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Pang S, Wang S, Asad M, Yu J, Lin G, Chen J, Sun C, Huang P, Chang Y, Wei H, Yang G. microRNA-8514-5p regulates adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide receptor to affect development and reproduction of Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38924668 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dicer1 plays a crucial role in regulating the development and reproduction of insects. Knockout of Dicer1 causes pupal deformity, low eclosion and low fecundity in Plutella xylostella, but the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not clear. This study aims to identify differentially-expressed genes and miRNAs in the Dicer1-knockout strain (ΔPxDcr-1) and assess their impact on the reproduction and development of P. xylostella. RESULTS The knockout of Dicer1 affected the expression of genes including the adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide receptor (PxACPR). The expression of PxACPR was upregulated, and the expression of miR-8514-5p was downregulated in ΔPxDcr-1 of P. xylostella. The dual luciferase reporter assay and pull-down assay showed that miR-8514-5p bound to PxACPR in vitro and in vivo. The expression profiles demonstrated a negative correlation between PxACPR mRNA and miR-8514-5p in different developmental stages of the wild-type strain. Both the miR-8514-5p agomir and double-stranded RNA of ACPR (dsPxACPR) injected into the pre-pupae inhibited the mRNA level of PxACPR, causing high mortality and deformity of pupae, and low fecundity and hatching rate, which were consistent with the phenotype of ΔPxDcr-1. The injection of miR-8514-5p antagomir caused a similar phenotype to the injection of miR-8514-5p agomir. Additionally, the injection of miR-8514-5p antagomir significantly rescued the phenotype caused by dsPxACPR. CONCLUSION These results indicate that miR-8514-5p affects the development and reproduction of P. xylostella by regulating PxACPR, and the homeostasis of PxACPR expression is essential for the development and reproduction of P. xylostella. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Asad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Chen
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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2
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He J, Kang L. Regulation of insect behavior by non-coding RNAs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1106-1118. [PMID: 38443665 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The adaptation of insects to environments relies on a sophisticated set of behaviors controlled by molecular and physiological processes. Over the past several decades, accumulating studies have unveiled the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating insect behaviors. ncRNAs assume particularly pivotal roles in the behavioral plasticity of insects by rapidly responding to environmental stimuli. ncRNAs also contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of insects by fine-tuning the expression of target genes. However, a comprehensive review of ncRNAs' roles in regulating insect behaviors has yet to be conducted. Here, we present the recent progress in our understanding of how ncRNAs regulate various insect behaviors, including flight and movement, social behavior, reproduction, learning and memory, and feeding. We refine the intricate mechanisms by which ncRNAs modulate the function of neural, motor, reproductive, and other physiological systems, as well as gene expression in insects like fruit flies, social insects, locusts, and mosquitos. Furthermore, we discuss potential avenues for future studies in ncRNA-mediated insect behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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3
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Ozcelik G, Koca MS, Sunbul B, Yilmaz-Atay F, Demirhan F, Tiryaki B, Cilenk K, Selvi S, Ozturk N. Interactions of drosophila cryptochrome. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38314442 DOI: 10.1111/php.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying the circadian clock in Drosophila, focusing on the light-induced conformational changes in the cryptochrome (DmCry). Upon light exposure, DmCry undergoes conformational changes that prompt its binding to Timeless and Jetlag proteins, initiating a cascade crucial for the starting of a new circadian cycle. DmCry is subsequently degraded, contributing to the desensitization of the resetting mechanism. The transient and short-lived nature of DmCry protein-protein interactions (PPIs), leading to DmCry degradation within an hour of light exposure, presents a challenge for comprehensive exploration. To address this, we employed proximity-dependent biotinylation techniques, combining engineered BioID (TurboID) and APEX (APEX2) enzymes with mass spectrometry. This approach enabled the identification of the in vitro DmCry interactome in Drosophila S2 cells, uncovering several novel PPIs associated with DmCry. Validation of these interactions through a novel co-immunoprecipitation technique enhances the reliability of our findings. Importantly, our study suggests the potential of this method to reveal additional circadian clock- or magnetic field-dependent PPIs involving DmCry. This exploration of the DmCry interactome not only advances our understanding of circadian clock regulation but also establishes a versatile framework for future investigations into light- and time-dependent protein interactions in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serdar Koca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Buket Sunbul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yilmaz-Atay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Feride Demirhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Tiryaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kevser Cilenk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Saba Selvi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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4
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He L, Wu B, Shi J, Du J, Zhao Z. Regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis by clock-mediated Gart in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112912. [PMID: 37531254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is essential for growth and survival of animals; however, relatively little is known about its intrinsic mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that Gart is expressed in the glia, fat body, and gut and positively regulates feeding behavior via cooperation and coordination. Gart in the gut is crucial for maintaining endogenous feeding rhythms and food intake, while Gart in the glia and fat body regulates energy homeostasis between synthesis and metabolism. These roles of Gart further impact Drosophila lifespan. Importantly, Gart expression is directly regulated by the CLOCK/CYCLE heterodimer via canonical E-box, in which the CLOCKs (CLKs) in the glia, fat body, and gut positively regulate Gart of peripheral tissues, while the core CLK in brain negatively controls Gart of peripheral tissues. This study provides insight into the complex and subtle regulatory mechanisms of feeding and lifespan extension in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China.
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5
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Cheng S, Cheng B, Liu L, Yang X, Meng P, Yao Y, Pan C, Zhang J, Li C, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Exome-wide screening identifies novel rare risk variants for major depression disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3069-3074. [PMID: 35365804 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite thousands of common genetic loci of major depression disorders (MDD) have been identified by GWAS to date, a large proportion of genetic variation predisposing to MDD remains unaccounted for. By utilizing the newly released UK Biobank 200,643 exome dataset, we conducted an exome-wide association study to identify rare risk variants contributing to MDD. After quality control, 120,033 participants with MDD polygenic risk scores (PRS) values were included. The individuals with lower 30% quantile of the PRS value were filtered for case and control selecting. Then the cases were set as the individuals with upper 10% quantile of the PHQ depression score and lower 10% quantile were set as controls. Finally, 1612 cases and 1612 controls were included in this study. The variants were annotated by ANNOVRA software. After exclusions, 34,761 qualifying variants, including 148 frameshift variant, 335 non-frameshift variant, 33,758 nonsynonymous, 91 start-loss, 393 stop-gain, 36 stop-loss variants were imported into the SKAT R-package to perform single variants, gene-based burden and robust burden tests with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.01. Single variant association testing identified one variant, rs4057749 (P = 5.39 × 10-9), within OR8B4 gene at an exome-wide significance level. The gene-based burden test of the exonic variants identified genome-wide significant associations in OR8B4 (PSKAT = 6.23 × 10-5, PSKAT Robust = 4.49 × 10-5), TRAPPC11 (PSKAT = 0.014, PSKAT Robust = 0.015), SBK3 (PSKAT = 0.020, PSKAT Robust = 0.025) and TNRC6B (PSKAT = 0.026, PSKAT Robust = 0.036). We identified multiple novel rare risk variants contributing to MDD in the individuals with lower PRS of MDD. The findings can help to broaden the genetic insights of the MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Li W, Trigg JS, Taghert PH. Regulation of PDF receptor signaling controlling daily locomotor rhythms in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010013. [PMID: 35605015 PMCID: PMC9166358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Each day and in conjunction with ambient daylight conditions, neuropeptide PDF regulates the phase and amplitude of locomotor activity rhythms in Drosophila through its receptor, PDFR, a Family B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). We studied the in vivo process by which PDFR signaling turns off, by converting as many as half of the 28 potential sites of phosphorylation in its C terminal tail to a non-phosphorylatable residue (alanine). We report that many such sites are conserved evolutionarily, and their conversion creates a specific behavioral syndrome opposite to loss-of-function phenotypes previously described for pdfr. That syndrome includes increases in the amplitudes of both Morning and Evening behavioral peaks, as well as multi-hour delays of the Evening phase. The precise behavioral effects were dependent on day-length, and most effects mapped to conversion of only a few, specific serine residues near the very end of the protein and specific to its A isoform. Behavioral phase delays of the Evening activity under entraining conditions predicted the phase of activity cycles under constant darkness. The behavioral phenotypes produced by the most severe PDFR variant were ligand-dependent in vivo, and not a consequence of changes to their pharmacological properties, nor of changes in their surface expression, as measured in vitro. The mechanisms underlying termination of PDFR signaling are complex, subject to regulation that is modified by season, and central to a better understanding of the peptidergic modulation of behavior. In multi-cellular organisms, circadian pacemakers create output as a series of phase markers across the 24 hour day to allow other cells to pattern diverse aspects of daily rhythmic physiology and behavior. Within circadian pacemaker circuits, neuropeptide signaling is essential to help promote coherent circadian outputs. In the fruit fly Drosophila 150 neurons are dedicated circadian clocks and they all tell the same time. In spite of such strong synchronization, they provide diverse phasic outputs in the form of their discrete, asynchronous neuronal activity patterns. Neuropeptide signaling breaks the clock-generated symmetry and drives many pacemakers away from their preferred activity period in the morning. Each day, neuropeptide PDF is released by Morning pacemakers and delays the phase of activity of specific other pacemakers to later parts of the day or night. When and how the PDF that is released in the morning stops acting is unknown. Furthermore, timing of signal termination is not fixed because day length changes each day, hence the modulatory delay exerted by PDF must itself be regulated. Here we test a canonical model of G protein-coupled receptor physiology to ask how PDF receptor signaling is normally de-activated. We use behavioral measures to define sequence elements of the receptor whose post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) may define the duration of receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Trigg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul H. Taghert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Foley LE, Ling J, Joshi R, Evantal N, Kadener S, Emery P. Drosophila PSI controls circadian period and the phase of circadian behavior under temperature cycle via tim splicing. eLife 2019; 8:50063. [PMID: 31702555 PMCID: PMC6890465 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila circadian pacemaker consists of transcriptional feedback loops subjected to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. While post-translational regulatory mechanisms have been studied in detail, much less is known about circadian post-transcriptional control. Thus, we targeted 364 RNA binding and RNA associated proteins with RNA interference. Among the 43 hits we identified was the alternative splicing regulator P-element somatic inhibitor (PSI). PSI regulates the thermosensitive alternative splicing of timeless (tim), promoting splicing events favored at warm temperature over those increased at cold temperature. Psi downregulation shortens the period of circadian rhythms and advances the phase of circadian behavior under temperature cycle. Interestingly, both phenotypes were suppressed in flies that could produce TIM proteins only from a transgene that cannot form the thermosensitive splicing isoforms. Therefore, we conclude that PSI regulates the period of Drosophila circadian rhythms and circadian behavior phase during temperature cycling through its modulation of the tim splicing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Foley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Jinli Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Kadener
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
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8
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Shaw B, Fountain M, Wijnen H. Control of Daily Locomotor Activity Patterns in Drosophila suzukii by the Circadian Clock, Light, Temperature and Social Interactions. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:463-481. [PMID: 31436123 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419869085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding behavioral rhythms in a pest species can contribute to improving the efficacy of control methods targeting that pest. However, in some species, the behavioral patterns recorded in artificial conditions contrast greatly with observed wild-type behavioral rhythms. In this study, we identify the determinants of daily activity rhythms of the soft and stone fruit pest Drosophila suzukii. The impact of gender, space, social housing, temperature, light, fly morph, and the circadian clock on D. suzukii locomotor rhythms was investigated. Assays were performed under artificial laboratory conditions or more natural semifield conditions to identify how these factors affected daily locomotor behavior. Daily locomotor activity patterns collected under semifield conditions varied very little between the various sex and social condition combinations. However, in lab-based assays, individual and group-housed males often exhibited divergent activity patterns, with more prominent hyperactivity at light/dark transitions. In contrast, hyperactivity responses were suppressed under lab protocols mimicking summer conditions for groups of females and mixed-sex groups. Moreover, when environmental cues were removed, flies held in groups displayed stronger rhythmicity than individual flies. Thus, social interactions can reinforce circadian behavior and resist hyperactivity responses in D. suzukii. Fly morph appeared to have little impact on behavioral pattern, with winter and summer morph flies displaying similar activity profiles under April semifield and laboratory mimic environmental conditions. In conclusion, separate and combined effects of light, temperature, circadian clock function, and social interactions were apparent in the daily activity profiles of D. suzukii. When groups of female or mixed-sex flies were used, implementation of matching photoperiods and realistic daily temperature gradients in the lab was sufficient to re-create behavioral patterns observed in summer semifield settings. The ability to leverage lab assays to predict D. suzukii field behavior promises to be a valuable asset in improving control measures for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Shaw
- NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent, UK.,School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Herman Wijnen
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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9
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Nian X, Chen W, Bai W, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. miR-263b Controls Circadian Behavior and the Structural Plasticity of Pacemaker Neurons by Regulating the LIM-Only Protein Beadex. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080923. [PMID: 31426557 PMCID: PMC6721658 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Circadian clocks drive rhythmic physiology and behavior to allow adaption to daily environmental changes. In Drosophila, the small ventral lateral neurons (sLNvs) are primary pacemakers that control circadian rhythms. Circadian changes are observed in the dorsal axonal projections of the sLNvs, but their physiological importance and the underlying mechanism are unclear. Here, we identified miR-263b as an important regulator of circadian rhythms and structural plasticity of sLNvs in Drosophila. Depletion of miR-263b (miR-263bKO) in flies dramatically impaired locomotor rhythms under constant darkness. Indeed, miR-263b is required for the structural plasticity of sLNvs. miR-263b regulates circadian rhythms through inhibition of expression of the LIM-only protein Beadex (Bx). Consistently, overexpression of Bx or loss-of-function mutation (BxhdpR26) phenocopied miR-263bKO and miR-263b overexpression in behavior and molecular characteristics. In addition, mutating the miR-263b binding sites in the Bx 3' UTR using CRISPR/Cas9 recapitulated the circadian phenotypes of miR-263bKO flies. Together, these results establish miR-263b as an important regulator of circadian locomotor behavior and structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Nian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weiwei Bai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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10
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Niu Y, Liu Z, Nian X, Xu X, Zhang Y. miR-210 controls the evening phase of circadian locomotor rhythms through repression of Fasciclin 2. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007655. [PMID: 31356596 PMCID: PMC6687186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks control the timing of animal behavioral and physiological rhythms. Fruit flies anticipate daily environmental changes and exhibit two peaks of locomotor activity around dawn and dusk. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation. Here we identify Drosophila miR-210 as a critical regulator of circadian rhythms. Under light-dark conditions, flies lacking miR-210 (miR-210KO) exhibit a dramatic 2 hrs phase advance of evening anticipatory behavior. However, circadian rhythms and molecular pacemaker function are intact in miR-210KO flies under constant darkness. Furthermore, we identify that miR-210 determines the evening phase of activity through repression of the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin 2 (Fas2). Ablation of the miR-210 binding site within the 3' UTR of Fas2 (Fas2ΔmiR-210) by CRISPR-Cas9 advances the evening phase as in miR-210KO. Indeed, miR-210 genetically interacts with Fas2. Moreover, Fas2 abundance is significantly increased in the optic lobe of miR-210KO. In addition, overexpression of Fas2 in the miR-210 expressing cells recapitulates the phase advance behavior phenotype of miR-210KO. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-210 regulates circadian locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Niu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Xiaoge Nian
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehan Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
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11
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Curran JA, Buhl E, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Hodge JJL. Age-dependent changes in clock neuron structural plasticity and excitability are associated with a decrease in circadian output behavior and sleep. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:158-168. [PMID: 30825692 PMCID: PMC6491500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging has significant effects on circadian behavior across a wide variety of species, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated the age-dependent decline in behavioral output in the model organism Drosophila. We demonstrate that this age-dependent decline in circadian output is combined with changes in daily activity of Drosophila. Aging also has a large impact on sleep behavior, significantly increasing sleep duration while reducing latency. We used electrophysiology to record from large ventral lateral neurons of the Drosophila circadian clock, finding a significant decrease in input resistance with age but no significant changes in spontaneous electrical activity or membrane potential. We propose this change contributes to observed behavioral and sleep changes in light-dark conditions. We also demonstrate a reduction in the daily plasticity of the architecture of the small ventral lateral neurons, likely underlying the reduction in circadian rhythmicity during aging. These results provide further insights into the effect of aging on circadian biology, demonstrating age-related changes in electrical activity in conjunction with the decline in behavioral outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Curran
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edgar Buhl
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James J L Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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12
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Anreiter I, Biergans SD, Sokolowski MB. Epigenetic regulation of behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Song Q, Feng G, Zhang J, Xia X, Ji M, Lv L, Ping Y. NMDA Receptor-mediated Ca2+ Influx in the Absence of Mg2+ Block Disrupts Rest: Activity Rhythms in Drosophila. Sleep 2018; 40:4330652. [PMID: 29029290 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives The correlated activation of pre- and postsynaptic neurons is essential for the NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx by removing Mg2+ from block site and NMDA receptors have been implicated in phase resetting of circadian clocks. So we assessed rest:activity rhythms in Mg2+ block defective animals. Methods Using Drosophila locomotor monitoring system, we checked circadian rest:activity rhythms of different mutants under constant darkness (DD) and light:dark (LD) conditions. We recorded NMDA receptor-mediated currents or Ca2+ increase in neurons using patch-clamp and Ca2+ imaging techniques. Results We found that Mg2+ block defective mutant flies were completely arrhythmic under DD. To further understand the role of Mg2+ block in daily circadian rest:activity, we observed the mutant files under LD cycles, and we found severely reduced morning anticipation and advanced evening peak compared to control flies. We also used tissue-specific expression of Mg2+ block defective NMDA receptors and demonstrated pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR)-expressing circadian neurons were implicated in mediating the circadian rest:activity deficits. Endogenous functional NMDA receptors are expressed in most Drosophila neurons, including in a subgroup of dorsal neurons (DN1s). Subsequently, we determined that the uncorrelated extra Ca2+ influx may act in part through Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated PDE1c pathway leading to morning behavior phenotypes. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Mg2+ block of NMDA receptors at resting potential is essential for the daily circadian rest:activity rhythms and we propose that Mg2+ block functions to suppress CaM-stimulated PDE1c activation at resting potential, thus regulating Ca2+ and cyclic AMP oscillations in circadian and sleep circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Feng
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechun Xia
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yong Ping
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Regulation of Circadian Behavior by Astroglial MicroRNAs in Drosophila. Genetics 2018; 208:1195-1207. [PMID: 29487148 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a genome-wide microRNA (miRNA)-based screen to identify brain glial cell functions required for circadian behavior. To identify glial miRNAs that regulate circadian rhythmicity, we employed a collection of "miR-sponges" to inhibit miRNA function in a glia-specific manner. Our initial screen identified 20 glial miRNAs that regulate circadian behavior. We studied two miRNAs, miR-263b and miR-274, in detail and found that both function in adult astrocytes to regulate behavior. Astrocyte-specific inhibition of miR-263b or miR-274 in adults acutely impairs circadian locomotor activity rhythms with no effect on glial or clock neuronal cell viability. To identify potential RNA targets of miR-263b and miR-274, we screened 35 predicted miRNA targets, employing RNA interference-based approaches. Glial knockdown of two putative miR-274 targets, CG4328 and MESK2, resulted in significantly decreased rhythmicity. Homology of the miR-274 targets to mammalian counterparts suggests mechanisms that might be relevant for the glial regulation of rhythmicity.
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15
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Zheng Y, Xue Y, Ren X, Liu M, Li X, Jia Y, Niu Y, Ni JQ, Zhang Y, Ji JY. The Lysine Demethylase dKDM2 Is Non-essential for Viability, but Regulates Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila. Front Genet 2018; 9:354. [PMID: 30233643 PMCID: PMC6131532 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones, such as histone methylation controlled by specific methyltransferases and demethylases, play critical roles in modulating chromatin dynamics and transcription in eukaryotes. Misregulation of histone methylation can lead to aberrant gene expression, thereby contributing to abnormal development and diseases such as cancer. As such, the mammalian lysine-specific demethylase 2 (KDM2) homologs, KDM2A and KDM2B, are either oncogenic or tumor suppressive depending on specific pathological contexts. However, the role of KDM2 proteins during development remains poorly understood. Unlike vertebrates, Drosophila has only one KDM2 homolog (dKDM2), but its functions in vivo remain elusive due to the complexities of the existing mutant alleles. To address this problem, we have generated two dKdm2 null alleles using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. These dKdm2 homozygous mutants are fully viable and fertile, with no developmental defects observed under laboratory conditions. However, the dKdm2 null mutant adults display defects in circadian rhythms. Most of the dKdm2 mutants become arrhythmic under constant darkness, while the circadian period of the rhythmic mutant flies is approximately 1 h shorter than the control. Interestingly, lengthened circadian periods are observed when dKDM2 is overexpressed in circadian pacemaker neurons. Taken together, these results demonstrate that dKdm2 is not essential for viability; instead, dKDM2 protein plays important roles in regulating circadian rhythms in Drosophila. Further analyses of the molecular mechanisms of dKDM2 and its orthologs in vertebrates regarding the regulation of circadian rhythms will advance our understanding of the epigenetic regulations of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Xingjie Ren
- Gene Regulatory Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yu Jia
- Gene Regulatory Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jian-Quan Ni
- Gene Regulatory Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
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16
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Chatterjee A, Lamaze A, De J, Mena W, Chélot E, Martin B, Hardin P, Kadener S, Emery P, Rouyer F. Reconfiguration of a Multi-oscillator Network by Light in the Drosophila Circadian Clock. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2007-2017.e4. [PMID: 29910074 PMCID: PMC6039274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The brain clock that drives circadian rhythms of locomotor activity relies on a multi-oscillator neuronal network. In addition to synchronizing the clock with day-night cycles, light also reformats the clock-driven daily activity pattern. How changes in lighting conditions modify the contribution of the different oscillators to remodel the daily activity pattern remains largely unknown. Our data in Drosophila indicate that light readjusts the interactions between oscillators through two different modes. We show that a morning s-LNv > DN1p circuit works in series, whereas two parallel evening circuits are contributed by LNds and other DN1ps. Based on the photic context, the master pacemaker in the s-LNv neurons swaps its enslaved partner-oscillator-LNd in the presence of light or DN1p in the absence of light-to always link up with the most influential phase-determining oscillator. When exposure to light further increases, the light-activated LNd pacemaker becomes independent by decoupling from the s-LNvs. The calibration of coupling by light is layered on a clock-independent network interaction wherein light upregulates the expression of the PDF neuropeptide in the s-LNvs, which inhibits the behavioral output of the DN1p evening oscillator. Thus, light modifies inter-oscillator coupling and clock-independent output-gating to achieve flexibility in the network. It is likely that the light-induced changes in the Drosophila brain circadian network could reveal general principles of adapting to varying environmental cues in any neuronal multi-oscillator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Angélique Lamaze
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joydeep De
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wilson Mena
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elisabeth Chélot
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Béatrice Martin
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul Hardin
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-3258, USA
| | | | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - François Rouyer
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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17
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Role of GW182 protein in the cell. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 101:29-38. [PMID: 29791863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GW182 proteins interact directly with the argonaute proteins and constitute key components of miRNA repressor complexes (miRISC) in metazoans. As argonautes are insufficient for silencing they recruit the GW182 s that act as scaffold proteins inducing downstream translational repression, target mRNA deadenylation and exonucleolytic mRNA degradation. Besides their role as part of repressor complexes inside the cell, they function in wide variety of cellular processes as highlighted in this review. The present review summarises and discusses in detail our current knowledge of the GW182 s and their role inside the cell.
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18
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Xue Y, Zhang Y. Emerging roles for microRNA in the regulation of Drosophila circadian clock. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 29338692 PMCID: PMC5769547 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian clock, which operates within an approximately 24-h period, is closely linked to the survival and fitness of almost all living organisms. The circadian clock is generated through a negative transcription-translation feedback loop. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs comprised of approximately 22 nucleotides that post-transcriptionally regulate target mRNA by either inducing mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. Results In recent years, miRNAs have been found to play important roles in the regulation of the circadian clock, especially in Drosophila. In this review, we will use fruit flies as an example, and summarize the progress achieved in the study of miRNA-mediated clock regulation. Three main aspects of the circadian clock, namely, the free-running period, locomotion phase, and circadian amplitude, are discussed in detail in the context of how miRNAs are involved in these regulations. In addition, approaches regarding the discovery of circadian-related miRNAs and their targets are also discussed. Conclusions Research in the last decade suggests that miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation is crucial to the generation and maintenance of a robust circadian clock in animals. In flies, miRNAs are known to modulate circadian rhythmicity and the free-running period, as well as circadian outputs. Further characterization of miRNAs, especially in the circadian input, will be a vital step toward a more comprehensive understanding of the functions underlying miRNA-control of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Xue
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557-0315, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557-0315, USA.
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19
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Drosophila: An Emergent Model for Delineating Interactions between the Circadian Clock and Drugs of Abuse. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4723836. [PMID: 29391952 PMCID: PMC5748135 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4723836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators orchestrate rhythms at the cellular, physiological, and behavioral levels across species to coordinate activity, for example, sleep/wake cycles, metabolism, and learning and memory, with predictable environmental cycles. The 21st century has seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders with globalization, technological advances, and the use of personal electronics. The circadian clock modulates alcohol- and drug-induced behaviors with circadian misalignment contributing to increased substance use and abuse. Invertebrate models, such as Drosophila melanogaster, have proven invaluable for the identification of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying highly conserved processes including the circadian clock, drug tolerance, and reward systems. In this review, we highlight the contributions of Drosophila as a model system for understanding the bidirectional interactions between the circadian system and the drugs of abuse, alcohol and cocaine, and illustrate the highly conserved nature of these interactions between Drosophila and mammalian systems. Research in Drosophila provides mechanistic insights into the corresponding behaviors in higher organisms and can be used as a guide for targeted inquiries in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K. De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C. Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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20
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Lee J, Yoo E, Lee H, Park K, Hur JH, Lim C. LSM12 and ME31B/DDX6 Define Distinct Modes of Posttranscriptional Regulation by ATAXIN-2 Protein Complex in Drosophila Circadian Pacemaker Neurons. Mol Cell 2017; 66:129-140.e7. [PMID: 28388438 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ATAXIN-2 (ATX2) has been implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases, yet it remains elusive how ATX2 assembles specific protein complexes to execute its physiological roles. Here we employ the posttranscriptional co-activator function of Drosophila ATX2 to demonstrate that LSM12 and ME31B/DDX6 are two ATX2-associating factors crucial for sustaining circadian rhythms. LSM12 acts as a molecular adaptor for the recruitment of TWENTY-FOUR (TYF) to ATX2. The ATX2-LSM12-TYF complex thereby stimulates TYF-dependent translation of the rate-limiting clock gene period (per) to maintain 24 hr periodicity in circadian behaviors. In contrast, ATX2 contributes to NOT1-mediated gene silencing and associates with NOT1 in a ME31B/DDX6-dependent manner. The ME31B/DDX6-NOT1 complex does not affect PER translation but supports high-amplitude behavioral rhythms along with ATX2, indicating a PER-independent clock function of ATX2. Taken together, these data suggest that the ATX2 complex may switch distinct modes of posttranscriptional regulation through its associating factors to control circadian clocks and ATX2-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbo Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhee Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoe Hur
- UNIST-Olympus Biomed Imaging Center, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kalmbach DA, Schneider LD, Cheung J, Bertrand SJ, Kariharan T, Pack AI, Gehrman PR. Genetic Basis of Chronotype in Humans: Insights From Three Landmark GWAS. Sleep 2017; 40:2662182. [PMID: 28364486 PMCID: PMC6084759 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Chronotype, or diurnal preference, refers to behavioral manifestations of the endogenous circadian system that governs preferred timing of sleep and wake. As variations in circadian timing and system perturbations are linked to disease development, the fundamental biology of chronotype has received attention for its role in the regulation and dysregulation of sleep and related illnesses. Family studies indicate that chronotype is a heritable trait, thus directing attention toward its genetic basis. Although discoveries from molecular studies of candidate genes have shed light onto its genetic architecture, the contribution of genetic variation to chronotype has remained unclear with few related variants identified. In the advent of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), scientists now have the ability to discover novel common genetic variants associated with complex phenotypes. Three recent large-scale GWASs of chronotype were conducted on subjects of European ancestry from the 23andMe cohort and the UK Biobank. This review discusses the findings of these landmark GWASs in the context of prior research. Methods We systematically reviewed and compared methodological and analytical approaches and results across the three GWASs of chronotype. Results A good deal of consistency was observed across studies with 9 genes identified in 2 of the 3 GWASs. Several genes previously unknown to influence chronotype were identified. Conclusions GWAS is an important tool in identifying common variants associated with the complex chronotype phenotype, the findings of which can supplement and guide molecular science. Future directions in model systems and discovery of rare variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kalmbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Logan D Schneider
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94063
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94063
| | - Sarah J Bertrand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Thiruchelvam Kariharan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Allan I Pack
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Cycles of circadian illuminance are sufficient to entrain and maintain circadian locomotor rhythms in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37784. [PMID: 27883065 PMCID: PMC5121609 DOI: 10.1038/srep37784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light at night disrupts the circadian clock and causes serious health problems in the modern world. Here, we show that newly developed four-package light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can provide harmless lighting at night. To quantify the effects of light on the circadian clock, we employed the concept of circadian illuminance (CIL). CIL represents the amount of light weighted toward the wavelengths to which the circadian clock is most sensitive, whereas visual illuminance (VIL) represents the total amount of visible light. Exposure to 12 h:12 h cycles of white LED light with high and low CIL values but a constant VIL value (conditions hereafter referred to as CH/CL) can entrain behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in flies. Moreover, flies re-entrain to phase shift in the CH/CL cycle. Core-clock proteins are required for the rhythmic behaviors seen with this LED lighting scheme. Taken together, this study provides a guide for designing healthful white LED lights for use at night, and proposes the use of the CIL value for estimating the harmful effects of any light source on organismal health.
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Dissel S, Klose M, Donlea J, Cao L, English D, Winsky-Sommerer R, van Swinderen B, Shaw PJ. Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits and underlying pathology in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2016; 2:15-26. [PMID: 29094110 PMCID: PMC5662006 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that sleep can reverse cognitive impairment during Alzheimer's disease, we enhanced sleep in flies either co-expressing human amyloid precursor protein and Beta-secretase (APP:BACE), or in flies expressing human tau. The ubiquitous expression of APP:BACE or human tau disrupted sleep. The sleep deficits could be reversed and sleep could be enhanced when flies were administered the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP). Expressing APP:BACE disrupted both Short-term memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM) as assessed using Aversive Phototaxic Suppression (APS) and courtship conditioning. Flies expressing APP:BACE also showed reduced levels of the synaptic protein discs large (DLG). Enhancing sleep in memory-impaired APP:BACE flies fully restored both STM and LTM and restored DLG levels. Sleep also restored STM to flies expressing human tau. Using live-brain imaging of individual clock neurons expressing both tau and the cAMP sensor Epac1-camps, we found that tau disrupted cAMP signaling. Importantly, enhancing sleep in flies expressing human tau restored proper cAMP signaling. Thus, we demonstrate that sleep can be used as a therapeutic to reverse deficits that accrue during the expression of toxic peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. THIP can be used to enhance sleep in two Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits in fly's expressing human APP:BACE and tau. Enhanced sleep restores cAMP levels in clock neurons expressing tau. Sleep can be used as a therapeutic to reverse Alzheimer's disease related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Dissel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Markus Klose
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeff Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California: Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Denis English
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Paul J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
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miR-124 Regulates Diverse Aspects of Rhythmic Behavior in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3414-21. [PMID: 27013671 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3287-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Circadian clocks enable organisms to anticipate and adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Despite substantial knowledge of central clock machineries, we have less understanding of how the central clock's behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identify Drosophila miR-124 as a critical regulator of diurnal activity. During normal light/dark cycles, mir-124 mutants exhibit profoundly abnormal locomotor activity profiles, including loss of anticipatory capacities at morning and evening transitions. Moreover,mir-124 mutants exhibited striking behavioral alterations in constant darkness (DD), including a temporal advance in peak activity. Nevertheless, anatomical and functional tests demonstrate a normal circadian pacemaker in mir-124 mutants, indicating this miRNA regulates clock output. Among the extensive miR-124 target network, heterozygosity for targets in the BMP pathway substantially corrected the evening activity phase shift in DD. Thus, excess BMP signaling drives specific circadian behavioral output defects in mir-124 knock-outs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Circadian clocks control rhythmic behaviors of most life-forms. Despite extensive knowledge of the central clock, there is less understanding of how its behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identify a conserved neural microRNA as a critical regulator of diurnal behavior. We find Drosophila mir-124 mutants exhibit robust activity abnormalities during normal light/dark cycles and during constant darkness. Nevertheless, as the central pacemaker is functional in these mutants, miR-124 regulates clock output. We provide mechanistic insight by showing deregulation of miR-124 targets in BMP signaling drives specific mir-124 defects. In summary,Drosophila mir-124 mutants reveal post-transcriptional control of circadian activities, and impact of BMP signaling in behavioral output.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Animals use circadian rhythms to anticipate daily environmental changes. Circadian clocks have a profound effect on behavior. In Drosophila, for example, brain pacemaker neurons dictate that flies are mostly active at dawn and dusk. miRNAs are small, regulatory RNAs (≈22 nt) that play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Here, we identify miR-124 as an important regulator of Drosophila circadian locomotor rhythms. Under constant darkness, flies lacking miR-124 (miR-124(KO)) have a dramatically advanced circadian behavior phase. However, whereas a phase defect is usually caused by a change in the period of the circadian pacemaker, this is not the case in miR-124(KO) flies. Moreover, the phase of the circadian pacemaker in the clock neurons that control rhythmic locomotion is not altered either. Therefore, miR-124 modulates the output of circadian clock neurons rather than controlling their molecular pacemaker. Circadian phase is also advanced under temperature cycles, but a light/dark cycle partially corrects the defects in miR-124(KO) flies. Indeed, miR-124(KO) shows a normal evening phase under the latter conditions, but morning behavioral activity is suppressed. In summary, miR-124 controls diurnal activity and determines the phase of circadian locomotor behavior without affecting circadian pacemaker function. It thus provides a potent entry point to elucidate the mechanisms by which the phase of circadian behavior is determined. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In animals, molecular circadian clocks control the timing of behavioral activities to optimize them with the day/night cycle. This is critical for their fitness and survival. The mechanisms by which the phase of circadian behaviors is determined downstream of the molecular pacemakers are not yet well understood. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs are important regulators of circadian outputs. We found that miR-124 shapes diurnal behavioral activity and has a striking impact on the phase of circadian locomotor behavior. Surprisingly, the period and phase of the neural circadian pacemakers driving locomotor rhythms are unaffected. Therefore, miR-124 is a critical modulator of the circadian output pathways that control circadian behavioral rhythms.
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Klose M, Duvall L, Li W, Liang X, Ren C, Steinbach JH, Taghert PH. Functional PDF Signaling in the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Is Gated by Ral A-Dependent Modulation. Neuron 2016; 90:781-794. [PMID: 27161526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide PDF promotes the normal sequencing of circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila, but its signaling mechanisms are not well understood. We report daily rhythmicity in responsiveness to PDF in critical pacemakers called small LNvs. There is a daily change in potency, as great as 10-fold higher, around dawn. The rhythm persists in constant darkness and does not require endogenous ligand (PDF) signaling or rhythmic receptor gene transcription. Furthermore, rhythmic responsiveness reflects the properties of the pacemaker cell type, not the receptor. Dopamine responsiveness also cycles, in phase with that of PDF, in the same pacemakers, but does not cycle in large LNv. The activity of RalA GTPase in s-LNv regulates PDF responsiveness and behavioral locomotor rhythms. Additionally, cell-autonomous PDF signaling reversed the circadian behavioral effects of lowered RalA activity. Thus, RalA activity confers high PDF responsiveness, providing a daily gate around the dawn hours to promote functional PDF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Klose
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Laura Duvall
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xitong Liang
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Chi Ren
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Joe Henry Steinbach
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Paul H Taghert
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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27
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Lane JM, Vlasac I, Anderson SG, Kyle SD, Dixon WG, Bechtold DA, Gill S, Little MA, Luik A, Loudon A, Emsley R, Scheer FAJL, Lawlor DA, Redline S, Ray DW, Rutter MK, Saxena R. Genome-wide association analysis identifies novel loci for chronotype in 100,420 individuals from the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10889. [PMID: 26955885 PMCID: PMC4786869 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our sleep timing preference, or chronotype, is a manifestation of our internal biological clock. Variation in chronotype has been linked to sleep disorders, cognitive and physical performance, and chronic disease. Here we perform a genome-wide association study of self-reported chronotype within the UK Biobank cohort (n=100,420). We identify 12 new genetic loci that implicate known components of the circadian clock machinery and point to previously unstudied genetic variants and candidate genes that might modulate core circadian rhythms or light-sensing pathways. Pathway analyses highlight central nervous and ocular systems and fear-response-related processes. Genetic correlation analysis suggests chronotype shares underlying genetic pathways with schizophrenia, educational attainment and possibly BMI. Further, Mendelian randomization suggests that evening chronotype relates to higher educational attainment. These results not only expand our knowledge of the circadian system in humans but also expose the influence of circadian characteristics over human health and life-history variables such as educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Human Genetic Research Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Irma Vlasac
- Center for Human Genetic Research Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Simon G. Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX12JD, UK
| | - William G. Dixon
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - David A. Bechtold
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Shubhroz Gill
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Max A. Little
- Department of Mathematics, Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Annemarie Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX12JD, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS81TH, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS81TH, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David W. Ray
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Langenhan T, Barr MM, Bruchas MR, Ewer J, Griffith LC, Maiellaro I, Taghert PH, White BH, Monk KR. Model Organisms in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Research. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:596-603. [PMID: 25979002 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has benefited greatly from experimental approaches that interrogate their functions in controlled, artificial environments. Working in vitro, GPCR receptorologists discovered the basic biologic mechanisms by which GPCRs operate, including their eponymous capacity to couple to G proteins; their molecular makeup, including the famed serpentine transmembrane unit; and ultimately, their three-dimensional structure. Although the insights gained from working outside the native environments of GPCRs have allowed for the collection of low-noise data, such approaches cannot directly address a receptor's native (in vivo) functions. An in vivo approach can complement the rigor of in vitro approaches: as studied in model organisms, it imposes physiologic constraints on receptor action and thus allows investigators to deduce the most salient features of receptor function. Here, we briefly discuss specific examples in which model organisms have successfully contributed to the elucidation of signals controlled through GPCRs and other surface receptor systems. We list recent examples that have served either in the initial discovery of GPCR signaling concepts or in their fuller definition. Furthermore, we selectively highlight experimental advantages, shortcomings, and tools of each model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langenhan
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Maureen M Barr
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - John Ewer
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Leslie C Griffith
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Isabella Maiellaro
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Paul H Taghert
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Benjamin H White
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology (T.L.), and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center (I.M.), University of Würzburg, Germany, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.M.B.); Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center (M.R.B.), Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (M.R.B., P.H.T.), and Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, (K.R.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile (J.E.); National Center of Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (L.C.G.); and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (B.H.W.)
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Tataroglu O, Emery P. The molecular ticks of the Drosophila circadian clock. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 7:51-57. [PMID: 26120561 PMCID: PMC4480617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila is a powerful model to understand the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms. The Drosophila molecular clock is comprised of transcriptional feedback loops. The expressions of the critical transcriptional activator CLK and its repressors PER and TIM are under tight transcriptional control. However, posttranslational modification of these proteins and regulation of their stability are critical to their function and to the generation of 24-hr period rhythms. We review here recent progress made in our understanding of PER, TIM and CLK posttranslational control. We also review recent studies that are uncovering the importance of novel regulatory mechanisms that affect mRNA stability and translation of circadian pacemaker proteins and their output.
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Risau-Gusman S, Gleiser PM. A mathematical model of communication between groups of circadian neurons in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms 2014; 29:401-10. [PMID: 25416595 DOI: 10.1177/0748730414557865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the fruit fly, circadian behavior is controlled by a small number of specialized neurons, whose molecular clocks are relatively well known. However, much less is known about how these neurons communicate among themselves. In particular, only 1 circadian neuropeptide, pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), has been identified, and most aspects of its interaction with the molecular clock remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, it is speculated that many other peptides should contribute to circadian communication. We have developed a relatively detailed model of the 2 main groups of circadian pacemaker neurons (sLNvs and LNds) to investigate these issues. We have proposed many possible mechanisms for the interaction between the synchronization factors and the molecular clock, and we have compared the outputs with the experimental results reported in the literature both for the wild-type and PDF-null mutant. We have studied how different the properties of each neuron should be to account for the observations reported for the sLNvs in the mutant. We have found that only a few mechanisms, mostly related to the slowing down of nuclear entry of a circadian protein, can synchronize neurons that present these differences. Detailed immunofluorescent recordings have suggested that, whereas in the mutant, LNd neurons are synchronized, in the wild-type, a subset of the LNds oscillate faster than the rest. With our model, we find that a more likely explanation for the same observations is that this subset is being driven outside its synchronization range and displays therefore a complex pattern of oscillation.
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Kunst M, Tso MCF, Ghosh DD, Herzog ED, Nitabach MN. Rhythmic control of activity and sleep by class B1 GPCRs. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 50:18-30. [PMID: 25410535 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.985815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the class B1 family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) whose ligands are neuropeptides have been implicated in regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep in diverse metazoan clades. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which class B1 GPCRs, especially the mammalian VPAC2 receptor and its functional homologue PDFR in Drosophila and C. elegans, regulate arousal and daily rhythms of sleep and wake. There are remarkable parallels in the cellular and molecular roles played by class B1 intercellular signaling pathways in coordinating arousal and circadian timekeeping across multiple cells and tissues in these very different genetic model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunst
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA and
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Shafer OT, Yao Z. Pigment-Dispersing Factor Signaling and Circadian Rhythms in Insect Locomotor Activity. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 1:73-80. [PMID: 25386391 PMCID: PMC4224320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Though expressed in relatively few neurons in insect nervous systems, pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) plays many roles in the control of behavior and physiology. PDF's role in circadian timekeeping is its best-understood function and the focus of this review. Here we recount the isolation and characterization of insect PDFs, review the evidence that PDF acts as a circadian clock output factor, and discuss emerging models of how PDF functions within circadian clock neuron network of Drosophila, the species in which this peptide's circadian roles are best understood.
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Seluzicki A, Flourakis M, Kula-Eversole E, Zhang L, Kilman V, Allada R. Dual PDF signaling pathways reset clocks via TIMELESS and acutely excite target neurons to control circadian behavior. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001810. [PMID: 24643294 PMCID: PMC3958333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular circadian clocks are interconnected via neural networks. In Drosophila, PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) acts as a master network regulator with dual functions in synchronizing molecular oscillations between disparate PDF(+) and PDF(-) circadian pacemaker neurons and controlling pacemaker neuron output. Yet the mechanisms by which PDF functions are not clear. We demonstrate that genetic inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) in PDF(-) clock neurons can phenocopy PDF mutants while activated PKA can partially rescue PDF receptor mutants. PKA subunit transcripts are also under clock control in non-PDF DN1p neurons. To address the core clock target of PDF, we rescued per in PDF neurons of arrhythmic per⁰¹ mutants. PDF neuron rescue induced high amplitude rhythms in the clock component TIMELESS (TIM) in per-less DN1p neurons. Complete loss of PDF or PKA inhibition also results in reduced TIM levels in non-PDF neurons of per⁰¹ flies. To address how PDF impacts pacemaker neuron output, we focally applied PDF to DN1p neurons and found that it acutely depolarizes and increases firing rates of DN1p neurons. Surprisingly, these effects are reduced in the presence of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, yet persist in the presence of PKA inhibition. We have provided evidence for a signaling mechanism (PKA) and a molecular target (TIM) by which PDF resets and synchronizes clocks and demonstrates an acute direct excitatory effect of PDF on target neurons to control neuronal output. The identification of TIM as a target of PDF signaling suggests it is a multimodal integrator of cell autonomous clock, environmental light, and neural network signaling. Moreover, these data reveal a bifurcation of PKA-dependent clock effects and PKA-independent output effects. Taken together, our results provide a molecular and cellular basis for the dual functions of PDF in clock resetting and pacemaker output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Seluzicki
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthieu Flourakis
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elzbieta Kula-Eversole
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Valerie Kilman
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The circadian clock choreographs fundamental biological rhythms. This system is comprised of the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and associated pacemakers in other tissues that coordinate complex physiological processes and behaviors, such as sleep, feeding, and metabolism. The molecular circuitry that underlies these clocks and orchestrates circadian gene expression has been the focus of intensive investigation, and it is becoming clear that epigenetic factors are highly integrated into these networks. In this review, we draw attention to the fundamental roles played by epigenetic mechanisms in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation within the circadian clock system. We also highlight how alterations in epigenetic factors and mechanisms are being linked with sleep-wake disorders. These observations provide important insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of these disorders and implicate epigenetic deregulation in the significant but poorly understood interconnections now emerging between circadian processes and neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Qureshi
- Roslyn and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mark F. Mehler
- Roslyn and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Ruth S. and David L. Gottesman Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nt RNAs that coordinate vast regulatory networks in animals and thereby influence myriad processes. This Review examines evidence that miRNAs have continuous roles in adults in ways that are separable from developmental control. Adult-specific activities for miRNAs have been described in various stem cell populations, in the context of neural function and cardiovascular biology, in metabolism and ageing, and during cancer. In addition to reviewing recent results, we also discuss methods for studying miRNA activities specifically in adults and evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses. A fuller understanding of continuous functions of miRNAs in adults has bearing on efforts and opportunities to manipulate miRNAs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Sun
- Sloan-Kettering Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, 1275 York Ave, Box 252, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric C. Lai
- Sloan-Kettering Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, 1275 York Ave, Box 252, New York, NY 10065
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Zhang Y, Ling J, Yuan C, Dubruille R, Emery P. A role for Drosophila ATX2 in activation of PER translation and circadian behavior. Science 2013; 340:879-82. [PMID: 23687048 PMCID: PMC4078874 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A negative transcriptional feedback loop generates circadian rhythms in Drosophila. PERIOD (PER) is a critical state-variable in this mechanism, and its abundance is tightly regulated. We found that the Drosophila homolog of ATAXIN-2 (ATX2)--an RNA-binding protein implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases--was required for circadian locomotor behavior. ATX2 was necessary for PER accumulation in circadian pacemaker neurons and thus determined period length of circadian behavior. ATX2 was required for the function of TWENTY-FOUR (TYF), a crucial activator of PER translation. ATX2 formed a complex with TYF and promoted its interaction with polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP). Our work uncovers a role for ATX2 in circadian timing and reveals that this protein functions as an activator of PER translation in circadian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jinli Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Raphaëlle Dubruille
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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