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Correia JP, Domingos C, Witvrouw E, Luís P, Rosa A, Vaz JR, Freitas SR. Brain and muscle activity during fatiguing maximum-speed knee movement. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:200-212. [PMID: 38059285 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00145.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the underlying mechanisms behind upper limb (e.g., finger) motor slowing during movements performed at the maximum voluntary rate have been explored, the same cannot be said for the lower limb. This is especially relevant considering the lower limb's larger joints and different functional patterns. Despite the similar motor control base, previously found differences in movement patterns and segment inertia may lead to distinct central and peripheral manifestations of fatigue in larger joint movement. Therefore, we aimed to explore these manifestations in a fatiguing knee maximum movement rate task by measuring brain and muscle activity, as well as brain-muscle coupling using corticomuscular coherence, during this task. A significant decrease in knee movement rate up to half the task duration was observed. After an early peak, brain activity showed a generalized decrease during the first half of the task, followed by a plateau, whereas knee flexor muscle activity showed a continuous decline. A similar decline was also seen in corticomuscular coherence but for both flexor and extensor muscles. The electrophysiological manifestations associated with knee motor slowing therefore showed some common and some distinct aspects compared with smaller joint tasks. Both central and peripheral manifestations of fatigue were observed; the changes seen in both EEG and electromyographic (EMG) variables suggest that multiple mechanisms were involved in exercise regulation and fatigue development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The loss of knee movement rate with acute fatigue induced by high-speed movement is associated with both central and peripheral electrophysiological changes, such as a decrease in EEG power, increased agonist-antagonist cocontraction, and impaired brain-muscle coupling. These findings had not previously been reported for the knee joint, which shows functional and physiological differences compared with the existing findings for smaller upper limb joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Correia
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Christophe Domingos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Erik Witvrouw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Luís
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab (LaSEEB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Rosa
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab (LaSEEB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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2
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Correia JP, Vaz JR, Domingos C, Freitas SR. From thinking fast to moving fast: motor control of fast limb movements in healthy individuals. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:919-950. [PMID: 35675832 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to produce high movement speeds is a crucial factor in human motor performance, from the skilled athlete to someone avoiding a fall. Despite this relevance, there remains a lack of both an integrative brain-to-behavior analysis of these movements and applied studies linking the known dependence on open-loop, central control mechanisms of these movements to their real-world implications, whether in the sports, performance arts, or occupational setting. In this review, we cover factors associated with the planning and performance of fast limb movements, from the generation of the motor command in the brain to the observed motor output. At each level (supraspinal, peripheral, and motor output), the influencing factors are presented and the changes brought by training and fatigue are discussed. The existing evidence of more applied studies relevant to practical aspects of human performance is also discussed. Inconsistencies in the existing literature both in the definitions and findings are highlighted, along with suggestions for further studies on the topic of fast limb movement control. The current heterogeneity in what is considered a fast movement and in experimental protocols makes it difficult to compare findings in the existing literature. We identified the role of the cerebellum in movement prediction and of surround inhibition in motor slowing, as well as the effects of fatigue and training on central motor control, as possible avenues for further research, especially in performance-driven populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Correia
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Christophe Domingos
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Av. Dr. Mário Soares nº 110, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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3
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Maillet J, Avrillon S, Nordez A, Rossi J, Hug F. Handedness is associated with less common input to spinal motor neurons innervating different hand muscles. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:778-789. [PMID: 36001792 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00237.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the neural control of manual behaviours differs between the dominant and non-dominant hand is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the level of common synaptic input to motor neurons innervating the same or different muscles differs between the dominant and the non-dominant hand. Seventeen participants performed two motor tasks with distinct mechanical requirements: an isometric pinch and an isometric rotation of a pinched dial. Each task was performed at 30% of maximum effort and was repeated with the dominant and non-dominant hand. Motor units were identified from two intrinsic (flexor digitorum interosseous and thenar) and one extrinsic muscle (flexor digitorum superficialis) from high-density surface electromyography recordings. Two complementary approaches were used to estimate common synaptic inputs. First, we calculated the coherence between groups of motor neurons from the same and from different muscles. Then, we estimated the common input for all pairs of motor neurons by correlating the low-frequency oscillations of their discharge rate. Both analyses led to the same conclusion, indicating less common synaptic input between motor neurons innervating different muscles in the dominant hand than in the non-dominant hand, which was only observed during the isometric rotation task. No between-side differences in common input were observed between motor neurons of the same muscle. This lower level of common input could confer higher flexibility in the recruitment of motor units, and therefore, in mechanical outputs. Whether this difference between the dominant and non-dominant arm is the cause or the consequence of handedness remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Maillet
- Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Avrillon
- Neuromechanics and Rehabilitation Technology Group, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Rossi
- grid.6279.aJean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France
| | - François Hug
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.,LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Angebrandt A, Abulseoud OA, Kisner M, Diazgranados N, Momenan R, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Dose-dependent relationship between social drinking and brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 111:71-81. [PMID: 34973470 PMCID: PMC8929531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-level alcohol consumption is commonly perceived as being inconsequential or even beneficial for overall health, with some reports suggesting that it may protect against dementia or cardiovascular risks. However, these potential benefits do not preclude the concurrent possibility of negative health outcomes related to alcohol consumption. To examine whether casual, non-heavy drinking is associated with premature brain aging, we utilized the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computational Utility Software package to predict brain age in a community sample of adults [n = 240, mean age 35.1 (±10.7) years, 48% male, 49% African American]. Accelerated brain aging was operationalized as the difference between predicted and chronological age ("brain age gap"). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between previous 90-day alcohol consumption and brain age gap (β = 0.014, p = 0.023). We replicated these results in an independent cohort [n = 231 adults, mean age 34.3 (±11.1) years, 55% male, 28% African American: β = 0.014, p = 0.002]. Our results suggest that even low-level alcohol consumption is associated with premature brain aging. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexanndra Angebrandt
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA. Phone: 480-301-8297, Fax: 480-301-6258. (O.A. Abulseoud)
| | - Mallory Kisner
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author at: Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21244, USA. Phone 443-740-2645, Fax 443-740-2734. (T.J. Ross)
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5
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From Hemispheric Asymmetry through Sensorimotor Experiences to Cognitive Outcomes in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies allowed us to explore abnormal brain structures and interhemispheric connectivity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Behavioral researchers have long reported that children with CP exhibit suboptimal performance in different cognitive domains (e.g., receptive and expressive language skills, reading, mental imagery, spatial processing, subitizing, math, and executive functions). However, there has been very limited cross-domain research involving these two areas of scientific inquiry. To stimulate such research, this perspective paper proposes some possible neurological mechanisms involved in the cognitive delays and impairments in children with CP. Additionally, the paper examines the ways motor and sensorimotor experience during the development of these neural substrates could enable more optimal development for children with CP. Understanding these developmental mechanisms could guide more effective interventions to promote the development of both sensorimotor and cognitive skills in children with CP.
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6
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Sobinov AR, Bensmaia SJ. The neural mechanisms of manual dexterity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:741-757. [PMID: 34711956 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hand endows us with unparalleled precision and versatility in our interactions with objects, from mundane activities such as grasping to extraordinary ones such as virtuoso pianism. The complex anatomy of the human hand combined with expansive and specialized neuronal control circuits allows a wide range of precise manual behaviours. To support these behaviours, an exquisite sensory apparatus, spanning the modalities of touch and proprioception, conveys detailed and timely information about our interactions with objects and about the objects themselves. The study of manual dexterity provides a unique lens into the sensorimotor mechanisms that endow the nervous system with the ability to flexibly generate complex behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton R Sobinov
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sliman J Bensmaia
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Garcia MAC, Nogueira-Campos AA, Moraes VH, Souza VH. Can Corticospinal Excitability Shed Light Into the Effects of Handedness on Motor Performance? FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:651501. [PMID: 38235226 PMCID: PMC10790861 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.651501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação e Desempenho Físico-Funcional, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Cognitiva (LabNeuro), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuro Biomecânica, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Neurociências e Reabilitação Motora, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anaelli Aparecida Nogueira-Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Cognitiva (LabNeuro), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuro Biomecânica, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Neurociências e Reabilitação Motora, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Souza
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuro Biomecânica, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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Howells H, Puglisi G, Leonetti A, Vigano L, Fornia L, Simone L, Forkel SJ, Rossi M, Riva M, Cerri G, Bello L. The role of left fronto-parietal tracts in hand selection: Evidence from neurosurgery. Cortex 2020; 128:297-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Ohmann HA, Kuper N, Wacker J. A low dosage of the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride affects effort allocation for reward regardless of trait extraversion. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 3:e7. [PMID: 32656492 PMCID: PMC7327436 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is known to be involved in various aspects of reward processing and goal-directed behavior. The present preregistered study aims at directly accessing the causal influence of DA activity on reward motivation in humans, while also accounting for trait extraversion. Therefore, we examined the effect of a single dose of the DA D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (200 mg) on effort allocation in a modified version of the Effort-Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). Based on its presumably DA increasing action, we expected the low dose of sulpiride to increase participants' willingness to allocate effort during the modified EEfRT relative to placebo, especially in trials with low probability of reward attainment. Further, we expected a moderating effect of trait extraversion on the effects of sulpiride. Two hundred and three healthy male participants were tested in a randomized, double-blind between-subjects design. Contrary to our expectations, sulpiride reduced the average number of clicks within the modified EEfRT and did not interact with reward attributes, suggesting a more global and not reward-specific effect of sulpiride. Furthermore, trait extraversion did not moderate the effect of sulpiride. Our results provide initial support for the validity of the modified version of the EEfRT, suggesting a possible inhibiting effect of a low dose of sulpiride on approach motivation regardless of trait extraversion. However, given the mixed pattern of findings and the possible confounding role of motoric abilities, further studies examining these effects are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Andreas Ohmann
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Kuper
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Wacker
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Albayay J, Villarroel-Gruner P, Bascour-Sandoval C, Parma V, Gálvez-García G. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory in a sample of Chilean undergraduates. Brain Cogn 2019; 137:103618. [PMID: 31629000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nervous and cognitive systems are lateralized, and handedness represents a behavioral manifestation of such organization. Therefore, accurately and reliably measuring handedness has repercussion on our understanding of both the human brain and cognition. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) is the most frequently used instrument to measure handedness both in clinical practice and research. We assessed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the EHI in a sample of 348 Chilean university students by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency and reliability of the EHI, while the average variance extracted was estimated to evaluate its convergent validity. A 10-item unifactorial structure was confirmed, with factor loadings ≥0.50, showing excellent goodness-of-fit indicators, very high internal consistency and adequate composite reliability and convergent validity. Socio-demographic variables (sex, area of residence and belonging to an indigenous people or community) did not significantly modulate the EHI scores. Overall, by using this validated version of the EHI to accurately and reliably measure handedness in the greater Spanish population, researchers will be able to produce robust data to tackle the still open questions of lateralization in human cognitive and neural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Albayay
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Bascour-Sandoval
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000 Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - Valentina Parma
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 9, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Germán Gálvez-García
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000 Temuco, Chile; Département de Psychologie Cognitive, Sciences Cognitives & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lyon 2, 5 Avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69500 Bron, France.
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Handedness Side and Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex Central Sulcus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5610849. [PMID: 31467897 PMCID: PMC6699472 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5610849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Left-handers show lower asymmetry in manual ability when compared to right-handers. Unlike right-handers, left-handers do not show larger deactivation of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex on functional magnetic resonance imaging when moving their dominant than their nondominant hand. However, it should be noted that morphometric MRI studies have reported no differences between right-handers and left-handers in volume, thickness, or surface area of the SM1 cortex. In this regard, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging is a technique with the potential to provide information on microstructural organization and macromolecular content of tissue. In particular, MT ratio index of the brain gray matter is assumed to reflect the variable content of afferent or efferent myelinated fibers, with higher MT ratio values being associated with increased fibers number or degree of myelination. The aim of this study was hence to assess, for the first time, through quantitative MT ratio measurements, potential differences in microstructural organization/characteristics of SM1 cortex between left- and right-handers, which could underlay handedness side. Nine left-handed and 9 right-handed healthy subjects, as determined by the Edinburgh handedness inventory, were examined with T1-weighted and MT-weighted imaging on a 3 T scanner. The hands of subjects were kept still during all acquisitions. Using FreeSurfer suite and the automatic anatomical labeling parcellations defined by the Destrieux atlas, we measured MT ratio, as well as cortical thickness, in three regions of interests corresponding to the precentral gyrus, the central sulcus, and the postcentral gyrus in the bilateral SM1 cortex. No significant difference between left- and right-handers was revealed in the thickness of the three partitions of the SM1 cortex. However, left-handers showed a significantly (p = 0.007) lower MT ratio (31.92% ± 0.96%) in the right SM1 central sulcus (i.e., the hand representation area for left-handers) as compared to right-handers (33.28% ± 0.94%). The results of this preliminary study indicate that quantitative MT imaging, unlike conventional morphometric MRI measurements, can be a useful tool to reveal, in SM1 cortex, potential microstructural correlates of handedness side.
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12
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Stability and flexibility in cognitive control: Interindividual dynamics and task context processing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219397. [PMID: 31291325 PMCID: PMC6620015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behaviour requires cognitive control for shielding current goals from distractors (stability) but at the same time for switching between alternative goals (flexibility). In this behavioural study, we examine the stability-flexibility balance in left- and right-handers during two types of decision-making, instructed (sensory cued) and voluntary (own choice), by means of distractor inhibition and hand/task switching. The data revealed that both groups showed opposite tendencies for instructed decision-making. Moreover, right-handers resisted distracting information more efficiently whereas left-handers showed superior switching abilities. When participants were involved in voluntary decision-making, no effects of handedness were noted, which suggests that free-choice processing alters the balance between stability and flexibility. These data illustrate that handedness is an index of individual variation during instructed decision-making, biasing the proficiency of cognitive control towards stability and flexibility of information processing. These biases can however be overruled by top-down strategies that dominate during voluntary decision-making. Overall, the research underlines the antagonistic functions of stability and flexibility in decision-making, and offers an approach for examining cognitive control and the role of internal and external factors in balancing the stability-flexibility trade-off.
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Ohmann HA, Kuper N, Wacker J. Left frontal anodal tDCS increases approach motivation depending on reward attributes. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:417-423. [PMID: 30193845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates a correlation between asymmetrical activity of frontal brain sites and approach vs. withdrawal motivation. Yet the causal status of this relationship is presently unclear. Here we examined the effect of anodal tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on approach motivation, operationalized as effort allocation during the Effort-Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). HYPOTHESIS We expected left frontal anodal transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS) to increase participants' willingness to allocate more effort during the EEfRT. Based on previous research, we expected this effect to be strongest on trials with low probability of reward attainment. METHODS 60 right-handed neurologically and psychologically healthy participants (63% female) aged 18-35 were tested in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Participants were invited to our lab twice to complete two 15-min blocks of the EEfRT on each study day, randomly assigned to either an anodal tDCS or a SHAM condition. RESULTS No main effect of stimulation condition was found, however the interactions of stimulation condition and both probability of reward attainment and reward magnitude reached significance. These interactions indicated that left frontal anodal tDCS specifically increased the percentage of hard task choices (HTC) in trials with low probability of reward attainment and in trials with high reward magnitude. DISCUSSION The observation of an increasing effect of left frontal anodal tDCS on effort expenditure for reward as indicated by HTC supports the idea of a causal relationship between asymmetric activity of frontal brain sites and approach motivation and hints at moderating effects of task-features on the effects of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niclas Kuper
- Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wacker
- Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Andersen KW, Siebner HR. Mapping dexterity and handedness: recent insights and future challenges. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ekşioğlu M, İşeri A. An estimation of finger-tapping rates and load capacities and the effects of various factors. HUMAN FACTORS 2015; 57:634-648. [PMID: 25850109 DOI: 10.1177/0018720814563976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the finger-tapping rates and finger load capacities of eight fingers (excluding thumbs) for a healthy adult population and investigate the effects of various factors on tapping rate. BACKGROUND Finger-tapping rate, the total number of finger taps per unit of time, can be used as a design parameter of various products and also as a psychomotor test for evaluating patients with neurologic problems. METHOD A 1-min tapping task was performed by 148 participants with maximum volitional tempo for each of eight fingers. For each of the tapping tasks, the participant with the corresponding finger tapped the associated key in the standard position on the home row of a conventional keyboard for touch typing. RESULTS The index and middle fingers were the fastest fingers for both hands, and little fingers the slowest. All dominant-hand fingers, except little finger, had higher tapping rates than the fastest finger of the nondominant hand. Tapping rate decreased with age and smokers tapped faster than nonsmokers. Tapping duration and exercise had also significant effect on tapping rate. CONCLUSION Normative data of tapping rates and load capacities of eight fingers were estimated for the adult population. In designs of psychomotor tests that require the use of tapping rate or finger load capacity data, the effects of finger, age, smoking, and tapping duration need to be taken into account. APPLICATION The findings can be used for ergonomic designs requiring finger-tapping capacity and also as a reference in psychomotor tests.
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Savic I. Asymmetry of cerebral gray and white matter and structural volumes in relation to sex hormones and chromosomes. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:329. [PMID: 25505869 PMCID: PMC4245480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst many studies show sex differences in cerebral asymmetry, their mechanisms are still unknown. This report describes the potential impact of sex hormones and sex chromosomes by comparing MR data from 39 male and 47 female controls and 33 men with an extra X-chromosome (47,XXY). Methods: Regional asymmetry in gray and white matter volumes (GMV and WMV) was calculated using voxel based moprhometry (SPM5), by contrasting the unflipped and flipped individual GMV and WMV images. In addition, structural volumes were calculated for the thalamus, caudate, putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus, using the FreeSurfer software. Effects of plasma testosterone and estrogen on the GMV and WMV, as well on the right/left ratios of the subcortical volumes were tested by multi-regression analysis. Results: All three groups showed a leftward asymmetry in the motor cortex and the planum temporale, and a rightward asymmetry of the middle occipital cortex. Both asymmetries were more pronounced in 46,XY males than 46,XX females and 47,XXY males, and were positively correlated with testosterone levels. There was also a rightward asymmetry of the vermis and leftward GMV asymmetry in the cerebellar hemispheres in all groups. Notably, cerebellar asymmetries were larger in 46,XX females and 47,XXY males, but were not related to sex hormone levels. No asymmetry differences between 46,XX females and 47,XXY males, and no overall effects of brain size were detected. Conclusion: The asymmetry in the planum temporale area and the occipital cortex seem related to processes associated with testosterone, whereas the observed cerebellar asymmetries suggest a link with X-chromosome escapee genes. Sex differences in cerebral asymmetry are moderated by sex hormones and X-chromosome genes, in a regionally differentiated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Savic
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health and Neurology Clinic, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Lackmy-Vallée A, Klomjai W, Bussel B, Katz R, Roche N. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex induces opposite modulation of reciprocal inhibition in wrist extensor and flexor. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1505-15. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00249.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used as a noninvasive tool to modulate brain excitability in humans. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tDCS applied over the motor cortex also modulates spinal neural network excitability and therefore can be used to explore the corticospinal control acting on spinal neurons. Previously, we showed that reciprocal inhibition directed to wrist flexor motoneurons is enhanced during contralateral anodal tDCS, but it is likely that the corticospinal control acting on spinal networks controlling wrist flexors and extensors is not similar. The primary aim of the study was to explore the effects of anodal tDCS on reciprocal inhibition directed to wrist extensor motoneurons. To further examine the supraspinal control acting on the reciprocal inhibition between wrist flexors and extensors, we also explored the effects of the tDCS applied to the ipsilateral hand motor area. In healthy volunteers, we tested the effects induced by sham and anodal tDCS on reciprocal inhibition pathways innervating wrist muscles. Reciprocal inhibition directed from flexor to extensor muscles and the reverse situation, i.e., reciprocal inhibition, directed from extensors to flexors were studied in parallel with the H reflex technique. Our main finding was that contralateral anodal tDCS induces opposing effects on reciprocal inhibition: it decreases reciprocal inhibition directed from flexors to extensors, but it increases reciprocal inhibition directed from extensors to flexors. The functional result of these opposite effects on reciprocal inhibition seems to favor wrist extension excitability, suggesting an asymmetric descending control onto the interneurons that mediate reciprocal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanalee Klomjai
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, ER 6, F-75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakonpathom, Thailand
| | - Bernard Bussel
- APHP Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré—Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Garches, France
| | - Rose Katz
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, ER 6, F-75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakonpathom, Thailand
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, EA 4497, Garches, France
- APHP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière—Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, EA 4497, Garches, France
- APHP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière—Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Paris, France; and
- APHP Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré—Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Garches, France
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Hubel KA, Reed B, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Woods DL. Computerized measures of finger tapping: effects of hand dominance, age, and sex. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 116:929-52. [PMID: 24175464 DOI: 10.2466/25.29.pms.116.3.929-952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Computerized measures of digit tapping rate were obtained over 3 successive, 10-sec. periods in the right and left index fingers, from a community sample of 1,519 participants (ages 18 to 65 years; 607 men, 912 women). Differences between the dominant and non-dominant hands were found for tapping rate, movement initiation, and button down times, and the decline in tapping rate over the successive, 10-sec. periods. Declines were found in tapping rate in older participants in association with increased intertap variability. Men had higher tapping rates than women in all age ranges. The computerized finger tapping test is an efficient and precise measure of tapping speed and kinetics of potential utility in research and clinical studies of motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Hubel
- Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, VANCHCS, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
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19
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Guadalupe T, Willems RM, Zwiers MP, Arias Vasquez A, Hoogman M, Hagoort P, Fernandez G, Buitelaar J, Franke B, Fisher SE, Francks C. Differences in cerebral cortical anatomy of left- and right-handers. Front Psychol 2014; 5:261. [PMID: 24734025 PMCID: PMC3975119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The left and right sides of the human brain are specialized for different kinds of information processing, and much of our cognition is lateralized to an extent toward one side or the other. Handedness is a reflection of nervous system lateralization. Roughly ten percent of people are mixed- or left-handed, and they show an elevated rate of reductions or reversals of some cerebral functional asymmetries compared to right-handers. Brain anatomical correlates of left-handedness have also been suggested. However, the relationships of left-handedness to brain structure and function remain far from clear. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of cortical surface area differences between 106 left-handed subjects and 1960 right-handed subjects, measured using an automated method of regional parcellation (FreeSurfer, Destrieux atlas). This is the largest study sample that has so far been used in relation to this issue. No individual cortical region showed an association with left-handedness that survived statistical correction for multiple testing, although there was a nominally significant association with the surface area of a previously implicated region: the left precentral sulcus. Identifying brain structural correlates of handedness may prove useful for genetic studies of cerebral asymmetries, as well as providing new avenues for the study of relations between handedness, cerebral lateralization and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel M Willems
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Guillen Fernandez
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Nisiyama M, Ribeiro-do-Valle LE. Relative performance of the two hands in simple and choice reaction time tasks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 47:80-9. [PMID: 24345871 PMCID: PMC3932976 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that the left hemisphere is more competent for motor control than
the right hemisphere. This study investigated whether this hemispheric asymmetry is
expressed in the latency/duration of sequential responses performed by the left
and/or right hands. Thirty-two right-handed young adults (16 males, 16 females; 18-25
years old) were tested in a simple or choice reaction time task. They responded to a
left and/or right visual target by moving their left and/or right middle fingers
between two keys on each side of the midline. Right hand reaction time did not differ
from left hand reaction time. Submovement times were longer for the right hand than
the left hand when the response was bilateral. Pause times were shorter for the right
hand than the left hand, both when the responses were unilateral or bilateral.
Reaction time results indicate that the putatively more efficient response
preparation by the left hemisphere motor mechanisms is not expressed behaviorally.
Submovement time and pause time results indicate that the putatively more efficient
response execution by the left hemisphere motor mechanisms is expressed behaviorally.
In the case of the submovements, the less efficient motor control of the left hand
would be compensated by a more intense attention to this hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nisiyama
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São PauloSP, Brasil, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L E Ribeiro-do-Valle
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São PauloSP, Brasil, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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21
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Duffield T, Trontel H, Bigler ED, Froehlich A, Prigge MB, Travers B, Green RR, Cariello AN, Cooperrider J, Nielsen J, Alexander A, Anderson J, Fletcher PT, Lange N, Zielinski B, Lainhart J. Neuropsychological investigation of motor impairments in autism. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:867-81. [PMID: 23985036 PMCID: PMC3907511 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.827156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how standardized neuropsychological measures of motor function relate to brain volumes of motor regions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An all-male sample composed of 59 ASD and 30 controls (ages 5-33 years) completed three measures of motor function: strength of grip (SOG), finger tapping test (FTT), and grooved pegboard test (GPT). Likewise, all participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging with region of interest (ROI) volumes obtained to include the following regions: motor cortex (precentral gyrus), somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus), thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and caudal middle frontal gyrus. These traditional neuropsychological measures of motor function are assumed to differ in motor complexity, with GPT requiring the most followed by FTT and SOG. Performance by ASD participants on the GPT and FTT differed significantly from that of controls, with the largest effect size differences observed on the more complex GPT task. Differences on the SOG task between the two groups were nonsignificant. Since more complex motor tasks tap more complex networks, poorer GPT performance by those with ASD may reflect less efficient motor networks. There was no gross pathology observed in classic motor areas of the brain in ASD, as ROI volumes did not differ, but FTT was negatively related to motor cortex volume in ASD. The results suggest a hierarchical motor disruption in ASD, with difficulties evident only in more complex tasks as well as a potential anomalous size-function relation in motor cortex in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Duffield
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Haley Trontel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Erin D. Bigler
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- The Brain Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alyson Froehlich
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Molly B. Prigge
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brittany Travers
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ryan R. Green
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Annahir N. Cariello
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jason Cooperrider
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jared Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andrew Alexander
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - P. Thomas Fletcher
- The Brain Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nicholas Lange
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neurostatistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon Zielinski
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Janet Lainhart
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Hubel KA, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Woods DL. Computerized measures of finger tapping: reliability, malingering and traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:745-58. [PMID: 23947782 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.824070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed computerized finger tapping metrics in four experiments. Experiment 1 showed tapping-rate differences associated with hand dominance, digits, sex, and fatigue that replicated those seen in a previous, large-scale community sample. Experiment 2 revealed test-retest correlations (r = .91) that exceeded those reported in previous tapping studies. Experiment 3 investigated subjects simulating symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI); 62% of malingering subjects produced abnormally slow tapping rates. A tapping-rate malingering index, based on rate-independent tapping patterns, provided confirmatory evidence of malingering in 48% of the subjects with abnormal tapping rates. Experiment 4 compared tapping in 24 patients with mild TBI (mTBI) and a matched control group; mTBI patients showed slowed tapping without evidence of malingering. Computerized finger tapping measures are reliable measures of motor speed, useful in detecting subjects performing with suboptimal effort, and are sensitive to motor abnormalities following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Hubel
- a Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory , Martinez Clinic , Martinez , CA , USA
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Allen JS, Emmorey K, Bruss J, Damasio H. Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:26. [PMID: 23935567 PMCID: PMC3731534 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WE INVESTIGATED EFFECTS OF SIGN LANGUAGE USE AND AUDITORY DEPRIVATION FROM BIRTH ON THE VOLUMES OF THREE CORTICAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: the visual cortex surrounding the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe; the language-related cortex in the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis); and the motor hand region in the precentral gyrus. The study included 25 congenitally deaf participants and 41 hearing participants (of which 16 were native sign language users); all were right-handed. Deaf participants exhibited a larger calcarine volume than hearing participants, which we interpret as the likely result of cross-modal compensation and/or dynamic interactions within sensory neural networks. Deaf participants also had increased volumes of the pars triangularis bilaterally compared to hearing signers and non-signers, which we interpret is related to the increased linguistic demands of speech processing and/or text reading for deaf individuals. Finally, although no statistically significant differences were found in the motor hand region for any of the groups, the deaf group was leftward asymmetric, the hearing signers essentially symmetric and the hearing non-signers were rightward asymmetric - results we interpret as the possible result of activity-dependent change due to life-long signing. The brain differences we observed in visual, motor, and language-related areas in adult deaf native signers provide evidence for the plasticity available for cognitive adaptation to varied environments during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allen
- Dornsife Cognitive Neuroscience Imaging Center, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Davidson T, Tremblay F. Hemispheric differences in corticospinal excitability and in transcallosal inhibition in relation to degree of handedness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70286. [PMID: 23936180 PMCID: PMC3723808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined hemispheric differences in corticospinal excitability and in transcallosal inhibition in a selected group of young adults (n = 34) grouped into three handedness categories (RH: strongly right-handed, n = 17; LH: strongly left-handed, n = 10; MH: mixed-handed, n = 7) based on laterality quotients (LQ) derived from the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Performance measures were also used to derive a laterality index reflecting right-left asymmetries in manual dexterity (Dextli) and in finger tapping speed (Speedli). Corticospinal excitability was assessed in each hemisphere by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using the first dorsal interosseus as the target muscle. TMS measures consisted of resting motor threshold (rMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curve (RC) and the contralateral silent period (cSP) with the accompanying MEP facilitation. Hemispheric interactions were assessed by means of the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) to determine the onset latency and the duration of transcallosal inhibition (i.e., LTI and DTI). Analysis of hemispheric variations in measures of corticospinal excitability revealed no major asymmetries in relation to degrees of laterality or handedness, with the exception of a rightward increase in rMTs in the LH group. Similarly, no clear asymmetries were found when looking at hemispheric variations in measures of transcallosal inhibition. However, a large group effect was detected for LTI measures, which were found to be significantly shorter in the MH group than in either the LH or RH group. MH participants also tended to show longer DTI than the other participants. Further inspection of overall variations in LTI and DTI measures as a function of LQs revealed that both variables followed a non-linear relationship, which was best described by a 2nd order polynomial function. Overall, these findings provide converging evidence for a link between mixed-handedness and more efficient interhemispheric communication when compared to either right- or left-handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Davidson
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Tremblay
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Hubel KA, Reed B, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Woods DL. COMPUTERIZED MEASURES OF FINGER TAPPING: EFFECTS OF HAND DOMINANCE, AGE, AND SEX1,2. Percept Mot Skills 2013. [DOI: 10.2466/25.29.pms.116.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Structural hemispheric asymmetries in the human precentral gyrus hand representation. Neuroscience 2012; 210:211-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dell'Acqua ML, Landi D, Zito G, Zappasodi F, Lupoi D, Rossini PM, Filippi MM, Tecchio F. Thalamocortical sensorimotor circuit in multiple sclerosis: an integrated structural and electrophysiological assessment. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 31:1588-600. [PMID: 20162580 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination and axonal damage are pathologic hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to loss of neuronal synchronization, functional disconnection amongst brain relays, and clinical sequelae. To investigate these properties, the primary component of the sensorimotor network was analyzed in mildly disabled Relapsing-Remitting MS patients without sensory symptoms at the time of the investigation. By magnetoencephalography (MEG), the recruitment pattern within the primary sensory (S1) and motor (M1) areas was estimated through the morphology of the early components of somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs), after evaluating the S1 responsiveness to sensory inputs from the contralateral arm. In each hemisphere, network recruitment properties were correlated with ispilateral thalamus volume, estimated by morphometric techniques upon high-resolution 3D structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). S1 activation was preserved, whereas SEF morphology was strikingly distorted in MS patients, marking a disruption of primary somatosensory network patterning. An unbalance of S1-M1 dynamic recruitment was documented and correlated with the thalamic volume reduction in the left hemisphere. These findings support the model of MS as a disconnection syndrome, with major susceptibility to damage experienced by nodes belonging to more frequently recruited and highly specialized networks.
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29
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Kang SY, Wasaka T, Shamim EA, Auh S, Ueki Y, Lopez GJ, Kida T, Jin SH, Dang N, Hallett M. Characteristics of the sequence effect in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 25:2148-55. [PMID: 20669182 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequence effect (SE) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is progressive slowing of sequential movements. It is a feature of bradykinesia, but is separate from a general slowness without deterioration over time. It is commonly seen in PD, but its physiology is unclear. We measured general slowness and the SE separately with a computer-based, modified Purdue pegboard in 11 patients with advanced PD. We conducted a placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study to learn whether levodopa and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could improve general slowness or the SE. We also examined the correlation between the SE and clinical fatigue. Levodopa alone and rTMS alone improved general slowness, but rTMS showed no additive effect on levodopa. Levodopa alone, rTMS alone, and their combination did not alleviate the SE. There was no correlation between the SE and fatigue. This study suggests that dopaminergic dysfunction and abnormal motor cortex excitability are not the relevant mechanisms for the SE. Additionally, the SE is not a component of clinical fatigue. Further work is needed to establish the physiology and clinical relevance of the SE. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Yun Kang
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1428, USA
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DeGutis J, D'Esposito M. Network changes in the transition from initial learning to well-practiced visual categorization. Front Hum Neurosci 2009; 3:44. [PMID: 19936318 PMCID: PMC2779097 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.09.044.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual categorization is a remarkable ability that allows us to effortlessly identify objects and efficiently respond to our environment. The neural mechanisms of how visual categories become well-established are largely unknown. Studies of initial category learning implicate a network of regions that include inferior temporal cortex (ITC), medial temporal lobe (MTL), basal ganglia (BG), premotor cortex (PMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, how these regions change with extended learning is poorly characterized. To understand the neural changes in the transition from initially learned to well-practiced categorization, we used functional MRI and compared brain activity and functional connectivity when subjects performed an initially learned categorization task (100 trials of training) and a well-practiced task (4250 trials of training). We demonstrate that a similar network is implicated for initially learned and well-practiced categorization. Additionally, connectivity analyses reveal an increased coordination between ITC, MTL, and PMC when making category judgments during the well-practiced task. These results suggest that category learning involves an increased coordination between a distributed network of regions supporting retrieval and representation of categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe DeGutis
- VA Boston Healthcare System Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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31
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Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Simon G, Crivello F, Jobard G, Zago L, Perchey G, Hervé PY, Joliot M, Petit L, Mellet E, Mazoyer B. Effect of Familial Sinistrality on Planum Temporale Surface and Brain Tissue Asymmetries. Cereb Cortex 2009; 20:1476-85. [PMID: 19846471 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Centre d'Imagerie-Neurosciences et Applications aux Pathologies UMR6232 CNRS, CEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.
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32
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Li S, Han Y, Wang D, Yang H, Fan Y, Lv Y, Tang H, Gong Q, Zang Y, He Y. Mapping Surface Variability of the Central Sulcus in Musicians. Cereb Cortex 2009; 20:25-33. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rodrigues PC, Vasconcelos O, Barreiros J, Barbosa R, Trifilio F. Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence-anticipation task: Effects of handedness. Eur J Sport Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17461390802603903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Ten percent of people are left handed, but a higher frequency has been associated with certain craniofacial malformations, such as cleft lip and unilateral coronal synostosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of left-handedness in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Patients with HFM were identified in our craniofacial database. Normal controls were recruited by local pediatricians. Data gathered included age, sex, and handedness (determined by writing and/or drawing); the orbit, mandible, ear, nerve, and soft tissue (OMENS)-plus score and side of involvement were tabulated for patients with HFM. Hand preference was compared between the groups using chi analysis; possible correlations were analyzed between handedness and age, sex, the OMENS score, extracraniofacial findings, and side of involvement. One hundred seventy-eight patients with HFM were identified; 92 (51%) were excluded. Of the 86 included, 48% were boys (n = 47) and the mean age at inquiry was 13.5 years. Predominant side of involvement was right in 49% (n = 42) and left in 38% (n = 33). Eleven patients (13%) had severe involvement of both sides. Expanded-spectrum HFM was documented in 41% of patients. Ninety-six children were in the control group; 44% were boys (n = 42), and the mean age was 10 years. The difference in age between the groups was significant (P < 0.05), but sex differences were not. Patients with HFM were more likely to be left handed for writing compared with the control group (26% vs. 11%; P < 0.05). The frequency was higher, 36%, in those with bilateral involvement (P > 0.05). There was no correlation with predominant side or OMENS score. This study confirms that this disorder affects cerebral lateralization.
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Rodrigues PC, Vasconcelos O, Barreiros J, Barbosa R. Manual asymmetry in a complex coincidence-anticipation task: handedness and gender effects. Laterality 2008; 14:395-412. [PMID: 19031307 DOI: 10.1080/13576500802469607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of handedness and gender on manual asymmetry in the performance of a complex coincidence-anticipation task. Left-handed (N=63) and right-handed (N=93) undergraduate students (78 males, 78 females) were required to press six buttons sequentially in conjunction with visual stimulation provided by a coincidence-anticipation apparatus. Participants were further separated into subgroups based on the degree of hand preference. Timing accuracy (AE, CE, VE) and timing response (IT, MT, AT) were analysed. Results showed that, concerning accuracy, (i) strong left-handers were more accurate than the other groups; (ii) performance with the preferred hand was superior to that of the non-preferred hand; and (iii) males outperformed females. Concerning timing response, (i) the preferred hand was faster than the non-preferred hand for movement time and (ii) males were faster in initiating the movement than females. These findings indicate that coincidence-anticipation competence appears to be influenced by hand preference, performing hand, and gender. In addition, findings are discussed in the framework of the hemispheric functional lateralisation for the planning and organisation of movement execution.
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36
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Abstract
With increasing clinical experience, peripheral nerve surgeons have come to appreciate the important role that cortical plasticity and motor relearning play in functional recovery following a nerve transfer. Neurostimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation), and neuroimaging (functional MRI, structural MRI, magnetoencephalography) measure different aspects of cortical physiology and when used together are powerful tools in the study of cortical plasticity. The mechanisms of cortical plasticity, according to current and widely accepted opinions, involve the unmasking of previously ineffective connections or the sprouting of intact afferents from adjacent cortical or subcortical territories. Although significant strides have been made in our understanding of cortical plasticity following nerve transfer and during motor relearning, a great deal remains that we do not understand. Cortical plasticity and its manipulation may one day become important contributors to improve functional outcome following nerve transfer.
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37
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Park CH, Kim SY, Ohn SH, Lee BH, Kim ST, Kim YH. Hemispheric asymmetry of speed-dependent intercerebellar connectivity. Neurosci Lett 2008; 443:119-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Rossini PM, Tecchio F. On primary cortical hand representation in the left and right hemispheres. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:2421-3. [PMID: 18789758 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Teixeira LA. Categories of manual asymmetry and their variation with advancing age. Cortex 2007; 44:707-16. [PMID: 18472040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manual asymmetries were analyzed in 18- to 63-year-old right-handers in different motor tasks. This analysis aimed at describing the asymmetry profile for each task and assessing their stability across ages. For this purpose, performance of the right and left hands were analyzed in the following aspects: simple reaction time, rate of sequential finger movements, maximum grip force, accuracy in anticipatory timing, rate of repetitive tapping, and rate of drawing movements. In addition, stability of manual preference across ages was assessed through the Edinburgh inventory (Oldfield, 1971). The results indicated different profiles of manual asymmetry, with identification of three categories across tasks: symmetric performance (asymmetry indices close to zero), inconsistent asymmetry (asymmetry indices variable in magnitude and direction), and consistent asymmetry (asymmetry indices favoring a single hand). The different profiles observed in the young adults were stable across ages with two exceptions: decreased lateral asymmetry for maximum grip force and increased asymmetry for sequential drawing in older individuals. These results indicate that manual asymmetries are task specific. Such task specificity is interpreted to be the result of different sensorimotor requirements imposed by each motor task in association with motor experiences accumulated over the lifetime. Analysis of manual preference showed that strength of preference for the right hand was greater in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Teixeira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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40
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Klöppel S, Vongerichten A, van Eimeren T, Frackowiak RSJ, Siebner HR. Can left-handedness be switched? Insights from an early switch of handwriting. J Neurosci 2007; 27:7847-53. [PMID: 17634378 PMCID: PMC6672868 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1299-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Converted" left-handers are innately left-handed individuals forced as children to write with the right nondominant hand. We asked how a left-to-right handwriting switch shapes cortical sensorimotor representations of finger movements. In 16 adult converted left-handers and age-matched groups of 16 consistent right-handers and 16 left-handers, we studied movement-related neuronal activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants performed simple unimanual and bimanual movements with right and left index fingers. In converted left-handers, movement-related activity in the primary sensorimotor hand area (SM1) and caudal dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of the nondominant left hemisphere correlated with the left-to-right shift in handedness. The more right-handed converted left-handers had become, the greater the sensorimotor activation in these areas. Between-group comparisons showed that the switch from left to right hand also reinforced movement representations in the dominant right hemisphere. In converted left-handers, the right inferior parietal cortex and lateral PMd were more active relative to consistent right or left-handers in all motor tasks. These results suggest two distinct neuronal correlates of handedness in human sensorimotor cortex. Although those in executive sensorimotor cortex (i.e., SM1 and adjacent PMd) depend on the hand used throughout life, those in higher-order sensorimotor areas (i.e., inferior parietal cortex and rostrolateral PMd) are invariant and thus cannot be switched to the nondominant hemisphere by educational training.
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41
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Zeng L, Chen H, Ouyang L, Yao D, Gao JH. Quantitative analysis of asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas during sequential finger movement. Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:1370-5. [PMID: 17482410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain asymmetry is a phenomenon well known for handedness and has been studied in motor cortices. However, few quantitative studies on asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas have been conducted. In this study, we systematically investigated asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas during sequential finger movement by quantitatively analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses. The norm of BOLD signal percentage of change was introduced to quantitatively measure the BOLD signal intensity change difference between the left and right motor areas. The results of the data collected from six subjects show that the norm of BOLD signal percentage of change in the right motor area is higher than that in the left motor area for two-hand movement (P=.0059) and single-hand movement (P=.0279) with right-handedness. These results from fMRI show the asymmetry of motor areas and may suggest that the left hemisphere motor area comes into being as an adaptation system that needs few neuron cells only to finish any movement task for right-handedness. The activation intensity in the left motor area is reduced with normal right finger movement. The activation intensity in the right motor area is obviously higher than that in the left motor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology/School of Mathematics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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42
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Fiber density asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus in relation to functional hemispheric language lateralization in both right- and left-handed healthy subjects: A combined fMRI and DTI study. Neuroimage 2007; 35:1064-76. [PMID: 17320414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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43
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown brain differences between professional musicians and non-musicians with respect to size, asymmetry or gray matter density of specific cerebral regions. Here we demonstrate: (1) that anatomical differences in the motor cortex can already be detected by coarse visual inspection; and (2) that within musicians, even a discrimination of instruments with different manual dominance is possible on a gross anatomical scale. Multiple raters, blinded for subject identity and hemisphere, investigated within-musician differences in the Omega Sign (OS), an anatomical landmark of the precentral gyrus associated with hand movement representation. The sample of 64 brains comprised matched groups of 16 expert string-players, 16 expert pianists and 32 non-musicians. Ratings were analysed by means of kappa statistics. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were high. Musicians had a more pronounced OS expression than non-musicians, with keyboard-players showing a left and string-players a right hemisphere advantage. This suggests a differential brain adaptation depending on instrument played.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bangert
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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44
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Douaud G, Gaura V, Ribeiro MJ, Lethimonnier F, Maroy R, Verny C, Krystkowiak P, Damier P, Bachoud-Levi AC, Hantraye P, Remy P. Distribution of grey matter atrophy in Huntington’s disease patients: A combined ROI-based and voxel-based morphometric study. Neuroimage 2006; 32:1562-75. [PMID: 16875847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum, a subcortical structure, is the principal target of the neurodegenerative process in Huntington's disease (HD). The measurement of striatal atrophy using the bicaudate ratio on CT scanner images has therefore been used for years to assess disease progression, but this measure only takes into account unidimensional changes in the head of the caudate nucleus. Recently, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), which permits automated statistical comparisons of whole-brain MRI images, has been proposed to quantify striatal atrophy. However, VBM was not originally designed to study subcortical structures, and severe deep brain deformations that occur in HD may hamper the automatic processing of VBM. Here, we validate the use of the optimised protocol of VBM to quantify subcortical atrophy in HD by comparing results obtained with this method to those provided by manual segmentation of subcortical structures. We studied 20 patients with early HD and 12 controls matched for age, sex and handedness using an improved T1-weighted sequence that eased grey matter segmentation. Both manual and automated methods evidenced the dorso-ventral gradient of striatal atrophy, a loss of grey matter in the globus pallidus and the thalamus, and similar correlations between clinical scores and subcortical atrophy. Furthermore, we were able to detect with VBM grey matter loss in the substantia nigra, the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the insular cortex and the premotor and sensorimotor cortices. Finally, VBM provided results consistent with previous post mortem results and proved to be a sensitive biomarker capable of correctly managing subcortical distortions throughout HD patients' brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Douaud
- URA CNRS-CEA 2210, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4, place du Général Leclerc, 91 401 Orsay, and Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, France.
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45
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Hervé PY, Crivello F, Perchey G, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Handedness and cerebral anatomical asymmetries in young adult males. Neuroimage 2006; 29:1066-79. [PMID: 16198126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Using voxel-based morphometry, we measured the cerebral anatomical asymmetries in a sample of 56 young right-handed males and then compared voxelwise asymmetry indices of these subjects to those of 56 young left-handed males. In the right-handed, the clusters of grey matter asymmetry corresponding to the leftward occipital petalia and planum temporale asymmetries were retrieved. Strong rightward temporo-parietal asymmetries were also observed, but the rightward grey matter asymmetry in the frontal lobe was less massive than previously described. Group comparisons of left- and right-handed subjects' asymmetry maps, performed at a statistical threshold not corrected for multiple comparisons, revealed significant effects of handedness on this pattern of anatomical asymmetry in frontal regions, notably in the lower central and precentral sulci, and also in the planum temporale, with right-handed subjects being more leftward asymmetric. Concerning white matter, although almost no focal differences between left- and right-handed subjects were detected, volumetric analyses at the hemispheric level revealed a leftward asymmetry, which happened to be significantly less marked in the left-handed. This latter result, together with the pattern of leftward white matter asymmetries, suggested that anatomical correlates of the left hemispheric specialization for language would exist in white matter. In the population we studied, differences in anatomical asymmetry between left- and right-handed subjects provided structural arguments for a greater functional ambilaterality in left-handed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Hervé
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN, UMR 6194, CNRS, CEA, Universités de Caen et Paris 5, GIP Cyceron), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074, Caen Cedex, France
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Ietswaart M, Carey DP, Della Sala S. Tapping, grasping and aiming in ideomotor apraxia. Neuropsychologia 2005; 44:1175-84. [PMID: 16298401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated sensorimotor control in apraxia using tasks that differ in movement complexity. Nevertheless, there is some evidence to suggest that spontaneous behaviour, although relatively preserved, can be rather clumsy or awkward, and that patients with ideomotor apraxia may have subtle kinematic abnormalities in movements made in the laboratory. It remains unclear whether patients with ideomotor apraxia perform normally on movements such as visually guided aiming, that may not depend on higher-order, more cognitive, processes and that are relatively unguided by overlearned contexts. In this study, three different sensorimotor tasks were given to the same sample of patients with quantified apraxic disturbance. Finger tapping, goal-directed grasping and aiming with and without visual feedback were examined in these patients. A clear dissociation was found between grossly impaired gesture imitation and intact motor programming of goal-directed movements with visual feedback. Apraxic patients were, however, impaired on aiming movements without visual feedback, suggesting that apraxia is associated with an increased reliance on integration of online visual information with feedforward/feedback somatosensory and motor signals. Furthermore, patients were impaired on single finger tapping which was a surprisingly good predictor of apraxia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ietswaart
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Wolfson Research Institute, University of Durham, Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH, UK.
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