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Brown T, Kim K, Gehring WJ, Lustig C, Bohnen NI. Sensitivity to and Control of Distraction: Distractor-Entrained Oscillation and Frontoparietal EEG Gamma Synchronization. Brain Sci 2024; 14:609. [PMID: 38928609 PMCID: PMC11202030 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While recent advancements have been made towards a better understanding of the involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the context of cognitive control, the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. Successful behavior requires the correct detection of goal-relevant cues and resisting irrelevant distractions. Frontal parietal networks have been implicated as important for maintaining cognitive control in the face of distraction. The present study investigated the role of gamma-band power in distraction resistance and frontoparietal networks, as its increase is linked to cholinergic activity. We examined changes in gamma activity and their relationship to frontoparietal top-down modulation for distractor challenges and to bottom-up distractor processing. Healthy young adults were tested using a modified version of the distractor condition sustained attention task (dSAT) while wearing an EEG. The modified distractor was designed so that oscillatory activities could be entrained to it, and the strength of entrainment was used to assess the degree of distraction. Increased top-down control during the distractor challenge increased gamma power in the left parietal regions rather than the right prefrontal regions predicted from rodent studies. Specifically, left parietal gamma power increased in response to distraction where the amount of this increase was negatively correlated with the neural activity reflecting bottom-up distractor processing in the visual area. Variability in gamma power in right prefrontal regions was associated with increased response time variability during distraction. This may suggest that the right prefrontal region may contribute to the signaling needed for top-down control rather than its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Kamin Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.K.); (W.J.G.); (C.L.)
| | - William J. Gehring
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.K.); (W.J.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Cindy Lustig
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.K.); (W.J.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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2
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Karakaş S. A Review of Childhood Developmental Changes in Attention as Indexed in the Electrical Activity of the Brain. Brain Sci 2024; 14:458. [PMID: 38790437 PMCID: PMC11117988 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to present age-related changes in the neuroelectric responses of typically developing children (TDC) who are presumed to meet developmental stages appropriately. The review is based on findings from the frequently used neuropsychological tasks of active attention, where attention is deliberately focused versus passive attention where attention is drawn to a stimulus, facilitatory attention, which enhances the processing of a stimulus versus inhibitory attention, which suppresses the processing of a stimulus. The review discusses the early and late stages of attentional selectivity that correspond to early and late information processing. Age-related changes in early attentional selectivity were quantitatively represented in latencies of the event-related potential (ERP) components. Age-related changes in late attentional selectivity are also qualitatively represented by structural and functional reorganization of attentional processing and the brain areas involved. The purely bottom-up or top-down processing is challenged with age-related findings on difficult tasks that ensure a high cognitive load. TDC findings on brain oscillatory activity are enriched by findings from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The transition from the low to fast oscillations in TDC and ADHD confirmed the maturational lag hypothesis. The deviant topographical localization of the oscillations confirmed the maturational deviance model. The gamma-based match and utilization model integrates all levels of attentional processing. According to these findings and theoretical formulations, brain oscillations can potentially display the human brain's wholistic-integrative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirel Karakaş
- Psychology Department, Doğuş University, İstanbul 34775, Turkey
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3
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Karakaş S. A comparative review of the psychophysiology of attention in typically developing children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Leicht G, Björklund J, Vauth S, Mußmann M, Haaf M, Steinmann S, Rauh J, Mulert C. Gamma-band synchronisation in a frontotemporal auditory information processing network. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118307. [PMID: 34174389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations are fundamental mechanisms of the human brain that enable coordinated activity of different brain regions during perceptual and cognitive processes. A frontotemporal network generated by means of gamma oscillations and comprising the auditory cortex (AC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be involved in the cognitively demanding auditory information processing. This study aims to reveal patterns of functional and effective connectivity within this network in healthy subjects by means of simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI in 28 healthy subjects during the performance of a cognitively demanding auditory choice reaction task. Connectivity between the ACC and AC was analysed employing EEG and fMRI connectivity measures. We found a significant BOLD signal correlation between the ACC and AC, a significant task-dependant increase of fMRI connectivity (gPPI) and a significant increase in functional coupling in the gamma frequency range between these regions (LPS), which was increased in top-down direction (granger analysis). EEG and fMRI connectivity measures were positively correlated. The results of these study point to a role of a top-down influence of the ACC on the AC executed by means of gamma synchronisation. The replication of fMRI connectivity patterns in simultaneously recorded EEG data and the correlation between connectivity measures from both domains found in our study show, that brain connectivity based on the synchronisation of gamma oscillations is mirrored in fMRI connectivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany.
| | - Jonas Björklund
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vauth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Marius Mußmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Moritz Haaf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany; Center of Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Darriba Á, Van Ommen S, Hsu YF, Waszak F. Visual Predictions Operate on Different Timescales. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:984-1002. [PMID: 34428794 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Humans live in a volatile environment, subject to changes occurring at different timescales. The ability to adjust internal predictions accordingly is critical for perception and action. We studied this ability with two EEG experiments in which participants were presented with sequences of four Gabor patches, simulating a rotation, and instructed to respond to the last stimulus (target) to indicate whether or not it continued the direction of the first three stimuli. Each experiment included a short-term learning phase in which the probabilities of these two options were very different (p = .2 vs. p = .8, Rules A and B, respectively), followed by a neutral test phase in which both probabilities were equal. In addition, in one of the experiments, prior to the short-term phase, participants performed a much longer long-term learning phase where the relative probabilities of the rules predicting targets were opposite to those of the short-term phase. Analyses of the RTs and P3 amplitudes showed that, in the neutral test phase, participants initially predicted targets according to the probabilities learned in the short-term phase. However, whereas participants not pre-exposed to the long-term learning phase gradually adjusted their predictions to the neutral probabilities, for those who performed the long-term phase, the short-term associations were spontaneously replaced by those learned in that phase. This indicates that the long-term associations remained intact whereas the short-term associations were learned, transiently used, and abandoned when the context changed. The spontaneous recovery suggests independent storage and control of long-term and short-term associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian Waszak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France
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6
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Gauvreau S, Lefebvre J, Bells S, Laughlin S, Bouffet E, Mabbott DJ. Disrupted network connectivity in pediatric brain tumor survivors is a signature of injury. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2896-2909. [PMID: 31125446 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognition is compromised in pediatric brain tumor survivors but the neurophysiological basis of this compromise remains unclear. We hypothesized that reduced neural synchronization across brain networks is involved. To test this, we evaluated group differences using a retrospective cohort comparison design between 24 pediatric brain tumor survivors [11.81 ± 3.27)] and 24 age matched healthy children [12.04 ± 3.28)] in functional connectivity within a cerebellar network to examine local effects of the tumor, a whole brain network to examine diffuse effects of treatment (i.e., chemotherapy and radiation), and across multiple intrinsic connectivity networks. Neural activity was recorded during magnetoencephalography scanning while participants were at rest and functional connectivity within networks was measured using the phase lag index. We corroborated our findings using a computational model representing the local tumor effects on neural synchrony. Compared to healthy children, pediatric brain tumor survivors show increased functional connectivity for theta and beta frequency bands within the cerebellar network and increased functional connectivity for the theta band within the whole brain network that again localized to the cerebellum. Computational modeling showed that increased synchrony in the theta bad is observed following local clustering as well as sparse interarea brain connectivity. We also observed increased functional connectivity for the alpha frequency band in the ventral attention network and decreased functional connectivity within the gamma frequency band in the motor network within paedatric brain tumor survivors versus healthy children. Notably, increased gamma functional connectivity within the motor network predicted decreased reaction time on behavioral tasks in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Disrupted network synchrony may be a signature of neurological injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gauvreau
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jérémie Lefebvre
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sonya Bells
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suzanne Laughlin
- The Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons modulates the cortical topography of auditory steady-state responses. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1505-1518. [PMID: 30826928 PMCID: PMC6532347 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-density electroencephalographic (hdEEG) recordings are widely used in human studies to determine spatio-temporal patterns of cortical electrical activity. How these patterns of activity are modulated by subcortical arousal systems is poorly understood. Here, we couple selective optogenetic stimulation of a defined subcortical cell-type, basal forebrain (BF) parvalbumin (PV) neurons, with hdEEG recordings in mice (Opto-hdEEG). Stimulation of BF PV projection neurons preferentially generated time-locked gamma oscillations in frontal cortices. BF PV gamma-frequency stimulation potently modulated an auditory sensory paradigm used to probe cortical function in neuropsychiatric disorders, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Phase-locked excitation of BF PV neurons in advance of 40 Hz auditory stimuli enhanced the power, precision and reliability of cortical responses, and the relationship between responses in frontal and auditory cortices. Furthermore, synchronization within a frontal hub and long-range cortical interactions were enhanced. Thus, phasic discharge of BF PV neurons changes cortical processing in a manner reminiscent of global workspace models of attention and consciousness.
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8
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Deliano M, Brunk MGK, El-Tabbal M, Zempeltzi MM, Happel MFK, Ohl FW. Dopaminergic neuromodulation of high gamma stimulus phase-locking in gerbil primary auditory cortex mediated by D1/D5-receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29514417 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cortical release of the neurotransmitter dopamine has been implied in adapting cortical processing with respect to various functions including coding of stimulus salience, expectancy, error prediction, behavioral relevance and learning. Dopamine agonists have been shown to modulate recurrent cortico-thalamic feedback, and should therefore also affect synchronization and amplitude of thalamo-cortical oscillations. In this study, we have used multitaper spectral and time-frequency analysis of stimulus-evoked and spontaneous current source density patterns in primary auditory cortex of Mongolian gerbils to characterize dopaminergic neuromodulation of the oscillatory structure of current sources and sinks. We systemically applied D1/D5-receptor agonist SKF-38393 followed by competitive D1/D5-receptor antagonist SCH-23390. Our results reveal an increase in stimulus phase-locking in the high gamma-band (88-97 Hz) by SKF-38393, specifically in layers III/IV at the best frequency, which occurred at 20 ms after tone onset, and was reversed by SCH-23390. However, changes in induced oscillatory power after SKF-38393 treatment occurred stimulus-independently in the background activity in different layers than phase-locking effects and were not reversed by SCH-23390. These effects might either reflect longer-lasting changes in neural background noise, non-specific changes due to ketamine anesthesia, or an interaction of both. Without concomitant stimulus-induced power increase, increased stimulus phase-locking in layers III/IV indicates enhanced phase-resetting of neural oscillations by the stimulus after D1/D5-receptor activation. The frequency characteristics, together with the demonstrated stimulus specificity and layer specificity, suggest that changes in phase-resetting originate from dopaminergic neuromodulation of thalamo-cortical interactions. Enhanced phase-resetting might be a key step in the recruitment of cortical activity modes interpreting sensory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Deliano
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Michael G K Brunk
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Tabbal
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Maria M Zempeltzi
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Max F K Happel
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning (SPL), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Uji M, Wilson R, Francis ST, Mullinger KJ, Mayhew SD. Exploring the advantages of multiband fMRI with simultaneous EEG to investigate coupling between gamma frequency neural activity and the BOLD response in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1673-1687. [PMID: 29331056 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We established an optimal combination of EEG recording during sparse multiband (MB) fMRI that preserves high-resolution, whole-brain fMRI coverage while enabling broad-band EEG recordings which are uncorrupted by MRI gradient artefacts (GAs). We first determined the safety of simultaneous EEG recording during MB fMRI. Application of MB factor = 4 produced <1°C peak heating of electrode/hardware during 20 min of GE-EPI data acquisition. However, higher SAR sequences require specific safety testing, with greater heating observed using PCASL with MB factor = 4. Heating was greatest in the electrocardiogram channel, likely due to it possessing longest lead length. We investigated the effect of MB factor on the temporal signal-to-noise ratio for a range of GE-EPI sequences (varying MB factor and temporal interval between slice acquisitions). We found that, for our experimental purpose, the optimal acquisition was achieved with MB factor = 3, 3mm isotropic voxels, and 33 slices providing whole head coverage. This sequence afforded a 2.25 s duration quiet period (without GAs) in every 3 s TR. Using this sequence, we demonstrated the ability to record gamma frequency (55-80 Hz) EEG oscillations, in response to right index finger abduction, that are usually obscured by GAs during continuous fMRI data acquisition. In this novel application of EEG-MB fMRI to a motor task, we observed a positive correlation between gamma and BOLD responses in bilateral motor regions. These findings support and extend previous work regarding coupling between neural and hemodynamic measures of brain activity in humans and showcase the utility of EEG-MB fMRI for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Uji
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre (SPMIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Mullinger
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre (SPMIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Mayhew
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Darriba Á, Waszak F. Predictions through evidence accumulation over time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:494. [PMID: 29323172 PMCID: PMC5765034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the brain specializes in predicting future states of the environment. These predictions are probabilistic, and must be continuously updated on the basis of their mismatch with actual evidence. Although electrophysiological data disclose neural activity patterns in relation to predictive processes, little is known about how this activity supports prediction build-up through evidence accumulation. Here we addressed this gap. Participants were required to make moment-by-moment predictions about stimuli presented in sequences in which gathering evidence from previous items as they were presented was either possible or not. Two event-related potentials (ERP), a frontocentral P2 and a central P3, were sensitive to information accumulation throughout the sequence. Time-frequency (TF) analyses revealed that prediction build-up process also modulated centrally distributed theta activity, and that alpha power was suppressed in anticipation to fully predictable stimuli. Results are in agreement with the notion of predictions as probability distributions and highlight the ability of observers to extract those probabilities in a changing environment and to adjust their predictions consequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Darriba
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8242, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8242, 75006, Paris, France
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11
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Kober SE, Witte M, Neuper C, Wood G. Specific or nonspecific? Evaluation of band, baseline, and cognitive specificity of sensorimotor rhythm- and gamma-based neurofeedback. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 120:1-13. [PMID: 28652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is often criticized because of the lack of empirical evidence of its specificity. Our present study thus focused on the specificity of NF on three levels: band specificity, cognitive specificity, and baseline specificity. Ten healthy middle-aged individuals performed ten sessions of SMR (sensorimotor rhythm, 12-15Hz) NF training. A second group (N=10) received feedback of a narrow gamma band (40-43Hz). Effects of NF on EEG resting measurements (tonic EEG) and cognitive functions (memory, intelligence) were evaluated using a pre-post design. Both training groups were able to linearly increase the target training frequencies (either SMR or gamma), indicating the trainability of these EEG frequencies. Both NF training protocols led to nonspecific changes in other frequency bands during NF training. While SMR NF only led to concomitant changes in slower frequencies, gamma training affected nearly the whole power spectrum. SMR NF specifically improved memory functions. Gamma training showed only marginal effects on cognitive functions. SMR power assessed during resting measurements significantly increased after SMR NF training compared to a pre-assessment, indicating specific effects of SMR NF on baseline/tonic EEG. The gamma group did not show any pre-post changes in their EEG resting activity. In conclusion, SMR NF specifically affects cognitive functions (cognitive specificity) and tonic EEG (baseline specificity), while increasing SMR during NF training nonspecifically affects slower EEG frequencies as well (band non-specificity). Gamma NF was associated with nonspecific effects on the EEG power spectrum during training, which did not lead to considerable changes in cognitive functions or baseline EEG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Erika Kober
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Christa Neuper
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
| | - Guilherme Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
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12
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Braboszcz C, Cahn BR, Levy J, Fernandez M, Delorme A. Increased Gamma Brainwave Amplitude Compared to Control in Three Different Meditation Traditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170647. [PMID: 28118405 PMCID: PMC5261734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, effects of different types of meditation on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity are still being defined. We compared practitioners of three different meditation traditions (Vipassana, Himalayan Yoga and Isha Shoonya) with a control group during a meditative and instructed mind-wandering (IMW) block. All meditators showed higher parieto-occipital 60–110 Hz gamma amplitude than control subjects as a trait effect observed during meditation and when considering meditation and IMW periods together. Moreover, this gamma power was positively correlated with participants meditation experience. Independent component analysis was used to show that gamma activity did not originate in eye or muscle artifacts. In addition, we observed higher 7–11 Hz alpha activity in the Vipassana group compared to all the other groups during both meditation and instructed mind wandering and lower 10–11 Hz activity in the Himalayan yoga group during meditation only. We showed that meditation practice is correlated to changes in the EEG gamma frequency range that are common to a variety of meditation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Braboszcz
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
- CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - B. Rael Cahn
- University of Southern California Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California Brain and Creativity Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Manuel Fernandez
- Meditation Research Institute, Swami Rama Sadhaka Grama, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
- CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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13
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Atypical Bilateral Brain Synchronization in the Early Stage of Human Voice Auditory Processing in Young Children with Autism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153077. [PMID: 27074011 PMCID: PMC4830448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been postulated to involve impaired neuronal cooperation in large-scale neural networks, including cortico-cortical interhemispheric circuitry. In the context of ASD, alterations in both peripheral and central auditory processes have also attracted a great deal of interest because these changes appear to represent pathophysiological processes; therefore, many prior studies have focused on atypical auditory responses in ASD. The auditory evoked field (AEF), recorded by magnetoencephalography, and the synchronization of these processes between right and left hemispheres was recently suggested to reflect various cognitive abilities in children. However, to date, no previous study has focused on AEF synchronization in ASD subjects. To assess global coordination across spatially distributed brain regions, the analysis of Omega complexity from multichannel neurophysiological data was proposed. Using Omega complexity analysis, we investigated the global coordination of AEFs in 3–8-year-old typically developing (TD) children (n = 50) and children with ASD (n = 50) in 50-ms time-windows. Children with ASD displayed significantly higher Omega complexities compared with TD children in the time-window of 0–50 ms, suggesting lower whole brain synchronization in the early stage of the P1m component. When we analyzed the left and right hemispheres separately, no significant differences in any time-windows were observed. These results suggest lower right-left hemispheric synchronization in children with ASD compared with TD children. Our study provides new evidence of aberrant neural synchronization in young children with ASD by investigating auditory evoked neural responses to the human voice.
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14
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Yoshimura Y, Kikuchi M, Hiraishi H, Hasegawa C, Takahashi T, Remijn GB, Oi M, Munesue T, Higashida H, Minabe Y, Kojima H. Atypical development of the central auditory system in young children with Autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2016; 9:1216-1226. [PMID: 26808455 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The P1m component of the auditory evoked magnetic field is the earliest cortical response associated with language acquisition. However, the growth curve of the P1m component is unknown in both typically developing (TD) and atypically developing children. The aim of this study is to clarify the developmental pattern of this component when evoked by binaural human voice stimulation using child-customized magnetoencephalography. A total of 35 young TD children (32-121 months of age) and 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (38-111 months of age) participated in this study. This is the first report to demonstrate an inverted U-shaped growth curve for the P1m dipole intensity in the left hemisphere in TD children. In addition, our results revealed a more diversified age-related distribution of auditory brain responses in 3- to 9-year-old children with ASD. These results demonstrate the diversified growth curve of the P1m component in ASD during young childhood, which is a crucial period for first language acquisition. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1216-1226. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Gerard B Remijn
- International Education Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Manabu Oi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Kojima
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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15
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Leicht G, Vauth S, Polomac N, Andreou C, Rauh J, Mußmann M, Karow A, Mulert C. EEG-Informed fMRI Reveals a Disturbed Gamma-Band-Specific Network in Subjects at High Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:239-49. [PMID: 26163477 PMCID: PMC4681551 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormalities of oscillatory gamma activity are supposed to reflect a core pathophysiological mechanism underlying cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia. The auditory evoked gamma-band response (aeGBR) is known to be reduced across all stages of the disease. The present study aimed to elucidate alterations of an aeGBR-specific network mediated by gamma oscillations in the high-risk state of psychosis (HRP) by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) informed by electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS EEG and fMRI were simultaneously recorded from 27 HRP individuals and 26 healthy controls (HC) during performance of a cognitively demanding auditory reaction task. We used single trial coupling of the aeGBR with the corresponding blood oxygen level depending response (EEG-informed fMRI). RESULTS A gamma-band-specific network was significantly lower active in HRP subjects compared with HC (random effects analysis, P < .01, Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons) accompanied by a worse task performance. This network involved the bilateral auditory cortices, the thalamus and frontal brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we report a reduced activation of an aeGBR-specific network in HRP subjects brought forward by EEG-informed fMRI. Because the HRP reflects the clinical risk for conversion to psychotic disorders including schizophrenia and the aeGBR has repeatedly been shown to be altered in patients with schizophrenia the results of our study point towards a potential applicability of aeGBR disturbances as a marker for the prediction of transition of HRP subjects to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
| | - Sebastian Vauth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Nenad Polomac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
| | - Marius Mußmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
| | - Anne Karow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB) and
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16
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Generators and Connectivity of the Early Auditory Evoked Gamma Band Response. Brain Topogr 2015; 28:865-78. [PMID: 25926268 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High frequency oscillations in the gamma range are known to be involved in early stages of auditory information processing in terms of synchronization of brain regions, e.g., in cognitive functions. It has been shown using EEG source localisation, as well as simultaneously recorded EEG-fMRI, that the auditory evoked gamma-band response (aeGBR) is modulated by attention. In addition to auditory cortex activity a dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) generator could be involved. In the present study we investigated aeGBR magnetic fields using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We aimed to localize the aeGBR sources and its connectivity features in relation to mental effort. We investigated the aeGBR magnetic fields in 13 healthy participants using a 275-channel CTF-MEG system. The experimental paradigms were two auditory choice reaction tasks with different difficulties and demands for mental effort. We performed source localization with eLORETA and calculated the aeGBR lagged phase synchronization between bilateral auditory cortices and frontal midline structures. The eLORETA analysis revealed sources of the aeGBR within bilateral auditory cortices and in frontal midline structures of the brain including the dACC. Compared to the control condition the dACC source activity was found to be significantly stronger during the performance of the cognitively demanding task. Moreover, this task involved a significantly stronger functional connectivity between auditory cortices and dACC. In accordance with previous EEG and EEG-fMRI investigations, our study confirms an aeGBR generator in the dACC by means of MEG and suggests its involvement in the effortful processing of auditory stimuli.
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17
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Size and synchronization of auditory cortex promotes musical, literacy, and attentional skills in children. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10937-49. [PMID: 25122894 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5315-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Playing a musical instrument is associated with numerous neural processes that continuously modify the human brain and may facilitate characteristic auditory skills. In a longitudinal study, we investigated the auditory and neural plasticity of musical learning in 111 young children (aged 7-9 y) as a function of the intensity of instrumental practice and musical aptitude. Because of the frequent co-occurrence of central auditory processing disorders and attentional deficits, we also tested 21 children with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder [AD(H)D]. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography revealed enlarged Heschl's gyri and enhanced right-left hemispheric synchronization of the primary evoked response (P1) to harmonic complex sounds in children who spent more time practicing a musical instrument. The anatomical characteristics were positively correlated with frequency discrimination, reading, and spelling skills. Conversely, AD(H)D children showed reduced volumes of Heschl's gyri and enhanced volumes of the plana temporalia that were associated with a distinct bilateral P1 asynchrony. This may indicate a risk for central auditory processing disorders that are often associated with attentional and literacy problems. The longitudinal comparisons revealed a very high stability of auditory cortex morphology and gray matter volumes, suggesting that the combined anatomical and functional parameters are neural markers of musicality and attention deficits. Educational and clinical implications are considered.
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18
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Port RG, Gandal MJ, Roberts TPL, Siegel SJ, Carlson GC. Convergence of circuit dysfunction in ASD: a common bridge between diverse genetic and environmental risk factors and common clinical electrophysiology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:414. [PMID: 25538564 PMCID: PMC4259121 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recent estimates indicate that 1 in 68 children are affected by an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Though decades of research have uncovered much about these disorders, the pathological mechanism remains unknown. Hampering efforts is the seeming inability to integrate findings over the micro to macro scales of study, from changes in molecular, synaptic and cellular function to large-scale brain dysfunction impacting sensory, communicative, motor and cognitive activity. In this review, we describe how studies focusing on neuronal circuit function provide unique context for identifying common neurobiological disease mechanisms of ASD. We discuss how recent EEG and MEG studies in subjects with ASD have repeatedly shown alterations in ensemble population recordings (both in simple evoked related potential latencies and specific frequency subcomponents). Because these disease-associated electrophysiological abnormalities have been recapitulated in rodent models, studying circuit differences in these models may provide access to abnormal circuit function found in ASD. We then identify emerging in vivo and ex vivo techniques, focusing on how these assays can characterize circuit level dysfunction and determine if these abnormalities underlie abnormal clinical electrophysiology. Such circuit level study in animal models may help us understand how diverse genetic and environmental risks can produce a common set of EEG, MEG and anatomical abnormalities found in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory C Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Bauer AKR, Kreutz G, Herrmann CS. Individual musical tempo preference correlates with EEG beta rhythm. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:600-4. [PMID: 25353087 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Every individual has a preferred musical tempo, which peaks slightly above 120 beats per minute and is subject to interindividual variation. The preferred tempo is believed to be associated with rhythmic body movements as well as motor cortex activity. However, a long-standing question is whether preferred tempo is determined biologically. To uncover the neural correlates of preferred tempo, we first determined an individual's preferred tempo using a multistep procedure. Subsequently, we correlated the preferred tempo with a general EEG timing parameter as well as perceptual and motor EEG correlates-namely, individual alpha frequency, auditory evoked gamma band response, and motor beta activity. Results showed a significant relation between preferred tempo and the frequency of motor beta activity. These findings suggest that individual tempo preferences result from neural activity in the motor cortex, explaining the interindividual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina R Bauer
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all," European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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20
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MacLean SE, Ward LM. Temporo-frontal phase synchronization supports hierarchical network for mismatch negativity. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1604-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Time–Frequency Analysis of Event-Related Potentials: A Brief Tutorial. Brain Topogr 2013; 27:438-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-013-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Ferrarelli F, Smith R, Dentico D, Riedner BA, Zennig C, Benca RM, Lutz A, Davidson RJ, Tononi G. Experienced mindfulness meditators exhibit higher parietal-occipital EEG gamma activity during NREM sleep. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73417. [PMID: 24015304 PMCID: PMC3756031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years meditation practice has gained increasing attention as a non-pharmacological intervention to provide health related benefits, from promoting general wellness to alleviating the symptoms of a variety of medical conditions. However, the effects of meditation training on brain activity still need to be fully characterized. Sleep provides a unique approach to explore the meditation-related plastic changes in brain function. In this study we performed sleep high-density electroencephalographic (hdEEG) recordings in long-term meditators (LTM) of Buddhist meditation practices (approximately 8700 mean hours of life practice) and meditation naive individuals. We found that LTM had increased parietal-occipital EEG gamma power during NREM sleep. This increase was specific for the gamma range (25–40 Hz), was not related to the level of spontaneous arousal during NREM and was positively correlated with the length of lifetime daily meditation practice. Altogether, these findings indicate that meditation practice produces measurable changes in spontaneous brain activity, and suggest that EEG gamma activity during sleep represents a sensitive measure of the long-lasting, plastic effects of meditative training on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniela Dentico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brady A. Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Corinna Zennig
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Benca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Waisman Center for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Waisman Center for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Pinheiro AP, Del Re E, Mezin J, Nestor PG, Rauber A, McCarley RW, Gonçalves OF, Niznikiewicz MA. Sensory-based and higher-order operations contribute to abnormal emotional prosody processing in schizophrenia: an electrophysiological investigation. Psychol Med 2013; 43:603-18. [PMID: 22781212 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200133x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits in emotional prosody (EP) perception. However, it is not clear which stages of processing prosody are abnormal and whether the presence of semantic content contributes to the abnormality. This study aimed to examine event-related potential (ERP) correlates of EP processing in 15 chronic schizophrenia individuals and 15 healthy controls. METHOD A total of 114 sentences with neutral semantic content [sentences with semantic content (SSC) condition] were generated by a female speaker (38 with happy, 38 with angry, and 38 with neutral intonation). The same sentences were synthesized and presented in the 'pure prosody' sentences (PPS) condition where semantic content was unintelligible. RESULTS Group differences were observed for N100 and P200 amplitude: patients were characterized by more negative N100 for SSC, and more positive P200 for angry and happy SSC and happy PPS. Correlations were found between delusions and P200 amplitude for happy SSC and PPS. Higher error rates in the recognition of EP were also observed in schizophrenia: higher error rates in neutral SSC were associated with reduced N100, and higher error rates in angry SSC were associated with reduced P200. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that abnormalities in prosody processing occur at the three stages of EP processing, and are enhanced in SSC. Correlations between P200 amplitude for happy prosody and delusions suggest a role that abnormalities in the processing of emotionally salient acoustic cues may play in schizophrenia symptomatology. Correlations between ERP and behavioral data point to a relationship between early sensory abnormalities and prosody recognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Pinheiro
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CiPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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24
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Nöstl A, Marsh JE, Sörqvist P. Expectations modulate the magnitude of attentional capture by auditory events. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48569. [PMID: 23144902 PMCID: PMC3492454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines the magnitude of attentional capture by deviant sound events? We combined the cross-modal oddball distraction paradigm with sequence learning to address this question. Participants responded to visual targets, each preceded by tones that formed a repetitive cross-trial standard sequence. In Experiment 1, with the standard tone sequence …-660-440-660-880-… Hz, either the 440 Hz or the 880 Hz standard was occasionally replaced by one of two deviant tones (220 Hz and 1100 Hz), that either differed slightly (by 220 Hz) or markedly (by 660 Hz) from the replaced standard. In Experiment 2, with the standard tone sequence …-220-660-440-660-880-660-1100-… Hz, the 440 Hz and the 880 Hz standard was occasionally replaced by either a 220 Hz or a 1100 Hz pattern deviant. In both experiments, a high-pitch deviant was more captivating when it replaced a low-pitch standard, and a low-pitch deviant was more captivating when it replaced a high-pitch standard. These results indicate that the magnitude of attentional capture by deviant sound events depends on the discrepancy between the deviant event and the expected event, not on perceived local change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatole Nöstl
- Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, Bulgaria
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26
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Bendixen A, SanMiguel I, Schröger E. Early electrophysiological indicators for predictive processing in audition: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 83:120-31. [PMID: 21867734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bendixen
- Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Seeburgstraße 14-20, Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Auditory event-related response in visual cortex modulates subsequent visual responses in humans. J Neurosci 2011; 31:7729-36. [PMID: 21613485 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1076-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from electrophysiological data in animal and human studies suggests that multisensory interaction is not exclusively a higher-order process, but also takes place in primary sensory cortices. Such early multisensory interaction is thought to be mediated by means of phase resetting. The presentation of a stimulus to one sensory modality resets the phase of ongoing oscillations in another modality such that processing in the latter modality is modulated. In humans, evidence for such a mechanism is still sparse. In the current study, the influence of an auditory stimulus on visual processing was investigated by measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral responses of humans to visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimulation with varying stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). We observed three distinct oscillatory EEG responses in our data. An initial gamma-band response around 50 Hz was followed by a beta-band response around 25 Hz, and a theta response around 6 Hz. The latter was enhanced in response to cross-modal stimuli as compared to either unimodal stimuli. Interestingly, the beta response to unimodal auditory stimuli was dominant in electrodes over visual areas. The SOA between auditory and visual stimuli--albeit not consciously perceived--had a modulatory impact on the multisensory evoked beta-band responses; i.e., the amplitude depended on SOA in a sinusoidal fashion, suggesting a phase reset. These findings further support the notion that parameters of brain oscillations such as amplitude and phase are essential predictors of subsequent brain responses and might be one of the mechanisms underlying multisensory integration.
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28
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Naue N, Strüber D, Fründ I, Schadow J, Lenz D, Rach S, Körner U, Herrmann CS. Gamma in motion: pattern reversal elicits stronger gamma-band responses than motion. Neuroimage 2010; 55:808-17. [PMID: 21130171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed higher gamma-band responses (GBRs, ≈40 Hz) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) for moving compared to stationary stimuli. However, it is unclear whether this modulation by motion reflects a special responsiveness of the GBR to the stimulus feature "motion," or whether GBR enhancements of similar magnitude can be elicited also by a salient change within a static stimulus that does not include motion. Therefore, we measured the EEG of healthy subjects watching stationary square wave gratings of high contrast that either started to move or reversed their black and white pattern shortly after their onset. The strong contrast change of the pattern reversal represented a salient but motionless change within the grating that was compared to the onset of the stationary grating and the motion onset. Induced and evoked GBRs were analyzed for all three display conditions. In order to assess the influence of fixational eye movements on the induced GBRs, we also examined the time courses of microsaccade rates during the three display conditions. Amplitudes of both evoked and induced GBRs were stronger for pattern reversal than for motion onset. There was no significant amplitude difference between the onsets of the stationary and moving gratings. However, mean frequencies of the induced GBR were ~10 Hz higher in response to the onsets of moving compared to stationary gratings. Furthermore, the modulations of the induced GBR did not parallel the modulations of microsaccade rate, indicating that our induced GBRs reflect neuronal processes. These results suggest that, within the gamma-band range, the encoding of moving gratings in early visual cortex is primarily based on an upward frequency shift, whereas contrast changes within static gratings are reflected by amplitude enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Naue
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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29
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Zaehle T, Lenz D, Ohl FW, Herrmann CS. Resonance phenomena in the human auditory cortex: individual resonance frequencies of the cerebral cortex determine electrophysiological responses. Exp Brain Res 2010; 203:629-35. [PMID: 20449728 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain can be considered a dynamical system which is able to oscillate at multiple frequencies. To study the brain's preferred oscillation frequencies, the resonance frequencies in the frequency response of the system can be assessed by stimulating the brain at various stimulation frequencies. Furthermore, the event-related potential (ERP) can be considered as the brain's impulse response. For linear dynamical systems, the frequency response should be equivalent to the frequency transform of the impulse response. The present study test whether this fundamental relation is also true for the frequency transform of the ERP and the frequency response of the brain. Results show that the spectral characteristics of both impulse and frequency response in the gamma frequency range are significantly correlated. Thus, we speculate that the resonance frequencies determine the frequency spectrum of the impulse response. This, in turn, implies that both measures are determined by the same, individually specific, neuronal generator mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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30
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Lenz D, Krauel K, Flechtner HH, Schadow J, Hinrichs H, Herrmann CS. Altered evoked gamma-band responses reveal impaired early visual processing in ADHD children. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:1985-93. [PMID: 20350556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurophysiological studies yield contrary results whether attentional problems of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are related to early visual processing deficits or not. Evoked gamma-band responses (GBRs), being among the first cortical responses occurring as early as 90ms after visual stimulation in human EEG, have been assigned a pivotal role in early visual processing. In particular, they are involved in memory matching processes and are enhanced when known stimuli are processed. The current study examined whether evoked GBR patterns during early memory matching processes could be indicative of an early visual processing deficit in ADHD patients. EEG was recorded from 13 young ADHD patients as well as 13 age-matched healthy participants. Both groups performed a simple forced choice reaction task employing line drawings of either known real-world items with representations in long-term memory or physically similar unknown items without such representations. Evoked GBRs of ADHD patients did not differentiate between known and unknown items. However, in healthy children, evoked GBRs were enhanced when stimuli matched a representation stored in memory. This finding indicates disadvantages at early visual processing stages in ADHD patients: In contrast to healthy participants, ADHD children lack an early memory based classification, possibly resulting in an impaired ability to rapidly reallocate attentional resources to relevant stimuli. These findings suggest that impaired early automatic stimulus classification in ADHD patients could be involved in deficits of selective and sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lenz
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
In reverberant environments, the brain can suppress echoes so that auditory perception is dominated by the primary or leading sounds. Echo suppression comprises at least two distinct phenomena whose neural bases are unknown: spatial translocation of an echo toward the primary sound, and object capture to combine echo and primary sounds into a single event. In an electroencephalography study, we presented subjects with primary-echo (leading-lagging) click pairs in virtual acoustic space, with interclick delay at the individual's 50% suppression threshold. On each trial, subjects reported both click location (one or both hemifields) and the number of clicks they heard (one or two). Thus, the threshold stimulus led to two common percepts: Suppressed and Not Suppressed. On some trials, a subset of subjects reported an intermediate percept, in which two clicks were perceived in the same hemifield as the leading click, providing a dissociation between spatial translocation and object capture. We conducted time-frequency and event-related potential analyses to examine the time course of the neural mechanisms mediating echo suppression. Enhanced gamma band phase synchronization (peaking at approximately 40 Hz) specific to successful echo suppression was evident from 20 to 60 ms after stimulus onset. N1 latency provided a categorical neural marker of spatial translocation, whereas N1 amplitude still reflected the physical presence of a second (lagging) click. These results provide evidence that (1) echo suppression begins early, at the latest when the acoustic signal first reaches cortex, and (2) the brain spatially translocates a perceived echo before the primary sound captures it.
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Single-trial coupling of the gamma-band response and the corresponding BOLD signal. Neuroimage 2009; 49:2238-47. [PMID: 19878729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in the gamma-band frequency range have been described to be more closely connected to hemodynamic changes as assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) than other aspects of neuronal activity. In addition, gamma-band oscillations have attracted much interest during the last few years since they are thought to play a crucial role in many aspects of brain function related to perception and cognition. It was the aim of the present simultaneous EEG-fMRI study to identify brain regions specifically involved in the generation of the auditory gamma-band response (GBR) using single-trial coupling of EEG and fMRI. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. Three different runs of an auditory choice reaction task with increasing difficulty were performed. Brain activity was recorded simultaneously with high density EEG (61 channels) and fMRI (1.5 T). BOLD correlates of the GBR have been predicted using the single-trial amplitude of the GBR. Reaction times (p<0.001), error rates (p<0.05) and self-ratings of task difficulty and effort demands (p<0.001) were related to the level of difficulty in the task. In addition, we found a significant influence of task difficulty on the amplitude of the GBR at Cz (p<0.05). Using single-trial coupling of EEG and fMRI GBR-specific activations were found only in the auditory cortex, the thalamus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the most difficult run. Single-trial coupling might be a useful method in order to increase our knowledge about the functional neuroanatomy of "neural ensembles" coupled by 40 Hz oscillations.
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Herrmann CS, Fründ I, Lenz D. Human gamma-band activity: a review on cognitive and behavioral correlates and network models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:981-92. [PMID: 19744515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-band oscillations (roughly 30-100 Hz) in human and animal EEG have received considerable attention in the past due to their correlations with cognitive processes. Here, we want to sketch how some of the higher cognitive functions can be explained by memory processes which are known to modulate gamma activity. Especially, the function of binding together the multiple features of a perceived object requires a comparison with contents stored in memory. In addition, we review recent findings about the actual behavioral relevance of human gamma-band activity. Interestingly, rather simple models of spiking neurons are not only able to generate oscillatory activity within the gamma-band range, but even show modulations of these oscillations in line with findings from human experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Herrmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
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