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Zhong S, Lin J, Zhang L, Wang S, Kemp GJ, Li L, Gong Q. Neural correlates of harm avoidance: a multimodal meta-analysis of brain structural and resting-state functional neuroimaging studies. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:384. [PMID: 39304648 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Harm avoidance (HA) is a Cloninger personality trait that describes behavioural inhibition to avoid aversive stimuli. It serves as a predisposing factor that contributes to the development of mental disorders such as anxiety and major depressive disorder. Neuroimaging research has identified some brain anatomical and functional correlates of HA, but reported findings are inconsistent. We therefore conducted a multimodal meta-analysis of whole-brain structural and resting-state functional neuroimaging studies to identify the most stable neural substrate of HA. Included were a total of 10 structural voxel-based morphometry studies (11 datasets) and 13 functional positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography studies (16 datasets) involving 3053 healthy participants without any psychiatric or neurological disorders evaluated for HA using the Three-Dimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The meta-analysis revealed brain volumetric correlates of HA in parietal and temporal cortices, and resting-state functional correlates in prefrontal, temporal and parietal gray matter. Volumetric and functional correlates co-occurred in the left superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, and were dissociated in the left rectus gyrus. Our meta-analysis is the first study to give a comprehensive picture of the structural and functional correlates of HA, a contribution that may help bridge the grievous gap between the neurobiology of HA and the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of HA-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Zhong
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinping Lin
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingsheng Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Hsieh CJ, Hou C, Lee H, Tomita C, Schmitz A, Plakas K, Dubroff JG, Mach RH. Total-body imaging of mu-opioid receptors with [ 11C]carfentanil in non-human primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3273-3283. [PMID: 38722383 PMCID: PMC11368985 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral organs, and immune system. This study measured the whole body distribution of MORs in rhesus macaques using the MOR selective radioligand [11C]carfentanil ([11C]CFN) on the PennPET Explorer. Both baseline and blocking studies were conducted using either naloxone or GSK1521498 to measure the effect of the antagonists on MOR binding in both CNS and peripheral organs. METHODS The PennPET Explorer was used for MOR total-body PET imaging in four rhesus macaques using [11C]CFN under baseline, naloxone pretreatment, and naloxone or GSK1521498 displacement conditions. Logan distribution volume ratio (DVR) was calculated by using a reference model to quantitate brain regions, and the standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated for peripheral organs. The percent receptor occupancy (%RO) was calculated to establish the blocking effect of 0.14 mg/kg naloxone or GSK1521498. RESULTS The %RO in MOR-abundant brain regions was 75-90% for naloxone and 72-84% for GSK1521498 in blocking studies. A higher than 90% of %RO were observed in cervical spinal cord for both naloxone and GSK1521498. It took approximately 4-6 min for naloxone or GSK1521498 to distribute to CNS and displace [11C]CFN from the MOR. A smaller effect was observed in heart wall in the naloxone and GSK1521498 blocking studies. CONCLUSION [11C]CFN total-body PET scans could be a useful approach for studying mechanism of action of MOR drugs used in the treatment of acute and chronic opioid use disorder and their effect on the biodistribution of synthetic opioids such as CFN. GSK1521498 could be a potential naloxone alternative to reverse opioid overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Cosette Tomita
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Konstantinos Plakas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
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Le TM, Oba T, Couch L, McInerney L, Li CSR. The Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Reinforcement Learning during Pain Avoidance and Reward Seeking. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0437-23.2024. [PMID: 38365840 PMCID: PMC10901196 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0437-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms learn to gain reward and avoid punishment through action-outcome associations. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a critical framework to understand individual differences in this associative learning by assessing learning rate, action bias, pavlovian factor (i.e., the extent to which action values are influenced by stimulus values), and subjective impact of outcomes (i.e., motivation to seek reward and avoid punishment). Nevertheless, how these individual-level metrics are represented in the brain remains unclear. The current study leveraged fMRI in healthy humans and a probabilistic learning go/no-go task to characterize the neural correlates involved in learning to seek reward and avoid pain. Behaviorally, participants showed a higher learning rate during pain avoidance relative to reward seeking. Additionally, the subjective impact of outcomes was greater for reward trials and associated with lower response randomness. Our imaging findings showed that individual differences in learning rate and performance accuracy during avoidance learning were positively associated with activities of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex, and postcentral gyrus. In contrast, the pavlovian factor was represented in the precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during pain avoidance and reward seeking, respectively. Individual variation of the subjective impact of outcomes was positively predicted by activation of the left posterior cingulate cortex. Finally, action bias was represented by the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA whereas the SFG played a role in restraining this action tendency. Together, these findings highlight for the first time the neural substrates of individual differences in the computational processes during RL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
| | - Takeyuki Oba
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
| | - Luke Couch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
| | - Lauren McInerney
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Karppanen AK, Miettunen J, Hurtig T, Nordström T, Tammelin T, Korpelainen R. Temperament and longitudinal changes in physical activity - the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:426. [PMID: 36869293 PMCID: PMC9985204 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity is risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. This population-based birth cohort study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported temperament at age 31 and self-reported leisure-time moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and changes thereof from the age of 31 to the age of 46 years. METHODS The study population comprised 3,084 subjects (1,359 male and 1,725 female) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MVPA was self-reported at ages 31 and 46 years. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence and their subscales were measured using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory at age 31. Four temperament clusters were used in the analyses: persistent, overactive, dependent, and passive. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between temperament and MVPA. RESULTS The persistent and overactive temperament profiles at age 31 were positively associated with higher MVPA levels both in young adulthood and in midlife, while the passive and dependent temperament profiles were associated with lower MVPA levels. The overactive temperament profile was associated with a decrease in MVPA levels from young adulthood to midlife among males. CONCLUSION A passive temperament profile characterized by high harm avoidance is associated with a higher risk of low MVPA level than other temperament profiles over the life cycle in females. The results suggest that temperament may play a role in determining the level and sustainability of MVPA. Individual targeting and intervention tailoring for promoting physical activity should consider temperament traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Karppanen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of recent investigations have focused on the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). However, there have been few reviews of this literature with no detailed model proposed. We therefore undertook a systematic review of these investigations, aiming to map the available evidence and investigate whether it is possible to formulate a detailed model of the neurobiology of OCPD. METHODS OCPD can be considered from both categorical and dimensional perspectives. An electronic search was therefore conducted using terms that would address not only OCPD as a category, but also related constructs, such as perfectionism, that would capture research on neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and neurogenetics. RESULTS A total of 1059 articles were retrieved, with 87 ultimately selected for abstract screening, resulting in a final selection of 49 articles focusing on neurobiological investigations relevant to OCPD. Impaired executive function and cognitive inflexibility are common neuropsychological traits in this condition, and suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCPD may lie on a continuum. However, neuroimaging studies in OCPD indicate the involvement of specific neurocircuitry, including the precuneus and amygdala, and so suggest that OCD and OCPD may have important differences. Although OCPD has a heritable component, we found no well-powered genetic studies of OCPD. CONCLUSION Although knowledge in this area has advanced, there are insufficient data on which to base a comprehensive model of the neurobiology of OCPD. Given the clinical importance of OCPD, further work to understand the mechanisms that underpin this condition is warranted.
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Yu R, Zhao W, Wang M, Wang Y, Guo W, He L, Gong P. The interplay between parental care and OPRM1 in reward responsiveness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105845. [PMID: 35779341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) explains a variety of reward-motivated behaviors as the result of the activation of biologically-based systems. Inspired by the influences of parental bonding and opioid peptide on reward system, we investigated the contributions of parental bonding and mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) towards motivation systems (i.e., the BAS, BIS-anxiety, and FFFS-fear). Results indicated that (1) parental care was negatively related to FFFS-fear, but parental overprotection was positively related to both FFFS-fear and BIS-anxiety; (2) parental care significantly interacted with OPRM1 rs1799971 in reward responsiveness with diathesis-stress model. Poor parental care reduced reward responsiveness among individuals with the G allele, but not those with the AA genotype. These findings from this study demonstrate a new gene-environment interactive mechanism of the RST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhe Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenping Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenxuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linlin He
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:281-290. [PMID: 34811707 PMCID: PMC8983533 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across humans, and it is possible that individual differences in MOR availability underlie interindividual of variation in human sex drive. We measured healthy male subjects’ (n = 52) brain’s MOR availability with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand, [11C]carfentanil, that has high affinity for MORs. Sex drive was measured using self-reports of engaging in sexual behaviour (sex with partner and masturbating). Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sex drive was positively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and cingulate cortices. These results were replicated in full-volume GLM analysis. These widespread effects are in line with high spatial autocorrelation in MOR expression in human brain. Complementary voxel-based morphometry analysis (n = 108) of anatomical MR images provided limited evidence for positive association between sex drive and cortical density in the midcingulate cortex. We conclude that endogenous MOR tone is associated with individual differences in sex drive in human males.
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Turtonen O, Saarinen A, Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L, Tikka M, Armio RL, Hautamäki A, Laurikainen H, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hietala J. Adult Attachment System Links With Brain Mu Opioid Receptor Availability In Vivo. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:360-369. [PMID: 33431346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secure attachment is important in maintaining an individual's health and well-being. Attachment disturbances increase the risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders. Yet, the neurobiological correlates of human attachment are poorly understood at the neurotransmitter level. We investigated whether adult attachment style is linked to functioning of the opioid and serotonergic systems in the human brain. METHODS We used positron emission tomography with radioligands [11C]carfentanil and [11C]MADAM to quantify mu opioid receptor (n = 39) and serotonin transporter (n = 37) availability in volunteers with no current psychiatric disorders. Attachment style was determined according to the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation with the structured Adult Attachment Interview. RESULTS Secure attachment was associated with higher mu opioid receptor availability in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex when compared with insecure (i.e., avoidant or ambivalent groups combined) attachment. In contrast, attachment style was not associated with serotonin transporter availability. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide preliminary in vivo evidence that the opioid system may be involved in the neurocircuits associated with individual differences in adult attachment behavior. The results suggest that variation in mu opioid receptor availability may be linked with the individuals' social relationships and psychosocial well-being and thus contributes to risk for psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Turtonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta-Liina Armio
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Airi Hautamäki
- Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Nummenmaa L, Karjalainen T, Isojärvi J, Kantonen T, Tuisku J, Kaasinen V, Joutsa J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski K, Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Rinne J. Lowered endogenous mu-opioid receptor availability in subclinical depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1953-1959. [PMID: 32473595 PMCID: PMC7608336 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is associated with lowered mood, anxiety, anhedonia, sleep problems, and cognitive impairments. Many of these functions are regulated by μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system. Preclinical, in vivo, and post-mortem studies have however yielded inconclusive results regarding the role of the MOR in depression and anxiety. Moreover, it is not known whether alterations in MOR are already present in subclinical depression and anxiety. In a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study we pooled data from 135 (113 males and 22 females) healthy subjects whose brain's MOR availability was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand [11C]carfentanil that has high affinity for MORs. Depressive and anxious symptomology was addressed with BDI-II and STAI-X questionnaires, respectively. Both anxiety and depression scores in the subclinical range were negatively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in amygdala, hippocampus, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. We conclude that dysregulated MOR availability is involved in altered mood and pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku University Hospital University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku University Hospital University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Rocchi G, Sterlini B, Tardito S, Inglese M, Corradi A, Filaci G, Amore M, Magioncalda P, Martino M. Opioidergic System and Functional Architecture of Intrinsic Brain Activity: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:343-358. [PMID: 32133917 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420902360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The opioidergic system and intrinsic brain activity, as organized in large-scale networks such as the salience network (SN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and default-mode network (DMN), play core roles in healthy behavior and psychiatric disorders. This work aimed to investigate how opioidergic signaling affects intrinsic brain activity in healthy individuals by reviewing relevant neuroanatomical, molecular, functional, and pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging studies in order to clarify their physiological links and changes in psychiatric disorders. The SN shows dense opioidergic innervations of subcortical structures and high expression levels of opioid receptors in subcortical-cortical areas, with enhanced or reduced activity with low or very high doses of opioids, respectively. The SMN shows high levels of opioid receptors in subcortical areas and functional disconnection caused by opioids. The DMN shows low levels of opioid receptors in cortical areas and inhibited or enhanced activity with low or high doses of opioids, respectively. Finally, we proposed a working model. Opioidergic signaling enhances SN and suppresses SMN (and DMN) activity, resulting in affective excitation with psychomotor inhibition; stronger increases in opioidergic signaling attenuate the SN and SMN while disinhibiting the DMN, dissociating affective and psychomotor functions from the internal states; the opposite occurs with a deficit of opioidergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rocchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Sterlini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Magioncalda
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matteo Martino
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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A Survey of Molecular Imaging of Opioid Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224190. [PMID: 31752279 PMCID: PMC6891617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous peptide ligands for morphine binding sites occurred in parallel with the identification of three subclasses of opioid receptor (OR), traditionally designated as μ, δ, and κ, along with the more recently defined opioid-receptor-like (ORL1) receptor. Early efforts in opioid receptor radiochemistry focused on the structure of the prototype agonist ligand, morphine, although N-[methyl-11C]morphine, -codeine and -heroin did not show significant binding in vivo. [11C]Diprenorphine ([11C]DPN), an orvinol type, non-selective OR antagonist ligand, was among the first successful PET tracers for molecular brain imaging, but has been largely supplanted in research studies by the μ-preferring agonist [11C]carfentanil ([11C]Caf). These two tracers have the property of being displaceable by endogenous opioid peptides in living brain, thus potentially serving in a competition-binding model. Indeed, many clinical PET studies with [11C]DPN or [11C]Caf affirm the release of endogenous opioids in response to painful stimuli. Numerous other PET studies implicate μ-OR signaling in aspects of human personality and vulnerability to drug dependence, but there have been very few clinical PET studies of μORs in neurological disorders. Tracers based on naltrindole, a non-peptide antagonist of the δ-preferring endogenous opioid enkephalin, have been used in PET studies of δORs, and [11C]GR103545 is validated for studies of κORs. Structures such as [11C]NOP-1A show selective binding at ORL-1 receptors in living brain. However, there is scant documentation of δ-, κ-, or ORL1 receptors in healthy human brain or in neurological and psychiatric disorders; here, clinical PET research must catch up with recent progress in radiopharmaceutical chemistry.
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Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L. Opioid system and human emotions. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2737-2749. [PMID: 28394427 PMCID: PMC6016642 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are states of vigilant readiness that guide human and animal behaviour during survival-salient situations. Categorical models of emotions posit neurally and physiologically distinct basic human emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise) that govern different survival functions. Opioid receptors are expressed abundantly in the mammalian emotion circuit, and the opioid system modulates a variety of functions related to arousal and motivation. Yet, its specific contribution to different basic emotions has remained poorly understood. Here, we review how the endogenous opioid system and particularly the μ receptor contribute to emotional processing in humans. Activation of the endogenous opioid system is consistently associated with both pleasant and unpleasant emotions. In general, exogenous opioid agonists facilitate approach-oriented emotions (anger, pleasure) and inhibit avoidance-oriented emotions (fear, sadness). Opioids also modulate social bonding and affiliative behaviour, and prolonged opioid abuse may render both social bonding and emotion recognition circuits dysfunctional. However, there is no clear evidence that the opioid system is able to affect the emotions associated with surprise and disgust. Taken together, the opioid systems contribute to a wide array of positive and negative emotions through their general ability to modulate the approach versus avoidance motivation associated with specific emotions. Because of the protective effects of opioid system-mediated prosociality and positive mood, the opioid system may constitute an important factor contributing to psychological and psychosomatic resilience. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Enhancing treatment of osteoarthritis knee pain by boosting expectancy: A functional neuroimaging study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:325-334. [PMID: 29868449 PMCID: PMC5984593 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Expectation can significantly modulate pain and treatment effects. This study aims to investigate if boosting patients' expectancy can enhance the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and its underlying brain mechanism. Methods Seventy-four KOA patients were recruited and randomized to three groups: boosted acupuncture (with a manipulation to enhance expectation), standard acupuncture, or treatment as usual (TAU). Each patient underwent six treatments before being debriefed, and four additional treatments after being debriefed. The fMRI scans were applied during the first and sixth treatment sessions. Results We found significantly decreased knee pain in the boosted acupuncture group compared to the standard acupuncture or TAU groups after both six and ten treatments. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses using the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as the seed showed rsFC increases between the NAc and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the boosted group as compared to the standard acupuncture group after multiple treatments. Expectancy scores after the first treatment were significantly associated with increased NAc-rACC/MPFC rsFC and decreased knee pain following treatment. Conclusions Our study provides a novel method and mechanism for boosting the treatment of pain in patients with KOA. Our findings may shed light on enhancing outcomes of pharmacological and integrative medicines in clinical settings. Acupuncture with enhanced expectancy produced greater pain relief in KOA patients. NAc – ACC/MPFC rsFC increased after acupuncture with enhanced expectancy. NAc – ACC/MPFC rsFC increases are associated with clinical improvements. Our findings provide a novel method for boosting the treatment of chronic pain.
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Thobois S, Brefel-Courbon C, Le Bars D, Sgambato-Faure V. Molecular Imaging of Opioid System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:275-303. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Rovai L, Maremmani AGI, Bacciardi S, Gazzarrini D, Pallucchini A, Spera V, Perugi G, Maremmani I. Opposed effects of hyperthymic and cyclothymic temperament in substance use disorder (heroin- or alcohol-dependent patients). J Affect Disord 2017; 218:339-345. [PMID: 28494392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the comprehension of affective temperaments has helped us to outline the boundaries of mood disorders, and to expand our knowledge of nosographic areas other than those of affectivity, even if affectivity is closely related to them. In the field of substance use disorders, the temperamental profile of heroin addicts and alcoholics has been discussed elsewhere, but no comparison has yet been made between these two patient populations. Such a comparison would help to shed light on the pathogenetic mechanisms that link temperament with substance abuse. METHODS 63 Heroin Use Disorder (HUD) and 94 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) patients were compared with 130 healthy controls, with the aim of outlining affective temperament quantity and typology according to the formulation of Akiskal and Mallya. RESULTS Cyclothymic temperamental quantity differentiated - both at the univariate and multivariate levels - between patients who had various different types of Substance Use Disorder, largely irrespective of the principal substance of abuse (heroin or alcohol); irritable temperament quantity differentiated HUD patients from AUD patients. Hyperthymic temperament typology seemed to be more frequent in healthy controls at both univariate and multivariate levels. LIMITATION Cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that cyclothymic temperament quantity could best correspond to the temperamental profile of Substance Use Disorder patients independently of principal substance of abuse (alcohol or heroin), and that irritable temperament quantity may differentiate HUD from AUD patients. Hyperthymic temperament typology seemed to be highly protective for HUD and, though a bit less, for AUD patients, and was a typical feature of healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rovai
- Association for the Application of Scientific Knowledge to Social Aims, (AU-CNS), Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy; Psychiatric Department, Tuscany North-West Local Health Unit, Apuan Zone, Massa, Italy
| | - Angelo G I Maremmani
- Association for the Application of Scientific Knowledge to Social Aims, (AU-CNS), Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy; Psychiatric Department, Tuscany North-West Local Health Unit, Versilia Zone, Viareggio, Italy; G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bacciardi
- Association for the Application of Scientific Knowledge to Social Aims, (AU-CNS), Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy; Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Gazzarrini
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pallucchini
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenza Spera
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Psychiatric Unit2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy; G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | - Icro Maremmani
- Association for the Application of Scientific Knowledge to Social Aims, (AU-CNS), Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy; Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy; G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Pisa, Italy.
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Anxious personality and functional efficiency of the insular-opercular network: A graph-analytic approach to resting-state fMRI. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Karjalainen T, Tuominen L, Manninen S, Kalliokoski KK, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Behavioural activation system sensitivity is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1310-6. [PMID: 27053768 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement-sensitivity theory proposes that behavioural activation and inhibition systems (BAS and BIS, respectively) guide approach and avoidance behaviour in potentially rewarding and punishing situations. Their baseline activity presumably explains individual differences in behavioural dispositions when a person encounters signals of reward and harm. Yet, neurochemical bases of BAS and BIS have remained poorly understood. Here we used in vivo positron emission tomography with a µ-opioid receptor (MOR) specific ligand [(11)C]carfentanil to test whether individual differences in MOR availability would be associated with BAS or BIS. We scanned 49 healthy subjects and measured their BAS and BIS sensitivities using the BIS/BAS scales. BAS but not BIS sensitivity was positively associated with MOR availability in frontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, brainstem, cingulate cortex and insula. Strongest associations were observed for the BAS subscale 'Fun Seeking'. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid system underlies BAS, and that differences in MOR availability could explain inter-individual differences in reward seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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Dorsal raphe nucleus and harm avoidance: A resting-state investigation. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:561-9. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Navratilova E, Atcherley CW, Porreca F. Brain Circuits Encoding Reward from Pain Relief. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:741-750. [PMID: 26603560 PMCID: PMC4752429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Relief from pain in humans is rewarding and pleasurable. Primary rewards, or reward-predictive cues, are encoded in brain reward/motivational circuits. While considerable advances have been made in our understanding of reward circuits underlying positive reinforcement, less is known about the circuits underlying the hedonic and reinforcing actions of pain relief. We review findings from electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies supporting the concept that the rewarding effect of pain relief requires opioid signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), activation of midbrain dopamine neurons, and the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Understanding of circuits that govern the reward of pain relief may allow the discovery of more effective and satisfying therapies for patients with acute or chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Deparment of Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85453, USA.
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Smith CJW, Wilkins KB, Mogavero JN, Veenema AH. Social Novelty Investigation in the Juvenile Rat: Modulation by the μ-Opioid System. J Neuroendocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26212131 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The drive to approach and explore novel conspecifics is inherent to social animals and may promote optimal social functioning. Juvenile animals seek out interactions with novel peers more frequently and find these interactions to be more rewarding than their adult counterparts. In the present study, we aimed to establish a behavioural paradigm to measure social novelty-seeking in juvenile rats and to determine the involvement of the opioid, dopamine, oxytocin and vasopressin systems in this behaviour. To this end, we developed the social novelty preference test to assess the preference of a juvenile rat to investigate a novel over a familiar (cage mate) conspecific. We show that across the juvenile period both male and female rats spend more time investigating a novel conspecific than a cage mate, independent of subject sex or repeated exposure to the test. We hypothesised that brain systems subserving social information processing and social motivation/reward (i.e. the opioid, dopamine, oxytocin, vasopressin systems) might support social novelty preference. To test this, receptor antagonists of each of these systems were administered i.c.v. prior to exposure to the social novelty preference test and, subsequently, to the social preference test, to examine the specificity of these effects. We find that μ-opioid receptor antagonism reduces novel social investigation in both the social novelty preference and social preference tests while leaving the investigation of a cage mate (social novelty preference test) or an object (social preference test) unaffected. In contrast, central blockade of dopamine D2 receptors (with eticlopride), oxytocin receptors (with des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT) or vasopressin V1a receptors [with (CH2)5Tyr(Me2)AVP] failed to alter social novelty preference or social preference. Overall, we have established a new behavioural test to study social novelty-seeking behaviour in the juvenile rat and show that the μ-opioid system facilitates this behaviour, possibly by reducing risk avoidance and enhancing the hedonic and/or motivational value of social novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J W Smith
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - K B Wilkins
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - J N Mogavero
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - A H Veenema
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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Wolz I, Agüera Z, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gratz KL, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Emotion regulation in disordered eating: Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale among Spanish adults and its interrelations with personality and clinical severity. Front Psychol 2015; 6:907. [PMID: 26175710 PMCID: PMC4485313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aims of the study were to (1) validate the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in a sample of Spanish adults with and without eating disorders, and (2) explore the role of emotion regulation difficulties in eating disorders (ED), including its mediating role in the relation between key personality traits and ED severity. Methods: One hundred and thirty four patients (121 female, mean age = 29 years) with anorexia nervosa (n = 30), bulimia nervosa (n = 54), binge eating (n = 20), or Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (n = 30) and 74 healthy control participants (51 female, mean age = 21 years) reported on general psychopathology, ED severity, personality traits and difficulties in emotion regulation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the psychometrics of the DERS in this Spanish sample (Aim 1). Additionally, to examine the role of emotion regulation difficulties in ED (Aim 2), differences in emotion regulation difficulties across eating disorder subgroups were examined and structural equation modeling was used to explore the interrelations among emotion regulation, personality traits, and eating disorder severity. Results: Results support the validity and reliability of the DERS within this Spanish adult sample and suggest that this measure has a similar factor structure in this sample as in the original sample. Moreover, emotion regulation difficulties were found to differ as a function of eating disorder subtype and to mediate the relation between two specific personality traits (i.e., high harm avoidance and low self-directedness) and ED severity. Conclusions: Personality traits of high harm avoidance and low self-directedness may increase vulnerability to ED pathology indirectly, through emotion regulation difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, University Autònoma of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, USA
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Kirtley OJ, O’Carroll RE, O’Connor RC. The role of endogenous opioids in non-suicidal self-injurious behavior: Methodological challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 48:186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Buchman AS, Yu L, Wilson RS, Shulman JM, Boyle PA, Bennett DA. Harm avoidance is associated with progression of parkinsonism in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:54. [PMID: 24754876 PMCID: PMC4022545 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that harm avoidance, a trait associated with behavioral inhibition, is associated with the rate of change in parkinsonism in older adults. Methods At baseline harm avoidance was assessed with a standard self-report instrument in 969 older people without dementia participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal community-based cohort study. Parkinsonism was assessed annually with a modified version of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS). Results Average follow-up was 5 years. A linear mixed-effects model controlling for age, sex and education showed that for an average participant (female, 80 years old at baseline, with 14 years of education and a harm avoidance score of 10), the overall severity of parkinsonism increased by about 0.05 unit/ year (Estimate, 0.054, S.E., 0.007, p <0.001) and that the level of harm avoidance was associated with the progression of parkinsonism (Estimate, 0.004, S.E., 0.001, p <0.001). Thus, for an average participant, every 6 point (~1 SD) increase in harm avoidance score at baseline, the rate of progression of parkinsonism increased about 50% compared to an individual with an average harm avoidance score. This amount of change in parkinsonism over the course of the study was associated with about a 5% increased risk of death. The association between harm avoidance and progression of parkinsonism persisted when controlling for cognitive function, depressive symptoms, loneliness, neuroticism, late-life cognitive, social and physical activities and chronic health conditions. Conclusion A higher level of the harm avoidance trait is associated with a more rapid progression of parkinsonism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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PET Neuroimaging: The White Elephant Packs His Trunk? Neuroimage 2014; 84:1094-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Storage S, Mandelkern MA, Phuong J, Kozman M, Neary MK, Brody AL. A positive relationship between harm avoidance and brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability. Psychiatry Res 2013; 214:415-21. [PMID: 24148908 PMCID: PMC3851586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that disturbance of cholinergic neurotransmission reduces anxiety, leading to the hypothesis that people with heightened cholinergic function have a greater tendency toward anxiety-like and/or harm-avoidant behavior. We sought to determine if people with elevated levels of harm avoidance (HA), a dimension of temperament from the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), have high α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) availability. Healthy adults (n=105; 47 non-smokers and 58 smokers) underwent bolus-plus-continuous infusion positron emission tomography (PET) scanning using the radiotracer 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine (abbreviated as 2-FA). During the uptake period of 2-FA, participants completed the TCI. The central study analysis revealed a significant association between total HA and mean nAChR availability, with higher total HA scores being linked with greater nAChR availability. In examining HA subscales, both 'Fear of Uncertainty' and 'Fatigability' were significant, based on higher levels of these characteristics being associated with greater nAChR availabilities. This study adds to a growing body of knowledge concerning the biological basis of personality and may prove useful in understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders (such as anxiety disorders) that have similar characteristics to HA. Study findings may indicate that heightened cholinergic neurotransmission is associated with increased anxiety-like traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Storage
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Mandelkern
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Physics, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Phuong
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maggie Kozman
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meaghan K. Neary
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur L. Brody
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author at: UCLA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200 Los Angeles, CA 90095. Tel.: +310 268 4778; fax: +310 206 2802.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Takizawa R, Nishimura Y, Yamasue H, Kasai K. Anxiety and performance: the disparate roles of prefrontal subregions under maintained psychological stress. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:1858-66. [PMID: 23425891 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in anxiety and psychological stress in daily life, little is known about neural correlates that underlie maintained psychological stress and their relationship with anxiety. In particular, the activation characteristics of lateral prefrontal subregions and their relationship with anxiety and cognitive performance under maintained psychological stress remain unknown. This study used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive and "real-world" functional neuroimaging method, to investigate the hemodynamic responses in wide areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the influence of anxiety under conditions of maintained stress induced by a continuous arithmetic task (2 sets, 15 min each) performed in a natural sitting posture. Although anxiety and performance are not directly correlated, the hemodynamic response in the medial portion of the lateral PFC (dorsolateral and frontopolar PFC) was significantly associated with anxiety, while hemodynamic responses in the ventrolateral PFC were associated with performance. Additionally, in the same medial region of the lateral PFC, trait and state anxieties were related to changes in deoxy- and oxy-hemoglobin concentrations, respectively. This NIRS finding suggests disparate roles for prefrontal subregions in anxiety and performance under psychological stress and may lead to a better understanding of neural correlates for anxiety in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Youth Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and
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