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Deng W, Tuominen L, Sussman R, Leathem L, Vinke LN, Holt DJ. Author Correction: Changes in responses of the amygdala and hippocampus during fear conditioning are associated with persecutory beliefs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9345. [PMID: 38653746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wisteria Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Sussman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Logan Leathem
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Louis N Vinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Deng W, Tuominen L, Sussman R, Leathem L, Vinke LN, Holt DJ. Changes in responses of the amygdala and hippocampus during fear conditioning are associated with persecutory beliefs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8173. [PMID: 38589562 PMCID: PMC11001942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The persecutory delusion is the most common symptom of psychosis, yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Prior studies have suggested that abnormalities in medial temporal lobe-dependent associative learning may contribute to this symptom. In the current study, this hypothesis was tested in a non-clinical sample of young adults without histories of psychiatric treatment (n = 64), who underwent classical Pavlovian fear conditioning while fMRI data were collected. During the fear conditioning procedure, participants viewed images of faces which were paired (the CS+) or not paired (the CS-) with an aversive stimulus (a mild electrical shock). Fear conditioning-related neural responses were measured in two medial temporal lobe regions, the amygdala and hippocampus, and in other closely connected brain regions of the salience and default networks. The participants without persecutory beliefs (n = 43) showed greater responses to the CS- compared to the CS+ in the right amygdala and hippocampus, while the participants with persecutory beliefs (n = 21) failed to exhibit this response. These between-group differences were not accounted for by symptoms of depression, anxiety or a psychosis risk syndrome. However, the severity of subclinical psychotic symptoms overall was correlated with the level of this aberrant response in the amygdala (p = .013) and hippocampus (p = .033). Thus, these findings provide evidence for a disruption of medial temporal lobe-dependent associative learning in young people with subclinical psychotic symptoms, specifically persecutory thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisteria Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Sussman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Logan Leathem
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Louis N Vinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hamati R, Ahrens J, Shvetz C, Holahan MR, Tuominen L. 65 years of research on dopamine's role in classical fear conditioning and extinction: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1099-1140. [PMID: 37848184 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter, has historically been associated with the encoding of reward, whereas its role in aversion has received less attention. Here, we systematically gathered the vast evidence of the role of dopamine in the simplest forms of aversive learning: classical fear conditioning and extinction. In the past, crude methods were used to augment or inhibit dopamine to study its relationship with fear conditioning and extinction. More advanced techniques such as conditional genetic, chemogenic and optogenetic approaches now provide causal evidence for dopamine's role in these learning processes. Dopamine neurons encode conditioned stimuli during fear conditioning and extinction and convey the signal via activation of D1-4 receptor sites particularly in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatum. The coordinated activation of dopamine receptors allows for the continuous formation, consolidation, retrieval and updating of fear and extinction memory in a dynamic and reciprocal manner. Based on the reviewed literature, we conclude that dopamine is crucial for the encoding of classical fear conditioning and extinction and contributes in a way that is comparable to its role in encoding reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Hamati
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ahrens
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecelia Shvetz
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Solmi M, Seitidis G, Mavridis D, Correll CU, Dragioti E, Guimond S, Tuominen L, Dargél A, Carvalho AF, Fornaro M, Maes M, Monaco F, Song M, Il Shin J, Cortese S. Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of schizophrenia - data, with critical appraisal, from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5319-5327. [PMID: 37500825 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia substantially contributes to the burden of mental disorders. Schizophrenia's burden and epidemiological estimates in some countries have been published, but updated estimates of prevalence, incidence, and schizophrenia-related disability at the global level are lacking. Here, we present the data from and critically discuss the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data, focusing on temporal changes in schizophrenia's prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. From 1990 to 2019, schizophrenia raw prevalence (14.2 to 23.6 million), incidence (941,000 to 1.3 million), and DALYs (9.1 to 15.1 million) increased by over 65%, 37%, and 65% respectively, while age-standardized estimates remained stable globally. In countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI), both prevalence and DALYs increased, while in those with low SDI, the age-standardized incidence decreased and DALYs remained stable. The male/female ratio of burden of schizophrenia has remained stable in the overall population over the past 30 years (i.e., M/F = 1.1), yet decreasing from younger to older age groups (raw prevalence in females higher than males after age 65, with males having earlier age of onset, and females longer life expectancy). Results of this work suggest that schizophrenia's raw prevalence, incidence, and burden have been increasing since 1990. Age-adjusted estimates did not reduce. Schizophrenia detection in low SDI countries is suboptimal, and its prevention/treatment in high SDI countries should be improved, considering its increasing prevalence. Schizophrenia sex ratio inverts throughout the lifespan, suggesting different age of onset and survival by sex. However, prevalence and burden estimates for schizophrenia are probably underestimated. GBD does not account for mortality from schizophrenia (and other mental disorders, apart from anorexia nervosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health (CIMH), School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georgios Seitidis
- Department of Primary Education, Evidence Synthesis Methods Team, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, Evidence Synthesis Methods Team, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Faculté de Médecine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, SE-581 85, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of psychoeducation and psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
- Department of psychiatry, University of Ottawa, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of psychiatry, University of Ottawa, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aroldo Dargél
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Maes
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, and Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Minjin Song
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health (CIMH), School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, USA
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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5
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Watson M, Chaves AR, Gebara A, Desforges M, Broomfield A, Landry N, Lemoyne A, Shim S, Drodge J, Cuda J, Kiaee N, Nasr Y, Carleton C, Daskalakis ZJ, Taylor R, Tuominen L, Brender R, Antochi R, McMurray L, Tremblay S. A naturalistic study comparing the efficacy of unilateral and bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation in treating major depression - the U-B-D study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:739. [PMID: 37817124 PMCID: PMC10566125 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting millions worldwide, leading to disability and reduced quality of life. MDD poses a global health priority due to its early onset and association with other disabling conditions. Available treatments for MDD exhibit varying effectiveness, and a substantial portion of individuals remain resistant to treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied to the left and/or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), is an alternative treatment strategy for those experiencing treatment-resistant MDD. The objective of this study is to investigate whether this newer form of rTMS, namely theta burst stimulation (TBS), when performed unilaterally or bilaterally, is efficacious in treatment-resistant MDD. METHODS In this naturalistic, randomized double-blinded non-inferiority trial, participants with a major depressive episode will be randomized to receive either unilateral (i.e., continuous TBS [cTBS] to the right and sham TBS to the left DLPFC) or bilateral sequential TBS (i.e., cTBS to the right and intermittent TBS [iTBS] to the left DLPFC) delivered 5 days a week for 4-6 weeks. Responders will move onto a 6-month flexible maintenance phase where TBS treatment will be delivered at a decreasing frequency depending on degree of symptom mitigation. Several clinical assessments and neuroimaging and neurophysiological biomarkers will be collected to investigate treatment response and potential associated biomarkers. A non-inferiority analysis will investigate whether bilateral sequential TBS is non-inferior to unilateral TBS and regression analyses will investigate biomarkers of treatment response. We expect to recruit a maximal of 256 participants. This trial is approved by the Research Ethics Board of The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research (REB# 2,019,071) and will follow the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. DISCUSSION Comprehensive assessment of symptoms and neurophysiological biomarkers will contribute to understanding the differential efficacy of the tested treatment protocols, identifying biomarkers for treatment response, and shedding light into underlying mechanisms of TBS. Our findings will inform future clinical trials and aid in personalizing treatment selection and scheduling for individuals with MDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home (#NCT04142996).
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Watson
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Arthur R Chaves
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Abir Gebara
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Manon Desforges
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation Et Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Alexandre-Taché Boul, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Antoinette Broomfield
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Noémie Landry
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation Et Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Alexandre-Taché Boul, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Lemoyne
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation Et Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Alexandre-Taché Boul, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Stacey Shim
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jessica Drodge
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Cuda
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Nasim Kiaee
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Youssef Nasr
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Christophe Carleton
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation Et Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Alexandre-Taché Boul, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Reggie Taylor
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ram Brender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Ruxandra Antochi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Lisa McMurray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Sara Tremblay
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Département de Psychoéducation Et Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Alexandre-Taché Boul, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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6
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Hansen JY, Shafiei G, Markello RD, Smart K, Cox SML, Nørgaard M, Beliveau V, Wu Y, Gallezot JD, Aumont É, Servaes S, Scala SG, DuBois JM, Wainstein G, Bezgin G, Funck T, Schmitz TW, Spreng RN, Galovic M, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS, Coles JP, Fryer TD, Aigbirhio FI, McGinnity CJ, Hammers A, Soucy JP, Baillet S, Guimond S, Hietala J, Bedard MA, Leyton M, Kobayashi E, Rosa-Neto P, Ganz M, Knudsen GM, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shine JM, Carson RE, Tuominen L, Dagher A, Misic B. Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1569-1581. [PMID: 36303070 PMCID: PMC9630096 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macro-scale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remain poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. We replicated all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ross D Markello
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Department of Psychology, Center for Reproducible Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Étienne Aumont
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gleb Bezgin
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Saanijoki T, Kantonen T, Pekkarinen L, Kalliokoski K, Hirvonen J, Malén T, Tuominen L, Tuulari JJ, Arponen E, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Cerebral μ-Opioid Receptor Activation in Healthy Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1076-1084. [PMID: 35195103 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central μ-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate affective responses to physical exercise. Individuals with higher aerobic fitness report greater exercise-induced mood improvements than those with lower fitness, but the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and the MOR system remains unresolved. Here we tested whether maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and physical activity level are associated with cerebral MOR availability and whether these phenotypes predict endogenous opioid release after a session of exercise. METHODS We studied 64 healthy lean men who performed a maximal incremental cycling test for V̇O2peak determination, completed a questionnaire assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; in minutes per week), and underwent positron emission tomography with [11C]carfentanil, a specific radioligand for MOR. A subset of 24 subjects underwent additional positron emission tomography scan also after a 1-h session of moderate-intensity exercise and 12 of them also after a bout of high-intensity interval training. RESULTS Higher self-reported MVPA level predicted greater opioid release after high-intensity interval training, and both V̇O2peak and MVPA level were associated with a larger decrease in cerebral MOR binding after aerobic exercise in the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. That is, more trained individuals showed greater opioid release acutely after exercise in brain regions especially relevant for reward and cognitive processing. Fitness was not associated with MOR availability. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that regular exercise training and higher aerobic fitness may induce neuroadaptation within the MOR system, which might contribute to improved emotional and behavioral responses associated with long-term exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tuulia Malén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
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8
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Cassidy CM, Therriault J, Pascoal TA, Cheung V, Savard M, Tuominen L, Chamoun M, McCall A, Celebi S, Lussier F, Massarweh G, Soucy JP, Weinshenker D, Tardif C, Ismail Z, Gauthier S, Rosa-Neto P. Association of locus coeruleus integrity with Braak stage and neuropsychiatric symptom severity in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1128-1136. [PMID: 35177805 PMCID: PMC8938499 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and pathophysiological correlates of locus coeruleus (LC) degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be clarified using a method to index LC integrity in vivo, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI). We examined whether integrity of the LC-norepinephrine system, assessed with NM-MRI, is associated with stage of AD and with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), independent of cortical pathophysiology (amyloid-β and tau burden). Cognitively normal older adults (n = 118), and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 44), and AD (n = 28) underwent MR imaging and tau and amyloid-β positron emission tomography (with [18F]MK6240 and [18F]AZD4694, respectively). Integrity of the LC-norepinephrine system was assessed based on contrast-to-noise ratio of the LC on NM-MRI images. Braak stage of AD was derived from regional binding of [18F]MK6240. NPS were assessed with the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C). LC signal contrast was decreased in tau-positive participants (t186 = -4.00, p = 0.0001) and negatively correlated to Braak stage (Spearman ρ = -0.31, p = 0.00006). In tau-positive participants (n = 51), higher LC signal predicted NPS severity (ρ = 0.35, p = 0.019) independently of tau burden, amyloid-β burden, and cortical gray matter volume. This relationship appeared to be driven by the impulse dyscontrol domain of NPS, which was highly correlated to LC signal (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.0027). NM-MRI reveals loss of LC integrity that correlates to severity of AD. However, LC preservation in AD may also have negative consequences by conferring risk for impulse control symptoms. NM-MRI shows promise as a practical biomarker that could have utility in predicting the risk of NPS or guiding their treatment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford M. Cassidy
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Tharick A. Pascoal
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Victoria Cheung
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Adelina McCall
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Seyda Celebi
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Firoza Lussier
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - David Weinshenker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Christine Tardif
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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9
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Salokangas RKR, From T, Ilonen T, Luutonen S, Heinimaa M, Armio RL, Laurikainen H, Walta M, Paju J, Toivonen A, Jalo P, Tuominen L, Hietala J. Short-term functional outcome in psychotic patients: results of the Turku early psychosis study (TEPS). BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:602. [PMID: 34856968 PMCID: PMC8641211 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional recovery of patients with clinical and subclinical psychosis is associated with clinical, neuropsychological and developmental factors. Less is known about how these factors predict functional outcomes in the same models. We investigated functional outcomes and their predictors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or a confirmed or nonconfirmed clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P vs. CHR-N). METHODS Altogether, 130 patients with FEP, 60 patients with CHR-P and 47 patients with CHR-N were recruited and extensively examined at baseline (T0) and 9 (T1) and 18 (T2) months later. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at T0, T1 and T2 and psychotic, depression, and anxiety symptoms at T1 and T2 were assessed. Functional outcomes were predicted using multivariate repeated ANOVA. RESULTS During follow-up, the GAF score improved significantly in patients with FEP and CHR-P but not in patients with CHR-N. A single marital status, low basic education level, poor work situation, disorganization symptoms, perceptual deficits, and poor premorbid adjustment in patients with FEP, disorganization symptoms and poor premorbid adjustment in patients with CHR-P, and a low basic education level, poor work situation and general symptoms in patients with CHR-N predicted poor functional outcomes. Psychotic symptoms at T1 in patients with FEP and psychotic and depression symptoms at T1 and anxiety symptoms at T2 in patients with CHR-P were associated with poor functioning. CONCLUSIONS In patients with FEP and CHR-P, poor premorbid adjustment and disorganization symptomatology are common predictors of the functional outcome, while a low education level and poor work situation predict worse functional outcomes in patients with FEP and CHR-N. Interventions aimed at improving the ability to work and study are most important in improving the functioning of patients with clinical or subclinical psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo K R Salokangas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tiina From
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Sinikka Luutonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Heinimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta-Liina Armio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Walta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Janina Paju
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Toivonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Jalo
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, FIN-20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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10
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Webler RD, Berg H, Fhong K, Tuominen L, Holt DJ, Morey RA, Lange I, Burton PC, Fullana MA, Radua J, Lissek S. The neurobiology of human fear generalization: meta-analysis and working neural model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:421-436. [PMID: 34242718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fear generalization to stimuli resembling a conditioned danger-cue (CS+) is a fundamental dynamic of classical fear-conditioning. Despite the ubiquity of fear generalization in human experience and its known pathogenic contribution to clinical anxiety, neural investigations of human generalization have only recently begun. The present work provides the first meta-analysis of this growing literature to delineate brain substrates of conditioned fear-generalization and formulate a working neural model. Included studies (K = 6, N = 176) reported whole-brain fMRI results and applied generalization-gradient methodology to identify brain activations that gradually strengthen (positive generalization) or weaken (negative generalization) as presented stimuli increase in CS+ resemblance. Positive generalization was instantiated in cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, striatal-thalamic, and midbrain regions (locus coeruleus, periaqueductal grey, ventral tegmental area), while negative generalization was implemented in default-mode network nodes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus) and amygdala. Findings are integrated within an updated neural account of generalization centering on the hippocampus, its modulation by locus coeruleus and basolateral amygdala, and the excitation of threat- or safety-related loci by the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Webler
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hannah Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kimberly Fhong
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham VAMC, Durham, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C Burton
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Miquel Angel Fullana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Campus Casanova, Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Casanovas 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Casanovas 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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11
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Karlsson HK, Tuominen L, Helin S, Salminen P, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Preoperative brain μ-opioid receptor availability predicts weight development following bariatric surgery in women. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147820. [PMID: 33848266 PMCID: PMC8262287 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most effective method for weight loss in morbid obesity. There is significant individual variability in the weight loss outcomes, yet factors leading to postoperative weight loss or weight regain remain elusive. Alterations in the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) systems are associated with obesity and appetite control, and the magnitude of initial brain receptor system perturbation may predict long-term surgical weight loss outcomes. We tested this hypothesis by studying 19 morbidly obese women (mean BMI 40) scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery. We measured their preoperative MOR and D2R availabilities using positron emission tomography with [11C]carfentanil and [11C]raclopride, respectively, and then assessed their weight development association with regional MOR and D2R availabilities at 24-month follow-up. MOR availability in the amygdala consistently predicted weight development throughout the follow-up period, but no associations were found for D2R. This is the first study to our knowledge to demonstrate that neuroreceptor markers prior to bariatric surgery are associated with postoperative weight development. Postoperative weight regain may derive from dysfunction in the opioid system, and weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery may be partially predicted based on preoperative brain receptor availability, opening up new potential for treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Saint-Georges Z, Zayed VK, Dinelle K, Cassidy C, Soucy JP, Massarweh G, Rotstein B, Nery PB, Guimond S, deKemp R, Tuominen L. First-in-human imaging and kinetic analysis of vesicular acetylcholine transporter density in the heart using [ 18F]FEOBV PET. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:50-54. [PMID: 32909238 PMCID: PMC7921026 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to cardiac sympathetic activity which can be assessed with established PET tracers, there are currently no suitable radioligands to measure cardiac parasympathetic (cholinergic) activity. A radioligand able to measure cardiac cholinergic activity would be an invaluable clinical and research tool since cholinergic dysfunction has been associated with a wide array of pathologies (e.g., chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrythmias). [18F]Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (FEOBV) is a cholinergic radiotracer that has been extensively validated in the brain. Whether FEOBV PET can be used to assess cholinergic activity in the heart is not known. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the properties of FEOBV for cardiac PET imaging and cholinergic activity mapping. PET data were collected for 40 minutes after injection of 230 ± 50 MBq of FEOBV in four healthy participants (1 female; Age: 37 ± 10; BMI: 25 ± 2). Dynamic LV time activity curves were fitted with Logan graphical, 1-tissue compartment, and 2-tissue compartment models, yielding similar distribution volume estimates for each participant. Our initial data show that FEOBV PET has favorable tracer kinetics for quantification of cholinergic activity and is a promising new method for assessing parasympathetic function in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharie Saint-Georges
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Vanessa K Zayed
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Dinelle
- Brain Imaging Centre, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford Cassidy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo B Nery
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert deKemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Tuominen L, DeCross SN, Boeke E, Cassidy CM, Freudenreich O, Shinn AK, Tootell RBH, Holt DJ. Neural Abnormalities in Fear Generalization in Schizophrenia and Associations With Negative Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2021; 6:1165-1175. [PMID: 33524600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associative learning and memory processes, including the generalization of previously learned associations, may be altered in schizophrenia. Deficits in schizophrenia in stimulus generalization, one of the simplest forms of memory, could interfere with the ability to efficiently categorize related, similar information, potentially leading to impairments in daily functioning. METHODS To measure generalization in schizophrenia, 37 individuals with a nonaffective psychotic disorder and 32 demographically matched healthy control subjects underwent a Pavlovian fear conditioning and generalization procedure, which accounted for variation in perceptual ability across participants, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance and neural responses to conditioned (CS+), neutral (CS-), and generalization stimuli were measured. Explicit memory ratings reflecting successful generalization were also collected after the scanning, as well as measures of symptom severity. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, individuals with nonaffective psychotic disorders showed significant deficits in fear generalization across multiple measurements, with impairments in memory ratings and reductions in activation and deactivation of the salience and default networks, respectively, during fear generalization. Moreover, in the psychotic disorder group, greater behavioral and neural abnormalities in generalization were associated with higher levels of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Fear generalization is impaired in psychotic illness. Given that successful generalization relies on a dynamic balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, these results reveal a potentially quantifiable mechanism linked to negative symptoms that can be investigated further in future human and experimental animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie N DeCross
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Boeke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Clifford M Cassidy
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Freudenreich
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Roger B H Tootell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Turtonen O, Saarinen A, Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L, Tikka M, Armio RL, Hautamäki A, Laurikainen H, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hietala J. Adult Attachment System Links With Brain Mu Opioid Receptor Availability In Vivo. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2020; 6:360-369. [PMID: 33431346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secure attachment is important in maintaining an individual's health and well-being. Attachment disturbances increase the risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders. Yet, the neurobiological correlates of human attachment are poorly understood at the neurotransmitter level. We investigated whether adult attachment style is linked to functioning of the opioid and serotonergic systems in the human brain. METHODS We used positron emission tomography with radioligands [11C]carfentanil and [11C]MADAM to quantify mu opioid receptor (n = 39) and serotonin transporter (n = 37) availability in volunteers with no current psychiatric disorders. Attachment style was determined according to the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation with the structured Adult Attachment Interview. RESULTS Secure attachment was associated with higher mu opioid receptor availability in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex when compared with insecure (i.e., avoidant or ambivalent groups combined) attachment. In contrast, attachment style was not associated with serotonin transporter availability. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide preliminary in vivo evidence that the opioid system may be involved in the neurocircuits associated with individual differences in adult attachment behavior. The results suggest that variation in mu opioid receptor availability may be linked with the individuals' social relationships and psychosocial well-being and thus contributes to risk for psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Turtonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta-Liina Armio
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Airi Hautamäki
- Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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15
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Tremblay S, Tuominen L, Zayed V, Pascual-Leone A, Joutsa J. The study of noninvasive brain stimulation using molecular brain imaging: A systematic review. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Karjalainen T, Tuisku J, Santavirta S, Kantonen T, Bucci M, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Rinne JO, Nummenmaa L. Magia: Robust Automated Image Processing and Kinetic Modeling Toolbox for PET Neuroinformatics. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:3. [PMID: 32116627 PMCID: PMC7012016 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of positron emission tomography (PET) data typically involves manual work, causing inter-operator variance. Here we introduce the Magia toolbox that enables processing of brain PET data with minimal user intervention. We investigated the accuracy of Magia with four tracers: [11C]carfentanil, [11C]raclopride, [11C]MADAM, and [11C]PiB. We used data from 30 control subjects for each tracer. Five operators manually delineated reference regions for each subject. The data were processed using Magia using the manually and automatically generated reference regions. We first assessed inter-operator variance resulting from the manual delineation of reference regions. We then compared the differences between the manually and automatically produced reference regions and the subsequently obtained binding potentials and standardized-uptake-value-ratios. The results show that manually produced reference regions can be remarkably different from each other, leading to substantial differences also in outcome measures. While the Magia-derived reference regions were anatomically different from the manual ones, Magia produced outcome measures highly consistent with the average of the manually obtained estimates. For [11C]carfentanil and [11C]PiB there was no bias, while for [11C]raclopride and [11C]MADAM Magia produced 3-5% higher binding potentials. Based on these results and considering the high inter-operator variance of the manual method, we conclude that Magia can be reliably used to process brain PET data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O. Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Armio RL, Laurikainen H, Ilonen T, Walta M, Salokangas RKR, Koutsouleris N, Hietala J, Tuominen L. Amygdala subnucleus volumes in psychosis high-risk state and first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:284-292. [PMID: 31744752 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala in schizophrenia have been well documented. Post-mortem studies suggest that the lateral nucleus is particularly affected in schizophrenia. It is not known whether the amygdala subnuclei are differently affected at the time of the first-episode psychosis or already at high-risk state. 75 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 45 clinical high-risk patients (CHR) and 76 population controls participated in this cross-sectional case-control study. Participants underwent T1-weighted 3T MRI scans, from which the amygdala was segmented using a newly developed automated algorithm. Because early adverse events increase risk for psychosis and affect the amygdala, we also tested whether experiences of childhood maltreatment associate with the putative amygdala subnuclei abnormalities. Compared to the population controls, FEP had smaller volumes of the lateral, and basal nuclei. In CHR, only the lateral nucleus was significantly smaller compared to the control subjects. Experience of childhood maltreatment was inversely associated with lateral nucleus volumes in FEP but not in CHR. These results show that the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala are already affected in FEP. These volumetric changes may reflect specific cellular abnormalities that have been observed in post-mortem studies in schizophrenia in the same subnuclei. Decreased volume of the lateral nucleus in CHR suggest that a smaller lateral nucleus could serve as a potential biomarker for psychosis risk. Finally, we found that the lateral nucleus volumes in FEP may be sensitive to the effects of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta-Liina Armio
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Walta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raimo K R Salokangas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 8N3, Canada
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18
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Tuominen L, Boeke E, DeCross S, Wolthusen RPF, Nasr S, Milad M, Vangel M, Tootell R, Holt D. The relationship of perceptual discrimination to neural mechanisms of fear generalization. Neuroimage 2019; 188:445-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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19
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Laurikainen H, Tuominen L, Tikka M, Merisaari H, Armio RL, Sormunen E, Borgan F, Veronese M, Howes O, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O, Hietala J. Sex difference in brain CB1 receptor availability in man. Neuroimage 2018; 184:834-842. [PMID: 30296558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a widespread neuromodulatory function in the central nervous system and is involved in important aspects of brain function including brain development, cortical rhythms, plasticity, reward, and stress sensitivity. Many of these effects are mediated via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) subtype. Animal studies convincingly show an interaction between the ECS and sex hormones, as well as a sex difference of higher brain CB1R in males. Human in vivo studies of sex difference have yielded discrepant findings. Gender differences in CB1R availability were investigated in vivo in 11 male and 11 female healthy volunteers using a specific CB1R tracer [18F]FMPEP-d2 and positron emission tomography (PET). Regional [18F]FMPEP-d2 distribution volume was used as a proxy for CB1R availability. In addition, we explored whether CB1R availability is linked to neuropsychological functioning. Relative to females, CB1R availability was on average 41% higher in males (p = 0.002) with a regionally specific effect larger in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices (p = 0.001). Inter-subject variability in CB1R availability was similar in both groups. Voxel-based analyses revealed an inverse association between CB1R availability and visuospatial working memory task performance in both groups (p < 0.001). A CB1R sex difference with a large effect size was observed and should be considered in the design of CB1R-related studies on neuropsychiatric disorders. The behavioural correlates and clinical significance of this difference remain to be further elucidated, but our studies suggest an association between CB1R availability and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Laurikainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Reetta-Liina Armio
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Faith Borgan
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.
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20
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Abstract
Emotions are states of vigilant readiness that guide human and animal behaviour during survival-salient situations. Categorical models of emotions posit neurally and physiologically distinct basic human emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise) that govern different survival functions. Opioid receptors are expressed abundantly in the mammalian emotion circuit, and the opioid system modulates a variety of functions related to arousal and motivation. Yet, its specific contribution to different basic emotions has remained poorly understood. Here, we review how the endogenous opioid system and particularly the μ receptor contribute to emotional processing in humans. Activation of the endogenous opioid system is consistently associated with both pleasant and unpleasant emotions. In general, exogenous opioid agonists facilitate approach-oriented emotions (anger, pleasure) and inhibit avoidance-oriented emotions (fear, sadness). Opioids also modulate social bonding and affiliative behaviour, and prolonged opioid abuse may render both social bonding and emotion recognition circuits dysfunctional. However, there is no clear evidence that the opioid system is able to affect the emotions associated with surprise and disgust. Taken together, the opioid systems contribute to a wide array of positive and negative emotions through their general ability to modulate the approach versus avoidance motivation associated with specific emotions. Because of the protective effects of opioid system-mediated prosociality and positive mood, the opioid system may constitute an important factor contributing to psychological and psychosomatic resilience. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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21
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Saanijoki T, Nummenmaa L, Tuulari JJ, Tuominen L, Arponen E, Kalliokoski KK, Hirvonen J. Aerobic exercise modulates anticipatory reward processing via the μ-opioid receptor system. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3972-3983. [PMID: 29885086 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise modulates food reward and helps control body weight. The endogenous µ-opioid receptor (MOR) system is involved in rewarding aspects of both food and physical exercise, yet interaction between endogenous opioid release following exercise and anticipatory food reward remains unresolved. Here we tested whether exercise-induced opioid release correlates with increased anticipatory reward processing in humans. We scanned 24 healthy lean men after rest and after a 1 h session of aerobic exercise with positron emission tomography (PET) using MOR-selective radioligand [11 C]carfentanil. After both PET scans, the subjects underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment where they viewed pictures of palatable versus nonpalatable foods to trigger anticipatory food reward responses. Exercise-induced changes in MOR binding in key regions of reward circuit (amygdala, thalamus, ventral and dorsal striatum, and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices) were used to predict the changes in anticipatory reward responses in fMRI. Exercise-induced changes in MOR binding correlated negatively with the exercise-induced changes in neural anticipatory food reward responses in orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, insula, ventral striatum, amygdala, and thalamus: higher exercise-induced opioid release predicted higher brain responses to palatable versus nonpalatable foods. We conclude that MOR activation following exercise may contribute to the considerable interindividual variation in food craving and consumption after exercise, which might promote compensatory eating and compromise weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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22
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Nummenmaa L, Saanijoki T, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J, Tuulari JJ, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski K. μ-opioid receptor system mediates reward processing in humans. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 29662095 PMCID: PMC5902580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system regulates motivational and hedonic processing. We tested directly whether individual differences in MOR are associated with neural reward responses to food pictures in humans. We scanned 33 non-obese individuals with positron emission tomography (PET) using the MOR-specific radioligand [11C]carfentanil. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan, the subjects viewed pictures of appetizing versus bland foods to elicit reward responses. MOR availability was measured in key components of the reward and emotion circuits and used to predict BOLD-fMRI responses to foods. Viewing palatable versus bland foods activates regions involved in homeostatic and reward processing, such as amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. MOR availability in the reward and emotion circuit is negatively associated with the fMRI reward responses. Variation in MOR availability may explain why some people feel an urge to eat when encountering food cues, increasing risk for weight gain and obesity. μ-opioid signalling has a known role in the response to various rewarding stimuli, including pleasant foods. Here, Nummenmaa et al. show using PET and fMRI that individual differences in brain μ-opioid receptor density predict the strength of the neural response to highly palatable foods in humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tiina Saanijoki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J. Simultaneous PET-MRI Confirms That Cerebral Blood Flow Does Not Confound PET Neuroreceptor Activation Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:159-161. [PMID: 29303246 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and endogenous competition paradigms are widely used for studying neuroreceptor activation in humans in vivo. Changes in cerebral blood triggered by the experimentation, such as amphetamine administration, could influence both tracer delivery and washout, thus biasing the results. A recent study tested this assumption in baboons by measuring radiotracer binding with PET while measuring simultaneously cerebral blood flow with arterial spin labeled functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow was modulated by CO2 inhalation. Hypercapnia led to substantial alterations in blood flow with no detectable alteration in binding of the reversibly binding radiotracers [11C]raclopride and [18F]fallypride. These results rule out a serious confound for the endogenous competition paradigm, and demonstrate the importance of simultaneous PET and MRI measurements when studying brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Psychology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Radiology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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25
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Saanijoki T, Tuominen L, Tuulari JJ, Nummenmaa L, Arponen E, Kalliokoski K, Hirvonen J. Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:246-254. [PMID: 28722022 PMCID: PMC5729560 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central opioidergic mechanisms may modulate the positive effects of physical exercise such as mood elevation and stress reduction. How exercise intensity and concomitant effective changes affect central opioidergic responses is unknown. We studied the effects of acute physical exercise on the cerebral μ-opioid receptors (MOR) of 22 healthy recreationally active males using positron emission tomography (PET) and the MOR-selective radioligand [11C]carfentanil. MOR binding was measured in three conditions on separate days: after a 60-min aerobic moderate-intensity exercise session, after a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session, and after rest. Mood was measured repeatedly throughout the experiment. HIIT significantly decreased MOR binding selectively in the frontolimbic regions involved in pain, reward, and emotional processing (thalamus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex). Decreased binding correlated with increased negative emotionality. Moderate-intensity exercise did not change MOR binding, although increased euphoria correlated with decreased receptor binding. These observations, consistent with endogenous opioid release, highlight the role of the μ-opioid system in mediating affective responses to high-intensity training as opposed to recreational moderate physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Radiology and Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku FIN-20520, Finland, Tel: +358 50 585 8865, Fax: +358 2 313 7908, E-mail:
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26
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Tuominen L, Miettunen J, Cannon DM, Drevets WC, Frokjaer VG, Hirvonen J, Ichise M, Jensen PS, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Klaver JM, Knudsen GM, Takano A, Suhara T, Hietala J. Neuroticism Associates with Cerebral in Vivo Serotonin Transporter Binding Differently in Males and Females. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:963-970. [PMID: 29020405 PMCID: PMC5716061 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is a major risk factor for affective disorders. This personality trait has been hypothesized to associate with synaptic availability of the serotonin transporter, which critically controls serotonergic tone in the brain. However, earlier studies linking neuroticism and serotonin transporter have failed to produce converging findings. Because sex affects both the serotonergic system and the risk that neuroticism poses to the individual, sex may modify the association between neuroticism and serotonin transporter, but this question has not been investigated by previous studies. METHODS Here, we combined data from 4 different positron emission tomography imaging centers to address whether neuroticism is related to serotonin transporter binding in vivo. The data set included serotonin transporter binding potential values from the thalamus and striatum and personality scores from 91 healthy males and 56 healthy females. We specifically tested if the association between neuroticism and serotonin transporter is different in females and males. RESULTS We found that neuroticism and thalamic serotonin transporter binding potentials were associated in both males and females, but with opposite directionality. Higher neuroticism associated with higher serotonin transporter binding potential in males (standardized beta 0.292, P=.008), whereas in females, higher neuroticism associated with lower serotonin transporter binding potential (standardized beta -0.288, P=.014). CONCLUSIONS The finding is in agreement with recent studies showing that the serotonergic system is involved in affective disorders differently in males and females and suggests that contribution of thalamic serotonin transporter to the risk of affective disorders depends on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala),Correspondence: Lauri Tuominen, MD, PhD, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 ()
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jacqueline M Klaver
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
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Manninen S, Tuominen L, Dunbar RI, Karjalainen T, Hirvonen J, Arponen E, Hari R, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Social Laughter Triggers Endogenous Opioid Release in Humans. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6125-6131. [PMID: 28536272 PMCID: PMC6596504 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0688-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of human social networks significantly exceeds the network that can be maintained by social grooming or touching in other primates. It has been proposed that endogenous opioid release after social laughter would provide a neurochemical pathway supporting long-term relationships in humans (Dunbar, 2012), yet this hypothesis currently lacks direct neurophysiological support. We used PET and the μ-opioid-receptor (MOR)-specific ligand [11C]carfentanil to quantify laughter-induced endogenous opioid release in 12 healthy males. Before the social laughter scan, the subjects watched laughter-inducing comedy clips with their close friends for 30 min. Before the baseline scan, subjects spent 30 min alone in the testing room. Social laughter increased pleasurable sensations and triggered endogenous opioid release in thalamus, caudate nucleus, and anterior insula. In addition, baseline MOR availability in the cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices was associated with the rate of social laughter. In a behavioral control experiment, pain threshold-a proxy of endogenous opioidergic activation-was elevated significantly more in both male and female volunteers after watching laughter-inducing comedy versus non-laughter-inducing drama in groups. Modulation of the opioidergic activity by social laughter may be an important neurochemical pathway that supports the formation, reinforcement, and maintenance of human social bonds.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Social contacts are vital to humans. The size of human social networks significantly exceeds the network that can be maintained by social grooming in other primates. Here, we used PET to show that endogenous opioid release after social laughter may provide a neurochemical mechanism supporting long-term relationships in humans. Participants were scanned twice: after a 30 min social laughter session and after spending 30 min alone in the testing room (baseline). Endogenous opioid release was stronger after laughter versus the baseline scan. Opioid receptor density in the frontal cortex predicted social laughter rates. Modulation of the opioidergic activity by social laughter may be an important neurochemical mechanism reinforcing and maintaining social bonds between humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Robin I Dunbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland, and
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland,
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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28
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Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L, Dunbar R, Hirvonen J, Manninen S, Arponen E, Machin A, Hari R, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M. Social touch modulates endogenous μ-opioid system activity in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 138:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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29
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Karlsson HK, Tuulari JJ, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J, Honka H, Parkkola R, Helin S, Salminen P, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Weight loss after bariatric surgery normalizes brain opioid receptors in morbid obesity. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1057-62. [PMID: 26460230 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) studies suggest opioidergic system dysfunction in morbid obesity, while evidence for the role of the dopaminergic system is less consistent. Whether opioid dysfunction represents a state or trait in obesity remains unresolved, but could be assessed in obese subjects undergoing weight loss. Here we measured brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability in 16 morbidly obese women twice-before and 6 months after bariatric surgery-using PET with [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride. Data were compared with those from 14 lean control subjects. Receptor-binding potentials (BPND) were compared between the groups and between the pre- and postoperative scans among the obese subjects. Brain MOR availability was initially lower among obese subjects, but weight loss (mean=26.1 kg, s.d.=7.6 kg) reversed this and resulted in ~23% higher MOR availability in the postoperative versus preoperative scan. Changes were observed in areas implicated in reward processing, including ventral striatum, insula, amygdala and thalamus (P's<0.005). Weight loss did not influence D2R availability in any brain region. Taken together, the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of human obesity. Because bariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss recover downregulated MOR availability, lowered MOR availability is associated with an obese phenotype and may mediate excessive energy uptake. Our results highlight that understanding the opioidergic contribution to overeating is critical for developing new treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J J Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - H Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - R Parkkola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - S Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - P Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Karjalainen T, Tuominen L, Manninen S, Kalliokoski KK, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Behavioural activation system sensitivity is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1310-6. [PMID: 27053768 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement-sensitivity theory proposes that behavioural activation and inhibition systems (BAS and BIS, respectively) guide approach and avoidance behaviour in potentially rewarding and punishing situations. Their baseline activity presumably explains individual differences in behavioural dispositions when a person encounters signals of reward and harm. Yet, neurochemical bases of BAS and BIS have remained poorly understood. Here we used in vivo positron emission tomography with a µ-opioid receptor (MOR) specific ligand [(11)C]carfentanil to test whether individual differences in MOR availability would be associated with BAS or BIS. We scanned 49 healthy subjects and measured their BAS and BIS sensitivities using the BIS/BAS scales. BAS but not BIS sensitivity was positively associated with MOR availability in frontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, brainstem, cingulate cortex and insula. Strongest associations were observed for the BAS subscale 'Fun Seeking'. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid system underlies BAS, and that differences in MOR availability could explain inter-individual differences in reward seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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31
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Penttilä J, Hirvonen J, Tuominen L, Lumme V, Ilonen T, Någren K, Hietala J. Verbal memory and 5-HT1A receptors in healthy volunteers--A PET study with [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:570-7. [PMID: 26775837 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is a putative drug development target in disorders with cognitive and in particular memory deficits. However, previous human positron emission tomography (PET) studies on 5-HT1A receptor binding and memory functions have yielded discrepant results. We explored the association between verbal memory and 5-HT1A receptor binding in 24 healthy subjects (14 male, 10 female, aged 18-41 years). The cognitive tests included the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). 5-HT1A receptor binding was measured with PET and the radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635, which was quantified with the gold standard method based on kinetic modeling using arterial blood samples. We found that global 5-HT1A receptor binding was positively correlated with measures of verbal memory, such that subjects who had higher receptor binding tended to have better verbal memory than subjects who had lower receptor binding. Regional analyses suggested significant correlations in multiple neocortical brain regions and the raphe nuclei. We did not find significant correlations between 5-HT1A receptor binding and executive functions as measured with WCST. We conclude that neocortical as well as raphe 5-HT1A receptors are involved in verbal memory function in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Penttilä
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Lumme
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kjell Någren
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Salokangas RKR, Schultze-Lutter F, Patterson P, von Reventlow HG, Heinimaa M, From T, Luutonen S, Hankala J, Kotimäki M, Tuominen L. Psychometric properties of the Trauma and Distress Scale, TADS, in an adult community sample in Finland. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2016; 7:30062. [PMID: 27032511 PMCID: PMC4816812 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.30062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that a history of childhood abuse and neglect is not uncommon among individuals who experience mental disorder and that childhood trauma experiences are associated with adult psychopathology. Although several interview and self-report instruments for retrospective trauma assessment have been developed, many focus on sexual abuse (SexAb) rather than on multiple types of trauma or adversity. METHODS Within the European Prediction of Psychosis Study, the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) was developed as a new self-report assessment of multiple types of childhood trauma and distressing experiences. The TADS includes 43 items and, following previous measures including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, focuses on five core domains: emotional neglect (EmoNeg), emotional abuse (EmoAb), physical neglect (PhyNeg), physical abuse (PhyAb), and SexAb.This study explores the psychometric properties of the TADS (internal consistency and concurrent validity) in 692 participants drawn from the general population who completed a mailed questionnaire, including the TADS, a depression self-report and questions on help-seeking for mental health problems. Inter-method reliability was examined in a random sample of 100 responders who were reassessed in telephone interviews. RESULTS After minor revisions of PhyNeg and PhyAb, internal consistencies were good for TADS totals and the domain raw score sums. Intra-class coefficients for TADS total score and the five revised core domains were all good to excellent when compared to the interviewed TADS as a gold standard. In the concurrent validity analyses, the total TADS and its all core domains were significantly associated with depression and help-seeking for mental problems as proxy measures for traumatisation. In addition, robust cutoffs for the total TADS and its domains were calculated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the TADS as a valid, reliable, and clinically useful instrument for assessing retrospectively reported childhood traumatisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Patterson
- Youthspace - Birmingham & Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heinrich Graf von Reventlow
- Ev. Zentrum für Beratung und Therapie am Weißen Stein, Evangelischer Regionalverband Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Heinimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina From
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sinikka Luutonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Psychiatric Clinic, Turku University Central Hospital, Åbo, Finland
| | - Juha Hankala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kotimäki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hirvonen J, Tuominen L, Hietala J, Någren K. Author reply to: "Depressive symptomatology, serotonergic activity, and neuroticism: A methodological recommendation". Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:391. [PMID: 26603911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kjell Någren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Lähteenmäki M, Sormunen E, Koivisto M, Railo H, Tuominen L. TMS-Induced Seizure Following Focal Single-Pulse IPS Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:1238. [PMID: 26460198 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Lähteenmäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-0076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Mika Koivisto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henry Railo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Eriksson O, Mikkola K, Espes D, Tuominen L, Virtanen K, Forsbäck S, Haaparanta-Solin M, Hietala J, Solin O, Nuutila P. The Cannabinoid Receptor-1 Is an Imaging Biomarker of Brown Adipose Tissue. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1937-41. [PMID: 26359260 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.156422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, the existence of significant deposits of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human adults was confirmed. Its role in the human metabolism is unknown but could be substantial. Inhibition of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) by the antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) has been associated with activation of BAT thermogenesis and weight loss in mice and rats. The role of peripheral and central CB1 in the activation of BAT merits further investigation. Here we developed a technique for quantifying CB1 in BAT by PET. METHODS Sections of rat BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were stained for CB1 and uncoupling protein-1 by immunofluorescent staining. Binding of the radiolabeled CB1 antagonist (3R,5R)-5-(3-(18F-fluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one ((18)F-FMPEP-d2) to BAT in vivo and in vitro was assessed in rats by PET. RESULTS We found that CB1 was colocalized with uncoupling protein-1 in BAT, but neither protein was found in WAT. Binding of the radiotracer to BAT sections (but not WAT) in vitro was high and displaceable by pretreatment with rimonabant. Deposits of BAT in rats had significant binding of (18)F-FMPEP-d2 in vivo, indicating high CB1 density. WAT deposits were negative for (18)F-FMPEP-d2, consistent with the immunofluorescent staining and in vitro results. CONCLUSION (18)F-FMPEP-d2 PET can quantify CB1 density noninvasively in vivo in rats. CB1 is therefore a promising surrogate imaging biomarker for assessing the presence of BAT deposits as well as for elucidating the mechanism of CB1 antagonist-mediated weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Mikkola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Tuominen L, Tuulari J, Karlsson H, Hirvonen J, Helin S, Salminen P, Parkkola R, Hietala J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Aberrant mesolimbic dopamine-opiate interaction in obesity. Neuroimage 2015; 122:80-6. [PMID: 26260431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and opioid neurotransmitter systems share many functions such as regulation of reward and pleasure. μ-Opioid receptors (MOR) modulate the mesolimbic dopamine system in ventral tegmental area and striatum, key areas implicated in reward. We hypothesized that dopamine and opioid receptor availabilities correlate in vivo and that this correlation is altered in obesity, a disease with altered reward processing. Twenty lean females (mean BMI 22) and 25 non-binge eating morbidly obese females (mean BMI 41) underwent two positron emission tomography scans with [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride to measure the MOR and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability, respectively. In lean subjects, the MOR and DRD2 availabilities were positively associated in the ventral striatum (r=0.62, p=0.003) and dorsal caudate nucleus (r=0.62, p=0.004). Moreover, DRD2 availability in the ventral striatum was associated with MOR availability in other regions of the reward circuitry, particularly in the ventral tegmental area. In morbidly obese subjects, this receptor interaction was significantly weaker in ventral striatum but unaltered in the caudate nucleus. Finally, the association between DRD2 availability in the ventral striatum and MOR availability in the ventral tegmental area was abolished in the morbidly obese. The study demonstrates a link between DRD2 and MOR availabilities in living human brain. This interaction is selectively disrupted in mesolimbic dopamine system in morbid obesity. We propose that interaction between the dopamine and opioid systems is a prerequisite for normal reward processing and that disrupted cross-talk may underlie altered reward processing in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, 20700 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jetro Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Henry Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, 20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Mind Brain Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Brain Research Unit (BRU), Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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Nummenmaa L, Manninen S, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J, Kalliokoski KK, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Dunbar RIM, Sams M. Adult attachment style is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3621-8. [PMID: 26046928 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human attachment behavior mediates establishment and maintenance of social relationships. Adult attachment characteristically varies on anxiety and avoidance dimensions, reflecting the tendencies to worry about the partner breaking the social bond (anxiety) and feeling uncomfortable about depending on others (avoidance). In primates and other mammals, the endogenous μ-opioid system is linked to long-term social bonding, but evidence of its role in human adult attachment remains more limited. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to reveal how variability in μ-opioid receptor (MOR) availability is associated with adult attachment in humans. We scanned 49 healthy subjects using a MOR-specific ligand [(11) C]carfentanil and measured their attachment avoidance and anxiety with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale. The avoidance dimension of attachment correlated negatively with MOR availability in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the frontal cortex, amygdala, and insula. No associations were observed between MOR availability and the anxiety dimension of attachment. Our results suggest that the endogenous opioid system may underlie interindividual differences in avoidant attachment style in human adults, and that differences in MOR availability are associated with the individuals' social relationships and psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Manninen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Ox1 3UD, UK
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, AALTO, Espoo, Finland
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Tuominen L, Nummenmaa L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Hietala J. Mapping neurotransmitter networks with PET: an example on serotonin and opioid systems. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1875-84. [PMID: 23671038 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All functions of the human brain are consequences of altered activity of specific neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems. Although the knowledge of "system level" connectivity in the brain is increasing rapidly, we lack "molecular level" information on brain networks and connectivity patterns. We introduce novel voxel-based positron emission tomography (PET) methods for studying internal neurotransmitter network structure and intercorrelations of different neurotransmitter systems in the human brain. We chose serotonin transporter and μ-opioid receptor for this analysis because of their functional interaction at the cellular level and similar regional distribution in the brain. Twenty-one healthy subjects underwent two consecutive PET scans using [(11)C]MADAM, a serotonin transporter tracer, and [(11)C]carfentanil, a μ-opioid receptor tracer. First, voxel-by-voxel "intracorrelations" (hub and seed analyses) were used to study the internal structure of opioid and serotonin systems. Second, voxel-level opioid-serotonin intercorrelations (between neurotransmitters) were computed. Regional μ-opioid receptor binding potentials were uniformly correlated throughout the brain. However, our analyses revealed nonuniformity in the serotonin transporter intracorrelations and identified a highly connected local network (midbrain-striatum-thalamus-amygdala). Regionally specific intercorrelations between the opioid and serotonin tracers were found in anteromedial thalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left parietal cortex, i.e., in areas relevant for several neuropsychiatric disorders, especially affective disorders. This methodology enables in vivo mapping of connectivity patterns within and between neurotransmitter systems. Quantification of functional neurotransmitter balances may be a useful approach in etiological studies of neuropsychiatric disorders and also in drug development as a biomarker-based rationale for targeted modulation of neurotransmitter networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Tuominen L, Salo J, Hirvonen J, Någren K, Laine P, Melartin T, Isometsä E, Viikari J, Cloninger CR, Raitakari O, Hietala J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort. Psychol Med 2013; 43:881-894. [PMID: 22850434 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200164x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychobiological model of personality by Cloninger and colleagues originally hypothesized that interindividual variability in the temperament dimension 'harm avoidance' (HA) is explained by differences in the activity of the brain serotonin system. We assessed brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy individuals with high or low HA scores using an 'oversampling' study design. Method Subjects consistently in either upper or lower quartiles for the HA trait were selected from a population-based cohort in Finland (n = 2075) with pre-existing Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores. A total of 22 subjects free of psychiatric and somatic disorders were included in the matched high- and low-HA groups. The main outcome measure was regional 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) in high- and low-HA groups estimated with PET and [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]MADAM). In secondary analyses, 5-HTT BPND was correlated with other TCI dimensions. RESULTS 5-HTT BPND did not differ between high- and low-HA groups in the midbrain or any other brain region. This result remained the same even after adjusting for other relevant TCI dimensions. Higher 5-HTT BPND in the raphe nucleus predicted higher scores in 'self-directedness'. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support an association between the temperament dimension HA and serotonin transporter density in healthy subjects. However, we found a link between high serotonin transporter density and high 'self-directedness' (ability to adapt and control one's behaviour to fit situations in accord with chosen goals and values). We suggest that biological factors are more important in explaining variability in character than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Tikka M, Luutonen S, Ilonen T, Tuominen L, Kotimäki M, Hankala J, Salokangas RKR. Childhood trauma and premorbid adjustment among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and normal control subjects. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013; 7:51-7. [PMID: 22925391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with psychotic illness and are frequently reported in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Moreover, deteriorating premorbid functioning from childhood, and through adolescence, is related to greater severity of overall symptomatology and poorer outcomes in patients with psychosis. We studied the prevalence of traumatic childhood experiences and premorbid adjustment and their association with each other in patients at CHR for psychosis and normal control subjects (NCSs). METHODS A total of 20 CHR patients for psychosis and 30 NCSs aged 14 to 35 participated in the present study. The CHR patients were identified as prodromal to psychosis using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes/Scale of Prodromal Symptoms. Premorbid adjustment was assessed by using the premorbid adjustment scale (PAS), and self-reported childhood trauma was assessed with the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS). RESULTS In CHR patients, TADS and PAS scores were higher than in NCSs. In CHR patients, TADS correlated significantly with the PAS general section and observably, but not significantly, with adolescence and adulthood sections. CONCLUSION CHR patients reported more childhood trauma experiences and poorer premorbid adjustment than NCSs. In CHR patients, traumatic childhood experiences are associated with poor general premorbid adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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41
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Salokangas RKR, Tuominen L, Koponen H, Laukkala T, Oksanen J, Pirkola S, Saxen U. [Update on current care guidelines: schizophrenia]. Duodecim 2013; 129:846-847. [PMID: 23720952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Early recognition and treatment of persons at risk of psychosis is emphasized in the updated Current Care Schizophrenia guideline. Antipsychotic medication is effective in the treatment. To avoid side-effects, the lowest possible effective dosage is recommended. Psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation and social skills training, as well as cognitive rehabilitation should be integrated with other treatments according to patient's individual needs. Supported employment is a feasible option to some patients. Care of people with schizophrenia is primarily offered in an outpatient setting.
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Hagelberg N, Aalto S, Tuominen L, Pesonen U, Någren K, Hietala J, Scheinin H, Pertovaara A, Martikainen IK. Striatal μ-opioid receptor availability predicts cold pressor pain threshold in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Lett 2012; 521:11-4. [PMID: 22622175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous PET studies in healthy humans have shown that brain μ-opioid receptor activation during experimental pain is associated with reductions in the sensory and affective ratings of the individual pain experience. The aim of this study was to find out whether brain μ-opioid receptor binding at the resting state, in absence of painful stimulation, can be a long-term predictor of experimental pain sensitivity. We measured μ-opioid receptor binding potential (BP(ND)) with μ-opioid receptor selective radiotracer [(11)C]carfentanil and positron emission tomography (PET) in 12 healthy male subjects. Later, we recruited these subjects to participate in a separate psychophysical testing session to measure cold pressor pain threshold, cold pressor pain tolerance and tactile sensitivity with von Frey monofilaments. We used both voxel-by-voxel and region-of-interest image analyses to examine the potential associations between μ-opioid receptor BP(ND) and psychophysical measures. The results show that striatal μ-opioid receptor BP(ND) predicts cold pressor pain threshold, but not cold pressor pain tolerance or tactile sensitivity. This finding suggests that striatal μ-opioid receptor density is involved in setting individual pain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hagelberg
- Pain Clinic and Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Tuominen L, Salo J, Hirvonen J, Någren K, Laine P, Melartin T, Isometsä E, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hietala J. Temperament trait Harm Avoidance associates with μ-opioid receptor availability in frontal cortex: a PET study using [(11)C]carfentanil. Neuroimage 2012; 61:670-6. [PMID: 22484309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Harm Avoidance is a temperament trait that associates with sensitivity to aversive and non-rewarding stimuli, higher anticipated threat and negative emotions during stress as well as a higher risk for affective disorders. The neurobiological correlates of interindividual differences in Harm Avoidance are largely unknown. We hypothesized that variability in Harm Avoidance trait would be explained by differences in the activity of μ-opioid system as the opioid system is known to regulate affective states and stress sensitivity. Brain μ-opioid receptor availability was measured in 22 healthy subjects using positron emission tomography and [(11)C]carfentanil, a selective μ-opioid receptor agonist. The subjects were selected from a large Finish population-based cohort (N=2075) on the basis of their pre-existing Temperament and Character Scores. Subjects scoring consistently in the upper (10) and lower (12) quartiles for the Harm Avoidance trait were studied. High Harm Avoidance score associated with high μ-opioid receptor availability (i.e. lower endogenous μ-opioid drive) in anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and anterior insular cortex. These associations were driven by two subscales of Harm Avoidance; Shyness with Strangers and Fatigability and Asthenia. In conclusion, higher Harm Avoidance score in healthy subjects is associated with higher μ-opioid availability in regions involved in the regulation of anxiety as well as in the control of emotions, affective component of pain and interoceptive awareness. The results have relevance in the research of vulnerability factors for affective disorders.
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Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Kännälä S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, Johansson J, Teräs M, Joutsa J, Tuominen L, Lindholm H, Alanko T, Hämäläinen H. No effects of short-term GSM mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow measured using positron emission tomography. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 33:247-56. [PMID: 21932437 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of 902.4 MHz global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) with the (15) O-water tracer. Fifteen young, healthy, right-handed male subjects were exposed to phone radiation from three different locations (left ear, right ear, forehead) and to sham exposure to test for possible exposure effects on brain regions close to the exposure source. Whole-brain [¹⁵O]H₂O-PET images were acquired 12 times, 3 for each condition, in a counterbalanced order. Subjects were exposed for 5 min in each scan while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. The exposure induced a slight temperature rise in the ear canals but did not affect brain hemodynamics and task performance. The results provided no evidence for acute effects of short-term mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Finland.
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Maron E, Tõru I, Hirvonen J, Tuominen L, Lumme V, Vasar V, Shlik J, Nutt DJ, Helin S, Någren K, Tiihonen J, Hietala J. Gender differences in brain serotonin transporter availability in panic disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:952-9. [PMID: 21148024 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110389207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the serotonin (5-HT) system in the neurobiology and treatment of panic disorder (PD) remains unproven. Previously we detected lower brain 5-HT transporter (SERT) availability in PD, but the findings were preliminary and mainly limited to female patients. The aim of this study was to assess non-displaceable brain SERT binding potential (BP (ND)) in male and female patients with PD. The SERT BP (ND) was measured in groups of patients with PD (five males and six females) and matched healthy control subjects (12 males and 12 females) using positron emission tomography (PET) and [¹¹C]MADAM tracer. SERT BP (ND) were significantly higher in 13 of 20 studied brain regions, including several cortical and raphe areas, but lower in the hippocampus in males with PD as compared with healthy males. No significant differences in SERT BP (ND) were observed between female patients and controls. The results suggest gender-dependent regional differences in brain SERT availability and converge with previous PET findings of reduced 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in similar brain areas in PD. Distinctive functioning of the 5-HT system in males and females may underlie certain gender-dependent differences in expressions of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Maron
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Molecular Imaging, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Tuominen L, Salo J, Hirvonen J, Någren K, Laine P, Melartin T, Isometsä E, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-järvinen L, Hietala J. Serotonin and harm avoidance revisited. Neuroimage 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kuparinen J, Tuominen L. Eutrophication and self-purification: counteractions forced by large-scale cycles and hydrodynamic processes. Ambio 2001; 30:190-194. [PMID: 11697249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the 1990s nitrogen reserves have shown rising trends in the northern Baltic Sea. Changes in denitrification explain some of the fluctuations observed in nitrogen reserves. Although denitrification is an anaerobic process, the most efficient removal of nitrogen by denitrification occurs where the sediment is moderately well oxidized. A dramatic decrease in the ratio of SiO4 to DIN (DIN = NO3 + NH4) in the northern Baltic proper during the period 1973-1999 was recorded. If dissolved silica limits phytoplankton spring bloom, diatom blooms fade and become replaced by flagellates leading to changes in summer phosphate reserves and sedimentation. Seven years have elapsed from the previous strong saltwater inflow and anoxia has spread over large areas. Deep bottom phosphorus levels have started to increase and denitrification capacity is weakening. Thus, all efforts to minimize N- and P-loading will, in the long run, help the Baltic Sea to recover from the unacceptable status of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuparinen
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 33, FIN-00931 Helsinki, Finland.
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Tuominen L, Rautio M. [Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin]. Duodecim 2001; 112:1437-41. [PMID: 10596129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Tuominen
- Department of Surgery, Tampere Cenytral University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Kairesalo T, Tuominen L, Hartikainen H, Rankinen K. The role of bacteria in the nutrient exchange between sediment and water in a flow-through system. Microb Ecol 1995; 29:129-144. [PMID: 24186719 DOI: 10.1007/bf00167160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/1994] [Revised: 07/09/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of bacteria to phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N ) release from, or retention in, sediment was studied in a flow-through system. "Live" and formaldehyde-"killed" sediment communities were incubated in 25-liter bottles with a continuous flow of P- or P + N-enriched water. Sediment bacteria in the killed communities were inhibited by adding formaldehyde (final concentration 0.04% v/v) to the sediment before the start of the experiment. Bacterial activity in the live sediments measured with [(3)H]thymidine and [(14)C]leucine incorporation techniques did not change essentially during the experiment period (7-8 days). Chemical mechanisms were found to be of principal importance in PO4-P retention in the sediment. In the live samples, the net retention of PO4-P was lower than in the killed samples, which was likely due to the reduced O2 conditions in the sediment as a consequence of bacterial mineralization. In total P exchange, however, bacteria increased the retention rate by recycling dissolved organic P in the sediment. In the live communities the retention of N was very efficient, and all the introduced NH4 -N and NO3-N was immobilized by sediment bacteria. Nitrogen enrichment, however, did not alter the P exchange rates. The gradual emergence of bacterial activity (and grazing) in the killed communities, subsequent to the dilution of formaldehyde concentration, enhanced the release of PO4-P and NH4-N from sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kairesalo
- The Environmental Unit, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15210, Lahti, Finland
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Abstract
Dilute formaldehyde was the most suitable treatment to inhibit sediment bacteria, since bacterial activity remained low during long-term incubations and the chemical changes in the sediment were minimal. The inhibiting effects of HgCl
2
, autoclaving, and gamma radiation were diminished during longer incubations; these treatments also caused increases in dissolved nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tuominen
- Department of Limnology and Environmental Protection, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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