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Yang Y, Li Y, Yang W, Yang X, Luo M, Qin L, Zhu J. Protecting effects of 4-octyl itaconate on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy via Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:132. [PMID: 38760862 PMCID: PMC11102208 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most common neurological problems occurring in the perinatal period. However, there still is not a promising approach to reduce long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIE. Recently, itaconate has been found to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of itaconate in HIE remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HIE as well as the potential therapeutic role of a derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (4OI). METHODS We used 7-day-old mice to induce hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model by right common carotid artery ligation followed by 1 h of hypoxia. Behavioral experiments including the Y-maze and novel object recognition test were performed on HI mice at P60 to evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. We employed an approach combining non-targeted metabolomics with transcriptomics to screen alterations in metabolic profiles and gene expression in the hippocampal tissue of the mice at 8 h after hypoxia. Immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the pathological changes in brain tissue cells and the expression of mRNA and proteins. 4OI was intraperitoneally injected into HI model mice to assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. BV2 and C8D1A cells were cultured in vitro to study the effect of 4OI on the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. We also used Nrf2-siRNA to further validate 4OI-induced Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. RESULTS We found that in the acute phase of HI, there was an accumulation of pyruvate and lactate in the hippocampal tissue, accompanied by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory, as well as increased expression of antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory genes. Treatment of 4OI could inhibit activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes, reduce neuronal death and relieve cognitive dysfunction in HI mice. Furthermore, 4OI enhanced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nfe2l2; Nrf2) expression and nuclear translocation in astrocytes, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased antioxidant enzyme expression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that 4OI has a potential therapeutic effect on neuronal damage and cognitive deficits in HIE, potentially through the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress pathways by Nrf2 in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Cancer Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Chen Y, Branch A, Shuai C, Gallagher M, Knierim JJ. Object-place-context learning impairment correlates with spatial learning impairment in aged Long-Evans rats. Hippocampus 2024; 34:88-99. [PMID: 38073523 PMCID: PMC10843702 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is vulnerable to the process of normal aging. In humans, the extent of this age-related deterioration varies among individuals. Long-Evans rats replicate these individual differences as they age, and therefore they serve as a valuable model system to study aging in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases. In the Morris water maze, aged memory-unimpaired (AU) rats navigate to remembered goal locations as effectively as young rats and demonstrate minimal alterations in physiological markers of synaptic plasticity, whereas aged memory-impaired (AI) rats show impairments in both spatial navigation skills and cellular and molecular markers of plasticity. The present study investigates whether another cognitive domain is affected similarly to navigation in aged Long-Evans rats. We tested the ability of young, AU, and AI animals to recognize novel object-place-context (OPC) configurations and found that performance on the novel OPC recognition paradigm was significantly correlated with performance on the Morris water maze. In the first OPC test, young and AU rats, but not AI rats, successfully recognized and preferentially explored objects in novel OPC configurations. In a second test with new OPC configurations, all age groups showed similar OPC associative recognition memory. The results demonstrated similarities in the behavioral expression of associative, episodic-like memory between young and AU rats and revealed age-related, individual differences in functional decline in both navigation and episodic-like memory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Branch
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecelia Shuai
- Undergraduate Studies, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Knierim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Christopher-Hayes NJ, Embury CM, Wiesman AI, May PE, Schantell M, Johnson CM, Wolfson SL, Murman DL, Wilson TW. Piecing it together: atrophy profiles of hippocampal subfields relate to cognitive impairment along the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1212197. [PMID: 38020776 PMCID: PMC10644116 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1212197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience more rapid declines in their ability to form hippocampal-dependent memories than cognitively normal healthy adults. Degeneration of the whole hippocampal formation has previously been found to covary with declines in learning and memory, but the associations between subfield-specific hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments are not well characterized in AD. To improve prognostic procedures, it is critical to establish in which hippocampal subfields atrophy relates to domain-specific cognitive declines among people along the AD spectrum. In this study, we examine high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the medial temporal lobe and extensive neuropsychological data from 29 amyloid-positive people on the AD spectrum and 17 demographically-matched amyloid-negative healthy controls. Methods Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological exams including select tests of immediate recollection, delayed recollection, and general cognitive status (i.e., performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). Hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) were measured using a dedicated MRI slab sequence targeting the medial temporal lobe and used to compute distance metrics to quantify AD spectrum-specific atrophic patterns and their impact on cognitive outcomes. Results Our results replicate prior studies showing that CA1, dentate gyrus, and subiculum hippocampal subfield volumes were significantly reduced in AD spectrum participants compared to amyloid-negative controls, whereas CA2 and CA3 did not exhibit such patterns of atrophy. Moreover, degeneration of the subiculum along the AD spectrum was linked to a significant decline in general cognitive status measured by the MMSE, while degeneration scores of the CA1 and dentate gyrus were more widely associated with declines on the MMSE and tests of learning and memory. Discussion These findings provide evidence that subfield-specific patterns of hippocampal degeneration, in combination with cognitive assessments, may constitute a sensitive prognostic approach and could be used to better track disease trajectories among individuals on the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Christopher-Hayes
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alex I. Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pamela E. May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel L. Murman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Memory Disorders and Behavioral Neurology Program, UNMC, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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André C, Kuhn E, Rehel S, Ourry V, Demeilliez-Servouin S, Palix C, Felisatti F, Champetier P, Dautricourt S, Yushkevich P, Vivien D, de La Sayette V, Chételat G, de Flores R, Rauchs G. Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Cognitively Unimpaired Amyloid-Positive Older Adults. Neurology 2023; 101:e370-e385. [PMID: 37258299 PMCID: PMC10435067 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has been related to amyloid deposition and an increased dementia risk. However, how SDB relates to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration and subsequent episodic memory impairment is unclear. Our objective was to investigate the impact of amyloid positivity on the associations between SDB severity, medial temporal lobe subregions, and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults. METHODS Data were acquired between 2016 and 2020 in the context of the Age-Well randomized controlled trial of the Medit-Aging European project. Participants older than 65 years who were free of neurologic, psychiatric, or chronic medical diseases were recruited from the community. They completed a neuropsychological evaluation, in-home polysomnography, a Florbetapir PET, and an MRI, including a specific high-resolution assessment of the medial temporal lobe and hippocampal subfields. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test interactions between amyloid status and SDB severity on the volume of MTL subregions, controlling for age, sex, education, and the ApoE4 status. Secondary analyses aimed at investigating the links between SDB, MTL subregional atrophy, and episodic memory performance at baseline and at a mean follow-up of 20.66 months in the whole cohort and in subgroups stratified according to amyloid status. RESULTS We included 122 cognitively intact community-dwelling older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.40 ± 3.85 years, 77 women, 26 Aβ+ individuals) in baseline analyses and 111 at follow-up. The apnea-hypopnea index interacted with entorhinal (β = -0.81, p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.19), whole hippocampal (β = -0.61, p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.10), subiculum (β = -0.56, p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.08), CA1 (β = -0.55, p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.08), and DG (β = -0.53, p = 0.003, pη2 = 0.08) volumes such that a higher sleep apnea severity was related to lower MTL subregion volumes in amyloid-positive individuals, but not in those who were amyloid negative. In the whole cohort, lower whole hippocampal (r = 0.27, p = 0.005) and CA1 (r = 0.28, p = 0.003) volumes at baseline were associated with worse episodic memory performance at follow-up. DISCUSSION Overall, we showed that SDB was associated with MTL atrophy in cognitively asymptomatic older adults engaged in the Alzheimer continuum, which may increase the risk of developing memory impairment over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire André
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Valentin Ourry
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Solène Demeilliez-Servouin
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Francesca Felisatti
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Pierre Champetier
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Paul Yushkevich
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- From the Normandie Univ (C.A., E.K., S.R., V.O., S.D.-S., C.P., F.F., P.C., S.D., D.V., G.C., R.F., G.R.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" NEUROPRESAGE Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, France; Normandie Univ (C.A., S.R., V.O., P.C., V.L.S.), UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, France; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL) (P.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, France; and Service de Neurologie (V.L.S.), CHU de Caen, France.
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Cid REC, Loewenstein DA. Salient Cognitive Paradigms to Assess Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:89-98. [PMID: 35246818 PMCID: PMC9130422 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing emphasis to identify early biological markers that can detect the progressive accumulation of brain pathology in the complex pathophysiologic cascade that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we continue to employ the same neuropsychological paradigms that were developed to detect dementia or frank cognitive impairment. It has become increasingly clear that we cannot expect to measure clinically meaningful change in relationship to these emerging preclinical biomarkers using these traditional cognitive assessment paradigms, nor will we advance the efforts to identify the earliest cognitive changes that emerge in AD. Over the last decade, a few novel promising cognitive assessment paradigms have emerged that have shown promise in identifying subtle cognitive deficits in AD which aids in early detection and monitoring of meaningful cognitive change over time. Some of these cognitive assessment paradigms are reviewed here, including semantic interference, semantic intrusion errors, memory binding, and binding of face and name associations. These paradigms may be useful for AD clinical trials focused on secondary prevention if there is sufficient rigor to suggest that they correlate with AD biomarkers, having robust sensitivity, specificity, and predictive utility among culturally and linguistically diverse populations at-risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie E Curiel Cid
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1695 NW 9th Avenue, Florida, Miami, 33136, USA.
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1695 NW 9th Avenue, Florida, Miami, 33136, USA
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Hu L, Jiang H, Dong Y, Shen H, Lou Z, Yang S, Ji Y, Ruan L, Zhang X. Deficits in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Function and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal CA1 in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772980. [PMID: 34916926 PMCID: PMC8669806 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a critical molecule for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Impaired synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the neuropathophysiological alterations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 in transgenic rodent models of AD are still unclear. In the present study, APP/PS1 mice were utilized as a transgenic model of AD, which exhibited progressive cognitive impairment including defective working memory, recognition memory, and spatial memory starting at 6 months of age and more severe by 8 months of age. We found an impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and reduced NMDAR-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in the hippocampal CA1 of APP/PS1 mice with 8 months of age. Golgi staining revealed that dendrites of pyramidal neurons had shorter length, fewer intersections, and lower spine density in APP/PS1 mice compared to control mice. Further, the reduced expression levels of NMDAR subunits, PSD95 and SNAP25 were observed in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. These results suggest that NMDAR dysfunction, impaired synaptic plasticity, and disrupted neuronal morphology constitute an important part of the neuropathophysiological alterations associated with cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Linbo Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongde Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibei Dong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunxin Ji
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liemin Ruan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
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7
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Han F, Zhao J, Zhao G. Prolonged Volatile Anesthetic Exposure Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1551-1562. [PMID: 34690137 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which shows a set of symptoms involving cognitive changes and psychological changes. Given that AD is the most common form of dementia in aging population and the increasing demand for anesthesia/surgery with aging, there has been significant interest in the exact impact of volatile anesthetics on cognitive function and pathological alterations in AD population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate behavioral changes and neuropathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with short-term exposure or long-term exposure to desflurane, sevoflurane, or isoflurane. METHODS In this study, we exposed 5xFAD mouse model of AD to isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane in two different time periods (30 min and 6 h), and the memory related behaviors as well as the pathological changes in 5xFAD mice were evaluated 7 days after the anesthetic exposure. RESULTS We found that short-term exposure to volatile anesthetics did not affect hippocampus dependent memory and the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. However, long-term exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane significantly increased the Aβ deposition in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus, as well as the glial cell activation in amygdala. Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the time-dependent effects of common volatile anesthetics and implicate that desflurane has the potential benefits to prolonged anesthetic exposure in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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8
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Wang R, Wu Z, Bai L, Liu R, Ba Y, Zhang H, Cheng X, Zhou G, Huang H. Resveratrol improved hippocampal neurogenesis following lead exposure in rats through activation of SIRT1 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1664-1673. [PMID: 33978298 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poses a potential environmental risk factor for cognitive dysfunction during early life and childhood. Resveratrol is considered a promising antioxidant with respect to the prevention of cognitive deficits and act as a potent SIRT1 agonist. Herein, this study aims to investigate the profile of neurogenesis markers following Pb exposure and to determine the regulatory role of resveratrol in this process. We confirmed firstly the protective effects of resveratrol against Pb-induced impairments of hippocampal neurogenesis in Male SD rats. Pb exposure early in life caused the altered expression of Ki-67, NeuN, caspase-3 and SIRT1 signaling, thereby resulting in spatial cognitive impairment of adolescent rats. As expected, resveratrol reduced cognitive damage and promoted neurogenesis in Pb-induced injury by regulation of SIRT1 pathway. Collectively, our study establishes the efficacy of resveratrol as a neuroprotective agent and provides a strong rationale for further studies on SIRT1-mediated mechanisms of neuroprotective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zuntao Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Nellessen N, Onur OA, Richter N, Jacobs HIL, Dillen KNH, Reutern BV, Langen KJ, Fink GR, Kukolja J. Differential neural structures, intrinsic functional connectivity, and episodic memory in subjective cognitive decline and healthy controls. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:159-173. [PMID: 34090179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline (SCD; i.e., without objectifiable deficit) remain to be elucidated. Possible causes of SCD include early neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer's disease or functional and structural changes related to sub-clinical depression. We investigated the relationship between episodic memory performance or memory complaints and structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in participants with SCD (n=18) but without psychiatric disorders and healthy controls (n=31). In SCD, memory complaints were not associated with memory performance but with sub-clinical depression and executive functions. SCD-associated memory complaints correlated with higher amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus (specifically subiculum) gray matter density. In controls, but not in SCD, mesiotemporal gray matter density and superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity predicted memory performance. In contrast, in SCD, only a trend toward a correlation between memory performance and gray matter density in the parietooccipital lobes was observed. In our memory-clinic sample of SCD, we did not observe incipient neurodegeneration (limited to structural and functional MRI) but rather sub-clinical depression underlying subjective cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Nellessen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Oezguer A Onur
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nils Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim N H Dillen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Boris von Reutern
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl J Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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10
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Garad M, Edelmann E, Leßmann V. Impairment of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses in Adult APP/PS1 Mice Depends on Proximity of Aβ Plaques. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1378. [PMID: 33573114 PMCID: PMC7866519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible cognitive decline, with no disease-modifying therapy until today. Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a Hebbian form of synaptic plasticity, and a strong candidate to underlie learning and memory at the single neuron level. Although several studies reported impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in AD mouse models, the impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology on STDP in the hippocampus is not known. Using whole cell patch clamp recordings in CA1 pyramidal neurons of acute transversal hippocampal slices, we investigated timing-dependent (t-) LTP induced by STDP paradigms at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses in slices of 6-month-old adult APP/PS1 AD model mice. Our results show that t-LTP can be induced even in fully developed adult mice with different and even low repeat STDP paradigms. Further, adult APP/PS1 mice displayed intact t-LTP induced by 1 presynaptic EPSP paired with 4 postsynaptic APs (6× 1:4) or 1 presynaptic EPSP paired with 1 postsynaptic AP (100× 1:1) STDP paradigms when the position of Aβ plaques relative to recorded CA1 neurons in the slice were not considered. However, when Aβ plaques were live stained with the fluorescent dye methoxy-X04, we observed that in CA1 neurons with their somata <200 µm away from the border of the nearest Aβ plaque, t-LTP induced by 6× 1:4 stimulation was significantly impaired, while t-LTP was unaltered in CA1 neurons >200 µm away from plaques. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with the anti-inflammatory drug fingolimod that we previously showed to alleviate synaptic deficits in this AD mouse model did not rescue the impaired t-LTP. Our data reveal that overexpression of APP and PS1 mutations in AD model mice disrupts t-LTP in an Aβ plaque distance-dependent manner, but cannot be improved by fingolimod (FTY720) that has been shown to rescue conventional LTP in CA1 of APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machhindra Garad
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.G.); (E.E.)
| | - Elke Edelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.G.); (E.E.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.G.); (E.E.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Kulesza RJ, Mansour Y, González-González LO, Gónzalez-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Mukherjee PS. Alzheimer disease starts in childhood in polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A major health crisis in progress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109137. [PMID: 32006765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above USEPA standards are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) youth have life time exposures to PM2.5 and O3 above standards. We focused on MMC residents ≤30 years and reviewed 134 consecutive autopsies of subjects age 20.03 ± 6.38 y (range 11 months to 30 y), the staging of Htau and ß amyloid, the lifetime cumulative PM2.5 (CPM 2.5) and the impact of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele, the most prevalent genetic risk for AD. We also reviewed the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in clinically healthy young cohorts. Mobile sources, particularly from non-regulated diesel vehicles dominate the MMC pollutant emissions exposing the population to PM2.5 concentrations above WHO and EPA standards. Iron-rich,magnetic, highly oxidative, combustion and friction-derived nanoparticles (CFDNPs) are measured in the brain of every MMC resident. Progressive development of Alzheimer starts in childhood and in 99.25% of 134 consecutive autopsies ≤30 years we can stage the disease and its progression; 66% of ≤30 years urbanites have cognitive impairment and involvement of the brainstem is reflected by auditory central dysfunction in every subject studied. The average age for dementia using MoCA is 20.6 ± 3.4 y. APOE4 vs 3 carriers have 1.26 higher odds of committing suicide. PM2.5 and CFDNPs play a key role in the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in young urbanites. A serious health crisis is in progress with social, educational, judicial, economic and overall negative health impact for 25 million residents. Understanding the neural circuitry associated with the earliest cognitive and behavioral manifestations of AD is needed. Air pollution control should be prioritised-including the regulation of diesel vehicles- and the first two decades of life ought to be targeted for neuroprotective interventions. Defining paediatric environmental, nutritional, metabolic and genetic risk factor interactions is a multidisciplinary task of paramount importance to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Current and future generations are at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Randy J Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Yusra Mansour
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | | | | | | | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 700108, Kolkata, India
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12
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Differential annualized rates of hippocampal subfields atrophy in aging and future Alzheimer's clinical syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:75-83. [PMID: 32107063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the differential vulnerability of hippocampal subfields during aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results were often contradictory, mainly because these works were based on concatenations of cross-sectional measures in cohorts with different ages or stages of AD, in the absence of a longitudinal design. Here, we investigated 327 participants from a population-based cohort of nondemented older adults with a 14-year clinical follow-up. MRI at baseline and 4 years later were assessed to measure the annualized rates of hippocampal subfields atrophy in each participant using an automatic segmentation pipeline with subsequent quality control. On the one hand, CA4 dentate gyrus was significantly more affected than the other subfields in the whole population (CA1-3: -0.68%/year; subiculum: -0.99%/year; and CA4-DG: -1.39%/year; p < 0.0001). On the other hand, the annualized rate of CA1-3 atrophy was associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's clinical syndrome over time, independently of age, gender, educational level, and ApoE4 genotype (HR = 2.0; CI 95% 1.4-3.0). These results illustrate the natural history of hippocampal subfields atrophy during aging and AD by showing that the dentate gyrus is the most vulnerable subfield to the effects of aging while the cornu-ammonis is the primary target of AD pathophysiological processes, years before symptom onset.
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13
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Chen SY, Lin MC, Tsai JS, He PL, Luo WT, Chiu IM, Herschman HR, Li HJ. Exosomal 2',3'-CNP from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hippocampus CA1 neurogenesis/neuritogenesis and contributes to rescue of cognition/learning deficiencies of damaged brain. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:499-517. [PMID: 31943851 PMCID: PMC7103625 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in clinical studies to treat neurological diseases and damage. However, implanted MSCs do not achieve their regenerative effects by differentiating into and replacing neural cells. Instead, MSC secretome components mediate the regenerative effects of MSCs. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes carry cargo responsible for rescuing brain damage. We previously showed that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes have enhanced regenerative potential to rescue hippocampal damage, compared with EVs/exosomes from untreated MSCs. Here we show that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes promote neurosphere formation in vitro and increase neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi; basal MSC EVs/exosomes do not contribute to these regenerative effects. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes are 20-fold higher than CNP levels in basal MSC EVs/exosomes. Decreasing elevated exosomal CNP levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes reduced the efficacy of these EVs/exosomes in promoting β3-tubulin polymerization and in converting toxic 2',3'-cAMP into neuroprotective adenosine. CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes lost the ability to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi. Systemic administration of EV/exosomes from EP4 -antagonist derived MSC EVs/exosomes repaired cognition, learning, and memory deficiencies in mice caused by hippocampal damage. In contrast, CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes failed to repair this damage. Exosomal CNP contributes to the ability of EP4 antagonist-elicited MSC EVs/exosomes to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi and recovery of cognition, memory, and learning. This experimental approach should be generally applicable to identifying the role of EV/exosomal components in eliciting a variety of biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiuan Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin He
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Luo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hua-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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14
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Feng Q, Song Q, Wang M, Pang P, Liao Z, Jiang H, Shen D, Ding Z. Hippocampus Radiomic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Machine Learning Method. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:323. [PMID: 31824302 PMCID: PMC6881244 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests the presence of hippocampal neuroanatomical abnormalities in subjects of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Our study aimed to identify the radiomic biomarkers of the hippocampus for building the classification models in aMCI diagnosis. Methods: For this target, we recruited 42 subjects with aMCI and 44 normal controls (NC). The right and left hippocampi were segmented for each subject using an efficient learning-based method. Then, the radiomic analysis was applied to calculate and select the radiomic features. Finally, two logistic regression models were built based on the selected features obtained from the right and left hippocampi. Results: There were 385 features derived after calculation, and four features remained after feature selection from each group of data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, precision, recall, and F-score of the classification evaluation index of the right hippocampus logistic regression model were 0.76, 0.71, 0.69, 0.69, 0.71, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.69, and those of the left hippocampus model were 0.79, 0.71, 0.54, 0.64, 0.63, 0.64, 0.54, and 0.58, respectively. Conclusion: Results demonstrate the potential hippocampal radiomic biomarkers are valid for the aMCI diagnosis. The MRI-based radiomic analysis, with further improvement and validation, can be used to identify patients with aMCI and guide the individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaowei Song
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - PeiPei Pang
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Caldwell JZK, Berg JL, Shan G, Cummings JL, Banks SJ. Sex Moderates the Impact of Diagnosis and Amyloid PET Positivity on Hippocampal Subfield Volume. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:79-89. [PMID: 29865063 PMCID: PMC6004904 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined moderation effects of sex and diagnosis on the effect of positive florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid-β (Aβ) scan (A+) on hippocampus subfield volumes in 526 normal control (NC) and early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI) participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI2; ADNI-GO). Regression moderation models showed that women— but not men— with NC designation did not show reduced subiculum volumes despite A+. At the eMCI stage, A+ was detrimental across sexes. Findings were significant while accounting for the effects of age, cognition at screening, education, and APOE4 carrier status. These findings suggest that women with A+ have early neural resistance to Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jody-Lynn Berg
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Guogen Shan
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Community Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Sarah J Banks
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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16
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Chételat G. Multimodal Neuroimaging in Alzheimer's Disease: Early Diagnosis, Physiopathological Mechanisms, and Impact of Lifestyle. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S199-S211. [PMID: 29504542 PMCID: PMC6004909 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, we have conducted research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using multimodal neuroimaging techniques to improve diagnosis, further our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying the disease, and support the development of innovative non-pharmacological preventive strategies. Our works emphasized the interest of hippocampal subfield volumetry in early diagnosis and the need for further development in this field including optimization, standardization, and automatization of the techniques. Also, we conducted several studies in cognitively intact at-risk elderly (e.g., subjective cognitive decline patients and APOE4 carriers) to better identify biomarkers associated with increased risk of developing AD. Regarding the physiopathological mechanisms, specific multimodal neuroimaging techniques allowed us to highlight the relevance of diaschisis, the mismatch between neurodegeneration and local Aβ deposition and the regional variation in the mechanisms underlying structural or functional alterations. Further works integrating other biomarkers known to play a role in the physiopathology of AD (tau, TDP-43, inflammation, etc.) in a longitudinal design would be useful to get a comprehensive understanding of their relative role, sequence, and causal relationships. Our works also highlighted the relevance of functional connectivity in further understanding the specificity of cognitive deficits in AD and how connectivity differentially influences the propagation of the different AD biomarkers. Finally, we conducted several studies on the links between lifestyle factors and neuroimaging biomarkers to unravel mechanisms of reserve. Further efforts are needed to better understand which lifestyle factor, or combination of factors, impact on AD pathology, and when, to help translating our knowledge to training programs that might prevent or delay brain and cognitive changes leading to AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Chételat
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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The Effects of Maternal Atrazine Exposure and Swimming Training on Spatial Learning Memory and Hippocampal Morphology in Offspring Male Rats via PSD95/NR2B Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1003-1015. [PMID: 31187311 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide, has been previously shown to damage spatial memory capability and the hippocampus of male rats during the development. It has also been indicated that physical exercise can improve learning and memory in both humans and animals, as a neuroprotective method. Our aim here was to investigate the effect of maternal ATR exposure during gestation and lactation on spatial learning and memory function and hippocampal morphology in offspring and to further evaluate the neuroprotective effect of swimming training and identify possible related learning and memory signaling pathways. Using Sprague-Dawley rats, we examined behavioral and molecular biology effects associated with maternal ATR exposure, as well as the effects of 8 or 28 days swimming training. Maternal exposure to ATR was found to impair spatial learning and memory by behavioral test, damage the hippocampal morphology, and reduce related genes and proteins expression of learning and memory in the hippocampus. The extended, 28 days, period of swimming training produced a greater amelioration of the adverse effects of ATR exposure than the shorter, 8 days, training period. Our results suggest that maternal ATR exposure may damage the spatial learning and memory of offspring male rats via PSD95/NR2B signaling pathway. The negative effect of ATR could be at least partially reversed by swimming training, pointing to a potential neuroprotective role of physical exercise in nervous system diseases accompanying by learning and memory deficit.
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Furcila D, DeFelipe J, Alonso-Nanclares L. A Study of Amyloid-β and Phosphotau in Plaques and Neurons in the Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:417-435. [PMID: 29914033 PMCID: PMC6027945 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques, primarily consisting of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, and the accumulation of paired helical filaments of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (PHF-Tau) within neurons. Since CA1 is one of the most affected regions in AD, mainly at early stages, we have performed a detailed analysis of the CA1 region from 11 AD patients (demented and clinically similar; Braak stages IV-VI) to better understand the possible relationship between the presence and distribution of different neurochemical types of Aβ plaques and PHF-Tau immunoreactive (- ir) neurons. Hence, we have examined hippocampal sections in confocal microscopy images from double and triple-immunostained sections, to study labeled plaques and PHF-Tau-ir neurons using specific software tools. There are four main findings in the present study. First, the pyramidal layer of proximal CA1 (close to CA2) contains the smallest number of both plaques and PHF-Tau-ir neurons. Second, a large proportion of Aβ-ir plaques were also characterized by the presence of PHF-Tau-ir. Third, all plaques containing one of the two PHF-Tau isoforms also express the other isoform, that is, if a plaque contains PHFpS396, it also contains PHFAT8, and vice versa. Fourth, the coexpression study of both PHF-Tau isoforms in CA1 neurons revealed that most of the labeled neurons express only PHFpS396. Our findings further support the idea that AD is not a unique entity even within the same neuropathological stage, since the microanatomical/neurochemical changes that occur in the hippocampus greatly vary from one patient to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Furcila
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Individual differences in associative memory among older adults explained by hippocampal subfield structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12075-12080. [PMID: 29078387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713308114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults experience impairments in episodic memory, ranging from mild to clinically significant. Given the critical role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory, age-related changes in MTL structure and function may partially account for individual differences in memory. Using ultra-high-field 7T structural MRI and high-resolution 3T functional MRI (hr-fMRI), we evaluated MTL subfield thickness and function in older adults representing a spectrum of cognitive health. Participants performed an associative memory task during hr-fMRI in which they encoded and later retrieved face-name pairs. Motivated by prior research, we hypothesized that differences in performance would be explained by the following: (i) entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 apical neuropil layer [CA1-stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM)] thickness, and (ii) activity in ERC and the dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3 region. Regression analyses revealed that this combination of factors significantly accounted for variability in memory performance. Among these metrics, CA1-SRLM thickness was positively associated with memory, whereas DG/CA3 retrieval activity was negatively associated with memory. Furthermore, including structural and functional metrics in the same model better accounted for performance than did single-modality models. These results advance the understanding of how independent but converging influences of both MTL subfield structure and function contribute to age-related memory impairment, complementing findings in the rodent and human postmortem literatures.
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Qualitative and quantitative assessment of self-reported cognitive difficulties in nondemented elders: Association with medical help seeking, cognitive deficits, and β-amyloid imaging. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 5:23-34. [PMID: 28054025 PMCID: PMC5198885 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) could help identify early stages of Alzheimer's disease. However, SCD is multidetermined and protean, and the type of cognitive complaint associated with preclinical Alzheimer's disease needs refinement. Methods A total of 185 nondemented elders recruited from either the community or from a memory clinic filled a questionnaire. We searched for item responses associated with medical help seeking, cognitive deficits, and β-amyloidosis. Results Compared with community-recruited control subjects (n = 74), help-seeking patients reported a stronger multidomain SCD that was mostly unrelated to the presence of detectable cognitive deficits. Only a few items, notably assessing temporal disorientation, distinguished help-seeking patients with (n = 78) or without (n = 33) memory deficits. Associations between SCD and β-amyloidosis were not restricted to the memory domain and varied across clinical stages. Discussion Detailed evaluation of SCD could provide accessible indication of the presence of β-amyloid or cognitive deficits, which might prove useful for early diagnosis and clinical trial enrichment strategies.
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Distinct effects of late adulthood cognitive and physical activities on gray matter volume. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:346-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yogev-Seligmann G, Oren N, Ash EL, Hendler T, Giladi N, Lerner Y. Altered Topology in Information Processing of a Narrated Story in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:517-33. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galit Yogev-Seligmann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Oren
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elissa L. Ash
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Memory and Attention Disorders, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Memory and Attention Disorders, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sieratzki Chair in Neurology, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Yulia Lerner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Perrotin A, de Flores R, Lamberton F, Poisnel G, La Joie R, de la Sayette V, Mézenge F, Tomadesso C, Landeau B, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Hippocampal Subfield Volumetry and 3D Surface Mapping in Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48 Suppl 1:S141-50. [PMID: 26402076 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be the first clinical sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SCD individuals with normal cognition may already have significant hippocampal atrophy, a well-known feature of AD. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that SCD, compared to healthy individuals without SCD, have a pattern of hippocampal subfield atrophy similar to that measured in the AD pathology. METHODS 17 SCD, 21 AD, and 40 matched controls underwent a standard T1-weighted MRI and a dedicated high-resolution MRI proton-density hippocampal sequence. For each participant, three hippocampal regions-of-interest were manually delineated on the proton-density hippocampal sequence corresponding to the CA1, subiculum, and other (including CA2-3-4 and dentate gyrus) subfields. Total intracranial volume (TIV)-normalized subfield volumes were compared between-group. Voxelwise group comparisons assessed from the standard T1 MRI were also projected on 3D hippocampal surface views. RESULTS Both patient groups showed significant TIV-normalized volume decrease in hippocampus global volume and in CA1 and subiculum subfields as well as in the other subfield in AD compared to controls. Significant differences were observed between SCD and AD in hippocampus global TIV-normalized volume. Atrophy maps on hippocampal surface showed major involvement of the lateral part (CA1) in both SCD and AD, with larger overlap of other regions in AD. CONCLUSION The findings indicate topographically similar hippocampal subfield changes in SCD individuals as those found in AD. This further highlights the relevance of SCD recruited from a memory clinic in assessing pre-dementia AD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Perrotin
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | | | - Géraldine Poisnel
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Renaud La Joie
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Clémence Tomadesso
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM, U1077, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
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de Flores R, La Joie R, Chételat G. Structural imaging of hippocampal subfields in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 2015; 309:29-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cognitive and Brain Profiles Associated with Current Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26203136 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0150-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging biomarkers, namely hippocampal volume loss, temporoparietal hypometabolism, and neocortical β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, are included in the recent research criteria for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how to use these biomarkers is still being debated, especially regarding their sequence. Our aim was to characterize the cognitive and brain profiles of elders classified as positive or negative for each biomarker to further our understanding of their use in the preclinical diagnosis of AD. Fifty-four cognitively normal individuals (age = 65.8 ± 8.3 years) underwent neuropsychological tests (structural MRI, FDG-PET, and Florbetapir-PET) and were dichotomized into positive or negative independently for each neuroimaging biomarker. Demographic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging data were compared between positive and negative subgroups. The MRI-positive subgroup had lower executive performances and mixed patterns of lower volume and metabolism in AD-characteristic regions and in the prefrontal cortex. The FDG-positive subgroup showed only hypometabolism, predominantly in AD-sensitive areas extending to the whole neocortex, compared with the FDG-negative subgroup. The amyloid-positive subgroup was older and included more APOE ε4 carriers compared with the amyloid-negative subgroup. When considering MRI and/or FDG biomarkers together (i.e., the neurodegeneration-positive), there was a trend for an inverse relationship with Aβ deposition such that those with neurodegeneration tended to show less Aβ deposition and the reverse was true as well. Our findings suggest that: (1) MRI and FDG biomarkers provide complementary rather than redundant information and (2) relatively young cognitively normal elders tend to have either neurodegeneration or Aβ deposition, but not both, suggesting additive rather than sequential/causative links between AD neuroimaging biomarkers at this age. Significance statement: Neuroimaging biomarkers are included in the recent research criteria for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how to use these biomarkers is still being debated, especially regarding their sequence. Our findings suggest that MRI and FDG-PET biomarkers should be used in combination, offering an additive contribution instead of reflecting the same process of neurodegeneration. Moreover, the present study also challenges the hierarchical use of the neuroimaging biomarkers in preclinical AD because it suggests that the neurodegeneration observed in this population is not due to β-amyloid deposition. Rather, our results suggest that β-amyloid- and tau-related pathological processes may interact but not necessarily appear in a systematic sequence.
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Emotional specificities of autobiographical memory after breast cancer diagnosis. Conscious Cogn 2015; 35:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
The hippocampus has a pivotal role in learning and in the formation and consolidation of memory and is critically involved in the regulation of emotion, fear, anxiety, and stress. Studies of the hippocampus have been central to the study of memory in humans and in recent years, the regional specialization and organization of hippocampal functions have been elucidated in experimental models and in human neurological and psychiatric diseases. The hippocampus has long been considered a classic model for the study of neuroplasticity as many examples of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation and -depression have been identified and demonstrated in hippocampal circuits. Neuroplasticity is the ability to adapt and reorganize the structure or function to internal or external stimuli and occurs at the cellular, population, network or behavioral level and is reflected in the cytological and network architecture as well as in intrinsic properties of hippocampal neurons and circuits. The high degree of hippocampal neuroplasticity might, however, be also negatively reflected in the pronounced vulnerability of the hippocampus to deleterious conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy, chronic stress, neurodegeneration and aging targeting hippocampal structure and function and leading to cognitive deficits. Considering this framework of plasticity and vulnerability, we here review basic principles of hippocampal anatomy and neuroplasticity on various levels as well as recent findings regarding the functional organization of the hippocampus in light of the regional vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, epilepsy, neuroinflammation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - P Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Neurophysiology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Tomadesso C, Perrotin A, Mutlu J, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Egret S, de la Sayette V, Jonin PY, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Brain structural, functional, and cognitive correlates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:473-82. [PMID: 26106572 PMCID: PMC4474362 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in autobiographical memory appear earlier for recent than for remote life periods over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to further our understanding of this graded effect by investigating the cognitive and neural substrates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) thanks to an autobiographical fluency task. 20 aMCI patients and 25 Healthy elderly Controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological tests assessing remote (20-to-30 years old) and recent (the ten last years) autobiographical memory as well as episodic and semantic memory, executive function and global cognition. All patients also had a structural MRI and an FDG-PET scan. Correlations were assessed between each autobiographical memory score and the other tests as well as grey matter volume and metabolism. Within the aMCI, performances for the remote period correlated with personal semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval whereas performances for the recent period only correlated with episodic memory retrieval. Neuroimaging analyses revealed significant correlations between performances for the remote period and temporal pole and temporo-parietal cortex volumes and anterior cingulate gyrus metabolism, while performances for the recent period correlated with hippocampal volume and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal and hippocampus metabolism. The brain regions related with the retrieval of events from the recent period showed greater atrophy/hypometabolism in aMCI patients compared to HC than those involved in remote memories. Recall of recent memories essentially relies on episodic memory processes and brain network while remote memories also involve other processes such as semantic memory. This is consistent with the semanticization of memories with time and may explain the better resistance of remote memory in AD. We studied cognitive correlates of recent and remote autobiographical memories in aMCI. We evaluated brain structural and functional correlates of each period of life. Recent memories rely on episodic memory processes and brain network. Remote memories also involve other processes such as semantic memory. These findings contribute to explain the better resistance of remote memory in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Tomadesso
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Justine Mutlu
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Stéphanie Egret
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | | | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
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Chen J, Zhang Z, Li S. Can multi-modal neuroimaging evidence from hippocampus provide biomarkers for the progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:128-40. [PMID: 25595368 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired structure and function of the hippocampus is a valuable predictor of progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a part of the medial temporal lobe memory system, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions affected earliest by AD neuropathology, and shows progressive degeneration as aMCI progresses to AD. Currently, no validated biomarkers can precisely predict the conversion from aMCI to AD. Therefore, there is a great need of sensitive tools for the early detection of AD progression. In this review, we summarize the specific structural and functional changes in the hippocampus from recent aMCI studies using neurophysiological and neuroimaging data. We suggest that a combination of advanced multi-modal neuroimaging measures in discovering biomarkers will provide more precise and sensitive measures of hippocampal changes than using only one of them. These will potentially affect early diagnosis and disease-modifying treatments. We propose a new sequential and progressive framework in which the impairment spreads from the integrity of fibers to volume and then to function in hippocampal subregions. Meanwhile, this is likely to be accompanied by progressive impairment of behavioral and neuropsychological performance in the progression of aMCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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La Joie R, Landeau B, Perrotin A, Bejanin A, Egret S, Pélerin A, Mézenge F, Belliard S, de La Sayette V, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Intrinsic connectivity identifies the hippocampus as a main crossroad between Alzheimer's and semantic dementia-targeted networks. Neuron 2014; 81:1417-1428. [PMID: 24656258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic dementia (SD) are both characterized by severe atrophy in the hippocampus, a brain region underlying episodic memory; paradoxically, episodic memory is relatively preserved in SD. Here, we used intrinsic connectivity analyses and showed that the brain networks differentially vulnerable to each disease converge to the hippocampus in the healthy brain. As neurodegeneration is thought to spread within preexisting networks, the common hippocampal atrophy in both diseases is likely due to its location at the crossroad between both vulnerable networks. Yet, we showed that in the normal brain, these networks harbor different functions, with episodic memory relying on the AD-vulnerable network only. Overall, disease-associated cognitive deficits seem to reflect the disruption of targeted networks more than atrophy in specific brain regions: in AD, over hippocampal atrophy, episodic memory deficits are likely due to disconnection within a memory-related network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud La Joie
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Stéphanie Egret
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alice Pélerin
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Serge Belliard
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU Pontchaillou, Service de Neurologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Neurologie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM U1077, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000 Caen, France
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Li YD, Dong HB, Xie GM, Zhang LJ. Discriminative analysis of mild Alzheimer's disease and normal aging using volume of hippocampal subfields and hippocampal mean diffusivity: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:627-33. [PMID: 23813689 PMCID: PMC10852725 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513494452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies discovered that the hippocampal subfields are differentially affected by pathological damage, and magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging parameters might be more sensitive measures of early degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) than conventional MR imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of the volume of hippocampal subfields and the mean diffusivity (MD) value of hippocampus in discrimination between mild AD and normal aging. METHODS A total of 29 patients with mild AD and 30 normal aging were scanned. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the diagnostic significance of the volumes of hippocampal subfields and the MD value of hippocampus. RESULTS All hippocampal subfields except right tail atrophied significantly in the mild AD group (P < .05). The relative volumes of right CA1 and subiculum subfields entered the binary logistic regression model. The accuracy was 91.8%, which was improved to 93.9% as the MD value of right hippocampus entered the model. CONCLUSION Atrophy was present in almost all hippocampal subfields at mild AD stage. The volumes of CA1 and subiculum were of the most diagnostic significance in discrimination of mild AD, which can be improved by the combination of volume and diffusivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Li
- Department of Radiology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Bo Dong
- Department of Radiology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-jun Zhang
- College of Science & Technology, Ningbo University, Ninbo, Zhejiang, China
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Pereira JB, Junqué C, Bartrés-Faz D, Ramírez-Ruiz B, Marti MJ, Tolosa E. Regional vulnerability of hippocampal subfields and memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. Hippocampus 2013; 23:720-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blanca Ramírez-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
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Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by considerable heterogeneity, including varying degrees of dysfunction in specific brain systems, notably a medial temporal lobe memory system and a frontostriatal executive system. These same systems are also affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Recent work using techniques for presymptomatic detection of disease in cognitively normal older people has shown that some of the late life alterations in cognition, neural structure, and function attributed to aging probably reflect early neurodegeneration. However, it has become clear that these same brain systems are also vulnerable to aging in the absence of even subtle disease. Thus, fundamental systemic limitations appear to confer vulnerability of these neural systems to a variety of insults, including those recognized as typical disease and those that are attributed to age. By focusing on the fundamental causes of neural system vulnerability, the prevention or treatment of a wide range of late-life neural dysfunction might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA.
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Liu J, Yin C, Xia S, Jia L, Guo Y, Zhao Z, Li X, Han Y, Jia J. White matter changes in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment detected by diffusion tensor imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59440. [PMID: 23555673 PMCID: PMC3605411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to normal aging adults, individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have significantly increased risk for progressing into Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy studies found that most of the brains of aMCI cases showed anatomical features associated with AD pathology. The recent development of non-invasive neuroimaging technique, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), makes it possible to investigate the microstructures of the cerebral white matter in vivo. We hypothesized that disrupted white matter (WM) integrity existed in aMCI. So we used DTI technique, by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), to test the brain structures involved in patients with aMCI. DTI scans were collected from 40 patients with aMCI, and 28 normal controls (NC). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses of whole-brain FA and MD images in each individual and group comparisons were carried out. Compared to NC, aMCI patients showed significant FA reduction bilaterally, in the association and projection fibers of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, corpus callosum, bilateral corona radiation, right posterior thalamic radiation and right sagittal stratum. aMCI patients also showed significantly increased MD widespreadly in the association and projection fibers of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, and corpus callosum. Assessment of the WM integrity of the frontal, parietal, temporal lobes, and corpus callosum by using DTI measures may aid early diagnosis of aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Changhao Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudangjiang, China
| | - Shugao Xia
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Longfei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudangjiang, China
| | - Zhilian Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, PR China
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Ramcharitar J, Afonso VM, Albrecht S, Bennett DA, LeBlanc AC. Caspase-6 activity predicts lower episodic memory ability in aged individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1815-24. [PMID: 23402898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-6 (Casp6), a cysteinyl protease that induces axonal degeneration, is activated early in Alzheimer Disease (AD) brains. To determine whether Casp6 activation is responsible for early cognitive impairment, we investigated the abundance of Casp6 activity, paired helical filament-1 (PHF-1) phosphorylated Tau and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) pathology by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampal formation of aged non-cognitively impaired (NCI) individuals. Casp6 activity was restricted to the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. Pathology scores were then correlated with cognitive scores obtained within 1 year of death. Regression analyses revealed that ERC and CA1 Casp6 activity were the main contributor to lower episodic memory performance, whereas ERC PHF-1 pathology predicted lower semantic and working memory performance. Aβ did not correlate with any of the cognitive tests. Because Casp6 activity and PHF-1 pathology are intimately associated with AD pathology and memory decline is an early event in AD, we conclude that Casp6 activity and PHF-1 immunoreactivity in ERC identifies aged individuals at risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Ramcharitar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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How does the hippocampal formation mediate memory for stimuli processed by the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways? Evidence from the comparison of schizophrenia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:3193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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