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Zhao P, Cheng P, Wang J, Zhu G, Wang X. Shenqi Yizhi prescription prevents AβO-induced memory impairment in mice by regulating the contractility of brain pericytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155639. [PMID: 38669966 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microcirculation disturbance manifested by decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is one of early features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Shenqi Yizhi prescription (SQYZ) is widely used in the treatment of AD. However, the effect of SQYZ on the early feature of AD is not clarified. PURPOSE To explore the effect and mechanism of SQYZ on AD-like behavior from the perspective of early pathological features of AD. METHODS The fingerprint of SQYZ was established by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph. The improvement effect of SQYZ on Aβ1-42 Oligomer (AβO)-induced AD-like behavior of mice was evaluated by behavioral test. The changes of CBF were detected by laser doppler meter and laser speckle imaging. The pathological changes of the hippocampus were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscope. The expressions of intercellular communication molecules were detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The content of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was detected by ELISA. Finally, the core components of SQYZ were docked with platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) using AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS The similarity of the components in SQYZ extracted from different batches of medicinal materials was higher than 0.9. SQYZ administration could improve AβO-induced memory impairment and CBF reduction. Compared with the sham group, the number of neurons in the hippocampi of AβO group was significantly reduced, and the microvessels were shrunken and deformed. By contrary, SQYZ administration mitigated those pathological changes. Compared with the sham mice, the expressions of CD31, N-cadherin, PDGFRβ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, integrin β1, and integrin α5 in the hippocampi of AβO mice were significantly increased. However, SQYZ administration significantly reduced AβO-induced expression of those proteins. Interestingly, the effect of PDGFRβ inhibitor, sunitinib demonstrated a consistent modulating effect as SQYZ. Finally, the brain-entering components of SQYZ, including ginsenoside Rg5, coptisine, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone IIA, stigmasterol, and tanshinone IIA had high binding force with PDGFRβ, implicating PDGFRβ as a potential target for SQYZ. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that SQYZ improves CBF in AβO-triggered AD-like mice through inhibiting brain pericyte contractility, indicating the treatment potential of SQYZ for AD at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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2
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei L, Wang S. Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14535. [PMID: 38914585 PMCID: PMC11196732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid perfusion of cerebral arteries leads to a significant increase in intracranial blood volume, exposing patients with traumatic brain injury to the risk of diffuse brain swelling or malignant brain herniation during decompressive craniectomy. The microcirculation and venous system are also involved in this process, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. A physiological model of extremely high intracranial pressure was created in rats. This development triggered the TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis in microglia, and released many inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species, generating an excessive amount of peroxynitrite. Subsequently, the capillary wall cells especially pericytes exhibited severe degeneration and injury, the blood-brain barrier was disrupted, and a large number of blood cells were deposited within the microcirculation, resulting in a significant delay in the recovery of the microcirculation and venous blood flow compared to arterial flow, and this still persisted after decompressive craniectomy. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody bound to TNF-α that effectively reduces the activity of TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis. Treatment with Infliximab resulted in downregulation of inflammatory and oxidative-nitrative stress related factors, attenuation of capillary wall cells injury, and relative reduction of capillary hemostasis. These improved the delay in recovery of microcirculation and venous blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Zhang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yehuang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Qizuan Chen
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Liangfeng Wei
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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3
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Koula G, Yakati V, Rachamalla HK, Bhamidipati K, Kathirvel M, Banerjee R, Puvvada N. Integrin receptor-targeted, doxorubicin-loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles delivery to combat glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1389-1406. [PMID: 38912661 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2350357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the chemo-immunomodulatory effects of doxorubicin-loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles coated with oleyl amine-linked cyclic RGDfK peptide (CeNP+Dox+RGD) to target both gliomas and its tumor microenvironment (TME) via integrin receptors. Materials & methods: CeNP+Dox+RGD nanoparticles are synthesized by the sequential addition of cerium III chloride heptahydrate, beta-cyclodextrin, oleic acid, and F127 micelle (CeNP). Doxorubicin was then loaded into CeNPs and coated with oleyl amine-linked cyclic RGDfK peptide to form stable CeNP+Dox+RGD nanoparticles. Results: CeNP+Dox+RGD nanoparticles crossed blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively and demonstrated threefold enhanced survivability in glioma-bearing mice. The IHC profiling of glial tumor cross-sections showed increased CD80 expression (M1 TAMs) and decreased arginase-1 expression (M2 TAMs). Conclusion: CeNP+Dox+RGD can be an immunotherapeutic treatment option to combat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Koula
- Department of Oils, Lipids Sciences & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh (U.P), India
| | - Venu Yakati
- Department of Oils, Lipids Sciences & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh (U.P), India
| | - Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Department of Oils, Lipids Sciences & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh (U.P), India
| | - Keerti Bhamidipati
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh (U.P), India
| | - Muralidharan Kathirvel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Department of Oils, Lipids Sciences & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Department of Oils, Lipids Sciences & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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4
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Huang Q, Chan KY, Wu J, Botticello-Romero NR, Zheng Q, Lou S, Keyes C, Svanbergsson A, Johnston J, Mills A, Lin CY, Brauer PP, Clouse G, Pacouret S, Harvey JW, Beddow T, Hurley JK, Tobey IG, Powell M, Chen AT, Barry AJ, Eid FE, Chan YA, Deverman BE. An AAV capsid reprogrammed to bind human transferrin receptor mediates brain-wide gene delivery. Science 2024; 384:1220-1227. [PMID: 38753766 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm8386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing vehicles that efficiently deliver genes throughout the human central nervous system (CNS) will broaden the range of treatable genetic diseases. We engineered an adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, BI-hTFR1, that binds human transferrin receptor (TfR1), a protein expressed on the blood-brain barrier. BI-hTFR1 was actively transported across human brain endothelial cells and, relative to AAV9, provided 40 to 50 times greater reporter expression in the CNS of human TFRC knockin mice. The enhanced tropism was CNS-specific and absent in wild-type mice. When used to deliver GBA1, mutations of which cause Gaucher disease and are linked to Parkinson's disease, BI-hTFR1 substantially increased brain and cerebrospinal fluid glucocerebrosidase activity compared with AAV9. These findings establish BI-hTFR1 as a potential vector for human CNS gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Ken Y Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Nuria R Botticello-Romero
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Shan Lou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Casey Keyes
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jencilin Johnston
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Allan Mills
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Chin-Yen Lin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Pamela P Brauer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Gabrielle Clouse
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Simon Pacouret
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - John W Harvey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Thomas Beddow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jenna K Hurley
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Isabelle G Tobey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Megan Powell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Albert T Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Andrew J Barry
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Fatma-Elzahraa Eid
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Yujia A Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Benjamin E Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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5
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Trevino TN, Almousawi AA, Robinson KF, Fogel AB, Class J, Minshall RD, Tai LM, Richner JM, Lutz SE. Caveolin-1 mediates blood-brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 388:578309. [PMID: 38335781 PMCID: PMC11212674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) critically regulates BBB permeability, but its influence on the BBB and consequent neurological outcomes in respiratory viral infections is unknown. We used Cav-1-deficient mice with genetically encoded fluorescent endothelial tight junctions to determine how Cav-1 influences BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment following respiratory infection with mouse adapted (MA10) SARS-CoV-2 as a model for COVID-19. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection increased brain endothelial Cav-1 and increased transcellular BBB permeability to albumin, decreased paracellular BBB Claudin-5 tight junctions, and caused T lymphocyte infiltration in the hippocampus, a region important for learning and memory. Concordantly, we observed learning and memory deficits in SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Importantly, genetic deficiency in Cav-1 attenuated transcellular BBB permeability and paracellular BBB tight junction losses, T lymphocyte infiltration, and gliosis induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, Cav-1 KO mice were protected from the learning and memory deficits caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results establish the contribution of Cav-1 to BBB permeability and behavioral dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2 neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy N Trevino
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Ali A Almousawi
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - KaReisha F Robinson
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Avital B Fogel
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jake Class
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Justin M Richner
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah E Lutz
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, USA.
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6
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Jiang-Xie LF, Drieu A, Bhasiin K, Quintero D, Smirnov I, Kipnis J. Neuronal dynamics direct cerebrospinal fluid perfusion and brain clearance. Nature 2024; 627:157-164. [PMID: 38418877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Here we demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action potentials to create large-amplitude, rhythmic and self-perpetuating ionic waves in the interstitial fluid of the brain. These waves are a plausible mechanism to explain the correlated potentiation of the glymphatic flow1,2 through the brain parenchyma. Chemogenetic flattening of these high-energy ionic waves largely impeded cerebrospinal fluid infiltration into and clearance of molecules from the brain parenchyma. Notably, synthesized waves generated through transcranial optogenetic stimulation substantially potentiated cerebrospinal fluid-to-interstitial fluid perfusion. Our study demonstrates that neurons serve as master organizers for brain clearance. This fundamental principle introduces a new theoretical framework for the functioning of macroscopic brain waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Jiang-Xie
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kesshni Bhasiin
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Quintero
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Crouch EE, Diafos LN, Valenzuela EJ, Wedderburn-Pugh K, Birrueta JO, Caston J, Joseph T, Andrews MG, Bhaduri A, Huang EJ. Profiling human brain vascular cells using single-cell transcriptomics and organoids. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:603-628. [PMID: 38102365 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and neurogenesis are functionally interconnected during brain development. However, the study of the vasculature has trailed other brain cell types because they are delicate and of low abundance. Here we describe a protocol extension to purify prenatal human brain endothelial and mural cells with FACS and utilize them in downstream applications, including transcriptomics, culture and organoid transplantation. This approach is simple, efficient and generates high yields from small amounts of tissue. When the experiment is completed within a 24 h postmortem interval, these healthy cells produce high-quality data in single-cell transcriptomics experiments. These vascular cells can be cultured, passaged and expanded for many in vitro assays, including Matrigel vascular tube formation, microfluidic chambers and metabolic measurements. Under these culture conditions, primary vascular cells maintain expression of cell-type markers for at least 3 weeks. Finally, we describe how to use primary vascular cells for transplantation into cortical organoids, which captures key features of neurovascular interactions in prenatal human brain development. In terms of timing, tissue processing and staining requires ~3 h, followed by an additional 3 h of FACS. The transplant procedure of primary, FACS-purified vascular cells into cortical organoids requires an additional 2 h. The time required for different transcriptomic and epigenomic protocols can vary based on the specific application, and we offer strategies to mitigate batch effects and optimize data quality. In sum, this vasculo-centric approach offers an integrated platform to interrogate neurovascular interactions and human brain vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Loukas N Diafos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Valenzuela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janeth Ochoa Birrueta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jaela Caston
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tara Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeline G Andrews
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Pathology Service 113B, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Gu X, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu K, Li JJ, Lv W, Zeng L, Wu M, Zhou W, Wang W, Shi S, Deng Y, Li Y, Gao X, Ju R, Dubrac A, Liu X, Zhang F. Macrophage-induced integrin signaling promotes Schlemm's canal formation to prevent intraocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113799. [PMID: 38367239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Schlemm's canal (SC) functions to maintain proper intraocular pressure (IOP) by draining aqueous humor and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for glaucoma, the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing SC development and functionality remains limited. Here, we show that vitronectin (VTN) produced by limbal macrophages promotes SC formation and prevents intraocular hypertension by activating integrin αvβ3 signaling. Genetic inactivation of this signaling system inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1 and reduced β-catenin activity and FOXC2 expression, thereby causing impaired Prox1 expression and deteriorated SC morphogenesis. This ultimately led to increased IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Intriguingly, we found that aged SC displayed downregulated integrin β3 in association with dampened Prox1 expression. Conversely, FOXO1 inhibition rejuvenated the aged SC by inducing Prox1 expression and SC regrowth, highlighting a possible strategy by targeting VTN/integrin αvβ3 signaling to improve SC functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shunhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yicheng Deng
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Centre de Recherche, CHU St. Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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9
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Nirwane A, Kang M, Adithan A, Maharaj V, Nguyen F, Santaella Aguilar E, Nasrollahi A, Yao Y. Endothelial and mural laminin-α5 contributes to neurovascular integrity maintenance. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38383451 PMCID: PMC10882802 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminin-α5, a major component of the basal lamina, is predominantly synthesized by endothelial and mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells) in the CNS. Loss of laminin-α5 in either population fails to induce any abnormalities due to functional redundancy. Thus, the functional significance of laminin-α5 in neurovascular integrity remains unknown. Here, we hypothesize that ablation of laminin-α5 in both endothelial and mural cells increases neurovascular permeability. METHODS The compound knockout mice were generated by crossing laminin-α5 floxed mice with Tie2-Cre and PDGFRβ-Cre, which target endothelial cells and mural cells, respectively. Neurovascular permeability in these mutants was determined with both exogenous and endogenous tracers. Endothelial paracellular and transcellular permeability was assessed by examining the expression of tight junction proteins and transcytosis-associated proteins. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize tight junction ultrastructure and endothelial caveolae vesicles. Defects in pericytes and astrocytes were investigated by examining pericyte coverage/contact and astrocyte polarity. RESULTS Elevated neurovascular permeability was observed in the mutants. Subsequent studies found increased Caveolin-1 and decreased major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (MFSD2A) expression, but unaltered Claudin-5 or zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression. Consistent with these results, mutant mice exhibited increased endothelial caveolae vesicle number with intact tight junction structure under TEM. Additionally, pericyte coverage and contact were also decreased in the mutant mice, while astrocyte polarity was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly indicate that endothelial and mural cell-derived laminin-α5 actively maintains neurovascular integrity via the transcellular rather than paracellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aravinthan Adithan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vrishni Maharaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Felicia Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elliot Santaella Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ava Nasrollahi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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10
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Limone F, Couto A, Wang JY, Zhang Y, McCourt B, Huang C, Minkin A, Jani M, McNeer S, Keaney J, Gillet G, Gonzalez RL, Goodman WA, Kadiu I, Eggan K, Burberry A. Myeloid and lymphoid expression of C9orf72 regulates IL-17A signaling in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg7895. [PMID: 38295187 PMCID: PMC11247723 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A mutation in C9ORF72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Patients with ALS or FTD often develop autoimmunity and inflammation that precedes or coincides with the onset of neurological symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we knocked out murine C9orf72 in seven hematopoietic progenitor compartments by conditional mutagenesis and found that myeloid lineage C9orf72 prevents splenomegaly, loss of tolerance, and premature mortality. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C9orf72 plays a role in lymphoid cells to prevent interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production and neutrophilia. Mass cytometry identified early and sustained elevation of the costimulatory molecule CD80 expressed on C9orf72-deficient mouse macrophages, monocytes, and microglia. Enrichment of CD80 was similarly observed in human spinal cord microglia from patients with C9ORF72-mediated ALS compared with non-ALS controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine spinal cord, brain cortex, and spleen demonstrated coordinated induction of gene modules related to antigen processing and presentation and antiviral immunity in C9orf72-deficient endothelial cells, microglia, and macrophages. Mechanistically, C9ORF72 repressed the trafficking of CD80 to the cell surface in response to Toll-like receptor agonists, interferon-γ, and IL-17A. Deletion of Il17a in C9orf72-deficient mice prevented CD80 enrichment in the spinal cord, reduced neutrophilia, and reduced gut T helper type 17 cells. Last, systemic delivery of an IL-17A neutralizing antibody augmented motor performance and suppressed neuroinflammation in C9orf72-deficient mice. Altogether, we show that C9orf72 orchestrates myeloid costimulatory potency and provide support for IL-17A as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation associated with ALS or FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Limone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Couto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Blake McCourt
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Cerianne Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Adina Minkin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Marghi Jani
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sarah McNeer
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James Keaney
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Gillet
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44196, USA
| | - Wendy A. Goodman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Irena Kadiu
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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11
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van Splunder H, Villacampa P, Martínez-Romero A, Graupera M. Pericytes in the disease spotlight. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:58-71. [PMID: 37474376 PMCID: PMC10777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are known as the mural cells in small-caliber vessels that interact closely with the endothelium. Pericytes play a key role in vasculature formation and homeostasis, and when dysfunctional contribute to vasculature-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, significant extravascular roles of pathological pericytes are being discovered with relevant implications for cancer and fibrosis. Pericyte research is challenged by the lack of consistent molecular markers and clear discrimination criteria versus other (mural) cells. However, advances in single-cell approaches are uncovering and clarifying mural cell identities, biological functions, and ontogeny across organs. We discuss the latest developments in pericyte pathobiology to inform future research directions and potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Shang J, Li W, Zhang H, Wang W, Liu N, Gao D, Wang F, Yan X, Gao C, Sun R, Zhang H, Ma K, Shao F, Zhang J. C-kit controls blood-brain barrier permeability by regulating caveolae-mediated transcytosis after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115778. [PMID: 38141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathology of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-related neurodegenerative diseases. Continuous endothelial cells (EC) that line the blood vessels of the brain are important components of the BBB to strictly control the flow of substances and maintain the homeostatic environment of the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms from the perspective of EC-induced BBB dysfunction after CCH are largely unknown. In this study, the BBB function was assessed using immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy. The EC dysfunction profile was screened by using EC enrichment followed by RNA sequencing. After identified the key EC dysfunction factor, C-kit, we used the C-kit inhibition drug (imatinib) and C-kit down-regulation method (AAV-BR1-C-kit shRNA) to verify the role of C-kit on BBB integrity and EC transcytosis after CCH. Furthermore, we also activated C-kit with stem cell factor (SCF) to observe the effects of C-kit on BBB following CCH. We explored that macromolecular proteins entered the brain mainly through EC transcytosis after CCH and caused neuronal loss. Additionally, we identified receptor tyrosine kinase C-kit as a key EC dysfunction molecule. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of C-kit with imatinib counteracted BBB leakage by reducing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. Moreover, treatment with AAV-BR1-C-kit shRNA, which targets brain EC to inhibit C-kit expression, also ameliorated BBB leakage by reducing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. Furthermore, the SCF increased the permeability of the BBB by actively increasing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. This study provides evidence that C-kit is a key BBB permeability regulator through caveolae-mediated transcytosis in EC after CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
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13
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You TY, Dong Q, Cui M. Emerging Links between Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Cognitive Decline: A Role for Brain Microvascular Pericytes. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1204. [PMID: 37163446 PMCID: PMC10389833 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with vascular etiology has been of considerable interest in the development of dementia. Recent studies have started to uncover cerebral blood flow deficits in initiating cognitive deterioration. Brain microvascular pericytes, the only type of contractile cells in capillaries, are involved in the precise modulation of vascular hemodynamics due to their ability to regulate resistance in the capillaries. They exhibit potential in maintaining the capillary network geometry and basal vascular tone. In addition, pericytes can facilitate better blood flow supply in response to neurovascular coupling. Their dysfunction is thought to disturb cerebral blood flow causing metabolic imbalances or structural injuries, leading to consequent cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of microvascular pericytes in brain blood flow regulation and outline the framework of a two-hit hypothesis in cognitive decline, where we emphasize how pericytes serve as targets of cerebral blood flow dysregulation that occurs with neurological challenges, ranging from genetic factors, aging, and pathological proteins to ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Gong X, Wang N, Zhu H, Tang N, Wu K, Meng Q. Anti-NMDAR antibodies, the blood-brain barrier, and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1283511. [PMID: 38145121 PMCID: PMC10748502 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1283511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis. It is characterized by the existence of antibodies against NMDAR, mainly against the GluN1 subunit, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent research suggests that anti-NMDAR antibodies may reduce NMDAR levels in this disorder, compromising synaptic activity in the hippocampus. Although anti-NMDAR antibodies are used as diagnostic indicators, the origin of antibodies in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the brain from the peripheral circulatory system, is crucial for antibodies and immune cells to enter or exit the CNS. The findings of cytokines in this disorder support the involvement of the BBB. Here, we aim to review the function of NMDARs and the relationship between anti-NMDAR antibodies and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We summarize the present knowledge of the composition of the BBB, especially by emphasizing the role of BBB components. Finally, we further provide a discussion on the impact of BBB dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarong Gong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of MR, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Niya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunhua Wu
- Department of MR, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Hu S, Yang B, Shu S, He X, Sang H, Fan X, Zhang H. Targeting Pericytes for Functional Recovery in Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:457-470. [PMID: 37166748 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes surrounding endothelial cells in the capillaries are emerging as an attractive cell resource, which can show a large variety of functions in ischemic stroke, including preservation of the blood-brain barrier, regulation of immune function, and support for cerebral vasculature. These functions have been fully elucidated in previous studies. However, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that pericytes play an important role in neurological recovery after ischemic stroke due to their regenerative function which can be summarized in two aspects according to current discoveries, one is that pericytes are thought to be multipotential themselves, and the other is that pericytes can promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Considering the neuroprotective treatment for stroke has not been much progressed in recent years, new therapies targeting pericytes may be a future direction. Here, we will review the beneficial effects of pericytes in ischemic stroke from two directions: the barrier and vascular functions and the regenerative functions of pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Teske NC, Dyckhoff-Shen S, Beckenbauer P, Bewersdorf JP, Engelen-Lee JY, Hammerschmidt S, Kälin RE, Pfister HW, Brouwer MC, Klein M, Glass R, van de Beek D, Koedel U. Pericytes are protective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis through regulating leukocyte infiltration and blood-brain barrier function. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:267. [PMID: 37978545 PMCID: PMC10655320 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain pericytes participate in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. Because of their perivascular localization, their receptor repertoire, and their potential ability to respond to inflammatory and infectious stimuli by producing various cytokines and chemokines, these cells are also thought to play an active role in the immune response to brain infections. This assumption is mainly supported by in vitro studies, investigations in in vivo disease models are largely missing. Here, we analysed the role of brain pericytes in pneumococcal meningitis, in vitro and in vivo in two animal models of pneumococcal meningitis. METHODS Primary murine and human pericytes were stimulated with increasing concentrations of different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the presence or absence of Toll-like receptor inhibitors and their cell viability and cytokine production were monitored. To gain insight into the role of pericytes in brain infection in vivo, we performed studies in a zebrafish embryo model of pneumococcal meningitis in which pericytes were pharmacologically depleted. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of genetically induced pericyte ablation on disease progression, intracranial complications, and brain inflammation in an adult mouse model of this disease. RESULTS Both murine and human pericytes reacted to pneumococcal exposure with the release of selected cytokines. This cytokine release is pneumolysin-dependent, TLR-dependent in murine (but not human) pericytes and can be significantly increased by macrophage-derived IL-1b. Pharmacological depletion of pericytes in zebrafish embryos resulted in increased cerebral edema and mortality due to pneumococcal meningitis. Correspondingly, in an adult mouse meningitis model, a more pronounced blood-brain barrier disruption and leukocyte infiltration, resulting in an unfavorable disease course, was observed following genetic pericyte ablation. The degree of leukocyte infiltration positively correlated with an upregulation of chemokine expression in the brains of pericyte-depleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that pericytes play a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by impeding leukocyte migration and preventing blood-brain barrier breaching. Thus, preserving the integrity of the pericyte population has the potential as a new therapeutic strategy in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Teske
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Paul Beckenbauer
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Joo-Yeon Engelen-Lee
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Walter Pfister
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Klein
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Yuan H, Sun D, Ji Y, Meng B, Lu B, Liu R, Xing X, Wang R, Chen J. Pericyte loss impairs the blood-brain barrier and cognitive function in aged mice after anesthesia/surgery. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110799. [PMID: 38867419 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to investigate the role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). METHODS In this study, we established a PND model via sevoflurane anesthesia and tibial fracture surgery in 2-month-old and 16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. On the third postoperative day, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing or sacrificed to collect brain tissue. The progression of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation was detected using transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence. We also used western blotting to measure the levels of plasma-derived protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin in the hippocampus to assess the leakage of the BBB. RESULTS Aged mice did not experience age-related cognitive decline and BBB disruption compared with younger mice but only increased glial cell activity. Anesthesia/Surgery damaged cognitive function, reduced pericyte coverage, decreased the length of capillaries and levels of occludin and claudin-5, destroyed the structure of the BBB, exacerbated IgG and albumin accumulation in the hippocampus, and enhanced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of aged mice. However, these negative effects did not occur in young mice. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the loss of pericytes led to increased BBB permeability and neuroinflammation after anesthesia/surgery in aged mice, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Daofan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rongjun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Ruichun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Junping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
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18
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Wang X, Song B, Wang Z, Qin L, Liang W. The innovative design of a delivery and real-time tracer system for anti-encephalitis drugs that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2023; 363:136-148. [PMID: 37742845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As a "wall" between blood flow and brain cells, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes it really difficult for drugs to cross this barrier and work. This is particularly the case for pharmaceuticals of acute encephalitis therapies, largely excluded from the brain following systemic administration. Herein we report an advanced drug delivery system that can cross the BBB and target acute inflammation based on the controlled release of macrophage-camouflaged glow nanoparticles via a Trojan horse strategy. Benefiting from afterglow imaging that eliminates background interference and RAW 264.7 cells (RAW) with special immune homing and long-term tracking capabilities, polydopamine (PDA)-modified afterglow nanoparticles (ANPs) as near-infrared photo-responsive drug carriers in a controlled delivery system camouflaged by macrophages can penetrate the BBB by crossing the intercellular space and trigger the anti-inflammatory drug by photothermal conversion in the brain parenchyma dexamethasone (Dex) release, exhibiting good acute inflammation recognition and healing ability. APD@RAW was monitored to cross the BBB and image deep brain inflamed areas in a model of acute brain inflammation. Meanwhile, the delivered Dex mitigated the brain damage caused by inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Overall, this drug delivery system holds excellent potential for BBB penetrating and acute encephalitis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Baoqin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Wanjun Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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19
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Xue S, Zhou X, Yang ZH, Si XK, Sun X. Stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248970. [PMID: 37840921 PMCID: PMC10569696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional phenotype exhibited by the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is maintained and regulated by the interaction between cellular and non-cellular matrix components of the NVU. The BBB plays a vital role in maintaining the dynamic stability of the intracerebral microenvironment as a barrier layer at the critical interface between the blood and neural tissues. The large contact area (approximately 20 m2/1.3 kg brain) and short diffusion distance between neurons and capillaries allow endothelial cells to dominate the regulatory role. The NVU is a structural component of the BBB. Individual cells and components of the NVU work together to maintain BBB stability. One of the hallmarks of acute ischemic stroke is the disruption of the BBB, including impaired function of the tight junction and other molecules, as well as increased BBB permeability, leading to brain edema and a range of clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the cellular composition of the BBB and describes the protein composition of the barrier functional junction complex and the mechanisms regulating acute ischemic stroke-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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O'Brown NM, Patel NB, Hartmann U, Klein AM, Gu C, Megason SG. The secreted neuronal signal Spock1 promotes blood-brain barrier development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1534-1547.e6. [PMID: 37437574 PMCID: PMC10525910 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique set of properties of the brain vasculature which severely restrict its permeability to proteins and small molecules. Classic chick-quail chimera studies have shown that these properties are not intrinsic to the brain vasculature but rather are induced by surrounding neural tissue. Here, we identify Spock1 as a candidate neuronal signal for regulating BBB permeability in zebrafish and mice. Mosaic genetic analysis shows that neuronally expressed Spock1 is cell non-autonomously required for a functional BBB. Leakage in spock1 mutants is associated with altered extracellular matrix (ECM), increased endothelial transcytosis, and altered pericyte-endothelial interactions. Furthermore, a single dose of recombinant SPOCK1 partially restores BBB function in spock1 mutants by quenching gelatinase activity and restoring vascular expression of BBB genes including mcamb. These analyses support a model in which neuronally secreted Spock1 initiates BBB properties by altering the ECM, thereby regulating pericyte-endothelial interactions and downstream vascular gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M O'Brown
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nikit B Patel
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chenghua Gu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Nakamura K, Ago T. Pericyte-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1085-1094. [PMID: 37394570 PMCID: PMC10499454 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are still many patients suffering from ischemic stroke and related disabilities worldwide. To develop a treatment that promotes functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke, we need to elucidate endogenous tissue repair mechanisms. The concept of a neurovascular unit (NVU) indicates the importance of a complex orchestration of cell-cell interactions and their microenvironment in the physiology and pathophysiology of various central nervous system diseases, particularly ischemic stroke. In this concept, microvascular pericytes play a crucial role in regulating the blood-brain barrier integrity, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and vascular stability. Recent evidence suggests that pericytes are also involved in the tissue repair leading to functional recovery following acute ischemic stroke through the interaction with other cell types constituting the NVU; pericytes may organize CBF recovery, macrophage-mediated clearance of myelin debris, intrainfarct fibrosis, and periinfarct astrogliosis and remyelination. In this review, we will discuss the physiological and pathophysiological functions of pericytes, their involvement in the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue repair and functional recovery after ischemic stroke, and a therapeutic strategy to promote endogenous regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Zhang L, Abedin M, Jo HN, Levey J, Dinh QC, Chen Z, Angers S, Junge HJ. A Frizzled4-LRP5 agonist promotes blood-retina barrier function by inducing a Norrin-like transcriptional response. iScience 2023; 26:107415. [PMID: 37559903 PMCID: PMC10407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Norrin (NDP) and WNT7A/B induce and maintain the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier (BBB, BRB) by stimulating the Frizzled4-LDL receptor related protein 5/6 (FZD4-LRP5/6) complex to induce beta-catenin-dependent signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently developed agonists for the FZD4-LRP5 complex have therapeutic potential in retinal and neurological diseases. Here, we use the tetravalent antibody modality F4L5.13 to identify agonist activities in Tspan12-/- mice, which display a complex retinal pathology due to impaired NDP-signaling. F4L5.13 administration during development alleviates BRB defects, retinal hypovascularization, and restores neural function. In mature Tspan12-/- mice F4L5.13 partially induces a BRB de novo without inducing angiogenesis. In a genetic model of impaired BRB maintenance, administration of F4L5.13 rapidly and substantially restores the BRB. scRNA-seq reveals perturbations of key mediators of barrier functions in juvenile Tspan12-/- mice, which are in large parts restored after F4L5.13 administration. This study identifies transcriptional and functional activities of FZD4-LRP5 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Md. Abedin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ha-Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacklyn Levey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Quynh Chau Dinh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harald J. Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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23
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Fitz NF, Sahu A, Lu Y, Ambrosio F, Lefterov I, Koldamova R. Extracellular Vesicles in Young Serum Contribute to the Restoration of Age-Related Brain Transcriptomes and Cognition in Old Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12550. [PMID: 37628730 PMCID: PMC10454174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential to the beneficial effect of young serum on the skeletal muscle regenerative cascade. Here, we show that infusions of young serum significantly improve age-associated memory deficits, and that these effects are abolished after serum depletion of EVs. RNA-seq analysis of the choroid plexus demonstrates EV-mediated effects on genes involved in barrier function and trans-barrier transport. Comparing the differentially expressed genes to recently published chronological aging clock genes reveals a reversal of transcriptomic aging in the choroid plexus. Following young serum treatment, the hippocampal transcriptome demonstrates significant upregulation of the anti-aging gene Klotho, along with an abrogated effect after EV depletion. Transcriptomic profiling of Klotho knockout and heterozygous mice shows the downregulation of genes associated with transport, exocytosis, and lipid transport, while upregulated genes are associated with activated microglia. The results of our study indicate the significance of EVs as vehicles to deliver signals from the periphery to the brain and the importance of Klotho in maintaining brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F. Fitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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24
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Crouch EE, Joseph T, Marsan E, Huang EJ. Disentangling brain vasculature in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration using single-cell transcriptomics. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:551-565. [PMID: 37210315 PMCID: PMC10560453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is increasingly recognized to impact brain function in health and disease across the life span. During embryonic brain development, angiogenesis and neurogenesis are tightly coupled, coordinating the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural and glial progenitors. In the adult brain, neurovascular interactions continue to play essential roles in maintaining brain function and homeostasis. This review focuses on recent advances that leverage single-cell transcriptomics of vascular cells to uncover their subtypes, their organization and zonation in the embryonic and adult brain, and how dysfunction in neurovascular and gliovascular interactions contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we highlight key challenges for future research in neurovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tara Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elise Marsan
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pathology Service (113B), San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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25
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Chen W, Yu H, Sun C, Dong M, Zhao N, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang J, Xu N, Liu W. γ-Bungarotoxin impairs the vascular endothelial barrier function by inhibiting integrin α5. Toxicol Lett 2023; 383:177-191. [PMID: 37392970 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-bungarotoxin (γ-BGT) is an RGD motif-containing protein, derived from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, leading to acute death in mice. These RGD motif-containing proteins from snake venom belonging to the disintegrin family can interfere with vascular endothelial homeostasis by directly binding cell surface integrins. Targeting integrins that generate vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to γ-BGT poisoning, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the results showed that γ-BGT played a role in -promoting the permeability of the vascular endothelial barrier. Depending on its selective binding to integrin α5 in vascular endothelium (VE), γ-BGT initiated downstream events, including focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in the intercellular junction interruption. Those alternations facilitated paracellular permeability of VE and barrier dysfunction. Proteomics profiling identified that as a downstream effector of the integrin α5 / FAK signaling pathway cyclin D1 partially mediated the cellular structural changes and barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, VE-released plasminogen activator urokinase and platelet-derived growth factor D could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for γ-BGT-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate the mechanisms through which γ-BGT as a novel disintegrin directly interacts with the VE, with consequences for barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China.
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26
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Iadecola C, Smith EE, Anrather J, Gu C, Mishra A, Misra S, Perez-Pinzon MA, Shih AY, Sorond FA, van Veluw SJ, Wellington CL. The Neurovasculome: Key Roles in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023; 54:e251-e271. [PMID: 37009740 PMCID: PMC10228567 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of brain health has emerged as a leading public health priority for the aging world population. Advances in neurovascular biology have revealed an intricate relationship among brain cells, meninges, and the hematic and lymphatic vasculature (the neurovasculome) that is highly relevant to the maintenance of cognitive function. In this scientific statement, a multidisciplinary team of experts examines these advances, assesses their relevance to brain health and disease, identifies knowledge gaps, and provides future directions. METHODS Authors with relevant expertise were selected in accordance with the American Heart Association conflict-of-interest management policy. They were assigned topics pertaining to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature, and summarized the available data. RESULTS The neurovasculome, composed of extracranial, intracranial, and meningeal vessels, as well as lymphatics and associated cells, subserves critical homeostatic functions vital for brain health. These include delivering O2 and nutrients through blood flow and regulating immune trafficking, as well as clearing pathogenic proteins through perivascular spaces and dural lymphatics. Single-cell omics technologies have unveiled an unprecedented molecular heterogeneity in the cellular components of the neurovasculome and have identified novel reciprocal interactions with brain cells. The evidence suggests a previously unappreciated diversity of the pathogenic mechanisms by which disruption of the neurovasculome contributes to cognitive dysfunction in neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new opportunities for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS These advances shed new light on the symbiotic relationship between the brain and its vessels and promise to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for brain disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
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27
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Payne LB, Abdelazim H, Hoque M, Barnes A, Mironovova Z, Willi CE, Darden J, Houk C, Sedovy MW, Johnstone SR, Chappell JC. A Soluble Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Originates via Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Healthy Brain and Is Upregulated during Hypoxia and Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:711. [PMID: 37189457 PMCID: PMC10136073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) pathway provides critical regulation of cerebrovascular pericytes, orchestrating their investment and retention within the brain microcirculation. Dysregulated PDGF Receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) signaling can lead to pericyte defects that compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral perfusion, impairing neuronal activity and viability, which fuels cognitive and memory deficits. Receptor tyrosine kinases such as PDGF-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) are often modulated by soluble isoforms of cognate receptors that establish signaling activity within a physiological range. Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) isoforms have been reported to form by enzymatic cleavage from cerebrovascular mural cells, and pericytes in particular, largely under pathological conditions. However, pre-mRNA alternative splicing has not been widely explored as a possible mechanism for generating sPDGFRβ variants, and specifically during tissue homeostasis. Here, we found sPDGFRβ protein in the murine brain and other tissues under normal, physiological conditions. Utilizing brain samples for follow-on analysis, we identified mRNA sequences corresponding to sPDGFRβ isoforms, which facilitated construction of predicted protein structures and related amino acid sequences. Human cell lines yielded comparable sequences and protein model predictions. Retention of ligand binding capacity was confirmed for sPDGFRβ by co-immunoprecipitation. Visualizing fluorescently labeled sPDGFRβ transcripts revealed a spatial distribution corresponding to murine brain pericytes alongside cerebrovascular endothelium. Soluble PDGFRβ protein was detected throughout the brain parenchyma in distinct regions, such as along the lateral ventricles, with signals also found more broadly adjacent to cerebral microvessels consistent with pericyte labeling. To better understand how sPDGFRβ variants might be regulated, we found elevated transcript and protein levels in the murine brain with age, and acute hypoxia increased sPDGFRβ variant transcripts in a cell-based model of intact vessels. Our findings indicate that soluble isoforms of PDGFRβ likely arise from pre-mRNA alternative splicing, in addition to enzymatic cleavage mechanisms, and these variants exist under normal physiological conditions. Follow-on studies will be needed to establish potential roles for sPDGFRβ in regulating PDGF-BB signaling to maintain pericyte quiescence, BBB integrity, and cerebral perfusion-critical processes underlying neuronal health and function, and in turn, memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Hanaa Abdelazim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Maruf Hoque
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Audra Barnes
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zuzana Mironovova
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Caroline E. Willi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Clifton Houk
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Meghan W. Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Scott R. Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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Keep RF, Jones HC, Hamilton MG, Drewes LR. A year in review: brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2022. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37085841 PMCID: PMC10120509 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This aim of this editorial is to highlight progress made in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2022. It covers studies on the blood-brain, blood-retina and blood-CSF barriers (choroid plexus and meninges), signaling within the neurovascular unit and elements of the brain fluid systems. It further discusses how brain barriers and brain fluid systems are impacted in CNS diseases, their role in disease progression and progress being made in treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | - Mark G Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lester R Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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Zhang ZS, Liu YY, He SS, Bao DQ, Wang HC, Zhang J, Peng XY, Zang JT, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Li QH, Li T, Liu LM. Pericytes protect rats and mice from sepsis-induced injuries by maintaining vascular reactivity and barrier function: implication of miRNAs and microvesicles. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 36907884 PMCID: PMC10010010 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular hyporeactivity and leakage are key pathophysiologic features that produce multi-organ damage upon sepsis. We hypothesized that pericytes, a group of pluripotent cells that maintain vascular integrity and tension, are protective against sepsis via regulating vascular reactivity and permeability. METHODS We conducted a series of in vivo experiments using wild-type (WT), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β)-Cre + mT/mG transgenic mice and Tie2-Cre + Cx43flox/flox mice to examine the relative contribution of pericytes in sepsis, either induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In a separate set of experiments with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, pericytes were depleted using CP-673451, a selective PDGFR-β inhibitor, at a dosage of 40 mg/(kg·d) for 7 consecutive days. Cultured pericytes, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for mechanistic investigations. The effects of pericytes and pericyte-derived microvesicles (PCMVs) and candidate miRNAs on vascular reactivity and barrier function were also examined. RESULTS CLP and LPS induced severe injury/loss of pericytes, vascular hyporeactivity and leakage (P < 0.05). Transplantation with exogenous pericytes protected vascular reactivity and barrier function via microvessel colonization (P < 0.05). Cx43 knockout in either pericytes or VECs reduced pericyte colonization in microvessels (P < 0.05). Additionally, PCMVs transferred miR-145 and miR-132 to VSMCs and VECs, respectively, exerting a protective effect on vascular reactivity and barrier function after sepsis (P < 0.05). miR-145 primarily improved the contractile response of VSMCs by activating the sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)1/phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 pathway, whereas miR-132 effectively improved the barrier function of VECs by activating the Sphk2/S1PR2/zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial-cadherin pathways. CONCLUSIONS Pericytes are protective against sepsis through regulating vascular reactivity and barrier function. Possible mechanisms include both direct colonization of microvasculature and secretion of PCMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Sen Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yi-Yan Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Shuang-Shuang He
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Dai-Qin Bao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Hong-Chen Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Xiao-Yong Peng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Jia-Tao Zang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Qing-Hui Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Tao Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Shock and Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
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Payne LB, Abdelazim H, Hoque M, Barnes A, Mironovova Z, Willi CE, Darden J, Jenkins-Houk C, Sedovy MW, Johnstone SR, Chappell JC. A Soluble Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Originates via Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Healthy Brain and is Differentially Regulated during Hypoxia and Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527005. [PMID: 36778261 PMCID: PMC9915746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) pathway provides critical regulation of cerebrovascular pericytes, orchestrating their investment and retention within the brain microcirculation. Dysregulated PDGF Receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) signaling can lead to pericyte defects that compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral perfusion, impairing neuronal activity and viability, which fuels cognitive and memory deficits. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) like PDGF-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) are often modulated by soluble isoforms of cognate receptors that establish signaling activity within a physiological range. Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) isoforms have been reported to form by enzymatic cleavage from cerebrovascular mural cells, and pericytes in particular, largely under pathological conditions. However, pre-mRNA alternative splicing has not been widely explored as a possible mechanism for generating sPDGFRβ variants, and specifically during tissue homeostasis. Here, we found sPDGFRβ protein in the murine brain and other tissues under normal, physiological conditions. Utilizing brain samples for follow-on analysis, we identified mRNA sequences corresponding to sPDGFRβ isoforms, which facilitated construction of predicted protein structures and related amino acid sequences. Human cell lines yielded comparable sequences and protein model predictions. Retention of ligand binding capacity was confirmed for sPDGFRβ by co-immunoprecipitation. Visualizing fluorescently labeled sPDGFRβ transcripts revealed a spatial distribution corresponding to murine brain pericytes alongside cerebrovascular endothelium. Soluble PDGFRβ protein was detected throughout the brain parenchyma in distinct regions such as along the lateral ventricles, with signals also found more broadly adjacent to cerebral microvessels consistent with pericyte labeling. To better understand how sPDGFRβ variants might be regulated, we found elevated transcript and protein levels in the murine brain with age, and acute hypoxia increased sPDGFRβ variant transcripts in a cell-based model of intact vessels. Our findings indicate that soluble isoforms of PDGFRβ likely arise from pre-mRNA alternative splicing, in addition to enzymatic cleavage mechanisms, and these variants exist under normal physiological conditions. Follow-on studies will be needed to establish potential roles for sPDGFRβ in regulating PDGF-BB signaling to maintain pericyte quiescence, BBB integrity, and cerebral perfusion - critical processes underlying neuronal health and function, and in turn memory and cognition.
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Abstract
The endothelium is a dynamic, semipermeable layer lining all blood vessels, regulating blood vessel formation and barrier function. Proper composition and function of the endothelial barrier are required for fluid homeostasis, and clinical conditions characterized by barrier disruption are associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates. Endothelial barrier properties are regulated by cell-cell junctions and intracellular signaling pathways governing the cytoskeleton, but recent insights indicate an increasingly important role for integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and signaling in endothelial barrier regulation. Here, we discuss diseases characterized by endothelial barrier disruption, and provide an overview of the composition of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion complexes and associated signaling pathways, their crosstalk with cell-cell junctions, and with other receptors. We further present recent insights into the role of cell-matrix adhesions in the developing and mature/adult endothelium of various vascular beds, and discuss how the dynamic regulation and turnover of cell-matrix adhesions regulates endothelial barrier function in (patho)physiological conditions like angiogenesis, inflammation and in response to hemodynamic stress. Finally, as clinical conditions associated with vascular leak still lack direct treatment, we focus on how understanding of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion may provide novel targets for treatment, and discuss current translational challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the NetherlandsInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, the Netherlands (C.M.)
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Initial and ongoing tobacco smoking elicits vascular damage and distinct inflammatory response linked to neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 28:100597. [PMID: 36817509 PMCID: PMC9931921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is strongly linked to vascular damage contributing to the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, as well as increasing the risk for neurodegeneration. Still, the involvement of the innate immune system in the development of vascular damage upon chronic tobacco use before the onset of clinical symptoms is not fully characterized. Our data provide evidence that a single acute exposure to tobacco elicits the secretion of extracellular vesicles expressing CD105 and CD49e from endothelial cells, granting further recognition of early preclinical biomarkers of vascular damage. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of smoking on the immune system of healthy asymptomatic chronic smokers compared to never-smokers, focusing on the innate immune system. Our data reveal a distinct immune landscape representative for early stages of vascular damage in clinically asymptomatic chronic smokers, before tobacco smoking related diseases develop. These results indicate a dysregulated immuno-vascular axis in chronic tobacco smokers that are otherwise considered as healthy individuals. The distinct alterations are characterized by increased CD36 expression by the blood monocyte subsets, neutrophilia and increased plasma IL-18 and reduced levels of IL-33, IL-10 and IL-8. Additionally, reduced levels of circulating BDNF and elevated sTREM2, which are associated with neurodegeneration, suggest a considerable impact of tobacco smoking on CNS function in clinically healthy individuals. These findings provide profound insight into the initial and ongoing effects of tobacco smoking and the potential vascular damage contributing to neurodegenerative disorders, specifically cerebrovascular dysfunction and dementia.
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Biose IJ, Ismael S, Ouvrier B, White AL, Bix GJ. The Potential Role of Integrin Signaling in Memory and Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010108. [PMID: 36671492 PMCID: PMC9855855 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia currently has no cure and, due to the increased prevalence and associated economic and personal burden of this condition, current research efforts for the development of potential therapies have intensified. Recently, targeting integrins as a strategy to ameliorate dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment has begun to gain traction. Integrins are major bidirectional signaling receptors in mammalian cells, mediating various physiological processes such as cell-cell interaction and cell adhesion, and are also known to bind to the extracellular matrix. In particular, integrins play a critical role in the synaptic transmission of signals, hence their potential contribution to memory formation and significance in cognitive impairment. In this review, we describe the physiological roles that integrins play in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in the formation of memories. We also provide a clear overview of how integrins are implicated in BBB disruption following cerebral pathology. Given that vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia and Alzheimer's' disease are prominent forms of dementia that involve BBB disruption, as well as chronic inflammation, we present current approaches shown to improve dementia-like conditions with integrins as a central focus. We conclude that integrins are vital in memory formation and that their disruption could lead to various forms of cognitive impairment. While further research to understand the relationships between integrins and memory is needed, we propose that the translational relevance of research efforts in this area could be improved through the use of appropriately aged, comorbid, male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude Joachim Biose
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Blake Ouvrier
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amanda Louise White
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gregory Jaye Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-3564
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Dabravolski SA, Markin AM, Andreeva ER, Eremin II, Orekhov AN, Melnichenko AA. Emerging role of pericytes in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nirwane A, Yao Y. Cell-specific expression and function of laminin at the neurovascular unit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1979-1999. [PMID: 35796497 PMCID: PMC9580165 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminin, a major component of the basal lamina (BL), is a heterotrimeric protein with many isoforms. In the CNS, laminin is expressed by almost all cell types, yet different cells synthesize distinct laminin isoforms. By binding to its receptors, laminin exerts a wide variety of important functions. However, due to the reciprocal and cell-specific expression of laminin in different cells at the neurovascular unit, its functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance and BBB repair after injury are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the neurovascular unit under both physiological and pathological conditions. We first briefly introduce the structures of laminin and its receptors. Next, the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the CNS are summarized in a cell-specific manner. Finally, we identify the knowledge gap in the field and discuss key questions that need to be answered in the future. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview on cell-specific expression of laminin and its receptors in the CNS and their functions on BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Role of Vitronectin and Its Receptors in Neuronal Function and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012387. [PMID: 36293243 PMCID: PMC9604229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin (VTN), a multifunctional glycoprotein with various physiological functions, exists in plasma and the extracellular matrix. It is known to be involved in the cell attachment, spreading and migration through binding to the integrin receptor, mainly via the RGD sequence. VTN is also widely used in the maintenance and expansion of pluripotent stem cells, but its effects go beyond that. Recent evidence shows more functions of VTN in the nervous system as it participates in neural differentiation, neuronutrition and neurogenesis, as well as in regulating axon size, supporting and guiding neurite extension. Furthermore, VTN was proved to play a key role in protecting the brain as it can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier by interacting with integrin receptors in vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that VTN is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, but its function has not been fully understood. This review summarizes the functions of VTN and its receptors in neurons and describes the role of VTN in the blood-brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathological and Therapeutic Roles of Pericytes in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911663. [PMID: 36232962 PMCID: PMC9570222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells playing an active role in angiogenesis, vessel stabilisation, maturation, remodelling, blood flow regulation and are able to trans-differentiate into other cells of the mesenchymal lineage. In this review, we summarised recent data demonstrating that pericytes play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Pericytes are involved in lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth, and vascularization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Decreased pericyte coverage, endothelial and pericyte dysfunction is associated with intraplaque angiogenesis and haemorrhage, calcification and cholesterol clefts deposition. At the same time, pericytes can be used as a novel therapeutic target to promote vessel maturity and stability, thus reducing plaque vulnerability. Finally, we discuss recent studies exploring effective AS treatments with pericyte-mediated anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Laws KM, Bashaw GJ. Diverse roles for axon guidance pathways in adult tissue architecture and function. NATURAL SCIENCES (WEINHEIM, GERMANY) 2022; 2:e20220021. [PMID: 37456985 PMCID: PMC10346896 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical axon guidance ligands and their neuronal receptors were first identified due to their fundamental roles in regulating connectivity in the developing nervous system. Since their initial discovery, it has become clear that these signaling molecules play important roles in the development of a broad array of tissue and organ systems across phylogeny. In addition to these diverse developmental roles, there is a growing appreciation that guidance signaling pathways have important functions in adult organisms, including the regulation of tissue integrity and homeostasis. These roles in adult organisms include both tissue-intrinsic activities of guidance molecules, as well as systemic effects on tissue maintenance and function mediated by the nervous and vascular systems. While many of these adult functions depend on mechanisms that mirror developmental activities, such as regulating adhesion and cell motility, there are also examples of adult roles that may reflect signaling activities that are distinct from known developmental mechanisms, including the contributions of guidance signaling pathways to lineage commitment in the intestinal epithelium and bone remodeling in vertebrates. In this review, we highlight studies of guidance receptors and their ligands in adult tissues outside of the nervous system, focusing on in vivo experimental contexts. Together, these studies lay the groundwork for future investigation into the conserved and tissue-specific mechanisms of guidance receptor signaling in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Laws
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA
| | - Greg J. Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Mucopolysaccharidoses and the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:76. [PMID: 36117162 PMCID: PMC9484072 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses comprise a set of genetic diseases marked by an enzymatic dysfunction in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes. There are eight clinically distinct types of mucopolysaccharidosis, some with various subtypes, based on which lysosomal enzyme is deficient and symptom severity. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis can present with a variety of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal abnormalities, and cardiopulmonary issues. Additionally, the onset and severity of symptoms can vary depending on the specific disorder, with symptoms typically arising during early childhood. While there is currently no cure for mucopolysaccharidosis, there are clinically approved therapies for the management of clinical symptoms, such as enzyme replacement therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy is typically administered intravenously, which allows for the systemic delivery of the deficient enzymes to peripheral organ sites. However, crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to ameliorate the neurological symptoms of mucopolysaccharidosis continues to remain a challenge for these large macromolecules. In this review, we discuss the transport mechanisms for the delivery of lysosomal enzymes across the BBB. Additionally, we discuss the several therapeutic approaches, both preclinical and clinical, for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses.
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40
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Trevino TN, Lutz SE. Matrix proteins plug a hole: How pericytes suppress blood brain barrier transcytosis. Neuron 2022; 110:1601-1603. [PMID: 35588710 PMCID: PMC10015614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
How is the brain so efficient at excluding proteins, drugs, and immune cells from the blood? In this issue of Neuron, Ayloo et al. (2022) find that an extracellular matrix protein secreted by CNS pericytes shuts down endocytic transport in blood brain barrier endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy N Trevino
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah E Lutz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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