1
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Roßmann K, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Bhuyan R, Schattenberg C, Sun H, Börjesson K, Levitz J, Broichhagen J. Deuteration as a General Strategy to Enhance Azobenzene-Based Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408300. [PMID: 38897926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemical photoswitches have become a widely used approach for the remote control of biological functions with spatiotemporal precision. Several molecular scaffolds have been implemented to improve photoswitch characteristics, ranging from the nature of the photoswitch itself (e.g. azobenzenes, dithienylethenes, hemithioindigo) to fine-tuning of aromatic units and substituents. Herein, we present deuterated azobenzene photoswitches as a general means of enhancing the performance of photopharmacological molecules. Deuteration can improve azobenzene performance in terms of light sensitivity (higher molar extinction coefficient), photoswitch efficiency (higher photoisomerization quantum yield), and photoswitch kinetics (faster macroscopic rate of photoisomerization) with minimal alteration to the underlying structure of the photopharmacological ligand. We report synthesized deuterated azobenzene-based ligands for the optimized optical control of ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function in live cells, setting the stage for the straightforward, widespread adoption of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Roßmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rahul Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caspar Schattenberg
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Sun
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Ganzen L, Yadav SC, Wei M, Ma H, Nawy S, Kramer RH. Retinoic Acid-Dependent Loss of Synaptic Output from Bipolar Cells Impairs Visual Information Processing in Inherited Retinal Degeneration. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0129242024. [PMID: 39060177 PMCID: PMC11358532 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0129-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate, depriving downstream neurons of light-sensitive input, leading to vision impairment or blindness. Although downstream neurons survive, some undergo morphological and physiological remodeling. Bipolar cells (BCs) link photoreceptors, which sense light, to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send information to the brain. While photoreceptor loss disrupts input synapses to BCs, whether BC output synapses remodel has remained unknown. Here we report that synaptic output from BCs plummets in RP mouse models of both sexes owing to loss of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Remodeling reduces the reliability of synaptic output to repeated optogenetic stimuli, causing RGC firing to fail at high-stimulus frequencies. Fortunately, functional remodeling of BCs can be reversed by inhibiting the retinoic acid receptor (RAR). RAR inhibitors targeted to BCs present a new therapeutic opportunity for mitigating detrimental effects of remodeling on signals initiated either by surviving photoreceptors or by vision-restoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Ganzen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Shubhash Chandra Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mingxiao Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Scott Nawy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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3
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Palmisano VF, Anguita-Ortiz N, Faraji S, Nogueira JJ. Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Structure, Pharmacology and Photopharmacology. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400162. [PMID: 38649320 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Over the last decade, advancements have enabled the elucidation of crystal structures of ion channels. This progress in structural understanding, particularly in identifying the binding sites of local anesthetics, opens avenues for the design of novel compounds capable of modulating ion conduction. However, many traditional drugs lack selectivity and come with adverse side effects. The emergence of photopharmacology has provided an orthogonal way of controlling the activity of compounds, enabling the regulation of ion conduction with light. In this review, we explore the central pore region of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, providing insights from both structural and pharmacological perspectives. We discuss the different binding modes of synthetic compounds that can physically occlude the pore and, therefore, block ion conduction. Moreover, we examine recent advances in the photopharmacology of voltage-gated ion channels, introducing molecular approaches aimed at controlling their activity by using photosensitive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito F Palmisano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Anguita-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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5
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Katada Y, Yoshida K, Serizawa N, Lee D, Kobayashi K, Negishi K, Okano H, Kandori H, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. Highly sensitive visual restoration and protection via ectopic expression of chimeric rhodopsin in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107716. [PMID: 37720108 PMCID: PMC10504486 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreception requires amplification by mammalian rhodopsin through G protein activation, which requires a visual cycle. To achieve this in retinal gene therapy, we incorporated human rhodopsin cytoplasmic loops into Gloeobacter rhodopsin, thereby generating Gloeobacter and human chimeric rhodopsin (GHCR). In a murine model of inherited retinal degeneration, we induced retinal GHCR expression by intravitreal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector. Retinal explant and visual thalamus electrophysiological recordings, behavioral tests, and histological analysis showed that GHCR restored dim-environment vision and prevented the progression of retinal degeneration. Thus, GHCR may be a potent clinical tool for the treatment of retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Katada
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuho Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0061, Japan
| | - Naho Serizawa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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6
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Marquina S, Ozgul M, Robertson-Brown K, Kenney MC. A review on PLGA particles as a sustained drug-delivery system and its effect on the retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109626. [PMID: 37652091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the designs and recent developments of polymer-based drug delivery of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) will be discussed for the possible treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PLGA is a versatile co-polymer that consists of synthetic lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers that are constructed to produce nanoparticles, microparticles, and scaffolds for the intraocular delivery of various drugs. As an FDA-approved polymer, PLGA has historically been well-suited for systemic slow-sustained release therapies due to its performance in biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review will examine recent in vitro and in vivo studies that provide evidence for PLGA-based particles as a therapeutic drug carrier for the treatment of AMD. Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative effects of small peptides, small molecules, RNA molecules, and proteins within PLGA particles are briefly discussed. AMD is a leading cause of central vision loss in people over 55 years and the number of those afflicted will rise as the aging population increases. AMD has two forms that are often sequential. Dry AMD and wet AMD account for 85-90% and 10-15% of cases, respectively. The distinct categories of PLGA-based drug delivery vehicles are important for dispensing novel small molecules, RNA molecules, peptides, and proteins as a long-term effective treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Marquina
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozgul
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Kenneth Robertson-Brown
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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7
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Kramer RH. Suppressing Retinal Remodeling to Mitigate Vision Loss in Photoreceptor Degenerative Disorders. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:131-153. [PMID: 37713276 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-112122-020957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, robbing the visual system of light-triggered signals necessary for sight. However, changes in the retina do not stop with the photoreceptors. A stereotypical set of morphological and physiological changes, known as remodeling, occur in downstream retinal neurons. Some aspects of remodeling are homeostatic, with structural or functional changes compensating for partial loss of visual inputs. However, other aspects are nonhomeostatic, corrupting retinal information processing to obscure vision mediated naturally by surviving photoreceptors or artificially by vision-restoration technologies. In this review, I consider the mechanism of remodeling and its consequences for residual and restored visual function; discuss the role of retinoic acid, a critical molecular trigger of detrimental remodeling; and discuss strategies for suppressing retinoic acid biosynthesis or signaling as therapeutic possibilities for mitigating vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA;
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8
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Wood EH, Kreymerman A, Kowal T, Buickians D, Sun Y, Muscat S, Mercola M, Moshfeghi DM, Goldberg JL. Cellular and subcellular optogenetic approaches towards neuroprotection and vision restoration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101153. [PMID: 36503723 PMCID: PMC10247900 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is defined as the combination of genetic and optical methods to induce or inhibit well-defined events in isolated cells, tissues, or animals. While optogenetics within ophthalmology has been primarily applied towards treating inherited retinal disease, there are a myriad of other applications that hold great promise for a variety of eye diseases including cellular regeneration, modulation of mitochondria and metabolism, regulation of intraocular pressure, and pain control. Supported by primary data from the authors' work with in vitro and in vivo applications, we introduce a novel approach to metabolic regulation, Opsins to Restore Cellular ATP (ORCA). We review the fundamental constructs for ophthalmic optogenetics, present current therapeutic approaches and clinical trials, and discuss the future of subcellular and signaling pathway applications for neuroprotection and vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Wood
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tia Kowal
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Buickians
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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9
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Palanker D. Electronic Retinal Prostheses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041525. [PMID: 36781222 PMCID: PMC10411866 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by photoreceptor atrophy. They introduce visual information by electrical stimulation of the surviving inner retinal neurons. Subretinal implants target the graded-response secondary neurons, primarily the bipolar cells, which then transfer the information to the ganglion cells via the retinal neural network. Therefore, many features of natural retinal signal processing can be preserved in this approach if the inner retinal network is retained. Epiretinal implants stimulate primarily the ganglion cells, and hence should encode the visual information in spiking patterns, which, ideally, should match the target cell types. Currently, subretinal arrays are being developed primarily for restoration of central vision in patients impaired by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), while epiretinal implants-for patients blinded by retinitis pigmentosa, where the inner retina is less preserved. This review describes the concepts and technologies, preclinical characterization of prosthetic vision and clinical outcomes, and provides a glimpse into future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Palanker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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10
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Zhen F, Zou T, Wang T, Zhou Y, Dong S, Zhang H. Rhodopsin-associated retinal dystrophy: Disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132179. [PMID: 37077319 PMCID: PMC10106759 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor that initiates the phototransduction cascade in rod photoreceptors. Mutations in the rhodopsin-encoding gene RHO are the leading cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). To date, more than 200 mutations have been identified in RHO. The high allelic heterogeneity of RHO mutations suggests complicated pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we discuss representative RHO mutations as examples to briefly summarize the mechanisms underlying rhodopsin-related retinal dystrophy, which include but are not limited to endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium ion dysregulation resulting from protein misfolding, mistrafficking, and malfunction. Based on recent advances in our understanding of disease mechanisms, various treatment methods, including adaptation, whole-eye electrical stimulation, and small molecular compounds, have been developed. Additionally, innovative therapeutic treatment strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotide therapy, gene therapy, optogenetic therapy, and stem cell therapy, have achieved promising outcomes in preclinical disease models of rhodopsin mutations. Successful translation of these treatment strategies may effectively ameliorate, prevent or rescue vision loss related to rhodopsin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongdan Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuqian Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
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11
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Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Singh MS, Zrenner E, MacLaren RE. Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:387-404. [PMID: 35102278 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Late-stage retinal degenerative disease involving photoreceptor loss can be treated by optogenetic therapy, cell transplantation and retinal prostheses. These approaches aim to restore light sensitivity to the retina as well as visual perception by integrating neuronal responses for transmission to the cortex. In age-related macular degeneration, some cell-based therapies also aim to restore photoreceptor-supporting tissue to prevent complete photoreceptor loss. In the earlier stages of degeneration, gene-replacement therapy could attenuate retinal-disease progression and reverse loss of function. And gene-editing strategies aim to correct the underlying genetic defects. In this Review, we highlight the most promising gene therapies, cell therapies and retinal prostheses for the treatment of retinal disease, discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each treatment strategy and the factors influencing whether functional tissue is reconstructed and repaired or replaced with an electronic device, and summarize upcoming technologies for enhancing the restoration of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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12
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Palmisano VF, Faraji S, Nogueira JJ. Effect of stacking interactions on charge transfer states in photoswitches interacting with ion channels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8331-8335. [PMID: 36883995 PMCID: PMC10696555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity of ion channels can be reversibly photo-controlled via the binding of molecular photoswitches, often based on an azobenzene scaffold. Those azobenzene derivatives interact with aromatic residues of the protein via stacking interactions. In the present work, the effect of face-to-face and t-shaped stacking interactions on the excited state electronic structure of azobenzene and p-diaminoazobenzene integrated into the NaV1.4 channel is computationally investigated. The formation of a charge transfer state, caused by electron transfer from the protein to the photoswitches, is observed. This state is strongly red shifted when the interaction takes place in a face-to-face orientation and electron donating groups are present on the aromatic ring of the amino acids. The low-energy charge transfer state can interfere with the photoisomerization process after excitation to the bright state by leading to the formation of radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito F Palmisano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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13
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Nikolaev MV, Strashkov DM, Ryazantsev MN, Tikhonov DB. Development of a quaternary ammonium photoswitchable antagonist of NMDA receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 938:175448. [PMID: 36470444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors play critical roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes in CNS that requires development of modulating ligands. In particular, photoswitchable compounds that selectively target NMDA receptors would be particularly useful for analysis of receptor contributions to various processes. Recently, we identified a light-dependent anti-NMDA activity of the azobenzene-containing quaternary ammonium compounds DENAQ (diethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium) and DMNAQ (dimethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium). Here, we developed a series of light-sensitive compounds based on the DENAQ structure, and studied their action on glutamate receptors in rat brain neurons using patch-clamp method. We found that the activities of the compounds and the influence of illumination strongly depended on the structural details, as even minor structural modifications greatly altered the activity and sensitivity to illumination. The compound PyrAQ (pyrrolidine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium) was the most active and produced fast and fully reversible inhibition of NMDA receptors. The IC50 values under ambient and monochromic light conditions were 2 and 14 μM, respectively. The anti-AMPA activity was much weaker. The action of PyrAQ did not depend on NMDA receptor activity, agonist concentration, or membrane voltage, making it a useful tool for photopharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Nikolaev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Daniil M Strashkov
- Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Ryazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Pfeiffer RL, Jones BW. Current perspective on retinal remodeling: Implications for therapeutics. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1099348. [PMID: 36620193 PMCID: PMC9813390 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1099348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Both present with progressive photoreceptor degeneration that is further complicated by processes of retinal remodeling. In this perspective, we discuss the current state of the field of retinal remodeling and its implications for vision-restoring therapeutics currently in development. Here, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls retinal remodeling poses for each therapeutic strategy under the premise that understanding the features of retinal remodeling in totality will provide a basic framework with which therapeutics can interface. Additionally, we discuss the potential for approaching therapeutics using a combined strategy of using diffusible molecules in tandem with other vision-restoring therapeutics. We end by discussing the potential of the retina and retinal remodeling as a model system for more broadly understanding the progression of neurodegeneration across the central nervous system.
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15
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Nikonov S, Dolgova N, Sudharsan R, Tochitsky I, Iwabe S, Guzman JM, Van Gelder RN, Kramer RH, Aguirre GD, Beltran WA. Photochemical Restoration of Light Sensitivity in the Degenerated Canine Retina. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122711. [PMID: 36559205 PMCID: PMC9783220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacological compounds such as azobenzene-based photoswitches have been shown to control the conductivity of ionic channels in a light-dependent manner and are considered a potential strategy to restore vision in patients with end-stage photoreceptor degeneration. Here, we report the effects of DENAQ, a second-generation azobenzene-based photoswitch on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in canine retinas using multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings (from nine degenerated and six WT retinas). DENAQ treatment conferred increased light sensitivity to RGCs in degenerated canine retinas. RGC light responses were observed in degenerated retinas following ex vivo application of 1 mM DENAQ (n = 6) or after in vivo DENAQ injection (n = 3, 150 μL, 3-10 mM) using 455 nm light at intensities as low as 0.2 mW/cm2. The number of light-sensitive cells and the per cell response amplitude increased with light intensity up to the maximum tested intensity of 85 mW/cm2. Application of DENAQ to degenerated retinas with partially preserved cone function caused appearance of DENAQ-driven responses both in cone-driven and previously non-responsive RGCs, and disappearance of cone-driven responses. Repeated stimulation slowed activation and accelerated recovery of the DENAQ-driven responses. The latter is likely responsible for the delayed appearance of a response to 4 Hz flicker stimulation. Limited aqueous solubility of DENAQ results in focal drug aggregates associated with ocular toxicity. While this limits the therapeutic potential of DENAQ, more potent third-generation photoswitches may be more promising, especially when delivered in a slow-release formulation that prevents drug aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Nikonov
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalia Dolgova
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raghavi Sudharsan
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 90095, USA
| | - Simone Iwabe
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose-Manuel Guzman
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell N. Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gustavo D. Aguirre
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William A. Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wang BY, Chen ZC, Bhuckory M, Huang T, Shin A, Zuckerman V, Ho E, Rosenfeld E, Galambos L, Kamins T, Mathieson K, Palanker D. Electronic photoreceptors enable prosthetic visual acuity matching the natural resolution in rats. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6627. [PMID: 36333326 PMCID: PMC9636145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized stimulation of the inner retinal neurons for high-acuity prosthetic vision requires small pixels and minimal crosstalk from the neighboring electrodes. Local return electrodes within each pixel limit the crosstalk, but they over-constrain the electric field, thus precluding the efficient stimulation with subretinal pixels smaller than 55 μm. Here we demonstrate a high-resolution prosthetic vision based on a novel design of a photovoltaic array, where field confinement is achieved dynamically, leveraging the adjustable conductivity of the diodes under forward bias to turn the designated pixels into transient returns. We validated the computational modeling of the field confinement in such an optically-controlled circuit by in-vitro and in-vivo measurements. Most importantly, using this strategy, we demonstrated that the grating acuity with 40 μm pixels matches the pixel pitch, while with 20 μm pixels, it reaches the 28 μm limit of the natural visual resolution in rats. This method enables customized field shaping based on individual retinal thickness and distance from the implant, paving the way to higher acuity of prosthetic vision in atrophic macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zhijie Charles Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Mohajeet Bhuckory
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Zuckerman
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elton Ho
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Rosenfeld
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ludwig Galambos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Kamins
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keith Mathieson
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Palanker
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Gómez-Santacana X, Panarello S, Rovira X, Llebaria A. Photoswitchable allosteric modulators for metabotropic glutamate receptors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102266. [PMID: 35870289 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) are a family of class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with important biological functions and widespread expression. The mechanisms of mGlu activation and the development of allosteric modulators for these dimeric proteins have attracted singular attention including the use of light regulated ligands. Photopharmacology involves the integration of a photoactive moiety into the ligand structure that following specific illumination undergoes a structural rearrangement and changes its biological activity. The use of light-regulated allosteric ligands offers the opportunity to manipulate mGlu signalling with spatiotemporal precision, unattainable with classical pharmacological approaches. In this review, we will discuss some of the innovations that have been made in the allosteric photopharmacology of mGlu receptors to date. We discuss the prospects of these molecular tools in the control of mGluRs and the new perspectives in understanding mGlu mechanisms, pharmacology and (patho)physiology that can ultimately result in innovative drug discovery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Panarello
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Berry MH, Holt A, Broichhagen J, Donthamsetti P, Flannery JG, Isacoff EY. Photopharmacology for vision restoration. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102259. [PMID: 35749908 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Blinding diseases that are caused by degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptor cells often spare the rest of the retinal circuit, from bipolar cells, which are directly innervated by photoreceptor cells, to the output ganglion cells that project axons to the brain. A strategy for restoring vision is to introduce light sensitivity to the surviving cells of the retina. One approach is optogenetics, in which surviving cells are virally transfected with a gene encoding a signaling protein that becomes sensitive to light by binding to the biologically available chromophore retinal, the same chromophore that is used by the opsin photo-detectors of rods and cones. A second approach uses photopharmacology, in which a synthetic photoswitch associates with a native or engineered ion channel or receptor. We review these approaches and look ahead to the next generation of advances that could reconstitute core aspects of natural vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Berry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Amy Holt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John G Flannery
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Vision Science, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; MBIB Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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19
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Van Gelder RN, Chiang MF, Dyer MA, Greenwell TN, Levin LA, Wong RO, Svendsen CN. Regenerative and restorative medicine for eye disease. Nat Med 2022; 28:1149-1156. [PMID: 35715505 PMCID: PMC10718186 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Causes of blindness differ across the globe; in higher-income countries, most blindness results from the degeneration of specific classes of cells in the retina, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, and retinal ganglion cells. Advances over the past decade in retinal regenerative medicine have allowed each of these cell types to be produced ex vivo from progenitor stem cells. Here, we review progress in applying these technologies to cell replacement - with the goal of vision restoration in degenerative disease. We discuss the landscape of human clinical trials for RPE transplantation and advanced preclinical studies for other cell types. We also review progress toward in situ repair of retinal degeneration using endogenous progenitor cells. Finally, we provide a high-level overview of progress toward prosthetic ocular vision restoration, including advanced photovoltaic devices, opsin-based gene therapy, and small-molecule photoswitches. Progress in each of these domains is at or near the human clinical-trial stage, bringing the audacious goal of vision restoration within sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell N Van Gelder
- Karalis-Johnson Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michael F Chiang
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas N Greenwell
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel O Wong
- Karalis-Johnson Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Zhang H, Qi Y, Zhao X, Li M, Wang R, Cheng H, Li Z, Guo H, Li Z. Dithienylethene-Bridged Fluoroquinolone Derivatives for Imaging-Guided Reversible Control of Antibacterial Activity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7446-7455. [PMID: 35608344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of photopharmacology has offered a promising alternative to guard against the bacterial resistance by effectively avoiding antibiotic accumulation in the body or environment. However, the degradation, toxicity, and thermal reversibility have always been an ongoing concern for potential applications of azobenzene-based photopharmacology. Developing novel photopharmacological agents based on a more matched switch is highly in demand and remains a major challenge. Herein, two novel dithienylethene-bridged dual-fluoroquinolone derivatives have been developed by introducing two fluoroquinolone drugs into both ends of the dithienylethene (DTE) switch, in which the fluoroquinolone acts as a fluorophore except for the pharmacodynamic component. For comparison, two monofluoroquinolone-DTE hybrids were also prepared by a similar strategy. As expected, these resultant DTE-based antibacterial agents displayed efficient photochromism and fluorescence switching behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, improved antibacterial activities compared to those of monofluoroquinolone derivatives and a maximum fourfold active difference against Escherichia coli (E. coli) for open and closed isomers and photoswitchable bacterial imaging for Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were observed. The molecular docking to DNA gyrase gave a rationale for the discrepancies in antibacterial activity for both isomers. Therefore, these fluoroquinolone derivatives can act as interesting imaging-guided photopharmacological agents for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yueheng Qi
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Zhao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Manman Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Cheng
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
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21
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Wu Q, Li Y, Wang L, Wang D, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission: An emerging concept in brain science. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121581. [PMID: 35633591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging concept in brain science, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has captivated much interest by virtue of the unique superiority of AIE fluorophores in terms of emission intensity, imaging resolution, biocompatibility and photosensitivity. This review mainly overviews the current state-of-art advances of AIE fluorophores achieving the superb performance in brain imaging and therapy, which facilitate deep tissue penetration, high contrast to autofluorescence and efficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing by rational molecular design and functionalized strategies. We expect this review serve as a modest spur to push forward the blooming growth of research in this fertile field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Youmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
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22
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Liu W, Liu S, Li P, Yao K. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Progress in Molecular Pathology and Biotherapeutical Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094883. [PMID: 35563274 PMCID: PMC9101511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in blindness in bilateral eyes. Various photoreceptor cell death types and pathological phenotypic changes that have been disclosed in RP demand in-depth research of its pathogenic mechanism that may account for inter-patient heterogeneous responses to mainstream drug treatment. As the primary method for studying the genetic characteristics of RP, molecular biology has been widely used in disease diagnosis and clinical trials. Current technology iterations, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and optogenetics, are advancing towards precise diagnosis and clinical applications. Specifically, technologies, such as effective delivery vectors, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and iPSC-based cell transplantation, hasten the pace of personalized precision medicine in RP. The combination of conventional therapy and state-of-the-art medication is promising in revolutionizing RP treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of the latest research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, aiming for a convenient reference of what has been achieved so far.
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23
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Telias M, Sit KK, Frozenfar D, Smith B, Misra A, Goard MJ, Kramer RH. Retinoic acid inhibitors mitigate vision loss in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4643. [PMID: 35302843 PMCID: PMC8932665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). While downstream neurons survive, they undergo physiological changes, including accelerated spontaneous firing in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Retinoic acid (RA) is the molecular trigger of RGC hyperactivity, but whether this interferes with visual perception is unknown. Here, we show that inhibiting RA synthesis with disulfiram, a deterrent of human alcohol abuse, improves behavioral image detection in vision-impaired mice. In vivo Ca2+ imaging shows that disulfiram sharpens orientation tuning of visual cortical neurons and strengthens fidelity of responses to natural scenes. An RA receptor inhibitor also reduces RGC hyperactivity, sharpens cortical representations, and improves image detection. These findings suggest that photoreceptor degeneration is not the only cause of vision loss in RP. RA-induced corruption of retinal information processing also degrades vision, pointing to RA synthesis and signaling inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools for improving sight in RP and other retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Sit
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Frozenfar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arjit Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Goard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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24
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Azobenzene/Tetraethyl Ammonium Photochromic Potassium Channel Blockers: Scope and Limitations for Design of Para-Substituted Derivatives with Specific Absorption Band Maxima and Thermal Isomerization Rate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313171. [PMID: 34884976 PMCID: PMC8658355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzene/tetraethyl ammonium photochromic ligands (ATPLs) are photoactive compounds with a large variety of photopharmacological applications such as nociception control or vision restoration. Absorption band maximum and lifetime of the less stable isomer are important characteristics that determine the applicability of ATPLs. Substituents allow to adjust these characteristics in a range limited by the azobenzene/tetraethyl ammonium scaffold. The aim of the current study is to find the scope and limitations for the design of ATPLs with specific spectral and kinetic properties by introducing para substituents with different electronic effects. To perform this task we synthesized ATPLs with various electron acceptor and electron donor functional groups and studied their spectral and kinetic properties using flash photolysis and conventional spectroscopy techniques as well as quantum chemical modeling. As a result, we obtained diagrams that describe correlations between spectral and kinetic properties of ATPLs (absorption maxima of E and Z isomers of ATPLs, the thermal lifetime of their Z form) and both the electronic effect of substituents described by Hammett constants and structural parameters obtained from quantum chemical calculations. The provided results can be used for the design of ATPLs with properties that are optimal for photopharmacological applications.
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25
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Greco JA, Wagner NL, Jensen RJ, Lawrence DB, Ranaghan MJ, Sandberg MN, Sandberg DJ, Birge RR. Activation of retinal ganglion cells using a biomimetic artificial retina. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34768254 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Biomimetic protein-based artificial retinas offer a new paradigm for restoring vision for patients blinded by retinal degeneration. Artificial retinas, comprised of an ion-permeable membrane and alternating layers of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and a polycation binder, are assembled using layer-by-layer electrostatic adsorption. Upon light absorption, the oriented BR layers generate a unidirectional proton gradient. The main objective of this investigation is to demonstrate the ability of the ion-mediated subretinal artificial retina to activate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of degenerated retinal tissue.Approach. Ex vivoextracellular recording experiments with P23H line 1 rats are used to measure the response of RGCs following selective stimulation of our artificial retina using a pulsed light source. Single-unit recording is used to evaluate the efficiency and latency of activation, while a multielectrode array (MEA) is used to assess the spatial sensitivity of the artificial retina films.Main results.The activation efficiency of the artificial retina increases with increased incident light intensity and demonstrates an activation latency of ∼150 ms. The results suggest that the implant is most efficient with 200 BR layers and can stimulate the retina using light intensities comparable to indoor ambient light. Results from using an MEA show that activation is limited to the targeted receptive field.Significance.The results of this study establish potential effectiveness of using an ion-mediated artificial retina to restore vision for those with degenerative retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Greco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Nicole L Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Ralph J Jensen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
| | - Daniel B Lawrence
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Ranaghan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Megan N Sandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Sandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Robert R Birge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
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26
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Esquenazi RB, Meier K, Beyeler M, Boynton GM, Fine I. Learning to see again: Perceptual learning of simulated abnormal on- off-cell population responses in sighted individuals. J Vis 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 34935878 PMCID: PMC8727313 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.13.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of artificial sight recovery, such as electronic implants and optogenetic proteins, generally cause simultaneous, rather than complementary firing of on- and off-center retinal cells. Here, using virtual patients—sighted individuals viewing distorted input—we examine whether plasticity might compensate for abnormal neuronal population responses. Five participants were dichoptically presented with a combination of original and contrast-reversed images. Each image (I) and its contrast-reverse (Iʹ) was filtered using a radial checkerboard (F) in Fourier space and its inverse (Fʹ). [I * F′] + [Iʹ * F] was presented to one eye, and [I * F] + [Iʹ * F′] was presented to the other, such that regions of the image that produced on-center responses in one eye produced off-center responses in the other eye, and vice versa. Participants continuously improved in a naturalistic object discrimination task over 20 one-hour sessions. Pre-training and post-training tests suggest that performance improvements were due to two learning processes: learning to recognize objects with reduced visual information and learning to suppress contrast-reversed image information in a non–eye-selective manner. These results suggest that, with training, it may be possible to adapt to the unnatural on- and off-cell population responses produced by electronic and optogenetic sight recovery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, USA.,
| | - Michael Beyeler
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.,
| | | | - Ione Fine
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, USA.,
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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28
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Massengill MT, Lewin AS. Gene Therapy for Rhodopsin-associated Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:79-96. [PMID: 34584046 PMCID: PMC8478325 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Nikolaev MV, Strashkov DM, Ryazantsev MN, Tikhonov DB. Optical Control of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors by Azobenzene Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3347-3357. [PMID: 34469111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzene-based quaternary ammonium compounds provide optical control of ion channels and are considered promising agents for regulation of neuronal excitability and for restoration of the photosensitivity of retinal cells. However, the selectivity of the action of these compounds remains insufficiently known. We studied the action of DENAQ (diethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium) and DMNAQ (dimethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium) on ionotropic glutamate receptors in rat brain neurons. In the dark, both compounds applied extracellularly caused fast and reversible inhibition of NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor-mediated currents with IC50 values of 10 and 5 μM, respectively. Light-induced transformation of DENAQ and DMNAQ to their cis forms caused the IC50 values to increase to 30 and 27 μM, respectively. Detailed analysis of this action revealed a complex nature consisting of fast inhibitory and slower potentiating effects. The AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors were only weakly affected independently on illumination. We conclude that, in addition to their long-lasting intracellular action, which persists after washout, azobenzene-based quaternary ammonium compounds should affect glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity during treatment. Our findings also extend the list of soluble photoswitchable inhibitors of NMDA receptors. While the site(s) and mechanisms of action are unclear, the effect of DENAQ demonstrates strong pH dependence. At acidic pH values, DENAQ potentiates both NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Nikolaev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniil M. Strashkov
- Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8/3 Khlopina Street, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail N. Ryazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis B. Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Cao KJ, Lyons EF, Smith BE, Denlinger BL, Ma H, Shirian JD, Kramer RH. Cyclodextrin‐Assisted Delivery of Azobenzene Photoswitches for Uniform and Long‐Term Restoration of Light Responses in Degenerated Retinas of Blind Mice. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3370 USA
| | - Elijah F. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
| | - Benjamin E. Smith
- Vision Sciences Graduate Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐2020 USA
| | - Bristol L. Denlinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3370 USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Shirian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3200 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐3370 USA
- Vision Sciences Graduate Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720‐2020 USA
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31
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Gutzeit VA, Acosta-Ruiz A, Munguba H, Häfner S, Landra-Willm A, Mathes B, Mony J, Yarotski D, Börjesson K, Liston C, Sandoz G, Levitz J, Broichhagen J. A fine-tuned azobenzene for enhanced photopharmacology in vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1648-1663.e16. [PMID: 33735619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the power of photopharmacology for interrogating signaling proteins, many photopharmacological systems are limited by their efficiency, speed, or spectral properties. Here, we screen a library of azobenzene photoswitches and identify a urea-substituted "azobenzene-400" core that offers bistable switching between cis and trans with improved kinetics, light sensitivity, and a red-shift. We then focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), neuromodulatory receptors that are major pharmacological targets. Synthesis of "BGAG12,400," a photoswitchable orthogonal, remotely tethered ligand (PORTL), enables highly efficient, rapid optical agonism following conjugation to SNAP-tagged mGluR2 and permits robust optical control of mGluR1 and mGluR5 signaling. We then produce fluorophore-conjugated branched PORTLs to enable dual imaging and manipulation of mGluRs and highlight their power in ex vivo slice and in vivo behavioral experiments in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our strategy by developing an improved soluble, photoswitchable pore blocker for potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Gutzeit
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Häfner
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Landra-Willm
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Bettina Mathes
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dzianis Yarotski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guillaume Sandoz
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Gonzalez MA, Walker AS, Cao KJ, Lazzari-Dean JR, Settineri NS, Kong EJ, Kramer RH, Miller EW. Voltage Imaging with a NIR-Absorbing Phosphine Oxide Rhodamine Voltage Reporter. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2304-2314. [PMID: 33501825 PMCID: PMC7986050 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent dyes that emit and absorb light at wavelengths greater than 700 nm and that respond to biochemical and biophysical events in living systems remains an outstanding challenge for noninvasive optical imaging. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and application of near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing and -emitting optical voltmeter based on a sulfonated, phosphine-oxide (po) rhodamine for voltage imaging in intact retinas. We find that po-rhodamine based voltage reporters, or poRhoVRs, display NIR excitation and emission profiles at greater than 700 nm, show a range of voltage sensitivities (13 to 43% ΔF/F per 100 mV in HEK cells), and can be combined with existing optical sensors, like Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent proteins (GCaMP), and actuators, like light-activated opsins ChannelRhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging reveals differences in activity dynamics in rat hippocampal neurons, and pairing poRhoVR with blue-light based ChR2 affords all-optical electrophysiology. In ex vivo retinas isolated from a mouse model of retinal degeneration, poRhoVR, together with GCaMP-based Ca2+ imaging and traditional multielectrode array (MEA) recording, can provide a comprehensive physiological activity profile of neuronal activity, revealing differences in voltage and Ca2+ dynamics within hyperactive networks of the mouse retina. Taken together, these experiments establish that poRhoVR will open new horizons in optical interrogation of cellular and neuronal physiology in intact systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alison S. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cao
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julia R. Lazzari-Dean
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eui Ju Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Wu K, Sun J, Ma Y, Wei D, Lee O, Luo H, Fan H. Spatiotemporal regulation of dynamic cell microenvironment signals based on an azobenzene photoswitch. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9212-9226. [PMID: 32929441 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01737j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic biochemical and biophysical signals of cellular matrix define and regulate tissue-specific cell functions and fate. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, biomaterials based on structural- or degradation-tunable polymers have emerged as powerful platforms for regulating the "on-demand" cell-material dynamic interplay. As one of the most prevalent photoswitch molecules, the photoisomerization of azobenzene demonstrates a unique advantage in the construction of dynamic substrates. Moreover, the development of azobenzene-containing biomaterials is particularly helpful in elucidating cells that adapt to a dynamic microenvironment or integrate spatiotemporal variations of signals. Herein, this minireview, places emphasis on the research progress of azobenzene photoswitches in the dynamic regulation of matrix signals. Some techniques and material design methods have been discussed to provide some theoretical guidance for the rational and efficient design of azopolymer-based material platforms. In addition, considering that the UV-light response of traditional azobenzene photoswitches is not conducive to biological applications, we have summarized the recent approaches to red-shifting the light wavelength for azobenzene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yanzhe Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Oscar Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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34
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Fletcher EL. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of retinal degenerations. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 103:723-732. [PMID: 33090561 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor death is an important contributor to irreversible vision loss worldwide. In this review, I outline our work examining the role that purines, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), have in normal retinal function and in retinal disease. Our work shows that the actions of ATP, mediated by P2X receptors, are expressed in various retinal layers including photoreceptor terminals, and when stimulated by excessive levels of ATP is associated with rapid death of neurons. Treatment with a compound that blocks the action of P2X and some P2Y receptors reduces photoreceptor death in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. Our observations not only provide a means for developing a potential treatment for reducing photoreceptor death, but also provides a novel way of studying the neural plasticity effects that develop in the inner retina following photoreceptor death. There are a range of inner retinal changes that could influence the effectiveness of retinal prostheses. Indeed, using an ATP-induced degeneration model, we established that the amount of electrical stimulation required to elicit a response in the visual cortex was affected by the level of glial scarring. However, changes in P2X7 receptor expression by OFF ganglion cells during retinal degeneration can also be exploited by photoswitches to restore light sensitivity to degenerated retinae. Finally, our work has also considered how P2X7 expression by innate immune cells, and its role as a scavenger receptor, contributes to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our results show that loss of P2X7 function is associated with thickening of Bruch's membrane as well as increased risk of advanced disease in people with AMD. Overall, our work over the last 20 years highlights the importance of purinergic signalling in normal retinal function and retinal disease and suggest that developing therapies that target P2X7 function could be of benefit for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Hydrogel-mediated co-transplantation of retinal pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors restores vision in an animal model of advanced retinal degeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR, Mourot A. Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 20:514-532. [PMID: 31289380 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic approaches permit neuronal excitation or inhibition at the network level, other technologies, such as optopharmacology (also known as photopharmacology) have emerged that provide molecular-level control by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of photocontrolling native neuronal signalling pathways, focusing on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. We describe existing strategies for rendering receptors and channels light sensitive and provide an overview of the neuroscientific insights gained from such approaches. At the crossroads of chemistry, protein engineering and neuroscience, optopharmacology offers great potential for understanding the molecular basis of brain function and behaviour, with promises for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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37
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Denlinger B, Helft Z, Telias M, Lorach H, Palanker D, Kramer RH. Local photoreceptor degeneration causes local pathophysiological remodeling of retinal neurons. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132114. [PMID: 31846440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stems from disruption of photoreceptor cells in the macula, the central retinal area required for high-acuity vision. Mice and rats have no macula, but surgical insertion of a subretinal implant can induce localized photoreceptor degeneration due to chronic separation from retinal pigment epithelium, simulating a key aspect of AMD. We find that the implant-induced loss of photoreceptors in rat retina leads to local changes in the physiology of downstream retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), similar to changes in RGCs of rodent models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited disease causing retina-wide photoreceptor degeneration. The local implant-induced changes in RGCs include enhanced intrinsic excitability leading to accelerated spontaneous firing, increased membrane permeability to fluorescent dyes, and enhanced photosensitization by azobenzene photoswitches. The local physiological changes are correlated with an increase in retinoic acid receptor-induced (RAR-induced) gene transcription, the key process underlying retinal remodeling in mouse models of RP. Hence the loss of photoreceptors, whether by local physical perturbation or by inherited mutation, leads to a stereotypical set of pathophysiological consequences in RGCs. These findings implicate RAR as a possible common therapeutic target for reversing the signal-corrupting effects of retinal remodeling in both RP and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Helft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Palanker
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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38
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Pfeiffer RL, Marc RE, Jones BW. Persistent remodeling and neurodegeneration in late-stage retinal degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 74:100771. [PMID: 31356876 PMCID: PMC6982593 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal remodeling is a progressive series of negative plasticity revisions that arise from retinal degeneration, and are seen in retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and other forms of retinal disease. These processes occur regardless of the precipitating event leading to degeneration. Retinal remodeling then culminates in a late-stage neurodegeneration that is indistinguishable from progressive central nervous system (CNS) proteinopathies. Following long-term deafferentation from photoreceptor cell death in humans, and long-lived animal models of retinal degeneration, most retinal neurons reprogram, then die. Glial cells reprogram into multiple anomalous metabolic phenotypes. At the same time, survivor neurons display degenerative inclusions that appear identical to progressive CNS neurodegenerative disease, and contain aberrant α-synuclein (α-syn) and phosphorylated α-syn. In addition, ultrastructural analysis indicates a novel potential mechanism for misfolded protein transfer that may explain how proteinopathies spread. While neurodegeneration poses a barrier to prospective retinal interventions that target primary photoreceptor loss, understanding the progression and time-course of retinal remodeling will be essential for the establishment of windows of therapeutic intervention and appropriate tuning and design of interventions. Finally, the development of protein aggregates and widespread neurodegeneration in numerous retinal degenerative diseases positions the retina as a ideal platform for the study of proteinopathies, and mechanisms of neurodegeneration that drive devastating CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Robert E Marc
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryan William Jones
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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39
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Abstract
In humans high quality, high acuity visual experience is mediated by the fovea, a tiny, specialized patch of retina containing the locus of fixation. Despite this, vision restoration strategies are typically developed in animal models without a fovea. While electrical prostheses have been approved by regulators, as yet they have failed to restore high quality, high acuity vision in patients. Approaches under pre-clinical development include regenerative cell therapies, optogenetics and chemical photosensitizers. All retinal vision restoration therapies require reactivation of inner retina that has lost photoreceptor input and that the restored signals can be interpreted at a behavioural level. A greater emphasis on tackling these challenges at the fovea may accelerate progress toward high quality vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette E McGregor
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, New York, USA
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40
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Photopharmacologic Vision Restoration Reduces Pathological Rhythmic Field Potentials in Blind Mouse Retina. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13561. [PMID: 31537864 PMCID: PMC6753071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology has yielded compounds that have potential to restore impaired visual responses resulting from outer retinal degeneration diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Here we evaluate two photoswitchable azobenzene ion channel blockers, DAQ and DAA for vision restoration. DAQ exerts its effect primarily on RGCs, whereas DAA induces light-dependent spiking primarily through amacrine cell activation. Degeneration-induced local field potentials remain a major challenge common to all vision restoration approaches. These 5–10 Hz rhythmic potentials increase the background firing rate of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and overlay the stimulated response, thereby reducing signal-to-noise ratio. Along with the bipolar cell-selective photoswitch DAD and second-generation RGC-targeting photoswitch PhENAQ, we investigated the effects of DAA and DAQ on rhythmic local field potentials (LFPs) occurring in the degenerating retina. We found that photoswitches targeting neurons upstream of RGCs, DAA (amacrine cells) and DAD (bipolar cells) suppress the frequency of LFPs, while DAQ and PhENAQ (RGCs) had negligible effects on frequency or spectral power of LFPs. Taken together, these results demonstrate remarkable diversity of cell-type specificity of photoswitchable channel blockers in the retina and suggest that specific compounds may counter rhythmic LFPs to produce superior signal-to-noise characteristics in vision restoration.
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Trads JB, Hüll K, Matsuura BS, Laprell L, Fehrentz T, Görldt N, Kozek KA, Weaver CD, Klöcker N, Barber DM, Trauner D. Sign Inversion in Photopharmacology: Incorporation of Cyclic Azobenzenes in Photoswitchable Potassium Channel Blockers and Openers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B. Trads
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology Department of Chemistry and iNANO Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
| | - Bryan S. Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Krystian A. Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - C. David Weaver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - David M. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
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Trads JB, Hüll K, Matsuura BS, Laprell L, Fehrentz T, Görldt N, Kozek KA, Weaver CD, Klöcker N, Barber DM, Trauner D. Sign Inversion in Photopharmacology: Incorporation of Cyclic Azobenzenes in Photoswitchable Potassium Channel Blockers and Openers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15421-15428. [PMID: 31441199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology relies on ligands that change their pharmacodynamics upon photoisomerization. Many of these ligands are azobenzenes that are thermodynamically more stable in their elongated trans-configuration. Often, they are biologically active in this form and lose activity upon irradiation and photoisomerization to their cis-isomer. Recently, cyclic azobenzenes, so-called diazocines, have emerged, which are thermodynamically more stable in their bent cis-form. Incorporation of these switches into a variety of photopharmaceuticals could convert dark-active ligands into dark-inactive ligands, which is preferred in most biological applications. This "pharmacological sign-inversion" is demonstrated for a photochromic blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels, termed CAL, and a photochromic opener of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, termed CLOGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Trads
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Krystian A Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C David Weaver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David M Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
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Mondoloni S, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Mourot A. Cell-Specific Neuropharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:696-710. [PMID: 31400823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication involves a multitude of neurotransmitters and an outstanding diversity of receptors and ion channels. Linking the activity of cell surface receptors and ion channels in defined neural circuits to brain states and behaviors has been a key challenge in neuroscience, since cell targeting is not possible with traditional neuropharmacology. We review here recent technologies that enable the effect of drugs to be restricted to specific cell types, thereby allowing acute manipulation of the brain's own proteins with circuit specificity. We highlight the importance of developing cell-specific neuropharmacology strategies for decoding the nervous system with molecular and circuit precision, and for developing future therapeutics with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mondoloni
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Qazi R, Gomez AM, Castro DC, Zou Z, Sim JY, Xiong Y, Abdo J, Kim CY, Anderson A, Lohner F, Byun SH, Chul Lee B, Jang KI, Xiao J, Bruchas MR, Jeong JW. Wireless optofluidic brain probes for chronic neuropharmacology and photostimulation. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:655-669. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Morstein J, Trauner D. New players in phototherapy: photopharmacology and bio-integrated optoelectronics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang H, Guo H, Ya H, Yin J. Synthesis and properties of dithienylethene-functionalized switchable antibacterial agents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6988-6997. [PMID: 30229787 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology involving azobenzene has offered a viable alternative for combating bacterial resistance. However, the degradation and potential toxicity of azobenzene limit its further study in vivo. Therefore, searching for an appropriate photoswitch for further clinical application is highly desirable. Herein a series of dithienylethene-functionalized switchable antibacterial agents have been designed and prepared by the introduction of the dithienylethene scaffold into fluoroquinolones. And it was found that these switchable antibacterial agents displayed good photochromism and fluorescence switching behaviors upon irradiation with UV/Vis light in DMSO. Surprisingly, methoxy-substituted dithienylethenes 3a and 3b exhibited fluorescence turn-on behavior. Furthermore, it was found that all of the open-isomers showed partial antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus compared with the native drugs. Apart from 2a and 2b, the other switchable antibacterial agents showed a large difference in antibacterial activity on Gram-negative E. coli between the open and closed forms, in which the antimicrobial activity of the ring-closed isomers for 1b and 3b was 16 times that of the corresponding ring-open isomers. DFT calculations showed that the ring-closed isomers of 1b and 3b presented a rigid "S-type" conformation, which may be conducive to forming more stable complexes with the DNA gyrase of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Luoyang City, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
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47
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Tuszynski J, Tilli TM, Levin M. Ion Channel and Neurotransmitter Modulators as Electroceutical Approaches to the Control of Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:4827-4841. [PMID: 28554310 PMCID: PMC6340161 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170530105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activities of individual cells must be tightly coordinated in order to build and maintain complex 3-dimensional body structures during embryogenesis and regeneration. Thus, one way to view cancer is within systems biology as a network disorder affecting the ability of cells to properly interact with a morphodynamic field of instructive signals that keeps proliferation and migration orchestrated toward the anatomical needs of the host or-ganism. One layer of this set of instructive microenvironmental cues is bioelectrical. Voltage gradients among all somatic cells (not just excitable nerve and muscle) control cell behavior, and the ionic coupling of cells into networks via electrochemical synapses allows them to implement tissue-level patterning decisions. These gradients have been increasingly impli-cated in the induction and suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis, in the emerging links between developmental bioelectricity to the cancer problem. Consistent with the well-known role of neurotransmitter molecules in transducing electrical activity to downstream cascades in the brain, serotonergic signaling has likewise been implicated in cancer. Here, we review these recent data and propose new approaches for manipulating bioelectric and neurotransmitter pathways in cancer biology based on a bioelectric view of cancer. To sup-port this methodology, we present new data on the effects of the SSRI Prozac and its analog (ZINC ID = ZINC06811610) on survival of both cancer (MCF7) and normal (MCF10A) breast cells exposed to these compounds. We found an IC50 concentration (25 μM for Pro-zac and 100 μM for the Prozac analog) at which these compounds inhibited tumor cell sur-vival and proliferation. Additionally, at these concentrations, we did not observe alterations in a non-tumoral cell line. This constitutes a proof-of-concept demonstration for our hy-pothesis that the use of both existing and novel drugs as electroceuticals could serve as an alternative to highly toxic chemotherapy strategies replacing or augmenting them with less toxic alternatives. We believe this new approach forms an exciting roadmap for future bio-medical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Canada
| | - Tatiana M Tilli
- Laboratory of Biological System Modeling, National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Brazil
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, and Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155. United States
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Rustler K, Maleeva G, Bregestovski P, König B. Azologization of serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:780-788. [PMID: 30992726 PMCID: PMC6444460 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT3R) plays a unique role within the seven classes of the serotonin receptor family, as it represents the only ionotropic receptor, while the other six members are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The 5-HT3 receptor is related to chemo-/radiotherapy provoked emesis and dysfunction leads to neurodevelopmental disorders and psychopathologies. Since the development of the first serotonin receptor antagonist in the early 1990s, the range of highly selective and potent drugs expanded based on various chemical structures. Nevertheless, on-off-targeting of a pharmacophore's activity with high spatiotemporal resolution as provided by photopharmacology remains an unsolved challenge bearing additionally the opportunity for detailed receptor examination. In the presented work, we summarize the synthesis, photochromic properties and in vitro characterization of azobenzene-based photochromic derivatives of published 5-HT3R antagonists. Despite reported proof of principle of direct azologization, only one of the investigated derivatives showed antagonistic activity lacking isomer specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rustler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Galyna Maleeva
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Berry MH, Holt A, Salari A, Veit J, Visel M, Levitz J, Aghi K, Gaub BM, Sivyer B, Flannery JG, Isacoff EY. Restoration of high-sensitivity and adapting vision with a cone opsin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1221. [PMID: 30874546 PMCID: PMC6420663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited and age-related retinal degenerative diseases cause progressive loss of rod and cone photoreceptors, leading to blindness, but spare downstream retinal neurons, which can be targeted for optogenetic therapy. However, optogenetic approaches have been limited by either low light sensitivity or slow kinetics, and lack adaptation to changes in ambient light, and not been shown to restore object vision. We find that the vertebrate medium wavelength cone opsin (MW-opsin) overcomes these limitations and supports vision in dim light. MW-opsin enables an otherwise blind retinitis pigmenotosa mouse to discriminate temporal and spatial light patterns displayed on a standard LCD computer tablet, displays adaption to changes in ambient light, and restores open-field novel object exploration under incidental room light. By contrast, rhodopsin, which is similar in sensitivity but slower in light response and has greater rundown, fails these tests. Thus, MW-opsin provides the speed, sensitivity and adaptation needed to restore patterned vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Berry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amy Holt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Autoosa Salari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Julia Veit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meike Visel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Krisha Aghi
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaub
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Sivyer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - John G Flannery
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Telias M, Denlinger B, Helft Z, Thornton C, Beckwith-Cohen B, Kramer RH. Retinoic Acid Induces Hyperactivity, and Blocking Its Receptor Unmasks Light Responses and Augments Vision in Retinal Degeneration. Neuron 2019; 102:574-586.e5. [PMID: 30876849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light responses are initiated in photoreceptors, processed by interneurons, and synaptically transmitted to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send information to the brain. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding disease caused by photoreceptor degeneration, depriving downstream neurons of light-sensitive input. Photoreceptor degeneration also triggers hyperactive firing of RGCs, obscuring light responses initiated by surviving photoreceptors. Here we show that retinoic acid (RA), signaling through its receptor (RAR), is the trigger for hyperactivity. A genetically encoded reporter shows elevated RAR signaling in degenerated retinas from murine RP models. Enhancing RAR signaling in healthy retinas mimics the pathophysiology of degenerating retinas. Drug inhibition of RAR reduces hyperactivity in degenerating retinas and unmasks light responses in RGCs. Gene therapy inhibition of RAR increases innate and learned light-elicited behaviors in vision-impaired mice. Identification of RAR as the trigger for hyperactivity presents a degeneration-dependent therapeutic target for enhancing low vision in RP and other blinding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bristol Denlinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Helft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Casey Thornton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Billie Beckwith-Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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