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Kösling C, Schäfer L, Hübner C, Sebert C, Hilbert A, Schmidt R. Food-Induced Brain Activity in Children with Overweight or Obesity versus Normal Weight: An Electroencephalographic Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121653. [PMID: 36552113 PMCID: PMC9775366 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increased food cue reactivity is evidenced to be crucial to the development and maintenance of pediatric obesity, virtually nothing is known about the underlying neurophysiological aspects of food cue reactivity in children with obesity. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating neural characteristics in children with overweight or obesity using electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS Electrophysiological brain activity was measured using EEG frequency band analysis in n = 9 children with overweight or obesity versus n = 16 children with normal weight (8-13 years) during the presentation of high- and low-calorie food pictures and images of appealing non-food stimuli. RESULTS Children with overweight or obesity showed significantly increased relative central beta band activity induced by high-calorie foods and appealing non-food stimuli compared to children with normal weight. Beyond significant effects of the scalp region on EEG activity, non-significant effects of stimulus category or weight status were seen for theta and alpha frequency bands. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated elevated beta band activity in children with overweight or obesity when viewing high-calorie food stimuli. Beta band activity may, thus, be a valuable target for neuromodulatory interventions in children with overweight or obesity.
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2
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Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cortical sources of EEG rhythms in the resting state in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study. Neuroreport 2022; 33:180-185. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Neuroimaging of EEG Rhythms at Resting State in Normal Elderly Adults: A Standard Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography Study. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:72-77. [PMID: 32976211 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain source mechanisms of the cortical EEG brainwave at the resting state in the elderly during normal aging are rarely known. To solve the problem, we use a standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography to explore the brain source mechanisms on the effects of healthy aging on brain function at the resting state. METHODS Eye-closed EEG signals at resting state were sampled in 13 normal elderly adults and 17 normal young adults. The EEG rhythms by frequency band, delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2 were of interest for this analysis. Brain sources of these rhythms were estimated by standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. RESULTS Statistical results demonstrated that central, parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 1 and theta brain sources presented the pattern normal young adults > normal elderly adults (P < 0.05), whereas the global beta 1 and beta 2 brain sources presented the pattern normal elderly adults > normal young adults (P < 0.05). Moreover, the same is true that amplitude of central, parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 2 brain sources were lower in normal elderly adults compared with those in normal young adults (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that normal aging is linked to cortical neural desynchronization of alpha and delta rhythms and synchronization of beta rhythm in central, parietal, and frontal cortices at resting state.
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4
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Gambino G, Giglia G, Schiera G, Di Majo D, Epifanio MS, La Grutta S, Lo Baido R, Ferraro G, Sardo P. Haptic Perception in Extreme Obesity: qEEG Study Focused on Predictive Coding and Body Schema. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120908. [PMID: 33255709 PMCID: PMC7760572 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptic perception (HP) is a perceptual modality requiring manual exploration to elaborate the physical characteristics of external stimuli through multisensory integrative cortical pathways. Cortical areas exploit processes of predictive coding that collect sensorial inputs to build and update internal perceptual models. Modifications to the internal representation of the body have been associated with eating disorders. In the light of this, obese subjects were selected as a valid experimental model to explore predictive coding in haptic perception. To this purpose, we performed electroencephalographic (EEG) continuous recordings during a haptic task in normally weighted versus obese subjects. EEG power spectra were analyzed in different time intervals. The quality of haptic performance in the obese group was poorer than in control subjects, though exploration times were similar. Spectral analysis showed a significant decrease in theta, alpha and beta frequencies in the right temporo-parietal areas of obese group, whereas gamma bands significantly increased in the left frontal areas. These results suggest that severe obesity could be characterized by an impairment in haptic performances and an altered activation of multisensory integrative cortical areas. These are involved in functional coding of external stimuli, which could interfere with the ability to process a predicted condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
- Euro Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology-I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Girolamo Schiera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Epifanio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Sabina La Grutta
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosa Lo Baido
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (D.D.M.); (R.L.B.); (G.F.); (P.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
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5
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Tagini S, Scarpina F, Scacchi M, Mauro A, Zampini M. Reduced Temporal Sensitivity in Obesity: Evidence From a Simultaneity Judgement Task. Multisens Res 2020; 33:777-791. [PMID: 31978872 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-20201501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence showed a reduced temporal sensitivity (i.e., larger temporal binding window) to audiovisual asynchrony in obesity. Our aim was to extend this investigation to visuotactile stimuli, comparing individuals of healthy weight and with obesity in a simultaneity judgment task. We verified that individuals with obesity had a larger temporal binding window than healthy-weight individuals, meaning that they tend to integrate visuotactile stimuli over an extended range of stimulus onset asynchronies. We point out that our finding gives evidence in support of a more pervasive impairment of the temporal discrimination of co-occurrent stimuli, which might affect multisensory integration in obesity. We discuss our results referring to the possible role of atypical oscillatory neural activity and structural anomalies in affecting the perception of simultaneity between multisensory stimuli in obesity. Finally, we highlight the urgency of a deeper understanding of multisensory integration in obesity at least for two reasons. First, multisensory bodily illusions might be used to manipulate body dissatisfaction in obesity. Second, multisensory integration anomalies in obesity might lead to a dissimilar perception of food, encouraging overeating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tagini
- 1Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - Federica Scarpina
- 2Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.,3'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- 2Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.,4Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- 2Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.,3'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Zampini
- 1Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy.,5Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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6
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Morys F, Janssen LK, Cesnaite E, Beyer F, Garcia-Garcia I, Kube J, Kumral D, Liem F, Mehl N, Mahjoory K, Schrimpf A, Gaebler M, Margulies D, Villringer A, Neumann J, Nikulin VV, Horstmann A. Hemispheric asymmetries in resting-state EEG and fMRI are related to approach and avoidance behaviour, but not to eating behaviour or BMI. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1136-1152. [PMID: 31750607 PMCID: PMC7267939 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of our behaviour is driven by two motivational dimensions—approach and avoidance. These have been related to frontal hemispheric asymmetries in clinical and resting‐state EEG studies: Approach was linked to higher activity of the left relative to the right hemisphere, while avoidance was related to the opposite pattern. Increased approach behaviour, specifically towards unhealthy foods, is also observed in obesity and has been linked to asymmetry in the framework of the right‐brain hypothesis of obesity. Here, we aimed to replicate previous EEG findings of hemispheric asymmetries for self‐reported approach/avoidance behaviour and to relate them to eating behaviour. Further, we assessed whether resting fMRI hemispheric asymmetries can be detected and whether they are related to approach/avoidance, eating behaviour and BMI. We analysed three samples: Sample 1 (n = 117) containing EEG and fMRI data from lean participants, and Samples 2 (n = 89) and 3 (n = 152) containing fMRI data from lean, overweight and obese participants. In Sample 1, approach behaviour in women was related to EEG, but not to fMRI hemispheric asymmetries. In Sample 2, approach/avoidance behaviours were related to fMRI hemispheric asymmetries. Finally, hemispheric asymmetries were not related to either BMI or eating behaviour in any of the samples. Our study partly replicates previous EEG findings regarding hemispheric asymmetries and indicates that this relationship could also be captured using fMRI. Our findings suggest that eating behaviour and obesity are likely to be mediated by mechanisms not directly relating to frontal asymmetries in neuronal activation quantified with EEG and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Cesnaite
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1/A5, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jana Kube
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Deniz Kumral
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Mehl
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Keyvan Mahjoory
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,University of Muenster, Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anne Schrimpf
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Gaebler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Margulies
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule - University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1/A5, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Wolff A, Gomez-Pilar J, Nakao T, Northoff G. Interindividual neural differences in moral decision-making are mediated by alpha power and delta/theta phase coherence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4432. [PMID: 30872647 PMCID: PMC6418194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As technology in Artificial Intelligence has developed, the question of how to program driverless cars to respond to an emergency has arisen. It was recently shown that approval of the consequential behavior of driverless cars varied with the number of lives saved and showed interindividual differences, with approval increasing alongside the number of lives saved. In the present study, interindividual differences in individualized moral decision-making at both the behavioral and neural level were investigated using EEG. It was found that alpha event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and delta/theta phase-locking - intertrial coherence (ITC) and phase-locking value (PLV) - play a central role in mediating interindividual differences in Moral decision-making. In addition, very late alpha activity differences between individualized and shared stimuli, and delta/theta ITC, where shown to be closely related to reaction time and subjectively perceived emotional distress. This demonstrates that interindividual differences in Moral decision-making are mediated neuronally by various markers - late alpha ERSP, and delta/theta ITC - as well as psychologically by reaction time and perceived emotional distress. Our data show, for the first time, how and according to which neuronal and behavioral measures interindividual differences in Moral dilemmas can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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8
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Schmidt R, Sebert C, Kösling C, Grunwald M, Hilbert A, Hübner C, Schäfer L. Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Indicators of General and Food-Specific Impulsivity in Children with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121983. [PMID: 30558260 PMCID: PMC6316789 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity, particularly towards food, is a potential risk factor for increased energy intake and the development and maintenance of obesity in children. However, neuropsychological and neurophysiological indicators of general and food-specific impulsivity and their association with children's weight status are poorly understood. This pilot study examined electroencephalography (EEG) frequency band profiles during eyes-closed and eyes-open resting state in n = 12 children with overweight or obesity versus n = 22 normal-weight controls and their link to child- and parent-reported and experimentally assessed impulsivity of children (e.g., risk-taking behavior, approach-avoidance behavior towards food). The main results indicated that children with overweight/obesity versus normal weight showed significantly increased delta and decreased alpha band activity during eyes-closed resting state. Across the total sample, EEG slow-wave band activity was particularly linked to self- and parent-reported impulsivity and greater risk-taking behavior, but not to approach behavior towards food, after controlling for children's age and weight status. The identification of specific EEG patterns in children with excess weight may provide a new basis for developing neurophysiological diagnostic and treatment approaches for childhood obesity. Future studies with larger samples and longitudinal designs are needed to replicate the present findings and test their stability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Caroline Sebert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christine Kösling
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Grunwald
- Haptic-Research Laboratory, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Hübner
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lisa Schäfer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Geha P, Cecchi G, Todd Constable R, Abdallah C, Small DM. Reorganization of brain connectivity in obesity. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1403-1420. [PMID: 27859973 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global brain connectivity (GBC) identifies regions of the brain, termed "hubs," which are densely connected and metabolically costly, and have a wide influence on brain function. Since obesity is associated with central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction we sought to determine if GBC is altered in obesity. Two independent fMRI data sets were subjected to GBC analyses. The first data set was acquired while participants (n = 15 healthy weight and 15 obese) tasted milkshake and the second with participants at rest (n = 33 healthy weight and 28 obese). In the resting state and during milkshake consumption GBC is consistently decreased in the ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula and caudate nucleus, and increased in brain regions belonging to the dorsal attention network including premotor areas, superior parietal lobule, and visual cortex. During milkshake consumption, but not at rest, additional decreases in GBC are observed in feeding-related circuitry including the insula, amygdala, anterior hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem and somatomotor cortex. Additionally, GBC differences were not accounted for by age. These results demonstrate that obesity is associated with decreased GBC in prefrontal and feeding circuits and increased GBC in the dorsal attention network. We therefore conclude that global brain organization is altered in obesity to favor networks important for external orientation over those monitoring homeostatic state and guiding feeding decisions. Furthermore, since prefrontal decreases are also observed at rest in obese individuals future work should evaluate whether these changes are associated with neurocognitive impairments frequently observed in obesity and diabetes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1403-1420, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - R Todd Constable
- Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chadi Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dana M Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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10
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Schlögl H, Horstmann A, Villringer A, Stumvoll M. Functional neuroimaging in obesity and the potential for development of novel treatments. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:695-705. [PMID: 26838265 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, exciting progress has been made in understanding the role of the CNS in controlling eating behaviour and in the development of overeating. Regions and networks of the human brain involved in eating behaviour and appetite control have been identified with neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI, PET, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography. Hormones that regulate our drive to eat (eg, leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1) can affect brain function. Defects in central hunger signalling are present in many pathologies. On the basis of an understanding of brain mechanisms that lead to overeating, powerful neuroimaging protocols could be a future clinical approach to allow individually tailored treatment options for patients with obesity. The aim of our Review is to provide an overview of neuroimaging approaches for obesity (ie, neuroimaging study design, questions which can be answered by neuroimaging, and limitations of neuroimaging techniques), examine current models of central nervous processes regulating eating behaviour, summarise and review important neuroimaging studies investigating therapeutic approaches to treat obesity or to control eating behaviour, and to provide a perspective on how neuroimaging might lead to new therapeutic approaches to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schlögl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Baker FC, Willoughby AR, de Zambotti M, Franzen PL, Prouty D, Javitz H, Hasler B, Clark DB, Colrain IM. Age-Related Differences in Sleep Architecture and Electroencephalogram in Adolescents in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Sample. Sleep 2016; 39:1429-39. [PMID: 27253763 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate age-related differences in polysomnographic and sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) measures, considering sex, pubertal stage, ethnicity, and scalp topography in a large group of adolescents in the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). METHODS Following an adaptation/clinical screening night, 141 healthy adolescents (12-21 y, 64 girls) had polysomnographic recordings, from which sleep staging and EEG measures were derived. The setting was the SRI International Human Sleep Laboratory and University of Pittsburgh Pediatric Sleep Laboratory. RESULTS Older age was associated with a lower percentage of N3 sleep, accompanied by higher percentages of N2, N1, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Older boys compared with younger boys had more frequent awakenings and wakefulness after sleep onset, effects that were absent in girls. Delta (0.3-4 Hz) EEG power in nonrapid eye movement NREM sleep was lower in older than younger adolescents at all electrode sites, with steeper slopes of decline over the occipital scalp. EEG power in higher frequency bands was also lower in older adolescents than younger adolescents, with equal effects across electrodes. Percent delta power in the first NREM period was similar across age. African Americans had lower EEG power across frequency bands (delta to sigma) compared with Caucasians. Finally, replacing age with pubertal status in the models showed similar relationships. CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences in sleep architecture and EEG were evident across adolescence in this large group, with sex modifying some relationships. Establishment and follow-up of this cohort allows the investigation of sleep EEG-brain structural relationships and the effect of behaviors, such as alcohol and substance use, on sleep EEG maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Harold Javitz
- Division of Education, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Brant Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Modulation of food consumption and sleep-wake cycle in mice by the neutral CB1 antagonist ABD459. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:289-303. [PMID: 25356730 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain endocannabinoid system is a potential target for the treatment of psychiatric and metabolic conditions. Here, a novel CB1 receptor antagonist (ABD459) was synthesized and assayed for pharmacological efficacy in vitro and for modulation of food consumption, vigilance staging and cortical electroencephalography in the mouse. ABD459 completely displaced the CB1 agonist CP99540 at a Ki of 8.6 nmol/l, and did not affect basal, but antagonized CP55940-induced GTPγS binding with a KB of 7.7 nmol/l. Acute ABD459 (3-20 mg/kg) reliably inhibited food consumption in nonfasted mice, without affecting motor activity. Active food seeking was reduced for 5-6 h postdrug, with no rebound after washout. Epidural recording of electroencephalogram confirmed that ABD459 (3 mg/kg) robustly reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with no alterations of wakefulness or non-REM sleep. Effects were strongest during 3 h postdrug, followed by a progressive washout period. The CB1 antagonist AM251 (3 mg/kg) and agonist WIN-55,212-2 (WIN-2: 3 mg/kg) also reduced REM, but variously affected other vigilance stages. WIN-2 caused a global suppression of normalized spectral power. AM251 and ABD459 lowered delta power and increased power in the theta band in the hippocampus, but not the prefrontal cortex. The neutral antagonist ABD459 thus showed a specific role of endocannabinoid release in attention and arousal, possibly through modulation of cholinergic activity.
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Interpreting EEG alpha activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 44:94-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Del Percio C, Triggiani AI, Marzano N, Valenzano A, De Rosas M, Petito A, Bellomo A, Lecce B, Mundi C, Infarinato F, Soricelli A, Limatola C, Cibelli G, Babiloni C. Poor desynchronisation of resting-state eyes-open cortical alpha rhythms in obese subjects without eating disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1095-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Duncan NW, Northoff G. Overview of potential procedural and participant-related confounds for neuroimaging of the resting state. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:84-96. [PMID: 22964258 PMCID: PMC3581596 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of intrinsic brain activity in the resting state have become increasingly common. A productive discussion of what analysis methods are appropriate, of the importance of physiologic correction and of the potential interpretations of results has been ongoing. However, less attention has been paid to factors other than physiologic noise that may confound resting-state experiments. These range from straightforward factors, such as ensuring that participants are all instructed in the same manner, to more obscure participant-related factors, such as body weight. We provide an overview of such potentially confounding factors, along with some suggested approaches for minimizing their impact. A particular theme that emerges from the overview is the range of systematic differences between types of study groups (e.g., between patients and controls) that may influence resting-state study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall W Duncan
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.
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Attenuation of long-range temporal correlations in the amplitude dynamics of alpha and beta neuronal oscillations in patients with schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2012; 61:162-9. [PMID: 22430497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although schizophrenia was previously associated with affected spatial neuronal synchronization, surprisingly little is known about the temporal dynamics of neuronal oscillations in this disease. However, given that the coordination of neuronal processes in time represents an essential aspect of practically all cognitive operations, it might be strongly affected in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study we aimed at quantifying long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) in patients (18 with schizophrenia; 3 with schizoaffective disorder) and 28 healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. Ongoing neuronal oscillations were recorded with multi-channel EEG at rest condition. LRTC in the range 5-50s were analyzed with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. The amplitude of neuronal oscillations in alpha and beta frequency ranges did not differ between patients and control subjects. However, LRTC were strongly attenuated in patients with schizophrenia in both alpha and beta frequency ranges. Moreover, the cross-frequency correlation between LRTC belonging to alpha and beta oscillations was stronger for patients than healthy controls, indicating that similar neurophysiological processes affect neuronal dynamics in both frequency ranges. We believe that the attenuation of LRTC is most likely due to the increased variability in neuronal activity, which was previously hypothesized to underlie an excessive switching between the neuronal states in patients with schizophrenia. Attenuated LRTC might allow for more random associations between neuronal activations, which in turn might relate to the occurrence of thought disorders in schizophrenia.
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