed inhibition of SHH by cyclopamine caused underdevelopment of the midbrain and MHB at 24 hpf. We propose a signaling network where trim46a contributes to development of the midbrain and MHB via Foxa2, a downstream element of SHH signaling in zebrafish embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangham Jung
- Department of Life Science, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaehun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungchull Rhee
- Department of Life Science, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Marsh DT, Smid SD. Cannabis Phytochemicals: A Review of Phytocannabinoid Chemistry and Bioactivity as Neuroprotective Agents. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of medical cannabis usage globally, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the chemical diversity of this unique plant. Cannabis produces hundreds of unique phytocannabinoids, which not only have diverse chemical structures but also a range of cellular and molecular actions, interesting pharmacological properties, and biological actions. In addition, it produces other flavonoids, stilbenoids, and terpenes that have been variably described as conferring additional or so-called entourage effects to whole-plant extracts when used in therapeutic settings. This review explores this phytochemical diversity in relation to specific bioactivity ascribed to phytocannabinoids as neuroprotective agents. It outlines emergent evidence for the potential for selected phytocannabinoids and other cannabis phytochemicals to mitigate factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress as drivers of neurotoxicity, in addition to focusing on specific interactions with pathological misfolding proteins, such as amyloid β, associated with major forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Quan Q, Li X, Feng J, Hou J, Li M, Zhang B. Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces β‑amyloid levels by inhibiting CDΚ5‑induced PPARγ phosphorylation in a neuron model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3277-3288. [PMID: 32945455 PMCID: PMC7453505 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have indicated that ginsenoside Rg1, a primary component of ginseng (Panax ginseng), reduces brain Aβ levels in an AD model through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), thereby regulating the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme (Ide) and β-amyloid cleavage enzyme 1 (Bace1), which are PPARγ target genes. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on PPARγ remain unclear. Since cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) mediates PPARγ phosphorylation in adipose tissue, this study aimed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 regulates PPARγ target genes and reduces Aβ levels by inhibiting PPARγ phosphorylation through the CDK5 pathway. In the present study, a model of AD was established by treating primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons with Aβ1-42. The cells were pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 and roscovitine, a CDK5-inhibitor, prior to the treatment with Aβ1-42. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining. PPARγ phosphorylation and protein expression levels of PPARγ, CDK5, IDE, BACE1, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ1-42 were measured by western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, CDK5, IDE, BACE1 and APP were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results of the present study demonstrated that in an AD model induced by Aβ1-42, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly decreased CDK5 expression, inhibited PPARγ phosphorylation at serine 273, elevated IDE expression, downregulated BACE1 and APP expression, decreased Aβ1-42 levels and attenuated neuronal apoptosis. The CDK5 inhibitor, roscovitine, demonstrated similar effects. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 has neuroprotective properties and has potential for use in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jixing Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bingwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Zhou YQ, Liu DQ, Chen SP, Chen N, Sun J, Wang XM, Li DY, Tian YK, Ye DW. PPARγ activation mitigates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via induction of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110356. [PMID: 32535388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) is a dose-limiting side effect and is refractory to widely used analgesic drugs. Previous studies have demonstrated a protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PPARγ) in neuropathic pain. However, whether PPARγ activation could alleviate PINP remains to be elucidated. Our previous study has validated the analgesic effect of oltipraz, an nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, in a rat model of PINP. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rosiglitazone, a selective agonist of PPARγ, could attenuate PINP through induction of Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Paclitaxel was injected intraperitoneally on four alternate days to induce neuropathic pain. Paw withdrawal threshold was used to evaluate mechanical allodynia. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression and distribution of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in the spinal cord. Our results showed that rosiglitazone attenuated established PINP and delayed the onset of PINP via activation of PPARγ, which were reversed by PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Moreover, rosiglitazone inhibited downregulation of PPARγ in the spinal cord of PINP rats. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of rosiglitazone against PINP was abolished by trigonelline, an Nrf2 inhibitor. Finally, rosiglitazone significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the spinal cord of PINP rats. Collectively, these results indicated that PPARγ activation might mitigate PINP through activating spinal Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Our results may provide an alternative option for PINP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJB, Cheng YC, Yen C, Lin CH, Chen SJ, Huang RN. Nanogold Neuroprotection in Human Neural Stem Cells Against Amyloid-beta-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Neuroscience 2020; 435:44-57. [PMID: 32229231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuronal dementia with progressive memory loss. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides has major effect in the neurodegenerative disorder, which are thought to promote mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brains. Anti-AD drugs acting upon the brain are generally difficult to develop, often cause serious side effects or lack therapeutic efficacy. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), including for neuroprotective events and AD. The aim of this study is to understand how AuNPs could exert their neuroprotective role in AD, for which cell model have chosen human neural stem cells (hNSCs) as the experimental tool. We hypothesize AuNPs protect against Aβ-induced cellular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in hNSCs. Here, we show AuNPs increase the survival of hNSCs treated with Aβ via downregulation of caspase 3 and 9 activities. Moreover, AuNPs abrogated the Aβ-mediated decrease neuroprotective (CREB and Bcl-2) and mitochondrial (PGC1α, NRF-1 and Tfam) gene expressions in treated hNSCs. Importantly, co-treatment with AuNPs significantly rescued hNSCs from Aβ-mediated mitochondrial function and morphology. AuNPs also significantly normalizes the immunostaining of mitochondrial marker and mass in differentiated hNSCs with Aβ. The effects may be exerted by the AuNPs, as supported by its protective reversal of Aβ-induced cellular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in hNSCs. In fact, the results presented extend our understanding of the mechanisms through which AuNPs could exert their neuroprotective role in hNSCs treated with Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiahui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC, Yen C, Wang YS, Chiang MC. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol against oxygen glucose deprivation induced mitochondrial dysfunction by activation of AMPK in SH-SY5Y cells with 3D gelatin scaffold. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Quan Q, Qian Y, Li X, Li M. CDK5 Participates in Amyloid-β Production by Regulating PPARγ Phosphorylation in Primary Rat Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:443-460. [PMID: 31403945 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yihua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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17
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An analog derived from phenylpropanoids ameliorates Alzheimer's disease–like pathology and protects mitochondrial function. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Amanzadeh E, Esmaeili A, Rahgozar S, Nourbakhshnia M. Application of quercetin in neurological disorders: from nutrition to nanomedicine. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:555-572. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid, which is frequently found in fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant potential of quercetin has been studied from subcellular compartments, that is, mitochondria to tissue levels in the brain. The neurodegeneration process initiates alongside aging of the neurons. It appears in different parts of the brain as Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies, Pick bodies, and others, which leads to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other diseases. So far, no specific treatment has been identified for these diseases. Despite common treatments that help to prevent the development of disease, the condition of patients with progressive neurodegenerative diseases usually do not completely improve. Currently, the use of flavonoids, especially quercetin for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, has been expanded in animal models. It has also been used to treat animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, improvements in behavioral levels, as well as in cellular and molecular levels, decreased activity of antioxidant and apoptotic proteins, and increased levels of antiapoptotic proteins have been observed. Low bioavailability of quercetin has also led researchers to construct various quercetin-involved nanoparticles. The treatment of animal models of neurodegeneration using quercetin-involved nanoparticles has shown that improvements are observed in shorter periods and with use of lower concentrations. Indeed, intranasal administration of quercetin-involved nanoparticles, constructing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and combinational treatment using nanoparticles such as quercetin and other drugs are suggested for future studies.
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Quan Q, Qian Y, Li X, Li M. Pioglitazone Reduces β Amyloid Levels via Inhibition of PPARγ Phosphorylation in a Neuronal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:178. [PMID: 31379559 PMCID: PMC6650543 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) can regulate the transcription of its target gene, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), and thus enhance the expression of the IDE protein. The protein can degrade β amyloid (Aβ), a core pathological product of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PPARγ can also regulate the transcription of other target gene, β-amyloid cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), and thus inhibit the expression of the BACE1 protein. BACE1 can hydrolyze amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of Aβ. In adipose tissue, PPARγ agonists can inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARγ by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which in turn affects the expression of target genes regulated by PPARγ. PPARγ agonists may also exert inhibitory effects on the phosphorylation of PPARγ in the brain, thereby affecting the expression of the aforementioned PPARγ target genes and reducing Aβ levels. The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARγ agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Aβ1–42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARγ, reduced PPARγ phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARγ and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Aβ1–42 levels. These effects were inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. After CDK5 silencing with CDK5 shRNA, the above effect of pioglitazone was not observed, except when upregulating the expression of PPARγ in Aβ1–42 treated neurons. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARγ in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARγ target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Aβ degradation and reducing Aβ production. This reduced Aβ levels in the brain, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects in an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yihua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Martín-Maestro P, Sproul A, Martinez H, Paquet D, Gerges M, Noggle S, Starkov AA. Autophagy Induction by Bexarotene Promotes Mitophagy in Presenilin 1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8220-8236. [PMID: 31203573 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis defects have been demonstrated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The neurogenesis impairment is an early critical event in the course of familiar AD (FAD) associated with neuronal loss. It was suggested that neurologic dysfunction in AD may be caused by impaired functioning of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Multiple metabolic and structural abnormalities in neural mitochondria have long been suspected to play a critical role in AD pathophysiology. We hypothesize that the cause of such abnormalities could be defective elimination of damaged mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated mitophagy efficacy in a cellular AD model, hiPSC-derived NSCs harboring the FAD-associated PS1 M146L mutation. We found several mitochondrial respiratory chain defects such as lower expression levels of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), cytochrome c reductase (complex III), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), NADH:CoQ reductase (complex I), and also ATP synthase (complex V), most of which had been previously associated with AD. The mitochondrial network morphology and abundance in these cells was aberrant. This was associated with a marked mitophagy failure stemming from autophagy induction blockage, and deregulation of the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We show that treating these cells with autophagy-stimulating drug bexarotene restored autophagy and compensated mitochondrial anomalies in PS1 M146L NSCs, by enhancing the clearance of mitochondria. Our data support the hypothesis that pharmacologically induced mitophagy enhancement is a relevant and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Meri Gerges
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Giampietro L, Gallorini M, De Filippis B, Amoroso R, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. PPAR-γ agonist GL516 reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis occurrence in a rat astrocyte cell line. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:239-245. [PMID: 30946848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The worldwide increase in aging population is prevalently associated with the increase of neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated transcriptional factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily which regulates peroxisome proliferation. The PPAR-γ is the most extensively studied among the three isoforms and the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-γ agonists have been recently demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models of neurological disorders. The aim of the study is to biologically evaluate the neuroprotective effects of new PPAR-γ selective agonists in an in vitro model. MAIN METHODS CTX-TNA2 rat astrocytes were treated with G3335, a PPAR-γ antagonist, to simulate the conditions of a neurological disorder. Newly synthetized PPAR-γ selective agonists were added to the cell culture. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay, catalase activity was investigated by a colorimetric assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and apoptosis occurrence were measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting were performed to measure the levels of protein involved in the apoptotic pathway. KEY FINDINGS Four PPAR-γ agonists were selected. Among them, the GL516, a fibrate derivative, showed low cytotoxicity and proved effective in restoring the catalase activity, reducing ROS production and decreasing the apoptosis occurrence triggered by the G3335 administration. The effects of this molecule appear to be comparable to the reference compound rosiglitazone, a potent and selective PPAR-γ agonist, mainly at prolonged exposure times (96 h). SIGNIFICANCE Based on recent evidence, hypofunctionality of the PPAR-γ in glial cells could be present in neurodegenerative diseases and could participate in pathological mechanisms through peroxisomal damage. The fibrate derivative PPAR-γ agonist GL516 emerged as the most promising molecule of the series and could have a role in preventing the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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Aguareles J, Paraíso-Luna J, Palomares B, Bajo-Grañeras R, Navarrete C, Ruiz-Calvo A, García-Rincón D, García-Taboada E, Guzmán M, Muñoz E, Galve-Roperh I. Oral administration of the cannabigerol derivative VCE-003.2 promotes subventricular zone neurogenesis and protects against mutant huntingtin-induced neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:9. [PMID: 30899454 PMCID: PMC6407204 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of certain cannabinoids provides neuroprotection in models of neurodegenerative diseases by acting through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Many cannabinoid actions in the nervous system are mediated by CB1 receptors, which can elicit psychotropic effects, but other targets devoid of psychotropic activity, including CB2 and nuclear PPARγ receptors, can also be the target of specific cannabinoids. METHODS We investigated the pro-neurogenic potential of the synthetic cannabigerol derivative, VCE-003.2, in striatal neurodegeneration by using adeno-associated viral expression of mutant huntingtin in vivo and mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro. RESULTS Oral administration of VCE-003.2 protected striatal medium spiny neurons from mutant huntingtin-induced damage, attenuated neuroinflammation and improved motor performance. VCE-003.2 bioavailability was characterized and the potential undesired side effects were evaluated by analyzing hepatotoxicity after chronic treatment. VCE-003.2 promoted subventricular zone progenitor mobilization, increased doublecortin-positive migrating neuroblasts towards the injured area, and enhanced effective neurogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrated the proneurogenic activity of VCE-003.2 in embryonic stem cells. VCE-003.2 was able to increase neuroblast formation and striatal-like CTIP2-mediated neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The cannabigerol derivative VCE-003.2 improves subventricular zone-derived neurogenesis in response to mutant huntingtin-induced neurodegeneration, and is neuroprotective by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Aguareles
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Paraíso-Luna
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Palomares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Bajo-Grañeras
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Ruiz-Calvo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Rincón
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Taboada
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km, 9100 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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23
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王 虎, 樊 嘉, 陈 婉, 高 震, 张 桂, 吴 海, 俞 小. [Activation of PPARγ pathway enhances cellular anti-oxidant capacity to protect long-term cultured primary rat neural cells from apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:23-29. [PMID: 30692062 PMCID: PMC6765588 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of enhanced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway against apoptosis of long-term cultured primary nerve cells. METHODS A natural aging model was established in primary rat nerve cells by long-term culture for 22 days. The cells were divided into control group, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L GW9662 intervention groups, and 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L pioglitazone intervention groups. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the cell morphological changes were observed after the treatments to determine the optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone. Double immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry were used to observe the changes in the number of viable cells and cell apoptosis following the treatments; immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the changes in the anti-oxidation ability of the treated cells. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone determined based on the cell viability and morphological changes were both 1 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, GW9662 treatment significantly lowered while pioglitazone significantly increased the total cell number and nerve cell counts (P < 0.05), and nerve cells in the cell cultures maintained a constant ratio at about 80% in all the groups (P > 0.05). GW9662 significantly enhanced while pioglitazone significantly lowered the cell apoptosis rates compared with the control group (P < 0.05). GW9662 obviously lowered SOD activity and GSH content in G group (P < 0.05) and increased MDA content in the cells (P < 0.05), and pioglitazone resulted in reverse changes in SOD, GSH and MDA contents in the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ pathway protects long-term cultured primary nerve cells by enhancing cellular anti-oxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential strategy for anti-aging treatment of the nervous system through intervention of the PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 虎清 王
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 嘉欣 樊
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 婉莹 陈
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 震 高
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 桂莲 张
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 海琴 吴
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 小瑞 俞
- 西安交通大学医学院医学中心生物化学和分子生物学系,陕西 西安 710004Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
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24
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Hsieh YC, Chiang MC, Huang YC, Yeh TH, Shih HY, Liu HF, Chen HY, Wang CP, Cheng YC. Pparα deficiency inhibits the proliferation of neuronal and glial precursors in the zebrafish central nervous system. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1264-1275. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Che Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
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25
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Prenatal Exposure to Benzophenone-3 Impairs Autophagy, Disrupts RXRs/PPARγ Signaling, and Alters Epigenetic and Post-Translational Statuses in Brain Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4820-4837. [PMID: 30402708 PMCID: PMC6647400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The UV absorber benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most extensively used chemical substance in various personal care products. Despite that BP-3 exposure is widespread, knowledge about the impact of BP-3 on the brain development is negligible. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms of prenatal exposure to BP-3 in neuronal cells, with particular emphasis on autophagy and nuclear receptors signaling as well as the epigenetic and post-translational modifications occurring in response to BP-3. To observe the impact of prenatal exposure to BP-3, we administered BP-3 to pregnant mice, and next, we isolated brain tissue from pretreated embryos for primary cell neocortical culture. Our study revealed that prenatal exposure to BP-3 (used in environmentally relevant doses) impairs autophagy in terms of BECLIN-1, MAP1LC3B, autophagosomes, and autophagy-related factors; disrupts the levels of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); alters epigenetic status (i.e., attenuates HDAC and sirtuin activities); inhibits post-translational modifications in terms of global sumoylation; and dysregulates expression of neurogenesis- and neurotransmitter-related genes as well as miRNAs involved in pathologies of the nervous system. Our study also showed that BP-3 has good permeability through the BBB. We strongly suggest that BP-3-evoked effects may substantiate a fetal basis of the adult onset of neurological diseases, particularly schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
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26
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Di Cristo F, Finicelli M, Digilio FA, Paladino S, Valentino A, Scialò F, D'Apolito M, Saturnino C, Galderisi U, Giordano A, Melone MAB, Peluso G. Meldonium improves Huntington's disease mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9233-9246. [PMID: 30362565 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). We assessed possible neuroprotective actions of meldonium, a small molecule affecting mitochondrial fuel metabolism, in in vitro and in vivo HD models. We found that meldonium was able to prevent cytotoxicity induced by serum deprivation, to reduce the accumulation of mutated huntingtin (mHtt) aggregates, and to upregulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in mHTT-expressing cells. The PGC-1α increase was accompanied by the increment of mitochondrial mass and by the rebalancing of mitochondrial dynamics with a promotion of the mitochondrial fusion. Meldonium-induced PGC-1α significantly alleviated motor dysfunction and prolonged the survival of a transgenic HD Drosophila model in which mHtt expression in the nervous system led to progressive motor performance deficits. Our study strongly suggests that PGC-1α, as a master coregulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, energy homeostasis, and antioxidant defense, is a potential therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cristo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Finicelli
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Anna Digilio
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valentino
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Scialò
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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27
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Li F, Guo S, Wang C, Huang X, Wang H, Tan X, Cai Q, Wu J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Lin W, Zhang B. Yiqihuoxue decoction protects against post-myocardial infarction injury via activation of cardiomyocytes PGC-1α expression. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:253. [PMID: 30223807 PMCID: PMC6142634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, exacerbating cardiomyocytes injury in myocardial infarction (MI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC-1α) has been recognized as the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. Yiqihuoxue decoction (YQHX), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription, can prevent and treat ischemic heart disease. However, the mechanisms of YQHX on PGC-1α expression in the ischemic heart have remained unclear. METHODS Myocardial ischemia rat model and ischemia/hypoxia injury model in the cardiomyocytes were used to minic human cardiovascular disease. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Sham, Model, YQHX (8.2 g/kg) and Trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) group. 28 days after MI, cardiac functions and morphology were detected by echocardiography and HE staining, respectively. In vitro, the effects of YQHX on H9c2 cell viability, LDH and ROS were detected, respectively. PGC-1α relevant proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS In vivo, echocardiography and HE staining results showed that YQHX improved cardiac functions and modified pathological changes. YQHX enhanced PGC-1α expression and improved the mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in rats MI model for 4 weeks. Further, we explored its potential mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. In vitro, YQHX significantly enhanced cell viability and reduced LDH release and ROS production induced by hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxic conditions for 12 h induced the downregulation of PGC-1α expression, but the expression levels nearly returned to the normal state after hypoxia for 24 h. YQHX significantly enhanced PGC-1α expression between 12 h and 24 h induced by hypoxia through a mechanism associated with the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. In addition, YQHX upregulated the expression of Tfam and NRF-1, while NRF-1 expression was completely blocked by an AMPK inhibitor. YQHX largely restored the mitochondrial morphology and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in hypoxia-induced injury. Furthermore, the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn analysis found that there were 87 chemical constituents in YQHX. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the protective effect of YQHX on cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury may be attributed to activation of PGC-1α and maintenance of mitochondrial functions through a mechanism involving the activation of AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghe Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Shuwen Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaolou Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaobo Tan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qian Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wangou Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Binyue Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
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28
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Rosiglitazone rescues human neural stem cells from amyloid-beta induced ER stress via PPARγ dependent signaling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Ge M, Zhang Y, Hao Q, Zhao Y, Dong B. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on cognitive deficits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00982. [PMID: 29877067 PMCID: PMC6043701 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally prevalent neurodegenerative disease, clinically characterized by progressive memory loss and gradual impairment of cognitive functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been considered a possible therapeutic method for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no quantitative data synthesis of MSC therapy for AD exists. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the effects of MSCs on cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. METHODS We identified eligible studies published from January 1980 to January 2017 by searching four electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI). The endpoint was the effects of MSCs on cognitive performance evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test including escape latency, and/or number of platform crossing, and/or time in the target quadrant. RESULTS Nine preclinical studies incorporating 225 animals with AD were included for the meta-analysis. The studies indicated that MSC-based treatment significantly improved the learning function through measurements of the escape latency (SMD = -0.99, 95% CI = -1.33 to -0.64, p < .00001). Additionally, we observed that transplantation of MSCs significantly increased the number of platform crossing in six experiments (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.13, p < .0001). What's more, the times in the target quadrant were increased in five studies indicated that transplantation of MSCs could ameliorate the cognitive impairments (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.46 to 1.67, p = .0005). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that MSC transplantation could reduce cognitive deficits in AD models. These findings support the further studies to translate MSCs in the treatment of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ge
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Thermodynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Interplay Between Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway-PPAR Gamma, Energy Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:174-204. [PMID: 29572723 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Entropy production rate is increased by several metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Irreversible processes are quantified by changes in the entropy production rate. This review is focused on the opposing interactions observed in NDs between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma and their metabolic and thermodynamic implications. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPAR gamma is downregulated. In Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is downregulated while PPAR gamma is upregulated. The dysregulation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway is responsible for the modification of thermodynamics behaviors of metabolic enzymes. Upregulation of WNT/beta-catenin pathway leads to aerobic glycolysis, named Warburg effect, through activated enzymes, such as glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1), lactic dehydrogenase kinase-A (LDH-A) and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Downregulation of WNT/beta-catenin pathway leads to oxidative stress and cell death through inactivation of Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, LDH-A but activation of PDH. In addition, in NDs, PPAR gamma is dysregulated, whereas it contributes to the regulation of several key circadian genes. NDs show many dysregulation in the mediation of circadian clock genes and so of circadian rhythms. Thermodynamics rhythms operate far-from-equilibrium and partly regulate interactions between WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma. In NDs, metabolism, thermodynamics and circadian rhythms are tightly interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DRCI, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
- LMA (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications) CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- DRCI, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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31
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Patel H, Giri P, Patel P, Singh S, Gupta L, Patel U, Modi N, Shah K, Jain MR, Srinivas NR, Patel P. Preclinical evaluation of saroglitazar magnesium, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist for treatment of dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1268-1277. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1413264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Poonam Giri
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Prakash Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Laxmikant Gupta
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Urvesh Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Nirav Modi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Kalpesh Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India , and
| | - Mukul R. Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Nuggehally R. Srinivas
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
| | - Pankaj Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India ,
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India , and
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited , Ahmedabad , India
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32
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Wnuk A, Kajta M. Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Signalling in Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112394. [PMID: 29137141 PMCID: PMC5713362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are involved in neural development and in the response of the nervous system to a variety of insults. Apoptosis is responsible for cell elimination, whereas autophagy can eliminate the cells or keep them alive, even in conditions lacking trophic factors. Therefore, both processes may function synergistically or antagonistically. Steroid and xenobiotic receptors are regulators of apoptosis and autophagy; however, their actions in various pathologies are complex. In general, the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors mediate anti-apoptotic signalling, whereas the androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors participate in pro-apoptotic pathways. ER-mediated neuroprotection is attributed to estrogen and selective ER modulators in apoptosis- and autophagy-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and retinopathies. PR activation appeared particularly effective in treating traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries and ischemic stroke. Except for in the retina, activated GR is engaged in neuronal cell death, whereas MR signalling appeared to be associated with neuroprotection. In addition to steroid receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the induction and propagation of apoptosis, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) inhibit this programmed cell death. Most of the retinoid X receptor-related xenobiotic receptors stimulate apoptotic processes that accompany neural pathologies. Among the possible therapeutic strategies based on targeting apoptosis via steroid and xenobiotic receptors, the most promising are the selective modulators of the ER, AR, AHR, PPARγ agonists, flavonoids, and miRNAs. The prospective therapies to overcome neuronal cell death by targeting autophagy via steroid and xenobiotic receptors are much less recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wnuk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kajta
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Gkikas D, Tsampoula M, Politis PK. Nuclear receptors in neural stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4097-4120. [PMID: 28638936 PMCID: PMC11107725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) generate the enormous variety and huge numbers of neuronal and glial cells that provide structural and functional support in the brain and spinal cord. Over the last decades, nuclear receptors and their natural ligands have emerged as critical regulators of NSC homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms of nuclear receptors action in proliferative and differentiation capacities of NSCs. Aberrant expression or function of nuclear receptors in NSCs also contributes to the pathogenesis of various nervous system diseases. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of steroid, non-steroid, and orphan nuclear receptors in NSC fate decisions. These studies establish nuclear receptors as key therapeutic targets in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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Chiang MC, Cheng YC, Nicol CJ, Lin CH. The neuroprotective role of rosiglitazone in advanced glycation end product treated human neural stem cells is PPARgamma-dependent. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Reprogramming energetic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2017; 193:141-152. [PMID: 29079469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Entropy rate is increased by several metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Changes in Gibbs energy, heat production, ionic conductance or intracellular acidity are irreversibles processes which driven modifications of the entropy rate. The present review focusses on the thermodynamic implications in the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism enabling in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the opposite interplay of the molecular signaling pathways WNT/β-catenin and PPARγ. In AD, WNT/β-catenin pathway is downregulated while PPARγ is upregulated. Thermodynamics behaviors of metabolic enzymes are modified by dysregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Downregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to oxidative stress and cell death through inactivation of glycolytic enzymes such as Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, LDH-A but activation of PDH. In addition, in NDs, PPARγ is dysregulated whereas it contributes to the regulation of several key circadian genes. AD is considered as a dissipative structure that exchanges energy or matter with its environment far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics are notions driven by circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms directly participate in regulating the molecular pathways WNT/β-catenin and PPARγ involved in the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism enabling AD processes.
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Effects of prenatal PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone exposure on rat hippocampus development in a time-dependent manner: A stereological and histopathological study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:827-835. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117730883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma. We investigated the effects of prenatally administered rosiglitazone on pyramidal cell numbers and morphologies in the hippocampus at postnatal period using histochemical and stereological techniques, congenital morphological properties and the number of offspring in rats. Eighteen female rats were grouped into control (C), low-dose rosiglitazone (LDR) and high-dose rosiglitazone (HDR). LDR pregnant rats received 2 mg/kg/day of rosiglitazone via oral gavage during the first 16 days of the pregnancy. HDR rats received 5 mg/kg/day. The infants were grouped into newborn (NB), 4 week (4 W) and 12 week (12 W). A side from histopathologic and congenital assessments, stereological analyses were performed using the optical fractionator method. Congenital anomaly was not detected in any of the rosiglitazone treatment groups, and their number of offspring was similar to that of the C group. Stereological counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the C and LDR groups but not in the HDR group until birth to 12th week. When NB groups were compared, the number of pyramidal cells in the HDRNB group was less than those in the LDRNB and CNB groups. HDR affected apoptosis or the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells to the pyramidal neuron during neurodevelopment in the hippocampus, whereas LDR did not adversely affect neuronal development and did not cause congenital anomalies.
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC. Resveratrol activation of AMPK-dependent pathways is neuroprotective in human neural stem cells against amyloid-beta-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 2017; 115:1-10. [PMID: 28989083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive memory loss resulting in dementia. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides play a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease, and are thought to promote inflammation and oxidative stress leading to neurodegeneration in the neocortex and hippocampus of the AD brains. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, and cell survival in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms by which AMPK achieves these beneficial effects in human neural stem cells (hNSCs) exposed to Aβ is still not well understood. Resveratrol is a potent activator of AMPK suggesting it may have therapeutic potential against AD. Therefore, we will test the hypothesis that the AMPK activator resveratrol protects against Aβ mediated neuronal impairment (inflammation and oxidative stress) in hNSCs. Here, Aβ-treated hNSCs had significantly decreased cell viability that correlated with increased TNF-α and IL-1β inflammatory cytokine expression. Co-treatment with resveratrol significantly abrogated the Aβ-mediated effects in hNSCs, and was effectively blocked by the addition of the AMPK-specific antagonist (Compound C). These results suggest the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol are mediated by an AMPK-dependent pathway. In addition, resveratrol rescued the transcript expression levels of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) in Aβ-treated hNSCs. NF-κB is a transcription factor with a key role in the expression of a variety of genes involved in inflammatory responses. Resveratrol prevented the Aβ-mediated increases in NF-κB mRNA and protein levels, and its nuclear translocation in hNSCs. Co-treatment with resveratrol also significantly restored iNOS and COX-2 levels in Aβ-treated hNSCs. Furthermore, hNSCs co-treated with resveratrol were significantly rescued from Aβ-induced oxidative stress, which correlated with reversal of the Aβ-induced mRNA decrease in oxidative defense genes (SOD-1, NRF2, Gpx1, Catalase, GSH and HO-1). Taken together, these novel findings show that activation of AMPK-dependent signaling by resveratrol rescues Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity in hNSCs, and provides evidence supporting a neuroprotective role for AMPK activating drugs in Aβ-related diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher J Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan, 333, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Cheng YC, Nicol CJ, Lin KH, Yen CH, Chiang MC. Activation of AMPK is neuroprotective in the oxidative stress by advanced glycosylation end products in human neural stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:367-373. [PMID: 28821394 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) formation is correlated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal damage, but its links with oxidative stress are still not well understood. Metformin, one of the most widely used anti-diabetic drugs, exerts its effects in part by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Once activated, AMPK regulates many pathways central to metabolism and energy balance including, glucose uptake, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. AMPK is also present in neurons, but its role remains unclear. Here, we show that AGE exposure decreases cell viability of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), and that the AMPK agonist metformin reverses this effect, via AMPK-dependent downregulation of RAGE levels. Importantly, hNSCs co-treated with metformin were significantly rescued from AGE-induced oxidative stress, as reflected by the normalization in levels of reactive oxygen species. In addition, compared to AGE-treated hNSCs, metformin co-treatment significantly reversed the activity and mRNA transcript level changes of SOD1/2 and Gpx. Furthermore, hNSCs exposed to AGEs had significantly lower mRNA levels among other components of normal cellular oxidative defenses (GSH, Catalase and HO-1), which were all rescued by co-treatment with metformin. This metformin-mediated protective effect on hNSCs for of both oxidative stress and oxidative defense genes by co-treatment with metformin was blocked by the addition of an AMPK antagonist (Compound C). These findings unveil the protective role of AMPK-dependent metformin signaling during AGE mediated oxidative stress in hNSCs, and suggests patients undergoing AGE-mediated neurodegeneration may benefit from the novel therapeutic use of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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Li H, Qin T, Li M, Ma S. Thymol improves high-fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in mice via ameliorating brain insulin resistance and upregulating NRF2/HO-1 pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:385-393. [PMID: 27761760 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The impaired insulin signaling has been recognized as a common pathogenetic mechanism between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the progression of AD, brain is characterized by defective insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and increased oxidative stress. Thymol, a monoterpene phenol isolated from medicinal herbs, has exhibited robust neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of thymol on HFD-induced cognitive deficits, and explore the possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 J mice were fed for 12 weeks with either HFD or normal diet. The mice fed with HFD were dosed with metformin (200 mg/kg) or thymol (20, 40 mg/kg) daily. It was observed that thymol treatment significantly reversed the gain of body weight and peripheral insulin resistance induced by HFD. Meanwhile, thymol improved the cognitive impairments in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and decreased HFD-induced Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus, which may be correlated with the inhibition of hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, thymol down-regulated the level of P-Ser307 IRS-1, and hence enhancing the expression of P-Ser473 AKT and P-Ser9 GSK3β. We further found that the protective effects of thymol on cognitive impairments were associated with the up-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathway. In conclusion, thymol exhibited beneficial effects on HFD-induced cognitive deficits through improving hippocampal insulin resistance, and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China PharmaceuticalUniversity, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China PharmaceuticalUniversity, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China PharmaceuticalUniversity, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China PharmaceuticalUniversity, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Chung MM, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC, Lin KH, Chen YL, Pei D, Lin CH, Shih YN, Yen CH, Chen SJ, Huang RN, Chiang MC. Metformin activation of AMPK suppresses AGE-induced inflammatory response in hNSCs. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:75-83. [PMID: 28159472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, T2DM may exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling is an evolutionary preserved pathway that is important during homeostatic energy biogenesis responses at both the cellular and whole-body levels. Metformin, a ubiquitously prescribed anti-diabetic drug, exerts its effects by AMPK activation. However, while the roles of AMPK as a metabolic mediator are generally well understood, its performance in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration are not yet well defined. Given hyperglycemia is accompanied by an accelerated rate of advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) formation, which is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal impairment and, inflammatory response, clarification of the role of AMPK signaling in these processes is needed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that metformin, an AMPK activator, protects against diabetic AGE induced neuronal impairment in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). In the present study, hNSCs exposed to AGE had significantly reduced cell viability, which correlated with elevated inflammatory cytokine expression, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. Co-treatment with metformin significantly abrogated the AGE-mediated effects in hNSCs. In addition, metformin rescued the transcript and protein expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) in AGE-treated hNSCs. NF-κB is a transcription factor with a key role in the expression of a variety of genes involved in inflammatory responses, and metformin did prevent the AGE-mediated increase in NF-κB mRNA and protein levels in the hNSCs exposed to AGE. Indeed, co-treatment with metformin significantly restored inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in AGE-treated hNSCs. These findings extend our understanding of the central role of AMPK in AGE induced inflammatory responses, which increase the risk of neurodegeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dee Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Nuo Shih
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mice by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:291-301. [PMID: 28007537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation represents a promising therapy for central nervous system injuries, but its application to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still limited and the potential mechanism for cognition improvement remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we used Tg2576 mice which express AD-like pathological forms of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) intravenous transplantation on AD mice. Interestingly, hUC-MSCs transplantation significantly ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice without altering Aβ levels in hippocampus. Remarkably, hUC-MSCs transplantation reduced oxidative stress in hippocampus of AD mice by decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing the level of nitric oxide (NO), enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The mechanisms underlying the improved cognitive function may be linked to hippocampal neurogenesis and an up-regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity related proteins levels including silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin (SYN). Taken together, our findings suggest that hUC-MSCs can improve cognition of AD mice by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that modulating hUC-MSCs to generate excess neuroprotective factors could provide a viable therapy to treat AD.
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Hsieh PF, Liu SF, Hung TJ, Hung CY, Liu GZ, Chuang LY, Chen MF, Wang JL, Shi MD, Hsu CH, Shiue YL, Yang YL. Elucidation of the therapeutic role of mitochondrial biogenesis transducers NRF-1 in the regulation of renal fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:23-31. [PMID: 27634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is a newly established risk factor for the development of renal fibrosis. Cell survival and injury repair is facilitated by mitochondrial biogenesis. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) is a transcriptional regulation factor that plays a central role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the transcription factor of this process in renal fibrosis is unknown. Thus, we hereby discussed the correlations of NRF-1 and renal interstitial fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro fibrosis model was established by treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in NRK-49F (Normal Rat kidney fibroblast). We investigated the ROS production, mitochondrial biogenesis and fibrogenic marker (e.q. fibronectin) during the progression of renal fibrosis by kit and Western blotting assay. Here, we used that two distinct mechanisms regulate NRF-1 activation and degradation of NRF-1. NRF-1 was transfect by pcDNA-NRF-1 overexpression gene to evaluate the NRF-1 activity of the therapeutic effect in renal fibrosis. In addition, NRF-1 was silenced by shRNA-NRF-1 to evaluate the significance of NRF-1. ELISA was used to evaluate the secreted fibronectin. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assay the in situ expression of proteins (e.g. fibronectin, NRF-1). RESULTS Under renal fibrosis conditions, TGF-β1 (5ng/ml) increased ROS. Simultaneously, TGF-β1-induced extracellular fibronectin by ELISA assay. In addition, TGF-β1 decreased expression of mitochondrial biogenesis. This is the first time to demonstrate that expression of NRF-1 is significantly decreased in renal fibrosis. However, NRK49F was a transfection with pcDNA-NRF-1 (2μg/ml) expression vector dramatically reverse TGF-β1-induced cellular fibrosis concomitantly with the suppression of fibronectin (both intracellular and extracellular fibronectin). More importantly, transfection with shRNA-NRF-1 (2μg/ml) significantly increased the expression of fibronectin of both intercellular and extracellular origins in NRK-49F cells. DISCUSSION These finding suggest that NRF-1 plays a pivotal role on renal cellular fibrosis. Moreover, NRF-1 might act as a novel renal fibrosis antagonist by down-regulating fibrosis signaling in renal fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ya Hung
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Zheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fen Chen
- Department of Acupressure Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen Hung Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chiang MC, Cheng YC, Chen SJ, Yen CH, Huang RN. Metformin activation of AMPK-dependent pathways is neuroprotective in human neural stem cells against Amyloid-beta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:322-31. [PMID: 27554603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the general consequence of dementia and is diagnostic neuropathology by the cumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein aggregates, which are thought to promote mitochondrial dysfunction processes leading to neurodegeneration. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical regulator of energy homeostasis and a major player in lipid and glucose metabolism, is potentially implied in the mitochondrial deficiency of AD. Metformin, one of the widespread used anti- metabolic disease drugs, use its actions in part by stimulation of AMPK. While the mechanisms of AD are well established, the neuronal roles for AMPK in AD are still not well understood. In the present study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) exposed to Aβ had significantly reduced cell viability, which correlated with decreased AMPK, neuroprotective genes (Bcl-2 and CREB) and mitochondria associated genes (PGC1α, NRF-1 and Tfam) expressions, as well as increased activation of caspase 3/9 activity and cytosolic cytochrome c. Co-treatment with metformin distinct abolished the Aβ-caused actions in hNSCs. Metformin also significantly rescued hNSCs from Aβ-mediated mitochondrial deficiency (lower D-loop level, mitochondrial mass, maximal respiratory function, COX activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Importantly, co-treatment with metformin significantly restored fragmented mitochondria to almost normal morphology in the hNSCs with Aβ. These findings extend our understanding of the central role of AMPK in Aβ-related neuronal impairment. Thus, a better understanding of AMPK might assist in both the recognition of its critical effects and the implementation of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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