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Zhang Z, Cho J, Wang L, Liao C, Shin HG, Cao X, Lee J, Xu J, Zhang T, Ye H, Setsompop K, Liu H, Bilgic B. Blip up-down acquisition for spin- and gradient-echo imaging (BUDA-SAGE) with self-supervised denoising enables efficient T 2 , T 2 *, para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility mapping. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:633-650. [PMID: 35436357 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To rapidly obtain high resolution T2 , T2 *, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) source separation maps with whole-brain coverage and high geometric fidelity. METHODS We propose Blip Up-Down Acquisition for Spin And Gradient Echo imaging (BUDA-SAGE), an efficient EPI sequence for quantitative mapping. The acquisition includes multiple T2 *-, T2 '-, and T2 -weighted contrasts. We alternate the phase-encoding polarities across the interleaved shots in this multi-shot navigator-free acquisition. A field map estimated from interim reconstructions was incorporated into the joint multi-shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to eliminate distortion. A self-supervised neural network (NN), MR-Self2Self (MR-S2S), was used to perform denoising to boost SNR. Using Slider encoding allowed us to reach 1 mm isotropic resolution by performing super-resolution reconstruction on volumes acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Quantitative T2 (=1/R2 ) and T2 * (=1/R2 *) maps were obtained using Bloch dictionary matching on the reconstructed echoes. QSM was estimated using nonlinear dipole inversion on the gradient echoes. Starting from the estimated R2 /R2 * maps, R2 ' information was derived and used in source separation QSM reconstruction, which provided additional para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps. RESULTS In vivo results demonstrate the ability of BUDA-SAGE to provide whole-brain, distortion-free, high-resolution, multi-contrast images and quantitative T2 /T2 * maps, as well as yielding para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps. Estimated quantitative maps showed comparable values to conventional mapping methods in phantom and in vivo measurements. CONCLUSION BUDA-SAGE acquisition with self-supervised denoising and Slider encoding enables rapid, distortion-free, whole-brain T2 /T2 * mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution under 90 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Subtle Medical Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Congyu Liao
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyeong-Geol Shin
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaozhi Cao
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Subtle Medical Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Elam JS, Glasser MF, Harms MP, Sotiropoulos SN, Andersson JLR, Burgess GC, Curtiss SW, Oostenveld R, Larson-Prior LJ, Schoffelen JM, Hodge MR, Cler EA, Marcus DM, Barch DM, Yacoub E, Smith SM, Ugurbil K, Van Essen DC. The Human Connectome Project: A retrospective. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118543. [PMID: 34508893 PMCID: PMC9387634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Connectome Project (HCP) was launched in 2010 as an ambitious effort to accelerate advances in human neuroimaging, particularly for measures of brain connectivity; apply these advances to study a large number of healthy young adults; and freely share the data and tools with the scientific community. NIH awarded grants to two consortia; this retrospective focuses on the "WU-Minn-Ox" HCP consortium centered at Washington University, the University of Minnesota, and University of Oxford. In just over 6 years, the WU-Minn-Ox consortium succeeded in its core objectives by: 1) improving MR scanner hardware, pulse sequence design, and image reconstruction methods, 2) acquiring and analyzing multimodal MRI and MEG data of unprecedented quality together with behavioral measures from more than 1100 HCP participants, and 3) freely sharing the data (via the ConnectomeDB database) and associated analysis and visualization tools. To date, more than 27 Petabytes of data have been shared, and 1538 papers acknowledging HCP data use have been published. The "HCP-style" neuroimaging paradigm has emerged as a set of best-practice strategies for optimizing data acquisition and analysis. This article reviews the history of the HCP, including comments on key events and decisions associated with major project components. We discuss several scientific advances using HCP data, including improved cortical parcellations, analyses of connectivity based on functional and diffusion MRI, and analyses of brain-behavior relationships. We also touch upon our efforts to develop and share a variety of associated data processing and analysis tools along with detailed documentation, tutorials, and an educational course to train the next generation of neuroimagers. We conclude with a look forward at opportunities and challenges facing the human neuroimaging field from the perspective of the HCP consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael P Harms
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Hodge
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eileen A Cler
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Marcus
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Shou Q, Shao X, Wang DJJ. Super-Resolution Arterial Spin Labeling Using Slice-Dithered Enhanced Resolution and Simultaneous Multi-Slice Acquisition. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:737525. [PMID: 34776846 PMCID: PMC8585855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.737525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To achieve high spatial resolution (isotropic-2 mm) perfusion imaging using 2D simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and slice dithered enhanced resolution (SLIDER) technique for super-resolution reconstruction. Methods: The SLIDER-SMS pCASL with a multiband factor of 4 was implemented at 3T with three numbers of slice shift (2/3/4) for the slice thickness of 4/6/8 mm, respectively. Super-resolution reconstruction was performed with singular value decomposition and different levels of Tikhonov regularizations. Temporal and spatial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as spatial blurring effects of super-resolution ASL images were measured in five healthy subjects and compared with those of reference high-resolution ASL images. Results: Compared to conventional 2D SMS ASL, super-resolution ASL images with isotropic-2-mm resolution yielded 42, 61, and 88% higher spatial SNR, and 18, 55, and 105% higher temporal SNR with slice shift number of 2/3/4, respectively. Spatial blurring effect increased for SLIDER reconstruction from two to four slice shifts. Conclusion: The proposed SLIDER-SMS pCASL technique can achieve whole-brain high-resolution perfusion images with ∼15-min scan time and improved SNR compared to standard 2D SMS pCASL. Caution needs to be exercised on quantifying and controlling blurring effects of SLIDER reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Shou
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Dowdle LT, Ghose G, Chen CCC, Ugurbil K, Yacoub E, Vizioli L. Statistical power or more precise insights into neuro-temporal dynamics? Assessing the benefits of rapid temporal sampling in fMRI. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 207:102171. [PMID: 34492308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a non-invasive and widely used human neuroimaging method, is most known for its spatial precision. However, there is a growing interest in its temporal sensitivity. This is despite the temporal blurring of neuronal events by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, the peak of which lags neuronal firing by 4-6 seconds. Given this, the goal of this review is to answer a seemingly simple question - "What are the benefits of increased temporal sampling for fMRI?". To answer this, we have combined fMRI data collected at multiple temporal scales, from 323 to 1000 milliseconds, with a review of both historical and contemporary temporal literature. After a brief discussion of technological developments that have rekindled interest in temporal research, we next consider the potential statistical and methodological benefits. Most importantly, we explore how fast fMRI can uncover previously unobserved neuro-temporal dynamics - effects that are entirely missed when sampling at conventional 1 to 2 second rates. With the intrinsic link between space and time in fMRI, this temporal renaissance also delivers improvements in spatial precision. Far from producing only statistical gains, the array of benefits suggest that the continued temporal work is worth the effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan T Dowdle
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 500 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
| | - Geoffrey Ghose
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Clark C C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 500 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 500 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
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Yang J, Huber L, Yu Y, Bandettini PA. Linking cortical circuit models to human cognition with laminar fMRI. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:467-478. [PMID: 34245758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory animal research has provided significant knowledge into the function of cortical circuits at the laminar level, which has yet to be fully leveraged towards insights about human brain function on a similar spatiotemporal scale. The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with neural models provides new opportunities to gain important insights from current knowledge. During the last five years, human studies have demonstrated the value of high-resolution fMRI to study laminar-specific activity in the human brain. This is mostly performed at ultra-high-field strengths (≥ 7 T) and is known as laminar fMRI. Advancements in laminar fMRI are beginning to open new possibilities for studying questions in basic cognitive neuroscience. In this paper, we first review recent methodological advances in laminar fMRI and describe recent human laminar fMRI studies. Then, we discuss how the use of laminar fMRI can help bridge the gap between cortical circuit models and human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laurentius Huber
- MR-Methods Group, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ramos-Llordén G, Ning L, Liao C, Mukhometzianov R, Michailovich O, Setsompop K, Rathi Y. High-fidelity, accelerated whole-brain submillimeter in vivo diffusion MRI using gSlider-spherical ridgelets (gSlider-SR). Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1781-1795. [PMID: 32125020 PMCID: PMC9149785 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an accelerated, robust, and accurate diffusion MRI acquisition and reconstruction technique for submillimeter whole human brain in vivo scan on a clinical scanner. METHODS We extend the ultra-high resolution diffusion MRI acquisition technique, gSlider, by allowing undersampling in q-space and radiofrequency (RF)-encoding space, thereby dramatically reducing the total acquisition time of conventional gSlider. The novel method, termed gSlider-SR, compensates for the lack of acquired information by exploiting redundancy in the dMRI data using a basis of spherical ridgelets (SR), while simultaneously enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. Using Monte Carlo simulation with realistic noise levels and several acquisitions of in vivo human brain dMRI data (acquired on a Siemens Prisma 3T scanner), we demonstrate the efficacy of our method using several quantitative metrics. RESULTS For high-resolution dMRI data with realistic noise levels (synthetically added), we show that gSlider-SR can reconstruct high-quality dMRI data at different acceleration factors preserving both signal and angular information. With in vivo data, we demonstrate that gSlider-SR can accurately reconstruct 860 μm diffusion MRI data (64 diffusion directions at b = 2000 s / mm 2 ), at comparable quality as that obtained with conventional gSlider with four averages, thereby providing an eight-fold reduction in scan time (from 1 hour 20 to 10 minutes). CONCLUSIONS gSlider-SR enables whole-brain high angular resolution dMRI at a submillimeter spatial resolution with a dramatically reduced acquisition time, making it feasible to use the proposed scheme on existing clinical scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ramos-Llordén
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lipeng Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Congyu Liao
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rinat Mukhometzianov
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oleg Michailovich
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Vizioli L, De Martino F, Petro LS, Kersten D, Ugurbil K, Yacoub E, Muckli L. Multivoxel Pattern of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Activity can be sensitive to stimulus specific fine scale responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7565. [PMID: 32371891 PMCID: PMC7200825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At ultra-high field, fMRI voxels can span the sub-millimeter range, allowing the recording of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses at the level of fundamental units of neural computation, such as cortical columns and layers. This sub-millimeter resolution, however, is only nominal in nature as a number of factors limit the spatial acuity of functional voxels. Multivoxel Pattern Analysis (MVPA) may provide a means to detect information at finer spatial scales that may otherwise not be visible at the single voxel level due to limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Here, we evaluate the spatial scale of stimuli specific BOLD responses in multivoxel patterns exploited by linear Support Vector Machine, Linear Discriminant Analysis and Naïve Bayesian classifiers across cortical depths in V1. To this end, we artificially misaligned the testing relative to the training portion of the data in increasing spatial steps, then investigated the breakdown of the classifiers’ performances. A one voxel shift led to a significant decrease in decoding accuracy (p < 0.05) across all cortical depths, indicating that stimulus specific responses in a multivoxel pattern of BOLD activity exploited by multivariate decoders can be as precise as the nominal resolution of single voxels (here 0.8 mm isotropic). Our results further indicate that large draining vessels, prominently residing in proximity of the pial surface, do not, in this case, hinder the ability of MVPA to exploit fine scale patterns of BOLD signals. We argue that tailored analytical approaches can help overcoming limitations in high-resolution fMRI and permit studying the mesoscale organization of the human brain with higher sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vizioli
- CMRR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Federico De Martino
- CMRR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Kersten
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- CMRR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Essa Yacoub
- CMRR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lars Muckli
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Dai E, Wu Y, Wu W, Guo R, Liu S, Miller KL, Zhang Z, Guo H. A 3D k-space Fourier encoding and reconstruction framework for simultaneous multi-slab acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1012-1024. [PMID: 31045283 PMCID: PMC6831486 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a novel 3D k-space Fourier encoding and reconstruction framework for simultaneous multi-slab (SMSlab) acquisition and demonstrate its efficacy in high-resolution imaging. METHODS First, it is illustrated in theory how the inter-slab gap interferes with the formation of the SMSlab 3D k-space. Then, joint RF and gradient encoding are applied to remove the inter-slab gap interference and form a SMSlab 3D k-space. In vivo experiments are performed to validate the proposed theory. Acceleration in the proposed SMSlab 3D k-space is also evaluated. RESULTS High-resolution (1.0 mm isotropic) images can be reconstructed using the proposed SMSlab 3D framework. Controlled aliasing in parallel imaging sampling and 2D GRAPPA reconstruction can also be applied in the SMSlab 3D k-space. Compared with conventional multi-slab acquisition, SMSlab exhibits better SNR maintainability (such as lower g-factors), especially at high acceleration factors. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that the joint application of RF and gradient encoding enables SMSlab within a 3D Fourier encoding framework. Images with high isotropic resolution can be reconstructed, and further acceleration is also applicable. The proposed SMSlab 3D k-space can be valuable for both high-resolution and high-efficiency diffusion and functional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Dai
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
| | - Yuhsuan Wu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
| | - Karla L. Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zhe Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
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The State of the NIH BRAIN Initiative. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6427-6438. [PMID: 29921715 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3174-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRAIN Initiative arose from a grand challenge to "accelerate the development and application of new technologies that will enable researchers to produce dynamic pictures of the brain that show how individual brain cells and complex neural circuits interact at the speed of thought." The BRAIN Initiative is a public-private effort focused on the development and use of powerful tools for acquiring fundamental insights about how information processing occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). As the Initiative enters its fifth year, NIH has supported >500 principal investigators, who have answered the Initiative's challenge via hundreds of publications describing novel tools, methods, and discoveries that address the Initiative's seven scientific priorities. We describe scientific advances produced by individual laboratories, multi-investigator teams, and entire consortia that, over the coming decades, will produce more comprehensive and dynamic maps of the brain, deepen our understanding of how circuit activity can produce a rich tapestry of behaviors, and lay the foundation for understanding how its circuitry is disrupted in brain disorders. Much more work remains to bring this vision to fruition, and the National Institutes of Health continues to look to the diverse scientific community, from mathematics, to physics, chemistry, engineering, neuroethics, and neuroscience, to ensure that the greatest scientific benefit arises from this unique research Initiative.
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Feinberg DA, Vu AT, Beckett A. Pushing the limits of ultra-high resolution human brain imaging with SMS-EPI demonstrated for columnar level fMRI. Neuroimage 2018; 164:155-163. [PMID: 28213116 PMCID: PMC5961953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Encoding higher spatial resolution in simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) EPI is highly dependent on gradient performance, high density receiver coil arrays and pulse sequence optimization. We simulate gradient amplitude and slew rate determination of EPI imaging performance in terms of minimum TE, echo spacing (ES) and spatial resolution. We discuss the effects of image zooming in pulse sequences that have been used for sub-millimeter resolutions and the trade-offs in using partial Fourier and parallel imaging to reduce TE, PSF and ES. Using optimizations for SMS EPI pulse sequences with available gradient and receiver hardware, experimental results in ultra-high resolution (UHR) (0.45-0.5mm isotropic) SMS-EPI fMRI and mapping ocular dominance columns (ODC) in human brain at 0.5 mm isotropic resolution are demonstrated. We discuss promising future directions of UHR fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Feinberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, United States.
| | - An T Vu
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Beckett
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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