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Ray NR, Kunkle BW, Hamilton-Nelson K, Kurup JT, Rajabli F, Qiao M, Vardarajan BN, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Jean-Francois M, Cuccaro M, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Cantwell L, Kuzma A, Vance JM, Gao S, Hendrie HC, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Akinyemi RO, Lee WP, Martin ER, Wang LS, Beecham GW, Bush WS, Xu W, Jin F, Wang L, Farrer LA, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Reitz C. Extended genome-wide association study employing the African genome resources panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease in individuals of African ancestry. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38958117 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a two-fold risk, individuals of African ancestry have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 controls of African ancestry. Within-dataset results were meta-analyzed, followed by functional genomics analyses. RESULTS A novel AD-risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome (chr) 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF = 0.002, P = 3.68×10-9). Two additional novel common and nine rare loci were identified with suggestive associations (P < 9×10-7). Comparison of association and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 (ASCL1), suggesting that this association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION These analyses identified novel AD-associated loci in individuals of African ancestry and suggest that degree of African ancestry modulates some associations. Increased sample sets covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional loci and deconvolute local genetic ancestry effects. HIGHLIGHTS Genetic ancestry significantly impacts risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although individuals of African ancestry are twice as likely to develop AD, they are vastly underrepresented in AD genomics studies. The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium has previously identified 16 common and rare genetic loci associated with AD in African American individuals. The current analyses significantly expand this effort by increasing the sample size and extending ancestral diversity by including populations from continental Africa. Single variant meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide significant AD-risk locus in individuals of African ancestry at the MPDZ gene, and 11 additional novel loci with suggestive genome-wide significance at P < 9×10-7. Comparison of African American datasets with samples of higher degree of African ancestry demonstrated differing patterns of association and linkage disequilibrium at one of these loci, suggesting that degree and/or geographic origin of African ancestry modulates the effect at this locus. These findings illustrate the importance of increasing number and ancestral diversity of African ancestry samples in AD genomics studies to fully disentangle the genetic architecture underlying AD, and yield more effective ancestry-informed genetic screening tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Ray
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kara Hamilton-Nelson
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jiji T Kurup
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farid Rajabli
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Min Qiao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Caghan Kizil
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Jean-Francois
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hugh C Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wanying Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fulai Jin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Liyong Wang
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Rad A, Bartsch O, Bakhtiari S, Zhu C, Xu Y, Monteiro FP, Kok F, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Kruer MC, Bowl MR, Vona B. Expanding the spectrum of phenotypes for MPDZ: Report of four unrelated families and review of the literature. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38857973 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
MPDZ, a gene with diverse functions mediating cell-cell junction interactions, receptor signaling, and binding multivalent scaffold proteins, is associated with a spectrum of clinically heterogeneous phenotypes with biallelic perturbation. Despite its clinical relevance, the mechanistic underpinnings of these variants remain elusive, underscoring the need for extensive case series and functional investigations. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of cases in the literature through two electronic databases following the PRISMA guidelines. We selected nine studies, including 18 patients, with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in MPDZ and added five patients from four unrelated families with novel MPDZ variants. To evaluate the role of Mpdz on hearing, we analyzed available auditory electrophysiology data from a knockout murine model (Mpdzem1(IMPC)J/em1(IMPC)J) generated by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. Using exome and genome sequencing, we identified three families with compound heterozygous variants, and one family with a homozygous frameshift variant. MPDZ-related disease is clinically heterogenous with hydrocephaly, vision impairment, hearing impairment and cardiovascular disease occurring most frequently. Additionally, we describe two unrelated patients with spasticity, expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Our murine analysis of the Mpdzem1(IMPC)J/em1(IMPC)J allele showed severe hearing impairment. Overall, we expand understanding of MPDZ-related phenotypes and highlight hearing impairment and spasticity among the heterogeneous phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Medical Care Centre Section Human Genetics and Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Fernando Kok
- Medical Department, Mendelics Genomic Analysis, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Neurogenetics, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anneke T Vulto-van Silfhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael R Bowl
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Luo J, Li Y, Lv Y, Li X, Qin B, Cheng C, Liu X, Liao W, Wang J, Gao Z. MPDZ variants associated with epilepsies and/or febrile seizures and the individualized genotype-phenotype correlation. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101032. [PMID: 38292201 PMCID: PMC10825275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Luo
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Brain Function and Neuroelectrophysiology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yong Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Weiping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Zaifen Gao
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
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Ito Y, Nagamoto S, Takano T. Synaptic proteomics decode novel molecular landscape in the brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1361956. [PMID: 38726307 PMCID: PMC11079194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1361956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses play a pivotal role in forming neural circuits, with critical implications for brain functions such as learning, memory, and emotions. Several advances in synaptic research have demonstrated the diversity of synaptic structure and function, which can form thousands of connections depending on the neuronal cell types. Moreover, synapses not only interconnect neurons but also establish connections with glial cells such as astrocytes, which play a key role in the architecture and function of neuronal circuits in the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of synaptic proteins contributes to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the molecular networks within synapses in various neuronal cell types to gain a deeper understanding of how the nervous system regulates brain function. Recent advances in synaptic proteome approaches, such as fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting (FASS) and proximity labeling, have allowed for a detailed and spatial analysis of many cell-type-specific synaptic molecules in vivo. In this brief review, we highlight these novel spatial proteomic approaches and discuss the regulation of synaptic formation and function in the brain. This knowledge of molecular networks provides new insight into the understanding of many neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Division of Molecular Systems for Brain Function, Institute for Advanced Study, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Integrated Omics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagamoto
- Division of Molecular Systems for Brain Function, Institute for Advanced Study, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takano
- Division of Molecular Systems for Brain Function, Institute for Advanced Study, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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5
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Bellanda M, Damulewicz M, Zambelli B, Costanzi E, Gregoris F, Mammi S, Tosatto SCE, Costa R, Minervini G, Mazzotta GM. A PDZ scaffolding/CaM-mediated pathway in Cryptochrome signaling. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4914. [PMID: 38358255 PMCID: PMC10868427 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are cardinal constituents of the circadian clock, which orchestrates daily physiological rhythms in living organisms. A growing body of evidence points to their participation in pathways that have not traditionally been associated with circadian clock regulation, implying that cryptochromes may be subject to modulation by multiple signaling mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that human CRY2 (hCRY2) forms a complex with the large, modular scaffolding protein known as Multi-PDZ Domain Protein 1 (MUPP1). This interaction is facilitated by the calcium-binding protein Calmodulin (CaM) in a calcium-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a novel cooperative mechanism for the regulation of mammalian cryptochromes, mediated by calcium ions (Ca2+ ) and CaM. We propose that this Ca2+ /CaM-mediated signaling pathway may be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that has been maintained from Drosophila to mammals, most likely in relation to its potential role in the broader context of cryptochrome function and regulation. Further, the understanding of cryptochrome interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways could lead to a better definition of its role within the intricate network of molecular interactions that govern circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and ImagingJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Elisa Costanzi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR)PadovaItaly
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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6
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Cherra SJ, Lamb R. Interactions between Ras and Rap signaling pathways during neurodevelopment in health and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1352731. [PMID: 38463630 PMCID: PMC10920261 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1352731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ras family of small GTPases coordinates tissue development by modulating cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and cellular morphology. Perturbations of any of these key steps alter nervous system development and are associated with neurological disorders. While the underlying causes are not known, genetic mutations in Ras and Rap GTPase signaling pathways have been identified in numerous neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum, neurofibromatosis, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Despite diverse clinical presentations, intersections between these two signaling pathways may provide a better understanding of how deviations in neurodevelopment give rise to neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on presynaptic and postsynaptic functions of Ras and Rap GTPases. We highlight various roles of these small GTPases during synapse formation and plasticity. Based on genomic analyses, we discuss how disease-related mutations in Ras and Rap signaling proteins may underlie human disorders. Finally, we discuss how recent observations have identified molecular interactions between these pathways and how these findings may provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore J. Cherra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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Jimenez-Gomez A, Nguyen MX, Gill JS. Understanding the role of AMPA receptors in autism: insights from circuit and synapse dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1304300. [PMID: 38352654 PMCID: PMC10861716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders represent a diverse etiological spectrum that converge on a syndrome characterized by discrepant deficits in developmental domains often highlighted by concerns in socialization, sensory integration, and autonomic functioning. Importantly, the incidence and prevalence of autism spectrum disorders have seen sharp increases since the syndrome was first described in the 1940s. The wide etiological spectrum and rising number of individuals being diagnosed with the condition lend urgency to capturing a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the autism spectrum disorders. The current review seeks to understand how the disruption of AMPA receptor (AMPAr)-mediated neurotransmission in the cerebro-cerebellar circuit, particularly in genetic autism related to SHANK3 or SYNGAP1 protein dysfunction function and autism associated with in utero exposure to the anti-seizure medications valproic acid and topiramate, may contribute to the disease presentation. Initially, a discussion contextualizing AMPAr signaling in the cerebro-cerebellar circuitry and microstructural circuit considerations is offered. Subsequently, a detailed review of the literature implicating mutations or deletions of SHANK3 and SYNGAP1 in disrupted AMPAr signaling reveals how bidirectional pathogenic modulation of this key circuit may contribute to autism. Finally, how pharmacological exposure may interact with this pathway, via increased risk of autism diagnosis with valproic acid and topiramate exposure and potential treatment of autism using AMPAr modulator perampanel, is discussed. Through the lens of the review, we will offer speculation on how neuromodulation may be used as a rational adjunct to therapy. Together, the present review seeks to synthesize the disparate considerations of circuit understanding, genetic etiology, and pharmacological modulation to understand the mechanistic interaction of this important and complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Jimenez-Gomez
- Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Program, Department of Neurology, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - Megan X. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology & Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan & Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason S. Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology & Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan & Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Le AA, Lauterborn JC, Jia Y, Cox CD, Lynch G, Gall CM. Metabotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling Contributes to Sex Differences in Synaptic Plasticity and Episodic Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577478. [PMID: 38328108 PMCID: PMC10849651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Men generally outperform women on encoding spatial components of episodic memory whereas the reverse holds for semantic elements. Here we show that female mice outperform males on tests for non-spatial aspects of episodic memory ("what", "when"), suggesting that the human findings are influenced by neurobiological factors common to mammals. Analysis of hippocampal synaptic plasticity mechanisms and encoding revealed unprecedented, sex-specific contributions of non-classical metabotropic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functions. While both sexes used non-ionic NMDAR signaling to trigger actin polymerization needed to consolidate long-term potentiation (LTP), NMDAR GluN2B subunit antagonism blocked these effects in males only and had the corresponding sex-specific effect on episodic memory. Conversely, blocking estrogen receptor alpha eliminated metabotropic stabilization of LTP and episodic memory in females only. The results show that sex differences in metabotropic signaling critical for enduring synaptic plasticity in hippocampus have significant consequences for encoding episodic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza A. Le
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Julie C. Lauterborn
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yousheng Jia
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Conor D. Cox
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California; Irvine, 92868, USA
| | - Christine M. Gall
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
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9
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Claiborne N, Anisimova M, Zito K. Activity-Dependent Stabilization of Nascent Dendritic Spines Requires Nonenzymatic CaMKIIα Function. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1393222023. [PMID: 38050081 PMCID: PMC10860566 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1393-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outgrowth and stabilization of nascent dendritic spines are crucial processes underlying learning and memory. Most new spines retract shortly after growth; only a small subset is stabilized and integrated into the new circuit connections that support learning. New spine stabilization has been shown to rely upon activity-dependent molecular mechanisms that also contribute to long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength. Indeed, disruption of the activity-dependent targeting of the kinase CaMKIIα to the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor disrupts both LTP and activity-dependent stabilization of new spines. Yet it is not known which of CaMKIIα's many enzymatic and structural functions are important for new spine stabilization. Here, we used two-photon imaging and photolysis of caged glutamate to monitor the activity-dependent stabilization of new dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 neurons from mice of both sexes in conditions where CaMKIIα functional and structural interactions were altered. Surprisingly, we found that inhibiting CaMKIIα kinase activity either genetically or pharmacologically did not impair activity-dependent new spine stabilization. In contrast, shRNA knockdown of CaMKIIα abolished activity-dependent new spine stabilization, which was rescued by co-expressing shRNA-resistant full-length CaMKIIα, but not by a truncated monomeric CaMKIIα. Notably, overexpression of phospho-mimetic CaMKIIα-T286D, which exhibits activity-independent targeting to GluN2B, enhanced basal new spine survivorship in the absence of additional glutamatergic stimulation, even when kinase activity was disrupted. Together, our results support a model in which nascent dendritic spine stabilization requires structural and scaffolding interactions mediated by dodecameric CaMKIIα that are independent of its enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Claiborne
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California 95618
| | | | - Karen Zito
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California 95618
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10
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Ray NR, Kunkle BW, Hamilton-Nelson K, Kurup JT, Rajabli F, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Jean-Francois M, Cuccaro M, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Cantwell L, Kuzma A, Vance JM, Gao S, Hendrie HC, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Akinyemi RO, Lee WP, Martin ER, Wang LS, Beecham GW, Bush WS, Farrer LA, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Reitz C. Extended genome-wide association study employing the African Genome Resources Panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's Disease in individuals of African ancestry. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.29.23294774. [PMID: 37693582 PMCID: PMC10491365 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.23294774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a two-fold increased risk, individuals of African ancestry have been significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS GWAS of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 cognitive controls of African ancestry. Within-dataset results were meta-analyzed, followed by gene-based and pathway analyses, and analysis of RNAseq and whole-genome sequencing data. RESULTS A novel AD risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF=.002, P =3.68×10 -9 ). Two additional novel common and nine novel rare loci approached genome-wide significance at P <9×10 -7 . Comparison of association and LD patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 ( ASCL1 ), suggesting that the association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION Increased sample sizes and sample sets from Africa covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional disease-associated loci and improve deconvolution of local genetic ancestry effects.
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11
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Li X, Zhang C, Bowman HH, Stambough JB, Stronach BM, Mears SC, Barnes LC, Ambrogini E, Xiong J. Piezo1 opposes age-associated cortical bone loss. Aging Cell 2023:e13846. [PMID: 37147884 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As we age, our bones undergo a process of loss, often accompanied by muscle weakness and reduced physical activity. This is exacerbated by decreased responsiveness to mechanical stimulation in aged skeleton, leading to the hypothesis that decreased mechanical stimulation plays an important role in age-related bone loss. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, is critical for bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction. Here, we observed a decrease in Piezo1 expression with age in both murine and human cortical bone. Furthermore, loss of Piezo1 in osteoblasts and osteocytes resulted in an increase in age-associated cortical bone loss compared to control mice. The loss of cortical bone was due to an expansion of the endosteal perimeter resulting from increased endocortical resorption. In addition, expression of Tnfrsf11b, encoding anti-osteoclastogenic protein OPG, decreases with Piezo1 in vitro and in vivo in bone cells, suggesting that Piezo1 suppresses osteoclast formation by promoting Tnfrsf11b expression. Our results highlight the importance of Piezo1-mediated mechanical signaling in protecting against age-associated cortical bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Connie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hayden H Bowman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Stambough
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Benjamin M Stronach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Simon C Mears
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lowry C Barnes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jinhu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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12
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Kong W, Huang S, Chen Z, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Ni X, Lu H, Zhang M, Li Z, Wen Y, Shang D. Proteomics and weighted gene correlated network analysis reveal glutamatergic synapse signaling in diazepam treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1111758. [PMID: 36712652 PMCID: PMC9873974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by chronic excessive alcohol consumption, often alternating with periods of abstinence known as alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Diazepam is the preferred benzodiazepine for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome under most circumstances, but the specific mechanism underlying the treatment needs further research. Methods: We constructed an animal model of two-bottle choices and chronic intermittent ethanol exposure. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis based on the label-free and intensity-based quantification approach was used to detect the protein profile of the whole brain. Weighted gene correlated network analysis was applied for scale-free network topology analysis. We established a protein-protein interaction network based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and Cytoscape software and identified hub proteins by CytoHubba and MCODE plugins of Cytoscape. The online tool Targetscan identified miRNA-mRNA pair interactions. Results: Seven hub proteins (Dlg3, Dlg4, Shank3, Grin2b, Camk2b, Camk2a and Syngap1) were implicated in alcohol withdrawal syndrome or diazepam treatment. In enrichment analysis, glutamatergic synapses were considered the most important pathway related to alcohol use disorder. Decreased glutamatergic synapses were observed in the late stage of withdrawal, as a protective mechanism that attenuated withdrawal-induced excitotoxicity. Diazepam treatment during withdrawal increased glutamatergic synapses, alleviating withdrawal-induced synapse inhibition. Conclusion: Glutamatergic synapses are considered the most important pathway related to alcohol use disorder that may be a potential molecular target for new interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zikai Chen
- Department of Administration, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zezhi Li, ; Yuguan Wen, ; Dewei Shang,
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zezhi Li, ; Yuguan Wen, ; Dewei Shang,
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zezhi Li, ; Yuguan Wen, ; Dewei Shang,
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13
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Ebner JN, Ritz D, von Fumetti S. Thermal acclimation results in persistent phosphoproteome changes in the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina (Tricladida: Planariidae). J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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14
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Genetic and genomic signatures in ethanol withdrawal seizure-prone and seizure-resistant mice implicate genes involved in epilepsy and neuronal excitability. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4611-4623. [PMID: 36198764 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal is a clinically important consequence and potential driver of Alcohol Use Disorder. However, susceptibility to withdrawal symptoms, ranging from craving and anxiety to seizures and delirium, varies greatly. Selectively bred Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) and Seizure-Resistant (WSR) mice are an animal model of differential susceptibility to withdrawal and phenotypes with which withdrawal severity correlates. To identify innate drivers of alcohol withdrawal severity, we performed a multi-omic study of the WSP and WSR lines and F2 mice derived from them, using genomic, genetic, and transcriptomic analyses. Genes implicated in seizures and epilepsy were over-represented among those that segregated between WSP and WSR mice and that displayed differential expression in F2 mice high and low in withdrawal. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of ethanol withdrawal convulsions identified several genome-wide significant loci and pointed to genes that modulate potassium channel function and neural excitability. Perturbations of expression of genes involved in synaptic transmission, including GABAergic and glutamatergic genes, were prominent in prefrontal cortex transcriptome. Expression QTL (eQTL) analysis fine mapped genes within the peak ethanol withdrawal QTL regions. Genetic association analysis in human subjects provided converging evidence for the involvement of those genes in severity of alcohol withdrawal and dependence. Our results reveal a polygenic network and neural signaling pathways contributing to ethanol withdrawal seizures and related phenotypes that overlap with genes modulating epilepsy and neuronal excitability.
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15
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Chen Y, Hou X, Pang J, Yang F, Li A, Lin S, Lin N, Lee TH, Liu H. The role of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in neuronal signaling in epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1006419. [PMID: 36304997 PMCID: PMC9592815 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common symptom of many neurological disorders and can lead to neuronal damage that plays a major role in seizure-related disability. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. It has also been suggested that Pin1 acts on epileptic inhibition, and the molecular mechanism has recently been reported. In this review, we primarily focus on research concerning the mechanisms and functions of Pin1 in neurons. In addition, we highlight the significance and potential applications of Pin1 in neuronal diseases, especially epilepsy. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which Pin1 controls synapses, ion channels and neuronal signaling pathways to modulate epileptic susceptibility. Since neurotransmitters and some neuronal signaling pathways, such as Notch1 and PI3K/Akt, are vital to the nervous system, the role of Pin1 in epilepsy is discussed in the context of the CaMKII-AMPA receptor axis, PSD-95-NMDA receptor axis, NL2/gephyrin-GABA receptor signaling, and Notch1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. The effect of Pin1 on the progression of epilepsy in animal models is discussed as well. This information will lead to a better understanding of Pin1 signaling pathways in epilepsy and may facilitate development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Hou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao Pang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Angcheng Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suijin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hekun Liu,
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16
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Purushotham SS, Reddy NMN, D'Souza MN, Choudhury NR, Ganguly A, Gopalakrishna N, Muddashetty R, Clement JP. A perspective on molecular signalling dysfunction, its clinical relevance and therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2525-2567. [PMID: 36063192 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that have become a primary clinical and social concern, with a prevalence of 2-3% in the population. Neuronal function and behaviour undergo significant malleability during the critical period of development that is found to be impaired in ID/ASD. Human genome sequencing studies have revealed many genetic variations associated with ASD/ID that are further verified by many approaches, including many mouse and other models. These models have facilitated the identification of fundamental mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ASD/ID, and several studies have proposed converging molecular pathways in ASD/ID. However, linking the mechanisms of the pathogenic genes and their molecular characteristics that lead to ID/ASD has progressed slowly, hampering the development of potential therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the possibility of recognising the common molecular causes for most ASD/ID based on studies from the available models that may enable a better therapeutic strategy to treat ID/ASD. We also reviewed the potential biomarkers to detect ASD/ID at early stages that may aid in diagnosis and initiating medical treatment, the concerns with drug failure in clinical trials, and developing therapeutic strategies that can be applied beyond a particular mutation associated with ASD/ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S Purushotham
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Neeharika M N Reddy
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Michelle Ninochka D'Souza
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Nilpawan Roy Choudhury
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Anusa Ganguly
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Niharika Gopalakrishna
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
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17
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Mohanan AG, Gunasekaran S, Jacob RS, Omkumar RV. Role of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II in Mediating Function and Dysfunction at Glutamatergic Synapses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:855752. [PMID: 35795689 PMCID: PMC9252440 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.855752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic synapses harbor abundant amounts of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII). Both in the postsynaptic density as well as in the cytosolic compartment of postsynaptic terminals, CaMKII plays major roles. In addition to its Ca2+-stimulated kinase activity, it can also bind to a variety of membrane proteins at the synapse and thus exert spatially restricted activity. The abundance of CaMKII in glutamatergic synapse is akin to scaffolding proteins although its prominent function still appears to be that of a kinase. The multimeric structure of CaMKII also confers several functional capabilities on the enzyme. The versatility of the enzyme has prompted hypotheses proposing several roles for the enzyme such as Ca2+ signal transduction, memory molecule function and scaffolding. The article will review the multiple roles played by CaMKII in glutamatergic synapses and how they are affected in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana G. Mohanan
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sowmya Gunasekaran
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reena Sarah Jacob
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - R. V. Omkumar
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: R. V. Omkumar,
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18
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Rho-Rho-Kinase Regulates Ras-ERK Signaling Through SynGAP1 for Dendritic Spine Morphology. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2757-2772. [PMID: 35624196 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural plasticity of dendritic spines plays a critical role in NMDA-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the brain. The small GTPases RhoA and Ras are considered key regulators of spine morphology and enlargement. However, the regulatory interaction between RhoA and Ras underlying NMDA-induced spine enlargement is largely unknown. In this study, we found that Rho-kinase/ROCK, an effector of RhoA, phosphorylated SynGAP1 (a synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein) at Ser842 and increased its interaction with 14-3-3ζ, thereby activating Ras-ERK signaling in a reconstitution system in HeLa cells. We also found that the stimulation of NMDA receptor by glycine treatment for LTP induction stimulated SynGAP1 phosphorylation, Ras-ERK activation, spine enlargement and SynGAP1 delocalization from the spines in striatal neurons, and these effects were prevented by Rho-kinase inhibition. Rho-kinase-mediated phosphorylation of SynGAP1 appeared to increase its dissociation from PSD95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein located at postsynaptic density, by forming a complex with 14-3-3ζ. These results suggest that Rho-kinase phosphorylates SynGAP1 at Ser842, thereby activating the Ras-ERK pathway for NMDA-induced morphological changes in dendritic spines.
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19
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Liu Z, Gao W, Xu Y. Eleutheroside E alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c)-dependent manner in rats. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11718-11731. [PMID: 35502892 PMCID: PMC9275941 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the central disorder underlined by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Eleutheroside E (EE) is administered as the shield in some ischemia tissues with anti-inflammatory action. However, whether EE defends I/R-induced damage in the brain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that EE significantly alleviated the cerebral I/R injury and reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells in rats. During the anti-apoptosis process, EE significantly upregulated the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c) gene. Silencing Htr2c expression dramatically weakened the protective effect of EE on I/R-induced apoptosis of rat hippocampal neuron. EE-regulated Htr2c also remarkably inhibited the expression of caspase-3, −6 and −7, thereby suggesting a plausible anti-apoptosis mechanism associated with Htr2c/caspase axis. These findings elicit the potentially clinical strategy that targets Htr2c to improve outcome of ischemia brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqin Xu
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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20
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Peltz G, Tan Y. What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793961. [PMID: 35095607 PMCID: PMC8790171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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21
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Paprocka J, Ziętkiewicz S, Kosińska J, Kaczorowska E, Płoski R. Case Report: Lennox-Gastaut Epileptic Encephalopathy Responsive to Cannabidiol Treatment Associated With a Novel de novo Mosaic SHANK1 Variant. Front Genet 2021; 12:735292. [PMID: 34912368 PMCID: PMC8667173 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANKs) are a family of scaffolding proteins located in excitatory synapses required for their development and function. Molecular defects of SHANK3 are a well-known cause of several neurodevelopmental entities, in particular autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy, whereas relatively little is known about disease associations of SHANK1. Here, we propose a novel de novo mosaic p.(Gly126Arg) SHANK1 variant as the monogenic cause of disease in a patient who presented, from the age of 2 years, moderate intellectual disability, autism, and refractory epilepsy of the Lennox–Gastaut type. The epilepsy responded remarkably well to cannabidiol add-on therapy. In silico analyses including homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations indicated the deleterious effect of SHANK1 p.(Gly126Arg) on the protein structure and the related function associated with protein–protein interactions. In particular, the variant was predicted to disrupt a hitherto unknown conserved region of SHANK1 protein with high homology to a recently recognized functionally relevant domain in SHANK3 implicated in ligand binding, including the “non-canonical” binding of Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurologsluy, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosińska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczorowska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Jarysta A, Tarchini B. Multiple PDZ domain protein maintains patterning of the apical cytoskeleton in sensory hair cells. Development 2021; 148:270996. [PMID: 34228789 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sound transduction occurs in the hair bundle, the apical compartment of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. The hair bundle is formed of actin-based stereocilia aligned in rows of graded heights. It was previously shown that the GNAI-GPSM2 complex is part of a developmental blueprint that defines the polarized organization of the apical cytoskeleton in hair cells, including stereocilia distribution and elongation. Here, we report a role for multiple PDZ domain (MPDZ) protein during apical hair cell morphogenesis in mouse. We show that MPDZ is enriched at the hair cell apical membrane along with MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5 (MPP5/PALS1) and the Crumbs protein CRB3. MPDZ is required there to maintain the proper segregation of apical blueprint proteins, including GNAI-GPSM2. Loss of the blueprint coincides with misaligned stereocilia placement in Mpdz mutant hair cells, and results in permanently misshapen hair bundles. Graded molecular and structural defects along the cochlea can explain the profile of hearing loss in Mpdz mutants, where deficits are most severe at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Liu W, Huang Y, Wang D, Han F, Chen H, Chen J, Jiang X, Cao J, Liu J. MPDZ as a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor inhibits growth and progression of lung cancer through the Hippo-YAP pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:4468-4485. [PMID: 34108620 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MPDZ also named MUPP1 is involved in signal transduction mediated by the formation of protein complexes. However, the expression regulation, clinical significance, potential function, and mechanism of this gene in lung cancer remain unclear. Methylation status of MPDZ was measured by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the prognostic value of MPDZ. The tumor suppressing effects of MPDZ were determined in vitro and in vivo. The target molecules and signaling pathway that mediated the function of MPDZ were also identified. MPDZ methylation was identified in 61.2% of primary lung cancer tissues and most lung cancer cell lines but not in normal lung tissues. MPDZ expression was significantly downregulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively associated with DNA hypermethylation, and attenuated MPDZ expression predicted a poor outcome. Furthermore, MPDZ overexpression prominently dampened cell growth, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Conversely, MPDZ knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MPDZ deficiency promotes tumor metastasis and reduces the survival of MPDZ knockout mice. Importantly, MPDZ promotes tumor suppressor ability that depends on the Hippo pathway-mediated repression of YAP. MPDZ activates the phosphorylation of YAP (Ser127) and inhibits YAP expression through stabilizing MST1 and interaction with LATS1. We first identified and validated that MPDZ methylation and expression could be a good diagnostic marker and independent prognostic factor for lung cancer. MPDZ functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.
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The Rap1 small GTPase is a critical mediator of the effects of stress on prefrontal cortical dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3223-3239. [PMID: 32651478 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neural molecular and biochemical response to stress is a distinct physiological process, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly sensitive to, and afflicted by, exposure to stress. Largely through this PFC dysfunction, stress has a characterized role in facilitating cognitive impairment, which is often dissociable from its effects on non-cognitive behaviors. The Rap1 small GTPase pathway has emerged as a commonly disrupted intracellular target in neuropsychiatric conditions, whether it be via alterations in Rap1 expression or through alterations in the expression of direct and specific upstream Rap1 activators and inhibitors. Here we demonstrate that escalating, intermittent stress increases Rap1 in mouse PFC synapses, results in cognitive impairments, and reduces the preponderance of mature dendritic spines in PFC neurons. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, we reveal that the hyper-induction of Rap1 in the PFC is sufficient to drive stress-relevant cognitive and synaptic phenotypes. These findings point to Rap1 as a critical mediator of stress-driven neuronal and behavioral pathology and highlight a previously unrecognized involvement for Rap1 in novelty-driven PFC engagement.
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25
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Wang J, Han J, Wang S, Duan Y, Bao C, Luo Y, Xue Q, Cao X. Forebrain GluN2A overexpression impairs fear extinction and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression in the lateral amygdala. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:1-10. [PMID: 34058285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity at the thalamus-lateral amygdala (T-LA) synapses is related to acquisition and extinction of auditory fear memory. However, the roles of the NMDAR GluN2A subunit in acquisition and extinction of auditory fear memory as well as synaptic plasticity at T-LA synapses remain unclear. Here, using electrophysiologic, molecular biological techniques and behavioral methods, we found that the forebrain specific GluN2A overexpression transgenic (TG) mice exhibited normal acquisition but impaired extinction of auditory fear memory. In addition, in vitro electrophysiological data showed normal basal synaptic transmission and NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at T-LA synapses, but deficit in NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at T-LA synapses in GluN2A TG mice. Consistent with the reduced NMDAR-dependent LTD, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization was also weakened during NMDAR-dependent LTD in GluN2A TG mice. Taken together, our findings for the first time indicate that GluN2A overexpression impairs extinction of auditory fear memory and NMDAR-dependent LTD at T-LA synapses, which further confirms the close relationship between NMDAR-dependent LTD and fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shugen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chengrong Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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26
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Garozzo MT, Caruso D, La Mendola FMC, Di Nora A, Romano K, Leonardi R, Falsaperla R, Zanghì A, Praticò AD. SYNGAP1 and Its Related Epileptic Syndromes. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) is abundantly expressed in the postsynaptic space in brain tissue and has a crucial role in the regulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance and in brain development. It is estimated that SYNGAP1 loss of function variants have an incidence of 1 to 4/10,000 individuals, mostly occurring de novo, even if few cases of vertical transmission of mosaic mutations have been reported. Loss-of-function mutations within this gene have been related with an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and myoclonic-atonic seizures (MAE) with early onset, commonly resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AED). Epilepsy is often associated with other clinical features, including truncal and/or facial hypotonia and/or ataxia with a wide-based and unsteady gate. Other clinical signs are intellectual disability, developmental delay, and behavioral and speech impairment, in a context of a normal neuroimaging study. In selected cases, dysmorphic features, skeletal abnormalities, and eye involvement are also described. The diagnosis of the disorder is usually established by multigene panel and, in unsolved cases, by exome sequencing. Management of the affected individuals involves different specialists and is mainly symptomatic. No clinical trials about the efficacy of AED in SYNGAP1 encephalopathy have been performed yet and Lamotrigine and valproate are commonly prescribed. In more than half of cases, however, epilepsy is refractory to AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Garozzo
- Unit of Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency, Hospital “Cannizzaro,” Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Caruso
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Di Nora
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Leonardi
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology “G.F. Ingrassia,” University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea D. Praticò
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li X, Dong R, Song C, Cheng L, Shi M, Zhao H. Combination of tea polyphenols and proanthocyanidins prevents menopause-related memory decline in rats via increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity by inhibiting p38 MAPK and TNF-α pathway. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1909-1927. [PMID: 33871312 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1913929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have examined the beneficial effects of tea polyphenols (TP) and proanthocyanidins (PC) on the memory impairment in different animal models. However, the combined effects of them on synaptic, memory dysfunction and molecular mechanisms have been poorly studied, especially in the menopause-related memory decline in rats. METHODS In this rat study, TP and PC were used to investigate their protective effects on memory decline caused by inflammation. We characterized the learning and memory abilities, synaptic plasticity, AMPAR, phosphorylation of the p38 protein, TNF-ɑ, structural synaptic plasticity-related indicators in the hippocampus. RESULTS The results showed that deficits of learning and memory in OVX + D-gal rats, which was accompanied by dendrites and synaptic morphology damage, and increased expression of Aβ1-42 and inflammation. The beneficial effects of TP and PC treatment were found to prevent memory loss and significantly improve synaptic structure and functional plasticity. TP+PC combination shows more obvious advantages than intervention alone. TP and PC treatment improved behavioral performance, the hippocampal LTP damage and the shape and number of dendrites, dendritic spines and synapses, reduced the burden of Aβ and decreased the inflammation in hippocampus. In addition, TP and PC treatment decreased the expressions of Iba-1, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TRAF2. CONCLUSIONS These results provided a novel evidence TP combined with PC inhibits p38 MAPK pathway, suppresses the inflammation in hippocampus, and increase the externalization of AMPAR, which may be one of the mechanisms to improve synaptic plasticity and memory in the menopause-related memory decline rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenmeng Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqian Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Xu Y, Song X, Wang D, Wang Y, Li P, Li J. Proteomic insights into synaptic signaling in the brain: the past, present and future. Mol Brain 2021; 14:37. [PMID: 33596935 PMCID: PMC7888154 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synapses in the brain connect neurons to form neural circuits, providing the structural and functional bases for neural communication. Disrupted synaptic signaling is closely related to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the past two decades, proteomics has blossomed as a versatile tool in biological and biomedical research, rendering a wealth of information toward decoding the molecular machinery of life. There is enormous interest in employing proteomic approaches for the study of synapses, and substantial progress has been made. Here, we review the findings of proteomic studies of chemical synapses in the brain, with special attention paid to the key players in synaptic signaling, i.e., the synaptic protein complexes and their post-translational modifications. Looking toward the future, we discuss the technological advances in proteomics such as data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry (CXMS), and proximity proteomics, along with their potential to untangle the mystery of how the brain functions at the molecular level. Last but not least, we introduce the newly developed synaptomic methods. These methods and their successful applications marked the beginnings of the synaptomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiuyue Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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29
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Multi-parametric analysis of 57 SYNGAP1 variants reveal impacts on GTPase signaling, localization, and protein stability. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:148-162. [PMID: 33308442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SYNGAP1 is a neuronal Ras and Rap GTPase-activating protein with important roles in regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity. While many SYNGAP1 missense and nonsense mutations have been associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), whether and how they contribute to individual disease phenotypes is often unknown. Here, we characterize 57 variants in seven assays that examine multiple aspects of SYNGAP1 function. Specifically, we used multiplex phospho-flow cytometry to measure variant impact on protein stability, pERK, pGSK3β, pp38, pCREB, and high-content imaging to examine subcellular localization. We find variants ranging from complete loss-of-function (LoF) to wild-type (WT)-like in their regulation of pERK and pGSK3β, while all variants retain at least partial ability to dephosphorylate pCREB. Interestingly, our assays reveal that a larger proportion of variants located within the disordered domain of unknown function (DUF) comprising the C-terminal half of SYNGAP1 exhibited higher LoF, compared to variants within the better studied catalytic domain. Moreover, we find protein instability to be a major contributor to dysfunction for only two missense variants, both located within the catalytic domain. Using high-content imaging, we find variants located within the C2 domain known to mediate membrane lipid interactions exhibit significantly larger cytoplasmic speckles than WT SYNGAP1. Moreover, this subcellular phenotype shows both correlation with altered catalytic activity and unique deviation from signaling assay results, highlighting multiple independent molecular mechanisms underlying variant dysfunction. Our multidimensional dataset allows clustering of variants based on functional phenotypes and provides high-confidence, multi-functional measures for making pathogenicity predictions.
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30
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Gou G, Roca-Fernandez A, Kilinc M, Serrano E, Reig-Viader R, Araki Y, Huganir RL, de Quintana-Schmidt C, Rumbaugh G, Bayés À. SynGAP splice variants display heterogeneous spatio-temporal expression and subcellular distribution in the developing mammalian brain. J Neurochem 2020; 154:618-634. [PMID: 32068252 PMCID: PMC7754318 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The SynGAP protein is a major regulator of synapse biology and neural circuit function. Genetic variants linked to epilepsy and intellectual disability disrupt synaptic function and neural excitability. SynGAP has been involved in multiple signaling pathways and can regulate small GTPases with very different roles. Yet, the molecular bases behind this pleiotropy are poorly understood. We hypothesize that different SynGAP isoforms will mediate different sets of functions and that deciphering their spatio-temporal expression and subcellular localization will accelerate understanding their multiple functions. Using isoform-specific antibodies recognizing SynGAP in mouse and human samples we found distinctive developmental expression patterns for all SynGAP isoforms in five mouse brain areas. Particularly noticeable was the delayed expression of SynGAP-α1 isoforms, which directly bind to postsynaptic density-95, in cortex and hippocampus during the first 2 weeks of postnatal development. Suggesting that during this period other isoforms would have a more prominent role. Furthermore, we observed subcellular localization differences between isoforms, particularly throughout postnatal development. Consistent with previous reports, SynGAP was enriched in the postsynaptic density in the mature forebrain. However, SynGAP was predominantly found in non-synaptic locations in a period of early postnatal development highly sensitive to SynGAP levels. While, α1 isoforms were always found enriched in the postsynaptic density, α2 isoforms changed from a non-synaptic to a mostly postsynaptic density localization with age and β isoforms were always found enriched in non-synaptic locations. The differential expression and subcellular distribution of SynGAP isoforms may contribute to isoform-specific regulation of small GTPases, explaining SynGAP pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Gou
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | | | - Murat Kilinc
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Elena Serrano
- Biobank, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Reig-Viader
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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32
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Twenty Years of SynGAP Research: From Synapses to Cognition. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1596-1605. [PMID: 32075947 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0420-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SynGAP is a potent regulator of biochemical signaling in neurons and plays critical roles in neuronal function. It was first identified in 1998, and has since been extensively characterized as a mediator of synaptic plasticity. Because of its involvement in synaptic plasticity, SynGAP has emerged as a critical protein for normal cognitive function. In recent years, mutations in the SYNGAP1 gene have been shown to cause intellectual disability in humans and have been linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. While the structure and biochemical function of SynGAP have been well characterized, a unified understanding of the various roles of SynGAP at the synapse and its contributions to neuronal function remains to be achieved. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the multifactorial role of SynGAP in regulating neuronal function gathered over the last two decades.
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Ordyan M, Bartol T, Kennedy M, Rangamani P, Sejnowski T. Interactions between calmodulin and neurogranin govern the dynamics of CaMKII as a leaky integrator. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008015. [PMID: 32678848 PMCID: PMC7390456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has long been known to play an important role in learning and memory as well as long term potentiation (LTP). More recently it has been suggested that it might be involved in the time averaging of synaptic signals, which can then lead to the high precision of information stored at a single synapse. However, the role of the scaffolding molecule, neurogranin (Ng), in governing the dynamics of CaMKII is not yet fully understood. In this work, we adopt a rule-based modeling approach through the Monte Carlo method to study the effect of Ca2+ signals on the dynamics of CaMKII phosphorylation in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Calcium surges are observed in synaptic spines during an EPSP and back-propagating action potential due to the opening of NMDA receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels. Using agent-based models, we computationally investigate the dynamics of phosphorylation of CaMKII monomers and dodecameric holoenzymes. The scaffolding molecule, Ng, when present in significant concentration, limits the availability of free calmodulin (CaM), the protein which activates CaMKII in the presence of calcium. We show that Ng plays an important modulatory role in CaMKII phosphorylation following a surge of high calcium concentration. We find a non-intuitive dependence of this effect on CaM concentration that results from the different affinities of CaM for CaMKII depending on the number of calcium ions bound to the former. It has been shown previously that in the absence of phosphatase, CaMKII monomers integrate over Ca2+ signals of certain frequencies through autophosphorylation (Pepke et al, Plos Comp. Bio., 2010). We also study the effect of multiple calcium spikes on CaMKII holoenzyme autophosphorylation, and show that in the presence of phosphatase, CaMKII behaves as a leaky integrator of calcium signals, a result that has been recently observed in vivo. Our models predict that the parameters of this leaky integrator are finely tuned through the interactions of Ng, CaM, CaMKII, and PP1, providing a mechanism to precisely control the sensitivity of synapses to calcium signals. Author Summary not valid for PLOS ONE submissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ordyan
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Bartol
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Kennedy
- The Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PR), (TS)
| | - Terrence Sejnowski
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PR), (TS)
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Patchett AL, Flies AS, Lyons AB, Woods GM. Curse of the devil: molecular insights into the emergence of transmissible cancers in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2507-2525. [PMID: 31900624 PMCID: PMC11104928 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is the only mammalian species known to be affected by multiple transmissible cancers. Devil facial tumours 1 and 2 (DFT1 and DFT2) are independent neoplastic cell lineages that produce large, disfiguring cancers known as devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). The long-term persistence of wild Tasmanian devils is threatened due to the ability of DFTD cells to propagate as contagious allografts and the high mortality rate of DFTD. Recent studies have demonstrated that both DFT1 and DFT2 cancers originated from founder cells of the Schwann cell lineage, an uncommon origin of malignant cancer in humans. This unprecedented finding has revealed a potential predisposition of Tasmanian devils to transmissible cancers of the Schwann cell lineage. In this review, we compare the molecular nature of human Schwann cells and nerve sheath tumours with DFT1 and DFT2 to gain insights into the emergence of transmissible cancers in the Tasmanian devil. We discuss a potential mechanism, whereby Schwann cell plasticity and frequent wounding in Tasmanian devils combine with an inherent cancer predisposition and low genetic diversity to give rise to transmissible Schwann cell cancers in devils on rare occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Patchett
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew S Flies
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Sullivan BJ, Ammanuel S, Kipnis PA, Araki Y, Huganir RL, Kadam SD. Low-Dose Perampanel Rescues Cortical Gamma Dysregulation Associated With Parvalbumin Interneuron GluA2 Upregulation in Epileptic Syngap1 +/- Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:829-842. [PMID: 32107006 PMCID: PMC7166168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function SYNGAP1 mutations cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and epilepsy. SYNGAP1 is a Ras GTPase-activating protein that underlies the formation and experience-dependent regulation of postsynaptic densities. The mechanisms that contribute to this proposed monogenic cause of intellectual disability and epilepsy remain unresolved. METHODS We established the phenotype of the epileptogenesis in a Syngap1+/- mouse model using 24-hour video electroencephalography (vEEG)/electromyography recordings at advancing ages. We administered an acute low dose of perampanel, a Food and Drug Administration-approved AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonist, during a follow-on 24-hour vEEG to investigate the role of AMPARs in Syngap1 haploinsufficiency. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the region- and location-specific differences in the expression of the GluA2 AMPAR subunit. RESULTS A progressive worsening of the epilepsy with emergence of multiple seizure phenotypes, interictal spike frequency, sleep dysfunction, and hyperactivity was identified in Syngap1+/- mice. Interictal spikes emerged predominantly during non-rapid eye movement sleep in 24-hour vEEG of Syngap1+/- mice. Myoclonic seizures occurred at behavioral-state transitions both in Syngap1+/- mice and during an overnight EEG from a child with SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency. In Syngap1+/- mice, EEG spectral power analyses identified a significant loss of gamma power modulation during behavioral-state transitions. A significant region-specific increase of GluA2 AMPAR subunit expression in the somas of parvalbumin-positive interneurons was identified. CONCLUSIONS Acute dosing with perampanel significantly rescued behavioral state-dependent cortical gamma homeostasis, identifying a novel mechanism implicating Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs on parvalbumin-positive interneurons underlying circuit dysfunction in SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Sullivan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Simon Ammanuel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pavel A Kipnis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shilpa D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Kozell LB, Lockwood D, Darakjian P, Edmunds S, Shepherdson K, Buck KJ, Hitzemann R. RNA-Seq Analysis of Genetic and Transcriptome Network Effects of Dual-Trait Selection for Ethanol Preference and Withdrawal Using SOT and NOT Genetic Models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:820-830. [PMID: 32090358 PMCID: PMC7169974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors significantly affect alcohol consumption and vulnerability to withdrawal. Furthermore, some genetic models showing predisposition to severe withdrawal are also predisposed to low ethanol (EtOH) consumption and vice versa, even when tested independently in naïve animals. METHODS Beginning with a C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F2 intercross founder population, animals were simultaneously selectively bred for both high alcohol consumption and low acute withdrawal (SOT line), or vice versa (NOT line). Using randomly chosen fourth selected generation (S4) mice (N = 18-22/sex/line), RNA-Seq was employed to assess genome-wide gene expression in ventral striatum. The MegaMUGA array was used to detect genome-wide genotypic differences. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis were implemented as described elsewhere (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462). RESULTS The new selection of the SOT and NOT lines was similar to that reported previously (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38, 2014, 2915). One thousand eight hundred and sixteen transcripts were detected as differentially expressed between the lines. For genes more highly expressed in the SOT line, there was enrichment in genes associated with cell adhesion, synapse organization, and postsynaptic membrane. The genes with a cell adhesion annotation included 23 protocadherins, Mpdz and Dlg2. Genes with a postsynaptic membrane annotation included Gabrb3, Gphn, Grid1, Grin2b, Grin2c, and Grm3. The genes more highly expressed in the NOT line were enriched in a network module (red) with annotations associated with mitochondrial function. Several of these genes were module hub nodes, and these included Nedd8, Guk1, Elof1, Ndufa8, and Atp6v1f. CONCLUSIONS Marked effects of selection on gene expression were detected. The NOT line was characterized by higher expression of hub nodes associated with mitochondrial function. Genes more highly expressed in the SOT aligned with previous findings, for example, Colville and colleagues (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462) that both high EtOH preference and consumption are associated with effects on cell adhesion and glutamate synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Kozell
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Denesa Lockwood
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Priscila Darakjian
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stephanie Edmunds
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Karen Shepherdson
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kari J Buck
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- From the, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Cai Q, Hosokawa T, Zeng M, Hayashi Y, Zhang M. Shank3 Binds to and Stabilizes the Active Form of Rap1 and HRas GTPases via Its NTD-ANK Tandem with Distinct Mechanisms. Structure 2019; 28:290-300.e4. [PMID: 31879129 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Shank1/2/3, major scaffold proteins in excitatory synapses, are frequently mutated in patients with psychiatric disorders. Although the Shank N-terminal domain and ankyrin repeats domain tandem (NTD-ANK) is known to bind to Ras and Rap1, the molecular mechanism underlying and functional significance of the bindings in synapses are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Shank3 NTD-ANK specifically binds to the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound form of HRas and Rap1. In addition to the canonical site mediated by the Ras-association domain and common to both GTPases, Shank3 contains an unconventional Rap1 binding site formed by NTD and ANK together. Binding of Shank3 to the GTP-loaded Rap1 slows down its GTP hydrolysis by SynGAP. We further show that the interactions between Shank3 and HRas/Rap1 at excitatory synapses are promoted by synaptic activation. Thus, Shank3 may be able to modulate signaling of the Ras family proteins via directly binding to and stabilizing the GTP-bound form of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixu Cai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tomohisa Hosokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Menglong Zeng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Nakajima R, Takao K, Hattori S, Shoji H, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral analysis of heterozygous Syngap1 knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:223-237. [PMID: 31323176 PMCID: PMC7292322 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) regulates synaptic plasticity through AMPA receptor trafficking. SYNGAP1 mutations have been found in human patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Almost every individual with SYNGAP1-related ID develops epilepsy, and approximately 50% have ASD. SYNGAP1-related ID is estimated to account for at least 1% of ID cases. In mouse models with Syngap1 mutations, strong cognitive and affective dysfunctions have been reported, yet some findings are inconsistent across studies. To further understand the behavioral significance of the SYNGAP1 gene, we assessed various domains of behavior in Syngap1 heterozygous mutant mice using a behavioral test battery. METHODS Male mice with a heterozygous mutation in the Syngap1 gene (Syngap1-/+ mice) created by Seth Grant's group were subjected to a battery of comprehensive behavioral tests, which examined general health, and neurological screens, rotarod, hot plate, open field, light/dark transition, elevated plus maze, social interaction, prepulse inhibition, Porsolt forced swim, tail suspension, gait analysis, T-maze, Y-maze, Barnes maze, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and home cage locomotor activity. To control for type I errors due to multiple-hypothesis testing, P-values below the false discovery rate calculated by the Benjamini-Hochberg method were considered as study-wide statistically significant. RESULTS Syngap1-/+ mice showed increased locomotor activity, decreased prepulse inhibition, and impaired working and reference spatial memory, consistent with preceding studies. Impairment of context fear memory and increased startle reflex in Syngap1 mutant mice could not be reproduced. Significant decreases in sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function were observed in Syngap1-/+ mice. Decreased anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior were noted, although increased locomotor activity is a potential confounding factor of these phenotypes. Increased home cage locomotor activity indicated hyperlocomotor activity not only in specific behavioral test conditions but also in familiar environments. CONCLUSION In Syngap1-/+ mice, we could reproduce most of the previously reported cognitive and emotional deficits. The decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function that we found in Syngap1-/+ mice are consistent with the common characteristics of patients with SYNGAP-related ID. We further confirmed that the Syngap1 heterozygote mouse recapitulates the symptoms of ID and ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakajima
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Division of Animal Resources and Development, Life Science Research CenterUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of BehaviorNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Noboru H. Komiyama
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome & Intellectual DisabilitiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Seth G. N. Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of BehaviorNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
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Agarwal M, Johnston MV, Stafstrom CE. SYNGAP1 mutations: Clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological features. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:65-76. [PMID: 31454529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SYNGAP1 is a gene that encodes the cytosolic protein SYNGAP1 (SYNaptic GTPase Activating Protein), an essential component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory glutamatergic neurons. SYNGAP1 plays critical roles in synaptic development, structure, function, and plasticity. Mutations in SYNGAP1 result in a neurodevelopmental disorder termed Mental retardation-type 5 (MRD5, OMIM #612621) with a phenotype consisting of intellectual disability, motor impairments, and epilepsy, attesting to the importance of this protein for normal brain development. Here we review the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of SYNGAP1 mutations with a focus on their effect on synaptogenesis, neural circuit function, and cellular plasticity. We conclude by comparing the molecular pathogenesis of SYNGAP1 mutations with those of another neurodevelopmental disorder that affects dendritic function and cellular plasticity, fragile X syndrome. Insights into the molecular similarities and differences underlying these disorders could lead to rationale therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Agarwal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Jimenez-Gomez A, Niu S, Andujar-Perez F, McQuade EA, Balasa A, Huss D, Coorg R, Quach M, Vinson S, Risen S, Holder JL. Phenotypic characterization of individuals with SYNGAP1 pathogenic variants reveals a potential correlation between posterior dominant rhythm and developmental progression. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:18. [PMID: 31395010 PMCID: PMC6688356 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SYNGAP1 gene encodes for a small GTPase-regulating protein critical to dendritic spine maturation and synaptic plasticity. Mutations have recently been identified to cause a breadth of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. The purpose of this work is to define the phenotypic spectrum of SYNGAP1 gene mutations and identify potential biomarkers of clinical severity and developmental progression. Methods A retrospective clinical data analysis of individuals with SYNGAP1 mutations was conducted. Data included genetic diagnosis, clinical history and examinations, neurophysiologic data, neuroimaging, and serial neurodevelopmental/behavioral assessments. All patients were seen longitudinally within a 6-year period; data analysis was completed on June 30, 2018. Records for all individuals diagnosed with deleterious SYNGAP1 variants (by clinical sequencing or exome sequencing panels) were reviewed. Results Fifteen individuals (53% male) with seventeen unique SYNGAP1 mutations are reported. Mean age at genetic diagnosis was 65.9 months (28–174 months). All individuals had epilepsy, with atypical absence seizures being the most common semiology (60%). EEG abnormalities included intermittent rhythmic delta activity (60%), slow or absent posterior dominant rhythm (87%), and epileptiform activity (93%), with generalized discharges being more common than focal. Neuroimaging revealed nonspecific abnormalities (53%). Neurodevelopmental evaluation revealed impairment in all individuals, with gross motor function being the least affected. Autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in 73% and aggression in 60% of cases. Analysis of biomarkers revealed a trend toward a moderate positive correlation between visual-perceptual/fine motor/adaptive skills and language development, with posterior dominant rhythm on electroencephalogram (EEG), independent of age. No other neurophysiology-development associations or correlations were identified. Conclusions A broad spectrum of neurologic and neurodevelopmental features are found with pathogenic variants of SYNGAP1. An abnormal posterior dominant rhythm on EEG correlated with abnormal developmental progression, providing a possible prognostic biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-019-9276-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Jimenez-Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sizhe Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Morsund Street, Suite 925, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fabiola Andujar-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Morsund Street, Suite 925, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McQuade
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alfred Balasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Huss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rohini Coorg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael Quach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sherry Vinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Risen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Lloyd Holder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 1250, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Morsund Street, Suite 925, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Yang J, Simonneau C, Kilker R, Oakley L, Byrne MD, Nichtova Z, Stefanescu I, Pardeep-Kumar F, Tripathi S, Londin E, Saugier-Veber P, Willard B, Thakur M, Pickup S, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Smeyne R, Horowitz A. Murine MPDZ-linked hydrocephalus is caused by hyperpermeability of the choroid plexus. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809540. [PMID: 30518636 PMCID: PMC6328942 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which is MPDZ. Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying a Mpdz loss‐of‐function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53‐fold increase in protein concentration, suggesting that transcytosis through the choroid plexus epithelial cells of Mpdz KO mice is substantially higher than in normal mice. These conclusions are supported by ultrastructural evidence, and by immunohistochemistry and cytology data. Our results provide a straightforward and concise explanation for the pathophysiology of Mpdz‐linked hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Yang
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Simonneau
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Kilker
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Oakley
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Byrne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioana Stefanescu
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fnu Pardeep-Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sushil Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core Facility, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mathew Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Smeyne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arie Horowitz
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Paul A, Nawalpuri B, Shah D, Sateesh S, Muddashetty RS, Clement JP. Differential Regulation of Syngap1 Translation by FMRP Modulates eEF2 Mediated Response on NMDAR Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:97. [PMID: 31143100 PMCID: PMC6520660 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SYNGAP1, a Synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein, regulates synapse maturation during a critical developmental window. Heterozygous mutation in SYNGAP1 (SYNGAP1 -/+) has been shown to cause Intellectual Disability (ID) in children. Recent studies have provided evidence for altered neuronal protein synthesis in a mouse model of Syngap1 -/+. However, the molecular mechanism behind the same is unclear. Here, we report the reduced expression of a known translation regulator, FMRP, during a specific developmental period in Syngap1 -/+ mice. Our results demonstrate that FMRP interacts with and regulates the translation of Syngap1 mRNA. We further show reduced Fmr1 translation leads to decreased FMRP level during development in Syngap1 -/+ which results in an increase in Syngap1 translation. These developmental changes are reflected in the altered response of eEF2 phosphorylation downstream of NMDA Receptor (NMDAR)-mediated signaling. In this study, we propose a cross-talk between FMRP and SYNGAP1 mediated signaling which can also explain the compensatory effect of impaired signaling observed in Syngap1 -/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Paul
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharti Nawalpuri
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Devanshi Shah
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shruthi Sateesh
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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Yousef M, Babür E, Delibaş S, Tan B, Çimen A, Dursun N, Süer C. Adult-Onset Hypothyroidism Alters the Metaplastic Properties of Dentate Granule Cells by Decreasing Akt Phosphorylation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:647-657. [PMID: 31069661 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The expression of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) governs the subsequent induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal synapses. This process, called metaplasticity, is associated with a transient increase in the levels of several kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt kinase. It has been increasingly realized that the chemical changes in the hippocampus caused by hypothyroidism may be the key underlying causes of the learning deficits, memory loss, and impaired LTP associated with this disease. However, the functional role of thyroid hormones in the "plasticity of synaptic plasticity" has only begun to be elucidated. To address this issue, we sought to determine whether the administration of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) alters the relationship between priming and the induction of subsequent LTP and related signaling molecules. The activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and Akt was measured in the hippocampus at least 95 min after priming onset. We found that priming stimulation at 5 Hz for 3 s negatively impacted the induction of LTP by subsequent tetanic stimulation in hypothyroid animals, as manifested by a more rapid decrease in the fEPSP slope and population spike amplitude. This phenomenon was accompanied by lower levels of phosphorylated Akt in the surgically removed hippocampus of the hypothyroid rats compared to the euthyroid rats. The metaplastic response and the expression of these proteins in the 1-Hz-primed hippocampus were not different between the two groups. These observations suggest that decreased PI3K/Akt signaling may be involved in the compromised metaplastic regulation of LTP observed in hypothyroidism, which may account for the learning difficulties/cognitive impairments associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yousef
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ercan Babür
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Delibaş
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Çimen
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Physiology department of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Predicted amino acid motif repeats in proteins potentially encode extensive multivalent macromolecular assemblies in the human proteome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 54:171-178. [PMID: 30978654 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There are emerging interests in understanding higher order assemblies of biopolymers within and between cells, such as protein-protein and protein-RNA biomolecular condensates. These biomolecular condensates are thought to assemble/disassemble via multivalent interactions, including those mediated particularly by unique repeated amino acid motifs (URM). We asked how common are proteins with such URMs, their incidence and abundance, by exhaustively enumerating repeating motifs of length 3-10 in the human proteome. We found that URMs are very common and widely distributed across the human proteome. Moreover, the number of repetitions and intervals between them do not correlate with their lengths, which suggests that the number of repeats among proteins in the proteome is independent of length, contrary to the notion that short motifs are more abundant then long motifs. Finally, we describe two examples of URMs in proteins known to form higher order biopolymer assemblies: multi-PDZ domain-containing proteins and the FUS family of RNA binding proteins. For the FUS family, we predicted a known sequence 'grammar', specific motifs and interval sequence compositions that are essential to phase separation and material properties of condensates formed by this family of proteins. In PDZ domain-containing proteins we found a novel repeated motif that was surprisingly both within and between individual PDZ domains. We speculate that these motifs could be binding sites for multivalent interactions, a residual result of the mechanism by which PDZ-domain duplications occurred or that the linker sequences between PDZ domains may encode cryptic PDZ domains.
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Kula B, Chen T, Kukley M. Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic? Glia 2019; 67:2071-2091. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kula
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Ting‐Jiun Chen
- Center for Neuroscience ResearchChildren's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center Washington District of Columbia
| | - Maria Kukley
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Research Institute for OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Scheffzek K, Shivalingaiah G. Ras-Specific GTPase-Activating Proteins-Structures, Mechanisms, and Interactions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a031500. [PMID: 30104198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-specific GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) down-regulate the biological activity of Ras proteins by accelerating their intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis, basically by a transition state stabilizing mechanism. Oncogenic Ras is commonly not sensitive to RasGAPs caused by interference of mutants with the electronic or steric requirements of the transition state, resulting in up-regulation of activated Ras in respective cells. RasGAPs are modular proteins containing a helical catalytic RasGAP module surrounded by smaller domains that are frequently involved in the subcellular localization or contributing to regulatory features of their host proteins. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about RasGAP structure, mechanism, regulation, and dual-substrate specificity and discuss in some detail neurofibromin, one of the most important negative Ras regulators in cellular growth control and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Scheffzek
- Division of Biological Chemistry (Biocenter), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giridhar Shivalingaiah
- Division of Biological Chemistry (Biocenter), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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IQGAP-related protein IqgC suppresses Ras signaling during large-scale endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1289-1298. [PMID: 30622175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810268116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis and phagocytosis are evolutionarily conserved forms of bulk endocytosis used by cells to ingest large volumes of fluid and solid particles, respectively. Both processes are regulated by Ras signaling, which is precisely controlled by mechanisms involving Ras GTPase activating proteins (RasGAPs) responsible for terminating Ras activity on early endosomes. While regulation of Ras signaling during large-scale endocytosis in WT Dictyostelium has been, for the most part, attributed to the Dictyostelium ortholog of human RasGAP NF1, in commonly used axenic laboratory strains, this gene is mutated and inactive. Moreover, none of the RasGAPs characterized so far have been implicated in the regulation of Ras signaling in large-scale endocytosis in axenic strains. In this study, we establish, using biochemical approaches and complementation assays in live cells, that Dictyostelium IQGAP-related protein IqgC interacts with active RasG and exhibits RasGAP activity toward this GTPase. Analyses of iqgC - and IqgC-overexpressing cells further revealed participation of this GAP in the regulation of both types of large-scale endocytosis and in cytokinesis. Moreover, given the localization of IqgC to phagosomes and, most prominently, to macropinosomes, we propose IqgC acting as a RasG-specific GAP in large-scale endocytosis. The data presented here functionally distinguish IqgC from other members of the Dictyostelium IQGAP family and call for repositioning of this genuine RasGAP outside of the IQGAP group.
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Depotentiation of Long-Term Potentiation Is Associated with Epitope-Specific Tau Hyper-/Hypophosphorylation in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:193-203. [PMID: 30498986 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that some kinases which are involved in the induction of synaptic plasticity probably modulate tau phosphorylation. However, how depression of potentiated synaptic strength contributes to tau phosphorylation is unclear because of the lack of experiments in which depotentiation of LTP was induced. Field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and population spike (PS) were recorded from the dentate gyrus in response to the perforant pathway stimulation. To induce LTP, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was used, while, for depotentiation of LTP, low-frequency stimulation (LFS) consisting of 900 pulses at 1 Hz was applied 5 min after tetanization. In some experiments, a neutral protocol at 0.033 Hz was applied throughout the experiment without any induction of synaptic plasticity. One-hertz depotentiation protocol was able to decrease fEPSP slope which was previously increased by HFS, whereas no significant change in fEPSP slope and PS amplitude was observed in neutral protocol experiments. Relative to saline infusion, LTP was lower in magnitude and was more reversed by subsequent LFS in the presence of ERK1/2 inhibitor. Western blot experiments indicated that tau protein was hyperphosphorylated at ser416 epitope but rather hypophosphorylated at thr231 epitope in the whole hippocampus upon depotentiation of LTP. These changes concomitantly occurred with a notable increase in the levels of total tau and in the levels of phosphorylated form of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). ERK1/2 inhibition resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of tau at p416Tau when ERK1/2 was inhibited. These findings indicate that some forms of long-term plastic changes might be related with epitope-specific tau phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation in the hippocampus. Therefore, we emphasize that tau may be crucial for physiological learning as well as Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Brown EA, Lautz JD, Davis TR, Gniffke EP, VanSchoiack AAW, Neier SC, Tashbook N, Nicolini C, Fahnestock M, Schrum AG, Smith SEP. Clustering the autisms using glutamate synapse protein interaction networks from cortical and hippocampal tissue of seven mouse models. Mol Autism 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 30237867 PMCID: PMC6139139 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of behaviorally defined disorders and are associated with hundreds of rare genetic mutations and several environmental risk factors. Mouse models of specific risk factors have been successful in identifying molecular mechanisms associated with a given factor. However, comparisons among different models to elucidate underlying common pathways or to define clusters of biologically relevant disease subtypes have been complicated by different methodological approaches or different brain regions examined by the labs that developed each model. Here, we use a novel proteomic technique, quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation or QMI, to make a series of identical measurements of a synaptic protein interaction network in seven different animal models. We aim to identify molecular disruptions that are common to multiple models. Methods QMI was performed on 92 hippocampal and cortical samples taken from seven mouse models of ASD: Shank3B, Shank3Δex4-9, Ube3a2xTG, TSC2, FMR1, and CNTNAP2 mutants, as well as E12.5 VPA (maternal valproic acid injection on day 12.5 post-conception). The QMI panel targeted a network of 16 interacting, ASD-linked, synaptic proteins, probing 240 potential co-associations. A custom non-parametric statistical test was used to call significant differences between ASD models and littermate controls, and Hierarchical Clustering by Principal Components was used to cluster the models using mean log2 fold change values. Results Each model displayed a unique set of disrupted interactions, but some interactions were disrupted in multiple models. These tended to be interactions that are known to change with synaptic activity. Clustering revealed potential relationships among models and suggested deficits in AKT signaling in Ube3a2xTG mice, which were confirmed by phospho-western blots. Conclusions These data highlight the great heterogeneity among models, but suggest that high-dimensional measures of a synaptic protein network may allow differentiation of subtypes of ASD with shared molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Brown
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Tessa R Davis
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA.,3Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Edward P Gniffke
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alison A W VanSchoiack
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA.,Present address: Nanostring, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Steven C Neier
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA.,5Present address: Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,6Present address: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,7Present address: Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Noah Tashbook
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Chiara Nicolini
- 8Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- 8Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Adam G Schrum
- 9Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA.,10Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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50
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Goel RK, Meyer M, Paczkowska M, Reimand J, Vizeacoumar F, Vizeacoumar F, Lam TT, Lukong KE. Global phosphoproteomic analysis identifies SRMS-regulated secondary signaling intermediates. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:16. [PMID: 30140170 PMCID: PMC6098843 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites) is a member of the BRK family kinases (BFKs) which represents an evolutionarily conserved relative of the Src family kinases (SFKs). Tyrosine kinases are known to regulate a number of cellular processes and pathways via phosphorylating substrate proteins directly and/or by partaking in signaling cross-talks leading to the indirect modulation of various signaling intermediates. In a previous study, we profiled the tyrosine-phosphoproteome of SRMS and identified multiple candidate substrates of the kinase. The broader cellular signaling intermediates of SRMS are unknown. Methods In order to uncover the broader SRMS-regulated phosphoproteome and identify the SRMS-regulated indirect signaling intermediates, we performed label-free global phosphoproteomics analysis on cells expressing wild-type SRMS. Using computational database searching and bioinformatics analyses we characterized the dataset. Results Our analyses identified 60 hyperphosphorylated (phosphoserine/phosphothreonine) proteins mapped from 140 hyperphosphorylated peptides. Bioinfomatics analyses identified a number of significantly enriched biological and cellular processes among which DNA repair pathways were found to be upregulated while apoptotic pathways were found to be downregulated. Analyses of motifs derived from the upregulated phosphosites identified Casein kinase 2 alpha (CK2α) as one of the major potential kinases contributing to the SRMS-dependent indirect regulation of signaling intermediates. Conclusions Overall, our phosphoproteomics analyses identified serine/threonine phosphorylation dynamics as important secondary events of the SRMS-regulated phosphoproteome with implications in the regulation of cellular and biological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0143-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Mona Meyer
- 2Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3 Canada
| | - Marta Paczkowska
- 2Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3 Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- 2Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3 Canada.,3Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Frederick Vizeacoumar
- 4Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Franco Vizeacoumar
- 4Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada.,5Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- 6Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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