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Laczó M, Svatkova R, Lerch O, Martinkovic L, Zuntychova T, Nedelska Z, Horakova H, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczó J. Spatial navigation questionnaires as a supportive diagnostic tool in early Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2024; 27:109832. [PMID: 38779476 PMCID: PMC11108981 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired spatial navigation is early marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined ability of self- and informant-reported navigation questionnaires to discriminate between clinically and biomarker-defined participants, and associations of questionnaires with navigation performance, regional brain atrophy, AD biomarkers, and biomarker status. 262 participants (cognitively normal, with subjective cognitive decline, amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], and mild dementia) and their informants completed three navigation questionnaires. Navigation performance, magnetic resonance imaging volume/thickness of AD-related brain regions, and AD biomarkers were measured. Informant-reported questionnaires distinguished between cognitively normal and impaired participants, and amyloid-β positive and negative aMCI. Lower scores were associated with worse navigation performance, greater atrophy in AD-related brain regions, and amyloid-β status. Self-reported questionnaire scores did not distinguish between the groups and were weakly associated with navigation performance. Other associations were not significant. Informant-reported navigation questionnaires may be a screening tool for early AD reflecting atrophy of AD-related brain regions and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Svatkova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Martinkovic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Terezie Zuntychova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Horakova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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2
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Rajagopal SK, Beltz AM, Hampstead BM, Polk TA. Estimating individual trajectories of structural and cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment for early prediction of progression to dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12906. [PMID: 38839800 PMCID: PMC11153588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a third of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). Identifying biomarkers that distinguish individuals with MCI who will progress to DAT (MCI-Converters) from those who will not (MCI-Non-Converters) remains a key challenge in the field. In our study, we evaluate whether the individual rates of loss of volumes of the Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) with age in the MCI stage can predict progression to DAT. Using data from 758 MCI patients in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Database, we employ Linear Mixed Effects (LME) models to estimate individual trajectories of regional brain volume loss over 12 years on average. Our approach involves three key analyses: (1) mapping age-related volume loss trajectories in MCI-Converters and Non-Converters, (2) using logistic regression to predict progression to DAT based on individual rates of hippocampal and EC volume loss, and (3) examining the relationship between individual estimates of these volumetric changes and cognitive decline across different cognitive functions-episodic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive function. We find that the loss of Hippocampal volume is significantly more rapid in MCI-Converters than Non-Converters, but find no such difference in EC volumes. We also find that the rate of hippocampal volume loss in the MCI stage is a significant predictor of conversion to DAT, while the rate of volume loss in the EC and other additional regions is not. Finally, individual estimates of rates of regional volume loss in both the Hippocampus and EC, and other additional regions, correlate strongly with individual rates of cognitive decline. Across all analyses, we find significant individual variation in the initial volumes and the rates of changes in volume with age in individuals with MCI. This study highlights the importance of personalized approaches in predicting AD progression, offering insights for future research and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriene M Beltz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thad A Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Jiang L, Robin J, Shing N, Mazloum-Farzaghi N, Ladyka-Wojcik N, Balakumar N, Anderson ND, Ryan JD, Barense MD, Olsen RK. Impaired perceptual discrimination of complex objects in older adults at risk for dementia. Hippocampus 2024; 34:197-203. [PMID: 38189156 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tau pathology accumulates in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) during the earliest stages of the Alzheimer's disease (AD), appearing decades before clinical diagnosis. Here, we leveraged perceptual discrimination tasks that target PRC function to detect subtle cognitive impairment even in nominally healthy older adults. Older adults who did not have a clinical diagnosis or subjective memory complaints were categorized into "at-risk" (score <26; n = 15) and "healthy" (score ≥26; n = 23) groups based on their performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The task included two conditions known to recruit the PRC: faces and complex objects (greebles). A scene condition, known to recruit the hippocampus, and a size control condition that does not rely on the MTL were also included. Individuals in the at-risk group were less accurate than those in the healthy group for discriminating greebles. Performance on either the face or size control condition did not predict group status above and beyond that of the greeble condition. Visual discrimination tasks that are sensitive to PRC function may detect early cognitive decline associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Jiang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Robin
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathanael Shing
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Niroja Balakumar
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Chen Y, Branch A, Shuai C, Gallagher M, Knierim JJ. Object-place-context learning impairment correlates with spatial learning impairment in aged Long-Evans rats. Hippocampus 2024; 34:88-99. [PMID: 38073523 PMCID: PMC10843702 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is vulnerable to the process of normal aging. In humans, the extent of this age-related deterioration varies among individuals. Long-Evans rats replicate these individual differences as they age, and therefore they serve as a valuable model system to study aging in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases. In the Morris water maze, aged memory-unimpaired (AU) rats navigate to remembered goal locations as effectively as young rats and demonstrate minimal alterations in physiological markers of synaptic plasticity, whereas aged memory-impaired (AI) rats show impairments in both spatial navigation skills and cellular and molecular markers of plasticity. The present study investigates whether another cognitive domain is affected similarly to navigation in aged Long-Evans rats. We tested the ability of young, AU, and AI animals to recognize novel object-place-context (OPC) configurations and found that performance on the novel OPC recognition paradigm was significantly correlated with performance on the Morris water maze. In the first OPC test, young and AU rats, but not AI rats, successfully recognized and preferentially explored objects in novel OPC configurations. In a second test with new OPC configurations, all age groups showed similar OPC associative recognition memory. The results demonstrated similarities in the behavioral expression of associative, episodic-like memory between young and AU rats and revealed age-related, individual differences in functional decline in both navigation and episodic-like memory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Branch
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecelia Shuai
- Undergraduate Studies, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Knierim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Barth C, Crestol A, de Lange AMG, Galea LAM. Sex steroids and the female brain across the lifespan: insights into risk of depression and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:926-941. [PMID: 37865102 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most preclinical studies have focused on males only, and clinical studies often analyse data by covarying for sex, ignoring relevant differences between the sexes. This sex- (and gender)-neutral approach is biased and contributes to the absence of targeted treatments and services for all sexes (and genders). Female health has been historically understudied, with grave consequences for their wellbeing and health equity. In this Review, we spotlight female brain health across the lifespan by informing on the role of sex steroids, particularly oestradiol, on the female brain and on risk for diseases more prevalent in females, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arielle Crestol
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Steventon JJ, Lancaster TM, Baker ES, Bracher-Smith M, Escott-Price V, Ruth KS, Davies W, Caseras X, Murphy K. Menopause age, reproductive span and hormone therapy duration predict the volume of medial temporal lobe brain structures in postmenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106393. [PMID: 37774659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy is correlated with risk and severity of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and cognitive decline. Increasing evidence suggest that oestrogens affect the aging of MTL structures. Here we investigate the relationship between reproductive hormone exposure, polygenic scores for AD risk and oestradiol concentration, MTL anatomy and cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. To this end, we used data from 10,924 female participants in the UK Biobank from whom brain MRI and genetic data were available. We fitted linear regression models to test whether the volume of structures comprising the MTL were predicted by a) timing related to menopause, b) the use and timing of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and c) polygenic scores for AD risk and oestradiol concentration. Results showed that longer use of HRT was associated with larger parahippocampal volumes (2.53 mm3/year, p = 0.042). A later age of natural menopause, and a longer reproductive span, was associated with larger hippocampal (6.08 and 5.72 mm3/year, p = 0.0006 and 0.0005), parahippocampal (4.17 mm3 and 4.19 mm3/year, p = 0.00006 and 0.00001), amygdala (2.10 and 2.22 mm3/year, p = 0.028 and 0.01) and perirhinal cortical (2.56 and 2.95 mm3/year, p = 0.028 and 0.008) volumes. Superior prospective memory performance was associated with later age at natural menopause, and a longer reproductive span (ß = 0.05 and 0.05 respectively, p = 0.019 and 0.019). Polygenic scores for AD risk and for oestradiol concentration were not associated with MTL volume and did not interact with menopause-related factors to affect MTL structure. Our results suggest that HRT use did not have any detrimental effects on cognition or brain structure, whilst greater exposure to reproductive hormones across time is associated both with slightly larger volumes of specific MTL structures and marginally superior memory performance, independent of genetic risk for AD and genetic predisposition for higher oestradiol levels. However, the clinical utility of maintenance of oestrogens post-menopause for brain health and protection against cognitive decline is curtailed by the small effect sizes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Simmonds Baker
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Matthew Bracher-Smith
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3 Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - William Davies
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK.
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, UK; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK
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7
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Frick A, Besson G, Salmon E, Delhaye E. Perirhinal cortex is associated with fine-grained discrimination of conceptually confusable objects in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 130:1-11. [PMID: 37419076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PrC) stands among the first brain areas to deteriorate in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study tests to what extent the PrC is involved in representing and discriminating confusable objects based on the conjunction of their perceptual and conceptual features. To this aim, AD patients and control counterparts performed 3 tasks: a naming, a recognition memory, and a conceptual matching task, where we manipulated conceptual and perceptual confusability. A structural MRI of the antero-lateral parahippocampal subregions was obtained for each participant. We found that the sensitivity to conceptual confusability was associated with the left PrC volume in both AD patients and control participants for the recognition memory task, while it was specifically associated with the volume of the left PrC in AD patients for the conceptual matching task. This suggests that a decreased volume of the PrC is related to the ability to disambiguate conceptually confusable items. Therefore, testing recognition memory or conceptual matching of easily conceptually confusable items can provide a potential cognitive marker of PrC atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Frick
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gabriel Besson
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emma Delhaye
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Hanssen KS, Witter MP, Sandvig A, Sandvig I, Kobro-Flatmoen A. Dissection and culturing of adult lateral entorhinal cortex layer II neurons from APP/PS1 Alzheimer model mice. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 390:109840. [PMID: 36948358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary neuronal cultures enable cell-biological studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), albeit typically non-neuron-specific. The first cortical neurons affected in AD reside in layer II of the lateralmost part of the entorhinal cortex, and they undergo early accumulation of intracellular amyloid-β, form subsequent tau pathology, and start degenerating pre-symptomatically. These vulnerable entorhinal neurons uniquely express the glycoprotein reelin and provide selective inputs to the hippocampal memory system. Gaining a more direct access to study these neurons is therefore highly relevant. NEW METHOD We demonstrate a methodological approach for dissection and long-term culturing of adult lateral entorhinal layer II-neurons from AD-model mice. RESULTS We maintain adult dissected lateralmost entorhinal layer II-neurons beyond two months in culture. We show that they express neuronal markers, and that they are electrophysiologically active by 15 days in vitro and continuing beyond 2 months. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Primary neurons are typically harvested from embryonic or early postnatal brains because such neurons are easier to culture compared to adult neurons. Methods to culture adult primary neurons have been reported, however, to our knowledge, culturing of adult entorhinal neuron-type specific primary neurons from AD-model animals have not been reported. CONCLUSIONS Our methodological approach offers a window to study initial pathological changes in the AD disease-cascade. This includes the study of proteinopathy, single-neuron changes, and network-level dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Sjaastad Hanssen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Umeå University Hospital, Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav´s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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Bouffard NR, Golestani A, Brunec IK, Bellana B, Park JY, Barense MD, Moscovitch M. Single voxel autocorrelation uncovers gradients of temporal dynamics in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex during rest and navigation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3265-3283. [PMID: 36573396 PMCID: PMC10388386 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During navigation, information at multiple scales needs to be integrated. Single-unit recordings in rodents suggest that gradients of temporal dynamics in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex support this integration. In humans, gradients of representation are observed, such that granularity of information represented increases along the long axis of the hippocampus. The neural underpinnings of this gradient in humans, however, are still unknown. Current research is limited by coarse fMRI analysis techniques that obscure the activity of individual voxels, preventing investigation of how moment-to-moment changes in brain signal are organized and how they are related to behavior. Here, we measured the signal stability of single voxels over time to uncover previously unappreciated gradients of temporal dynamics in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Using our novel, single voxel autocorrelation technique, we show a medial-lateral hippocampal gradient, as well as a continuous autocorrelation gradient along the anterolateral-posteromedial entorhinal extent. Importantly, we show that autocorrelation in the anterior-medial hippocampus was modulated by navigational difficulty, providing the first evidence that changes in signal stability in single voxels are relevant for behavior. This work opens the door for future research on how temporal gradients within these structures support the integration of information for goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Bouffard
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3650 Baycrest Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Ali Golestani
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Iva K Brunec
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3720 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Buddhika Bellana
- Department of Psychology, Glendon College—York University, 2275 Bayview Ave, North York, ON M4N 3M6, Canada
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3650 Baycrest Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3650 Baycrest Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
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10
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Zhu H, Zhu H, Liu X, Wei F, Li H, Guo Z. The Characteristics of Entorhinal Cortex Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Depression. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-129980. [PMID: 36872356 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230303093112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which decreases the life quality of both patients and caregivers. There are currently no effective drugs. It is therefore important to explore the pathogenesis of depression in AD patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the entorhinal cortex (EC) functional connectivity (FC) in the whole brain neural network of AD patients with depression (D-AD). METHODS Twenty-four D-AD patients, 14 AD patients without depression (nD-AD), and 20 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We set the EC as the seed and used FC analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine FC differences among the three groups. RESULTS Using the left EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the left EC-inferior occipital gyrus. Using the right EC as the seed point, there were FC differences among the three groups in the right EC-middle frontal gyrus, -superior parietal gyrus, -superior medial frontal gyrus, and -precentral gyrus. Compared with the nD-AD group, the D-AD group had increased FC between the right EC and right postcentral gyrus. CONCLUSION Asymmetry of FC in the EC and increased FC between the EC and right postcentral gyrus may be important in the pathogenesis of depression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokai Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, China-USA Neuroimaging Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Fuquan Wei
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Huichao Li
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
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11
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Fritch HA, Moo LR, Sullivan MA, Thakral PP, Slotnick SD. Impaired cognitive performance in older adults is associated with deficits in item memory and memory for object features. Brain Cogn 2023; 166:105957. [PMID: 36731194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is associated with damage to the perirhinal/entorhinal cortex, and consequently, deficits in item/object memory. However, cognitive assessments commonly used to identify individuals with aMCI require a clinician to administer and interpret the test. We developed a novel self-administered global cognitive assessment, called the Cognitive Assessment via Keyboard (CAKe). To assess the relationship between CAKe performance and perirhinal/entorhinal cortex-dependent memory function, participants completed the CAKe, a feature source memory task, and a context memory task. During the memory tasks, participants studied line drawings with either a green or orange internal color (feature memory runs) or external color (context memory runs) and then classified each item as old and previously presented with a "green" or "orange" color, or "new". CAKe scores were correlated with item memory accuracies and source memory accuracies on both tasks. Participants with 'impaired' CAKe performance had worse item memory and worse feature source memory accuracies than those with 'normal' CAKe performance. These results demonstrate specific deficits in item memory and feature source memory and suggest that our assessments may be a valid predictor of aMCI memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Fritch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States.
| | - Lauren R Moo
- New England Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States
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12
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Gellersen HM, Trelle AN, Farrar BG, Coughlan G, Korkki SM, Henson RN, Simons JS. Medial temporal lobe structure, mnemonic and perceptual discrimination in healthy older adults and those at risk for mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:88-106. [PMID: 36516558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive tests sensitive to the integrity of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), such as mnemonic discrimination of perceptually similar stimuli, may be useful early markers of risk for cognitive decline in older populations. Perceptual discrimination of stimuli with overlapping features also relies on MTL but remains relatively unexplored in this context. We assessed mnemonic discrimination in two test formats (Forced Choice, Yes/No) and perceptual discrimination of objects and scenes in 111 community-dwelling older adults at different risk status for cognitive impairment based on neuropsychological screening. We also investigated associations between performance and MTL sub-region volume and thickness. The at-risk group exhibited reduced entorhinal thickness and impaired perceptual and mnemonic discrimination. Perceptual discrimination impairment partially explained group differences in mnemonic discrimination and correlated with entorhinal thickness. Executive dysfunction accounted for Yes/No deficits in at-risk adults, demonstrating the importance of test format for the interpretation of memory decline. These results suggest that perceptual discrimination tasks may be useful tools for detecting incipient cognitive impairment related to reduced MTL integrity in nonclinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Gellersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gillian Coughlan
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saana M Korkki
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Zhou R, Belge T, Wolbers T. Reaching the Goal: Superior Navigators in Late Adulthood Provide a Novel Perspective into Successful Cognitive Aging. Top Cogn Sci 2023; 15:15-45. [PMID: 35582831 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is typically associated with declines in navigation and spatial memory abilities. However, increased interindividual variability in performance across various navigation/spatial memory tasks is also evident with advancing age. In this review paper, we shed the spotlight on those older individuals who exhibit exceptional, sometimes even youth-like navigational/spatial memory abilities. Importantly, we (1) showcase observations from existing studies that demonstrate superior navigation/spatial memory performance in late adulthood, (2) explore possible cognitive correlates and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these preserved spatial abilities, and (3) discuss the potential link between the superior navigators in late adulthood and SuperAgers (older adults with superior episodic memory). In the closing section, given the lack of studies that directly focus on this subpopulation, we highlight several important directions that future studies could look into to better understand the cognitive characteristics of older superior navigators and the factors enabling such successful cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Zhou
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Tuğçe Belge
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
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14
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James LM, Leuthold AC, Georgopoulos AP. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Modulates the Dependence on Age of the Variability of Synchronous Neural Interactions. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231159658. [PMID: 36969700 PMCID: PMC10037734 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231159658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence documented a protective effect of Class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*13 on brain health across the lifespan including evidence of reduced neural network variability relative to non-carriers. Here, in an extension of those findings, we evaluated the influence of a large number of Class I and Class II HLA alleles on aging-related changes in neural network variability. Cognitively healthy women (N = 178) ranging in age from 28 to 99 years old underwent a magnetoencephalography scan from which neural network variability was calculated and provided a blood sample from which HLA and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype were determined. The primary analyses assessed the dependence of network variability on age in carriers of a specific HLA allele compared to non-carriers. Effects were considered protective if there was a significant increase of network variability with age in the absence of a given HLA allele but not in its presence, and were considered to confer susceptibility if the converse was documented; HLA alleles that did not influence the dependence of network variability on age in their presence or absence were considered neutral. Of 50 alleles investigated, 22 were found to be protective, 7 were found to confer susceptibility, and 21 were neutral. The frequencies of those 50 alleles were not associated significantly with ApoE genotype. The findings, which document the influence of HLA on age-related brain changes and highlight the role of HLA in healthy brain function, are discussed in terms of the role of HLA in the human immune response to foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Lisa M James, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Brain Sciences Center (11B), Minneapolis
VAHCS, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
| | - Arthur C Leuthold
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Rizvi B, Sathishkumar M, Kim S, Márquez F, Granger SJ, Larson MS, Miranda BA, Hollearn MK, McMillan L, Nan B, Tustison NJ, Lao PJ, Brickman AM, Greenia D, Corrada MM, Kawas CH, Yassa MA. Posterior white matter hyperintensities are associated with reduced medial temporal lobe subregional integrity and long-term memory in older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 37:103308. [PMID: 36586358 PMCID: PMC9830310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities are a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease that are strongly related to cognition in older adults. Similarly, medial temporal lobe atrophy is well-documented in aging and Alzheimer's disease and is associated with memory decline. Here, we assessed the relationship between lobar white matter hyperintensities, medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, and hippocampal memory in older adults. We collected MRI scans in a sample of 139 older adults without dementia (88 females, mean age (SD) = 76.95 (10.61)). Participants were administered the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Regression analyses tested for associations among medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, regional white matter hyperintensities and memory, while adjusting for age, sex, and education and correcting for multiple comparisons. Increased occipital white matter hyperintensities were related to worse RAVLT delayed recall performance, and to reduced CA1, dentate gyrus, perirhinal cortex (Brodmann area 36), and parahippocampal cortex volumes. These medial temporal lobe subregional volumes were related to delayed recall performance. The association of occipital white matter hyperintensities with delayed recall performance was fully mediated statistically only by perirhinal cortex volume. These results suggest that white matter hyperintensities may be associated with memory decline through their impact on medial temporal lobe atrophy. These findings provide new insights into the role of vascular pathologies in memory loss in older adults and suggest that future studies should further examine the neural mechanisms of these relationships in longitudinal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Rizvi
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Soyun Kim
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Freddie Márquez
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Granger
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Myra S Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Blake A Miranda
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martina K Hollearn
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bin Nan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrick J Lao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Greenia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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16
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Adams JN, Kim S, Rizvi B, Sathishkumar M, Taylor L, Harris AL, Mikhail A, Keator DB, McMillan L, Yassa MA. Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit Integrity Is Related to Mnemonic Discrimination and Amyloid-β Pathology in Older Adults. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8742-8753. [PMID: 36302636 PMCID: PMC9671577 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1165-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic discrimination, a cognitive process that relies on hippocampal pattern separation, is one of the first memory domains to decline in aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. We tested whether functional connectivity (FC) within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit, measured with high-resolution resting state fMRI, is associated with mnemonic discrimination and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in a sample of 64 cognitively normal human older adults (mean age, 71.3 ± 6.4 years; 67% female). FC was measured between entorhinal-hippocampal circuit nodes with known anatomical connectivity, as well as within cortical memory networks. Aβ pathology was measured with 18F-florbetapir-PET, and neurodegeneration was assessed with subregional volume from structural MRI. Participants performed both object and spatial versions of a mnemonic discrimination task outside of the scanner and were classified into low-performing and high-performing groups on each task using a median split. Low object mnemonic discrimination performance was specifically associated with increased FC between anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) and dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3, supporting the importance of this connection to object memory. This hyperconnectivity between alEC and DG/CA3 was related to Aβ pathology and decreased entorhinal cortex volume. In contrast, spatial mnemonic discrimination was not associated with altered FC. Aβ was further associated with dysfunction within hippocampal subfields, particularly with decreased FC between CA1 and subiculum as well as reduced volume in these regions. Our findings suggest that Aβ may indirectly lead to memory impairment through entorhinal-hippocampal circuit dysfunction and neurodegeneration and provide a mechanism for increased vulnerability of object mnemonic discrimination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mnemonic discrimination is a critical episodic memory process that is performed in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, relying on input from entorhinal cortex. Mnemonic discrimination is particularly vulnerable to decline in older adults; however, the mechanisms behind this vulnerability are still unknown. We demonstrate that object mnemonic discrimination impairment is related to hyperconnectivity between the anterolateral entorhinal cortex and DG/CA3. This hyperconnectivity was associated with amyloid-β pathology and neurodegeneration in entorhinal cortex, suggesting aberrantly increased network activity is a pathological process. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation of the vulnerability of object compared to spatial mnemonic discrimination in older adults and has translational implications for choice of outcome measures in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Adams
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Soyun Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Batool Rizvi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Lisa Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Alyssa L Harris
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Abanoub Mikhail
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - David B Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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17
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Tsentidou G, Moraitou D, Tsolaki M. Emotion Recognition in a Health Continuum: Comparison of Healthy Adults of Advancing Age, Community Dwelling Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors and People Diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13366. [PMID: 36293946 PMCID: PMC9602834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of basic emotions plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to survival. In neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired at early stages of the disease, such as the stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, as regards vascular pathologies related to cognitive impairment, very little is known about emotion recognition in people bearing vascular risk factors (VRF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine emotion recognition ability in the health continuum "healthy advancing age-advancing age with VRF-MCI". The sample consisted of 106 adults divided in three diagnostic groups; 43 adults with MCI, 41 adults bearing one or more VRF, and 22 healthy controls of advancing age (HC). Since HC were more educated and younger than the other two groups, the age-group and level of educational were taken into account in the statistical analyses. A dynamic visual test was administered to examine recognition of basic emotions and emotionally neutral conditions. The results showed only a significant diagnostic group x educational level interaction as regards total emotion recognition ability, F (4, 28.910) = 4.117 p = 0.004 η2 = 0.166. High educational level seems to contribute to a high-level-emotion-recognition-performance both in healthy adults of advancing age and in adults bearing vascular risk factors. Medium educational level appears to play the same role only in healthy adults. Neither educational level can help MCI people to enhance their significantly lower emotion recognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Tsentidou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Laczó M, Martinkovic L, Lerch O, Wiener JM, Kalinova J, Matuskova V, Nedelska Z, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczó J. Different Profiles of Spatial Navigation Deficits In Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker-Positive Versus Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:886778. [PMID: 35721017 PMCID: PMC9201637 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.886778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSpatial navigation impairment is a promising cognitive marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can reflect the underlying pathology.ObjectivesWe assessed spatial navigation performance in AD biomarker positive older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (AD aMCI) vs. those AD biomarker negative (non-AD aMCI), and examined associations between navigation performance, MRI measures of brain atrophy, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.MethodsA total of 122 participants with AD aMCI (n = 33), non-AD aMCI (n = 31), mild AD dementia (n = 28), and 30 cognitively normal older adults (CN) underwent cognitive assessment, brain MRI (n = 100 had high-quality images for volumetric analysis) and three virtual navigation tasks focused on route learning (body-centered navigation), wayfinding (world-centered navigation) and perspective taking/wayfinding. Cognitively impaired participants underwent CSF biomarker assessment [amyloid-β1–42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181)] and amyloid PET imaging (n = 47 and n = 45, respectively), with a subset having both (n = 19).ResultsIn route learning, AD aMCI performed worse than non-AD aMCI (p < 0.001), who performed similarly to CN. In wayfinding, aMCI participants performed worse than CN (both p ≤ 0.009) and AD aMCI performed worse than non-AD aMCI in the second task session (p = 0.032). In perspective taking/wayfinding, aMCI participants performed worse than CN (both p ≤ 0.001). AD aMCI and non-AD aMCI did not differ in conventional cognitive tests. Route learning was associated with parietal thickness and amyloid-β1–42, wayfinding was associated with posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume and p-tau181 and perspective taking/wayfinding was correlated with MRI measures of several brain regions and all CSF biomarkers.ConclusionAD biomarker positive and negative older adults with aMCI had different profiles of spatial navigation deficits that were associated with posterior MTL and parietal atrophy and reflected AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Martinkovic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan M. Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kalinova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Laczó
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19
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Davison C, Weeks J, Grady C, Hasher L, Buchsbaum B. Influence of target-distractor neural similarity on working memory performance in older and younger adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:463-482. [PMID: 35168500 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2036682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults often fail to selectively inhibit distractors and attend to relevant information in working memory, leading to poorer memory of target items but better recall of irrelevant distractors compared to younger adults. Here, we explored how neural similarity of activity patterns between relevant and irrelevant stimulus categories impacts memory performance. We found evidence that older adults may benefit from failing to inhibit distractors that are similar to targets, perhaps because sustained neural activation of distractors partially supports maintenance of targets when they share neural resources, allowing for better subsequent recognition of studied target items. We also found increased category-specific multivoxel pattern activity in medial temporal regions in younger compared to older adults as category similarity increased. We propose that this reduced category-specific activation in medial temporal regions in older adults may reflect more blended representations of all the information available in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Davison
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Weeks
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Cheryl Grady
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Bradley Buchsbaum
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
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20
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Ryan JD, Wynn JS, Shen K, Liu ZX. Aging changes the interactions between the oculomotor and memory systems. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:418-442. [PMID: 34856890 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.2007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of multi-modal approaches, particularly in conjunction with multivariate analytic techniques, can enrich models of cognition, brain function, and how they change with age. Recently, multivariate approaches have been applied to the study of eye movements in a manner akin to that of neural activity (i.e., pattern similarity). Here, we review the literature regarding multi-modal and/or multivariate approaches, with specific reference to the use of eyetracking to characterize age-related changes in memory. By applying multi-modal and multivariate approaches to the study of aging, research has shown that aging is characterized by moment-to-moment alterations in the amount and pattern of visual exploration, and by extension, alterations in the activity and function of the hippocampus and broader medial temporal lobe (MTL). These methodological advances suggest that age-related declines in the integrity of the memory system has consequences for oculomotor behavior in the moment, in a reciprocal fashion. Age-related changes in hippocampal and MTL structure and function may lead to an increase in, and change in the patterns of, visual exploration in an effort to upregulate the encoding of information. However, such visual exploration patterns may be non-optimal and actually reduce the amount and/or type of incoming information that is bound into a lasting memory representation. This research indicates that age-related cognitive impairments are considerably broader in scope than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Ryan
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordana S Wynn
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Kelly Shen
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn MI, USA
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21
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Scene memory and hippocampal volume in middle-aged women with early hormone loss. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Snytte J, Fenerci C, Rajagopal S, Beaudoin C, Hooper K, Sheldon S, Olsen RK, Rajah MN. Volume of the posterior hippocampus mediates age-related differences in spatial context memory and is correlated with increased activity in lateral frontal, parietal and occipital regions in healthy aging. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119164. [PMID: 35381338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with episodic memory decline, particularly in the ability to encode and retrieve object-context associations (context memory). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have highlighted the importance of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in supporting episodic memory across the lifespan. However, given the functional heterogeneity of the MTL, volumetric declines in distinct regions may impact performance on specific episodic memory tasks, and affect the function of the large-scale neurocognitive networks supporting episodic memory encoding and retrieval. In the current study, we investigated how MTL structure may mediate age-related differences in performance on spatial and temporal context memory tasks, in a sample of 125 healthy adults aged 19-76 years old. Standard T1-weighted MRIs were segmented into the perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, as well as the anterior and posterior hippocampal subregions. We observed negative linear and quadratic associations between age and volume of the parahippocampal cortex, and anterior and posterior hippocampal subregions. We also found that volume of the posterior hippocampus fully mediated the association between age and spatial, but not temporal context memory performance. Further, we employed a multivariate behavior partial-least-squares analysis to assess how age and regional MTL volumes correlated with brain activity during the encoding and retrieval of spatial context memories. We found that greater activity within lateral prefrontal, parietal, and occipital regions, as well as within the anterior MTL was related to older age and smaller volume of the posterior hippocampus. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of MTL contributions to episodic memory across the lifespan and provide support for the posterior-anterior shift in aging, and scaffolding theory of aging and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Snytte
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Can Fenerci
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Camille Beaudoin
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kiera Hooper
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Room 2114, CIC Pavilion, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Verdun, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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23
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Mazloum-Farzaghi N, Shing N, Mendoza L, Barense MD, Ryan JD, Olsen RK. The impact of aging and repetition on eye movements and recognition memory. AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, AND COGNITION 2022; 30:402-428. [PMID: 35189778 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2039587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of gaze fixations on neural activity in the hippocampus, a region critical for memory, has been shown to be weaker in older adults compared to younger adults. However, as such research has relied on indirect measures of memory, it remains unclear whether the relationship between visual exploration and direct measures of memory is similarly disrupted in aging. The current study tested older and younger adults on a face memory eye-tracking task previously used by our group that showed that recognition memory for faces presented across variable, but not fixed, viewpoints relies on a hippocampal-dependent binding function. Here, we examined how aging influences eye movement measures that reveal the amount (cumulative sampling) and extent (distribution of gaze fixations) of visual exploration. We also examined how aging influences direct (subsequent conscious recognition) and indirect (eye movement repetition effect) expressions of memory. No age differences were found in direct recognition regardless of facial viewpoint. However, the eye movement measures revealed key group differences. Compared to younger adults, older adults exhibited more cumulative sampling, a different distribution of fixations, and a larger repetition effect. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between cumulative sampling and direct recognition in younger adults, but not older adults. Neither age group showed a relationship between the repetition effect and direct recognition. Thus, despite similar direct recognition, age-related differences were observed in visual exploration and in an indirect eye-movement memory measure, suggesting that the two groups may acquire, retain, and use different facial information to guide recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathanael Shing
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne Mendoza
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan D. Barense
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosanna K. Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Stepler KE, Gillyard TR, Reed CB, Avery TM, Davis JS, Robinson RA. ABCA7, a Genetic Risk Factor Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk in African Americans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:5-19. [PMID: 35034901 PMCID: PMC10984370 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
African American/Black adults are twice as likely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Genetics partially contributes to this disparity in AD risk, among other factors, as there are several genetic variants associated with AD that are more prevalent in individuals of African or European ancestry. The phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7) gene has stronger associations with AD risk in individuals with African ancestry than in individuals with European ancestry. In fact, ABCA7 has been shown to have a stronger effect size than the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele in African American/Black adults. ABCA7 is a transmembrane protein involved in lipid homeostasis and phagocytosis. ABCA7 dysfunction is associated with increased amyloid-beta production, reduced amyloid-beta clearance, impaired microglial response to inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review explores the impact of ABCA7 mutations that increase AD risk in African American/Black adults on ABCA7 structure and function and their contributions to AD pathogenesis. The combination of biochemical/biophysical and 'omics-based studies of these variants needed to elucidate their downstream impact and molecular contributions to AD pathogenesis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taneisha R. Gillyard
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Calla B. Reed
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tyra M. Avery
- Fisk University Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamaine S. Davis
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renã A.S. Robinson
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Laczó M, Lerch O, Martinkovic L, Kalinova J, Markova H, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczó J. Spatial Pattern Separation Testing Differentiates Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker-Positive and Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:774600. [PMID: 34899277 PMCID: PMC8662816 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.774600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), and basal forebrain (BF) are among the earliest regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. They play an essential role in spatial pattern separation, a process critical for accurate discrimination between similar locations. Objective: We examined differences in spatial pattern separation performance between older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) with AD versus those with non-Alzheimer’s pathologic change (non-AD) and interrelations between volumes of the hippocampal, EC subregions and BF nuclei projecting to these subregions (medial septal nuclei and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca – Ch1-2 nuclei) with respect to performance. Methods: Hundred and eighteen older adults were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study. Participants with AD aMCI (n = 37), non-AD aMCI (n = 26), mild AD dementia (n = 26), and cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 29) underwent spatial pattern separation testing, cognitive assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The AD aMCI group had less accurate spatial pattern separation performance than the non-AD aMCI (p = 0.039) and CN (p < 0.001) groups. The AD aMCI and non-AD groups did not differ in other cognitive tests. Decreased BF Ch1-2 volume was indirectly associated with worse performance through reduced hippocampal tail volume and reduced posteromedial EC and hippocampal tail or body volumes operating in serial. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that spatial pattern separation testing differentiates AD biomarker positive and negative older adults with aMCI and provides evidence that BF Ch1-2 nuclei influence spatial pattern separation through the posteromedial EC and the posterior hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Martinkovic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Kalinova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Markova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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26
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Tran TT, Speck CL, Gallagher M, Bakker A. Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Dysfunction in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 112:151-160. [PMID: 35182842 PMCID: PMC8976714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex is the site of some of the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, including neuronal, synaptic and volumetric loss. Specifically, the lateral entorhinal cortex shows significant accumulation of tau neurofibrillary tangles in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) phase of Alzheimer's disease. Although decreased entorhinal cortex activation has been observed in patients with aMCI in the context of impaired memory function, it remains unclear if functional changes in the entorhinal cortex can be localized to the lateral or medial entorhinal cortex. To assess subregion specific changes in the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex, patients with aMCI and healthy aged-matched control participants underwent high-resolution structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with aMCI showed significantly reduced volume, and decreased activation localized to the lateral entorhinal cortex but not the medial entorhinal cortex. These results show that structural and functional changes associated with impaired memory function differentially engage the lateral entorhinal cortex in patients with aMCI, consistent with the locus of early disease related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline L Speck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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27
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The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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28
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Du J, Liang P, He H, Tong Q, Gong T, Qian T, Sun Y, Zhong J, Li K. Reproducibility of volume and asymmetry measurements of hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex on traveling volunteers: a multisite MP2RAGE prospective study. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:1381-1390. [PMID: 33121264 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120963919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisite studies can considerably increase the pool of normally aging individuals with neurodegenerative disorders and thereby expedite the associated research. Understanding the reproducibility of the parameters of related brain structures-including the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex-in multisite studies is crucial in determining the impact of healthy aging or neurodegenerative diseases. PURPOSE To estimate the reproducibility of the fascinating structures by automatic (FreeSurfer) and manual segmentation methods in a well-controlled multisite dataset. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three traveling individuals were scanned at 10 sites, which were equipped with the same equipment (3T Prisma Siemens). They used the same scan protocol (two inversion-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequences) and operators. Validity coefficients (intraclass correlations coefficient [ICC]) and spatial overlap measures (Dice Similarity Coefficient [DSC]) were used to estimate the reproducibility of multisite data. RESULTS ICC and DSC values varied substantially among structures and segmentation methods, and values of manual tracing were relatively higher than the automated method. ICC and DSC values of structural parameters were greater than 0.80 and 0.60 across sites, as determined by manual tracing. Low reproducibility was observed in the amygdala parameters by automatic segmentation method (ICC = 0.349-0.529, DSC = 0.380-0.873). However, ICC and DSC scores of the hippocampus were higher than 0.60 and 0.65 by two segmentation methods. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a well-controlled multisite study could provide a reliable MRI dataset. Manual tracing of volume assessments is recommended for low reproducibility structures that require high levels of precision in multisite studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Du
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peipeng Liang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiqi Tong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ting Gong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tianyi Qian
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, PR China
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29
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Olajide OJ, Chapman CA. Amyloid-β (1-42) peptide induces rapid NMDA receptor-dependent alterations at glutamatergic synapses in the entorhinal cortex. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:296-309. [PMID: 34144329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) accumulate amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) that promote neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease, but the early effects of Aβ on excitatory synaptic transmission in the EC have not been well characterized. To assess the acute effects of Aβ1-42 on glutamatergic synapses, acute brain slices from wildtype rats were exposed to Aβ1-42 or control solution for 3 hours, and tissue was analyzed using protein immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Presynaptically, Aβ1-42 induced marked reductions in synaptophysin, synapsin-2a mRNA, and mGluR3 mRNA, and increased both VGluT2 protein and Ca2+-activated channel KCa2.2 mRNA levels. Postsynaptically, Aβ1-42 reduced PSD95 and GluN2B protein, and also downregulated GluN2B and GluN2A mRNA, without affecting scaffolding elements SAP97 and PICK1. mGluR5 mRNA was strongly increased, while mGluR1 mRNA was unaffected. Blocking either GluN2A- or GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors did not significantly prevent synaptic changes induced by Aβ1-42, but combined blockade did prevent synaptic alterations. These findings demonstrate that Aβ1-42 rapidly disrupts glutamatergic transmission in the EC through mechanisms involving concurrent activation of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clifton Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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30
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Pritschet L, Taylor CM, Santander T, Jacobs EG. Applying dense-sampling methods to reveal dynamic endocrine modulation of the nervous system. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021; 40:72-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tran T, Tobin KE, Block SH, Puliyadi V, Gallagher M, Bakker A. Effect of aging differs for memory of object identity and object position within a spatial context. Learn Mem 2021; 28:239-247. [PMID: 34131055 PMCID: PMC8212778 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053181.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable focus on investigating age-related memory changes in cognitively healthy older adults, in the absence of neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have reported age-related domain-specific changes in older adults, showing increased difficulty encoding and processing object information but minimal to no impairment in processing spatial information compared with younger adults. However, few of these studies have examined age-related changes in the encoding of concurrently presented object and spatial stimuli, specifically the integration of both spatial and nonspatial (object) information. To more closely resemble real-life memory encoding and the integration of both spatial and nonspatial information, the current study developed a new experimental paradigm with novel environments that allowed for the placement of different objects in different positions within the environment. The results show that older adults have decreased performance in recognizing changes of the object position within the spatial context but no significant differences in recognizing changes in the identity of the object within the spatial context compared with younger adults. These findings suggest there may be potential age-related differences in the mechanisms underlying the representations of complex environments and furthermore, the integration of spatial and nonspatial information may be differentially processed relative to independent and isolated representations of object and spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Tobin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Sophia H. Block
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Vyash Puliyadi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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32
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Vyleta NP, Snyder JS. Prolonged development of long-term potentiation at lateral entorhinal cortex synapses onto adult-born neurons. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253642. [PMID: 34143843 PMCID: PMC8213073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical period plasticity at adult-born neuron synapses is widely believed to contribute to the learning and memory functions of the hippocampus. Experience regulates circuit integration and for a transient interval, until cells are ~6 weeks old, new neurons display enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) at afferent and efferent synapses. Since neurogenesis declines substantially with age, this raises questions about the extent of lasting plasticity offered by adult-born neurons. Notably, however, the hippocampus receives sensory information from two major cortical pathways. Broadly speaking, the medial entorhinal cortex conveys spatial information to the hippocampus via the medial perforant path (MPP), and the lateral entorhinal cortex, via the lateral perforant path (LPP), codes for the cues and items that make experiences unique. While enhanced critical period plasticity at MPP synapses is relatively well characterized, no studies have examined long-term plasticity at LPP synapses onto adult-born neurons, even though the lateral entorhinal cortex is uniquely vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's pathology. We therefore investigated LTP at LPP inputs both within (4-6 weeks) and beyond (8+ weeks) the traditional critical period. At immature stages, adult-born neurons did not undergo significant LTP at LPP synapses, and often displayed long-term depression after theta burst stimulation. However, over the course of 3-4 months, adult-born neurons displayed increasingly greater amounts of LTP. Analyses of short-term plasticity point towards a presynaptic mechanism, where transmitter release probability declines as cells mature, providing a greater dynamic range for strengthening synapses. Collectively, our findings identify a novel form of new neuron plasticity that develops over an extended interval, and may therefore be relevant for maintaining cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Vyleta
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason S. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kobro-Flatmoen A, Lagartos-Donate MJ, Aman Y, Edison P, Witter MP, Fang EF. Re-emphasizing early Alzheimer's disease pathology starting in select entorhinal neurons, with a special focus on mitophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101307. [PMID: 33621703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal-hippocampal system contains distinct networks subserving declarative memory. This system is selectively vulnerable to changes of ageing and pathological processes. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a pivotal component of this memory system since it serves as the interface between the neocortex and the hippocampus. EC is heavily affected by the proteinopathies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These appear in a stereotypical spatiotemporal manner and include increased levels of intracellular amyloid-beta Aβ (iAβ), parenchymal deposition of Aβ plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing abnormally processed Tau. Increased levels of iAβ and the formation of NFTs are seen very early on in a population of neurons belonging to EC layer II (EC LII), and recent evidence leads us to believe that this population is made up of highly energy-demanding reelin-positive (RE+) projection neurons. Mitochondria are fundamental to the energy supply, metabolism, and plasticity of neurons. Evidence from AD postmortem brain tissues supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the initial pathological events in AD, and this is likely to take place in the vulnerable RE + EC LII neurons. Here we review and discuss these notions, anchored to the anatomy of AD, and formulate a hypothesis attempting to explain the vulnerability of RE + EC LII neurons to the formation of NFTs. We attempt to link impaired mitochondrial clearance to iAβ and signaling involving both apolipoprotein 4 and reelin, and argue for their relevance to the formation of NFTs specifically in RE + EC LII neurons during the prodromal stages of AD. We believe future studies on these interactions holds promise to advance our understanding of AD etiology and provide new ideas for drug development.
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Nellessen N, Onur OA, Richter N, Jacobs HIL, Dillen KNH, Reutern BV, Langen KJ, Fink GR, Kukolja J. Differential neural structures, intrinsic functional connectivity, and episodic memory in subjective cognitive decline and healthy controls. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:159-173. [PMID: 34090179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline (SCD; i.e., without objectifiable deficit) remain to be elucidated. Possible causes of SCD include early neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer's disease or functional and structural changes related to sub-clinical depression. We investigated the relationship between episodic memory performance or memory complaints and structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in participants with SCD (n=18) but without psychiatric disorders and healthy controls (n=31). In SCD, memory complaints were not associated with memory performance but with sub-clinical depression and executive functions. SCD-associated memory complaints correlated with higher amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus (specifically subiculum) gray matter density. In controls, but not in SCD, mesiotemporal gray matter density and superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity predicted memory performance. In contrast, in SCD, only a trend toward a correlation between memory performance and gray matter density in the parietooccipital lobes was observed. In our memory-clinic sample of SCD, we did not observe incipient neurodegeneration (limited to structural and functional MRI) but rather sub-clinical depression underlying subjective cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Nellessen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Oezguer A Onur
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nils Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim N H Dillen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Boris von Reutern
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl J Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Torres P, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. The Causal Role of Lipoxidative Damage in Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Dysfunction Linked to Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050388. [PMID: 33923074 PMCID: PMC8147054 DOI: 10.3390/life11050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current shreds of evidence point to the entorhinal cortex (EC) as the origin of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in the cerebrum. Compared with other cortical areas, the neurons from this brain region possess an inherent selective vulnerability derived from particular oxidative stress conditions that favor increased mitochondrial molecular damage with early bioenergetic involvement. This alteration of energy metabolism is the starting point for subsequent changes in a multitude of cell mechanisms, leading to neuronal dysfunction and, ultimately, cell death. These events are induced by changes that come with age, creating the substrate for the alteration of several neuronal pathways that will evolve toward neurodegeneration and, consequently, the development of AD pathology. In this context, the present review will focus on description of the biological mechanisms that confer vulnerability specifically to neurons of the entorhinal cortex, the changes induced by the aging process in this brain region, and the alterations at the mitochondrial level as the earliest mechanism for the development of AD pathology. Current findings allow us to propose the existence of an altered allostatic mechanism at the entorhinal cortex whose core is made up of mitochondrial oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and energy production, and which, in a positive loop, evolves to neurodegeneration, laying the basis for the onset and progression of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Pascual Torres
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.J.); (N.M.-M.); (P.T.); (V.A.); (M.P.-O.)
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (R.P.)
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Reduced Repetition Suppression in Aging is Driven by Tau-Related Hyperactivity in Medial Temporal Lobe. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3917-3931. [PMID: 33731446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2504-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau deposition begins in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and MTL neural dysfunction is commonly observed in these groups. However, the association between tau and MTL neural activity has not been fully characterized. We investigated the effects of tau on repetition suppression, the reduction of activity for repeated stimulus presentations compared to novel stimuli. We used task-based functional MRI (fMRI) to assess MTL subregional activity in 21 young adults (YA) and 45 cognitively normal human older adults (OA; total sample: 37 females, 29 males). AD pathology was measured with position emission tomography (PET), using 18F-Flortaucipir for tau and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) for amyloid-β (Aβ). The MTL was segmented into six subregions using high-resolution structural images. We compared the effects of low tau pathology, restricted to entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (Tau- OA), to high tau pathology, also occurring in temporal and limbic regions (Tau+ OA). Low levels of tau (Tau- OA vs YA) were associated with reduced repetition suppression activity specifically in anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) and hippocampus, the first regions to accumulate tau. High tau pathology (Tau+ vs Tau- OA) was associated with widespread reductions in repetition suppression across MTL. Further analyses indicated that reduced repetition suppression was driven by hyperactivity to repeated stimuli, rather than decreased activity to novel stimuli. Increased activation was associated with entorhinal tau, but not Aβ. These findings reveal a link between tau deposition and neural dysfunction in MTL, in which tau-related hyperactivity prevents deactivation to repeated stimuli, leading to reduced repetition suppression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Abnormal neural activity occurs in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because tau pathology first deposits in the MTL in aging, this altered activity may be due to local tau pathology, and distinct MTL subregions may be differentially vulnerable. We demonstrate that in older adults (OAs) with low tau pathology, there are focal alterations in activity in MTL subregions that first develop tau pathology, while OAs with high tau pathology have aberrant activity throughout MTL. Tau was associated with hyperactivity to repeated stimulus presentations, leading to reduced repetition suppression, the discrimination between novel and repeated stimuli. Our data suggest that tau deposition is related to abnormal activity in MTL before the onset of cognitive decline.
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Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Olajide OJ, Suvanto ME, Chapman CA. Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex that underlie its selective vulnerability during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio056796. [PMID: 33495355 PMCID: PMC7860115 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a vital component of the medial temporal lobe, and its contributions to cognitive processes and memory formation are supported through its extensive interconnections with the hippocampal formation. During the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), many of the earliest degenerative changes are seen within the EC. Neurodegeneration in the EC and hippocampus during AD has been clearly linked to impairments in memory and cognitive function, and a growing body of evidence indicates that molecular and functional neurodegeneration within the EC may play a primary role in cognitive decline in the early phases of AD. Defining the mechanisms underlying molecular neurodegeneration in the EC is crucial to determining its contributions to the pathogenesis of AD. Surprisingly few studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms of molecular neurodegeneration and selective vulnerability within the EC. However, there have been advancements indicating that early dysregulation of cellular and molecular signaling pathways in the EC involve neurodegenerative cascades including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glia activation, stress kinases activation, and neuronal loss. Dysfunction within the EC can impact the function of the hippocampus, which relies on entorhinal inputs, and further degeneration within the hippocampus can compound this effect, leading to severe cognitive disruption. This review assesses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying early degeneration in the EC during AD. These mechanisms may underlie the selective vulnerability of neuronal subpopulations in this brain region to the disease development and contribute both directly and indirectly to cognitive loss.This paper has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, PMB 1515
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Marcus E Suvanto
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Clifton Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4B 1R6
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Arruda F, Rosselli M, Greig MT, Loewenstein DA, Lang M, Torres VL, Vélez-Uribe I, Conniff J, Barker WW, Curiel RE, Adjouadi M, Duara R. The Association Between Functional Assessment and Structural Brain Biomarkers in an Ethnically Diverse Sample With Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:51-61. [PMID: 32890393 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the functional activities questionnaire (FAQ) and brain biomarkers (bilateral hippocampal volume [HV], bilateral entorhinal volume [ERV], and entorhinal cortical thickness [ERT]) in cognitively normal (CN) individuals, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia. METHOD In total, 226 participants (137 females; mean age = 71.76, SD = 7.93; Hispanic Americans = 137; European Americans = 89) were assessed with a comprehensive clinical examination, a neuropsychological battery, a structural magnetic resonance imaging, and were classified as CN or diagnosed with MCI or dementia. Linear regression analyses examined the association between functional activities as measured by the FAQ on brain biomarkers, including HV, ERV, and ERT, controlling for age, education, global cognition, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS The FAQ significantly predicted HV, ERV, and ERT for the entire sample. However, this association was not significant for ERV and ERT when excluding the dementia group. The FAQ score remained a significant predictor of HV for the non-dementia group. Age, education, gender, ethnicity, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and FAQ were also significant predictors of HV for the overall sample, suggesting that younger Hispanic females with fewer years of education, higher global mental status, and better functioning, were more likely to have larger HV. CONCLUSION FAQ scores were related to HV in older adults across clinical groups (CN, MCI, and dementia), but its association with the entorhinal cortex was driven by individuals with dementia. Demographic variables, including ethnicity, additionally influenced these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Arruda
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Mónica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA.,1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Greig
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - David A Loewenstein
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Merike Lang
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Valeria L Torres
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Idaly Vélez-Uribe
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Conniff
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Warren W Barker
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Rosie E Curiel
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Malek Adjouadi
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Engineering Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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Pishdadian S, Hoang NV, Baker S, Moscovitch M, Rosenbaum RS. Not only memory: Investigating the sensitivity and specificity of the Mnemonic Similarity Task in older adults. Neuropsychologia 2020; 149:107670. [PMID: 33157087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mnemonic discrimination, the process of distinguishing highly similar items in memory, relies on the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) has been shown to be a sensitive behavioral measure of mnemonic discrimination that is in wide use (Liu et al., 2016). In this study, we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the MST in community-dwelling older adults who were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a well-established screening measure for cognitive impairment. Using regression analyses, we tested a sample of 94 participants to determine whether MoCA overall score, MoCA score without the delayed recall subscale score, MoCA delayed recall subscale score, and MoCA status (MoCA score below or above the cut-off of 26/30) predicted MST lure discrimination performance. Regression models showed that all measures - except the MoCA delayed recall score - were significant predictors of MST lure discrimination performance. Our results support the sensitivity of the MST in detecting general cognitive decline but call into question the specificity of the MST with respect to memory and hippocampal function in a healthy older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pishdadian
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, 4700 Keele Street, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.
| | - N V Hoang
- Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, 100 St. George St, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - S Baker
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, 4700 Keele Street, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - M Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, 100 St. George St, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - R S Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, 4700 Keele Street, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.
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Anterolateral entorhinal cortex volume is associated with memory retention in clinically unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:134-145. [PMID: 33278686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex is subdivided into anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) and posteromedial entorhinal cortex (pmERC) subregions, which are theorized to support distinct cognitive roles. This distinction is particularly important as the alERC is one of the earliest cortical regions affected by Alzheimer's pathology and related neurodegeneration. The relative associations of alERC/pmERC with neuropsychological test performance have not been examined. We examined how alERC/pmERC volumes differentially relate to performance on 1) the Modified Rey Auditory Learning Test (ModRey), a verbal memory test designed to assess normal/preclinical populations, 2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and 3) the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center neuropsychological battery. We also examined whether alERC/pmERC volumes correlate with Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. In 65 cognitively healthy (CDR = 0) older adults, alERC, but not pmERC, volume was associated with ModRey memory retention. Only alERC volume differentiated between participants who scored above and below the MoCA cutoff score for impairment. Evaluating the MoCA subdomains revealed that alERC was particularly associated with verbal recall. On the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center battery, both alERC and pmERC volumes were associated with Craft story recall and Benson figure copy, but only alERC volume was associated with Craft story retention and semantic fluency. Neither alERC nor pmERC volume correlated with CSF levels of amyloid or tau, and regression analyses showed that alERC volume and CSF amyloid levels were independently associated with ModRey retention performance. Taken together, these results suggest that the alERC is important for memory performance and that alERC volume differences are related to a pattern of neuropsychological test performance (i.e., impairments in episodic memory and semantic fluency) typically seen in clinical Alzheimer's disease.
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Taylor CM, Pritschet L, Olsen RK, Layher E, Santander T, Grafton ST, Jacobs EG. Progesterone shapes medial temporal lobe volume across the human menstrual cycle. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Holbrook AJ, Tustison NJ, Marquez F, Roberts J, Yassa MA, Gillen DL. Anterolateral entorhinal cortex thickness as a new biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12068. [PMID: 32875052 PMCID: PMC7447874 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II neurons represents the earliest Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesion in the brain. Research suggests differing functional roles between two EC subregions, the anterolateral EC (aLEC) and the posteromedial EC (pMEC). METHODS We use joint label fusion to obtain aLEC and pMEC cortical thickness measurements from serial magnetic resonance imaging scans of 775 ADNI-1 participants (219 healthy; 380 mild cognitive impairment; 176 AD) and use linear mixed-effects models to analyze longitudinal associations among cortical thickness, disease status, and cognitive measures. RESULTS Group status is reliably predicted by aLEC thickness, which also exhibits greater associations with cognitive outcomes than does pMEC thickness. Change in aLEC thickness is also associated with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels. DISCUSSION Thinning of aLEC is a sensitive structural biomarker that changes over short durations in the course of AD and tracks disease severity-it is a strong candidate biomarker for detection of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Holbrook
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical ImagingUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Freddie Marquez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jared Roberts
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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44
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Snytte J, Elshiekh A, Subramaniapillai S, Manning L, Pasvanis S, Devenyi GA, Olsen RK, Rajah MN. The ratio of posterior–anterior medial temporal lobe volumes predicts source memory performance in healthy young adults. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1209-1227. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Snytte
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Abdelhalim Elshiekh
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Lyssa Manning
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Cerebral Imaging Centre Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Devenyi
- Cerebral Imaging Centre Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rosanna K. Olsen
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Maria Natasha Rajah
- Cerebral Imaging Centre Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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45
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Familiarity for entities as a sensitive marker of antero-lateral entorhinal atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2020; 128:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Weeks JC, Grady CL, Hasher L, Buchsbaum BR. Holding On to the Past: Older Adults Show Lingering Neural Activation of No-Longer-Relevant Items in Working Memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1946-1962. [PMID: 32573381 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Goal-relevant information can be maintained in working memory over a brief delay interval to guide an upcoming decision. There is also evidence suggesting the existence of a complementary process: namely, the ability to suppress information that is no longer relevant to ongoing task goals. Moreover, this ability to suppress or inhibit irrelevant information appears to decline with age. In this study, we compared younger and older adults undergoing fMRI on a working memory task designed to address whether the modulation of neural representations of relevant and no-longer-relevant items during a delay interval is related to age and overall task performance. Following from the theoretical predictions of the inhibitory deficit hypothesis of aging, we hypothesized that older adults would show higher activation of no-longer-relevant items during a retention delay compared to young adults and that higher activation of these no-longer-relevant items would predict worse recognition memory accuracy for relevant items. Our results support this prediction and more generally demonstrate the importance of goal-driven modulation of neural activity in successful working memory maintenance. Furthermore, we showed that the largest age differences in the regulation of category-specific pattern activity during working memory maintenance were seen throughout the medial temporal lobe and prominently in the hippocampus, further establishing the importance of "long-term memory" retrieval mechanisms in the context of high-load working memory tasks that place large demands on attentional selection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Weeks
- University of Toronto.,Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- University of Toronto.,Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- University of Toronto.,Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- University of Toronto.,Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Good TJ, Villafuerte J, Ryan JD, Grady CL, Barense MD. Resting State BOLD Variability of the Posterior Medial Temporal Lobe Correlates with Cognitive Performance in Older Adults with and without Risk for Cognitive Decline. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0290-19.2020. [PMID: 32193364 PMCID: PMC7240288 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0290-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Local brain signal variability [SD of the BOLD signal (SDBOLD]] correlates with age and cognitive performance, and recently differentiated Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from healthy controls. However, it is unknown whether changes to SDBOLD precede diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment. We compared ostensibly healthy older adult humans who scored below the recommended threshold on the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and who showed reduced medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume in a previous study ("at-risk" group, n = 20), with healthy older adults who scored within the normal range on the MoCA ("control" group, n = 20). Using multivariate partial least-squares analysis we assessed the correlations between SDBOLD and age, MoCA score, global fractional anisotropy, global mean diffusivity, and four cognitive factors. Greater SDBOLD in the MTL and occipital cortex positively correlated with performance on cognitive control/speed tasks but negatively correlated with memory scores in the control group. These relations were weaker in the at-risk group. A post hoc analysis assessed associations between MTL volumes and SDBOLD in both groups. This revealed a negative correlation, most robust in the at-risk group, between MTL SDBOLD and MTL subregion volumetry, particularly the entorhinal and parahippocampal regions. Together, these results suggest that the association between SDBOLD and cognition differs between the at-risk and control groups, which may be because of lower MTL volumes in the at-risk group. Our data indicate relations between MTL SDBOLD and cognition may be helpful in understanding brain differences in individuals who may be at risk for further cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Good
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto M6A 2E1, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario
| | - Joshua Villafuerte
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto M6A 2E1, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario
| | - Jennifer D Ryan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto M6A 2E1, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Ontario
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto M6A 2E1, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Ontario
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto M6A 2E1, Ontario
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario
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48
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Zooming in and zooming out: the importance of precise anatomical characterization and broader network understanding of MRI data in human memory experiments. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Ryan JD, Shen K, Liu Z. The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1464:115-141. [PMID: 31617589 PMCID: PMC7154681 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decades of cognitive neuroscience research has shown that where we look is intimately connected to what we remember. In this article, we review findings from human and nonhuman animals, using behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and computational modeling methods, to show that the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems interact in a reciprocal manner, on a moment-to-moment basis, mediated by a vast structural and functional network. Visual exploration serves to efficiently gather information from the environment for the purpose of creating new memories, updating existing memories, and reconstructing the rich, vivid details from memory. Conversely, memory increases the efficiency of visual exploration. We call for models of oculomotor control to consider the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the cognitive control of eye movements, and for models of hippocampal and broader medial temporal lobe function to consider the influence of the oculomotor system on the development and expression of memory. We describe eye movement-based applications for the detection of neurodegeneration and delivery of therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders for which the hippocampus is implicated and memory dysfunctions are at the forefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Ryan
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrestTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kelly Shen
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrestTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zhong‐Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Michigan‐DearbornDearbornMichigan
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50
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Long JM, Perez EJ, Roberts JA, Roberts MT, Rapp PR. Reelin in the Years: decline in the number of reelin immunoreactive neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex in aged monkeys with memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:132-137. [PMID: 31952867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein reelin has been implicated in both memory-related synaptic plasticity and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Aged rats with memory impairment display decreased reelin expression in layer II of the entorhinal cortex (EC) relative to memory-intact subjects, and here we tested whether this effect extends to the primate brain. Seven young adult (8-10 years) and 14 aged (27-38 years) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were examined, including 7 old animals classified as impaired based on their scores from a delayed nonmatching-to-sample recognition memory test. Histological sections spanning the rostrocaudal extent of the intermediate and caudal divisions of EC were processed by immunohistochemistry and the total number of reelin-positive neurons in layer II was estimated using design-based stereological techniques. The main finding was that the number of reelin-expressing neurons in EC layer II is decreased selectively in aged monkeys with memory deficits relative to young adult and aged subjects with intact memory. The results add to evidence implicating EC-hippocampal integrity in neurocognitive aging, and they suggest that disrupted reelin signaling may be among the mechanisms that mediate the associated vulnerability of this circuitry in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Long
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn J Perez
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary T Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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