1
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Vickers ED, McCormick DA. Pan-cortical 2-photon mesoscopic imaging and neurobehavioral alignment in awake, behaving mice. eLife 2024; 13:RP94167. [PMID: 38808733 PMCID: PMC11136495 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The flow of neural activity across the neocortex during active sensory discrimination is constrained by task-specific cognitive demands, movements, and internal states. During behavior, the brain appears to sample from a broad repertoire of activation motifs. Understanding how these patterns of local and global activity are selected in relation to both spontaneous and task-dependent behavior requires in-depth study of densely sampled activity at single neuron resolution across large regions of cortex. In a significant advance toward this goal, we developed procedures to record mesoscale 2-photon Ca2+ imaging data from two novel in vivo preparations that, between them, allow for simultaneous access to nearly all 0f the mouse dorsal and lateral neocortex. As a proof of principle, we aligned neural activity with both behavioral primitives and high-level motifs to reveal the existence of large populations of neurons that coordinated their activity across cortical areas with spontaneous changes in movement and/or arousal. The methods we detail here facilitate the identification and exploration of widespread, spatially heterogeneous neural ensembles whose activity is related to diverse aspects of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Vickers
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - David A McCormick
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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2
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Ishizu K, Nishimoto S, Ueoka Y, Funamizu A. Localized and global representation of prior value, sensory evidence, and choice in male mouse cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4071. [PMID: 38778078 PMCID: PMC11111702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behavior requires integrating prior knowledge of action outcomes and sensory evidence for making decisions while maintaining prior knowledge for future actions. As outcome- and sensory-based decisions are often tested separately, it is unclear how these processes are integrated in the brain. In a tone frequency discrimination task with two sound durations and asymmetric reward blocks, we found that neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice represented the additive combination of prior reward expectations and choices. The sensory inputs and choices were selectively decoded from the auditory cortex irrespective of reward priors and the secondary motor cortex, respectively, suggesting localized computations of task variables are required within single trials. In contrast, all the recorded regions represented prior values that needed to be maintained across trials. We propose localized and global computations of task variables in different time scales in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ishizu
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Neural Computation, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shosuke Nishimoto
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Neural Computation, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-2, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ueoka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Neural Computation, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Akihiro Funamizu
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Neural Computation, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-2, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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3
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Stocke S, Samuelsen CL. Multisensory Integration Underlies the Distinct Representation of Odor-Taste Mixtures in the Gustatory Cortex of Behaving Rats. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0071242024. [PMID: 38548337 PMCID: PMC11097261 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0071-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of food relies on the integration of olfactory and gustatory signals originating from the mouth. This multisensory process generates robust associations between odors and tastes, significantly influencing the perceptual judgment of flavors. However, the specific neural substrates underlying this integrative process remain unclear. Previous electrophysiological studies identified the gustatory cortex as a site of convergent olfactory and gustatory signals, but whether neurons represent multimodal odor-taste mixtures as distinct from their unimodal odor and taste components is unknown. To investigate this, we recorded single-unit activity in the gustatory cortex of behaving female rats during the intraoral delivery of individual odors, individual tastes, and odor-taste mixtures. Our results demonstrate that chemoselective neurons in the gustatory cortex are broadly responsive to intraoral chemosensory stimuli, exhibiting time-varying multiphasic changes in activity. In a subset of these chemoselective neurons, odor-taste mixtures elicit nonlinear cross-modal responses that distinguish them from their olfactory and gustatory components. These findings provide novel insights into multimodal chemosensory processing by the gustatory cortex, highlighting the distinct representation of unimodal and multimodal intraoral chemosensory signals. Overall, our findings suggest that olfactory and gustatory signals interact nonlinearly in the gustatory cortex to enhance the identity coding of both unimodal and multimodal chemosensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaya Stocke
- Departments of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Chad L Samuelsen
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
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4
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Salinas E, Stanford TR. Conditional independence as a statistical assessment of evidence integration processes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297792. [PMID: 38722936 PMCID: PMC11081312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intuitively, combining multiple sources of evidence should lead to more accurate decisions than considering single sources of evidence individually. In practice, however, the proper computation may be difficult, or may require additional data that are inaccessible. Here, based on the concept of conditional independence, we consider expressions that can serve either as recipes for integrating evidence based on limited data, or as statistical benchmarks for characterizing evidence integration processes. Consider three events, A, B, and C. We find that, if A and B are conditionally independent with respect to C, then the probability that C occurs given that both A and B are known, P(C|A, B), can be easily calculated without the need to measure the full three-way dependency between A, B, and C. This simplified approach can be used in two general ways: to generate predictions by combining multiple (conditionally independent) sources of evidence, or to test whether separate sources of evidence are functionally independent of each other. These applications are demonstrated with four computer-simulated examples, which include detecting a disease based on repeated diagnostic testing, inferring biological age based on multiple biomarkers of aging, discriminating two spatial locations based on multiple cue stimuli (multisensory integration), and examining how behavioral performance in a visual search task depends on selection histories. Besides providing a sound prescription for predicting outcomes, this methodology may be useful for analyzing experimental data of many types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Salinas
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Terrence R. Stanford
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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5
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Bimbard C, Takács F, Catarino JA, Fabre JMJ, Gupta S, Lenzi SC, Melin MD, O’Neill N, Orsolic I, Robacha M, Street JS, Teixeira J, Townsend S, van Beest EH, Zhang AM, Churchland AK, Duan CA, Harris KD, Kullmann DM, Lignani G, Mainen ZF, Margrie TW, Rochefort N, Wikenheiser AM, Carandini M, Coen P. An adaptable, reusable, and light implant for chronic Neuropixels probes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551752. [PMID: 37577563 PMCID: PMC10418246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiology has proven invaluable to record neural activity, and the development of Neuropixels probes dramatically increased the number of recorded neurons. These probes are often implanted acutely, but acute recordings cannot be performed in freely moving animals and the recorded neurons cannot be tracked across days. To study key behaviors such as navigation, learning, and memory formation, the probes must be implanted chronically. An ideal chronic implant should (1) allow stable recordings of neurons for weeks; (2) allow reuse of the probes after explantation; (3) be light enough for use in mice. Here, we present the "Apollo Implant", an open-source and editable device that meets these criteria and accommodates up to two Neuropixels 1.0 or 2.0 probes. The implant comprises a "payload" module which is attached to the probe and is recoverable, and a "docking" module which is cemented to the skull. The design is adjustable, making it easy to change the distance between probes, the angle of insertion, and the depth of insertion. We tested the implant across eight labs in head-fixed mice, freely moving mice, and freely moving rats. The number of neurons recorded across days was stable, even after repeated implantations of the same probe. The Apollo implant provides an inexpensive, lightweight, and flexible solution for reusable chronic Neuropixels recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bimbard
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F. Takács
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. A. Catarino
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. M. J. Fabre
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Gupta
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S. C. Lenzi
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. D. Melin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - N. O’Neill
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - I. Orsolic
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Robacha
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. S. Street
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Teixeira
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S. Townsend
- The FabLab, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, UK
| | - E. H. van Beest
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. M. Zhang
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. K. Churchland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C. A. Duan
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - K. D. Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. M. Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - G. Lignani
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z. F. Mainen
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T. W. Margrie
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - N.L. Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. M. Wikenheiser
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M. Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Coen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
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6
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Mazo C, Baeta M, Petreanu L. Auditory cortex conveys non-topographic sound localization signals to visual cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3116. [PMID: 38600132 PMCID: PMC11006897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporally congruent sensory stimuli are fused into a unified percept. The auditory cortex (AC) sends projections to the primary visual cortex (V1), which could provide signals for binding spatially corresponding audio-visual stimuli. However, whether AC inputs in V1 encode sound location remains unknown. Using two-photon axonal calcium imaging and a speaker array, we measured the auditory spatial information transmitted from AC to layer 1 of V1. AC conveys information about the location of ipsilateral and contralateral sound sources to V1. Sound location could be accurately decoded by sampling AC axons in V1, providing a substrate for making location-specific audiovisual associations. However, AC inputs were not retinotopically arranged in V1, and audio-visual modulations of V1 neurons did not depend on the spatial congruency of the sound and light stimuli. The non-topographic sound localization signals provided by AC might allow the association of specific audiovisual spatial patterns in V1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mazo
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Baeta
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leopoldo Petreanu
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Oude Lohuis MN, Marchesi P, Olcese U, Pennartz CMA. Triple dissociation of visual, auditory and motor processing in mouse primary visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:758-771. [PMID: 38307971 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Primary sensory cortices respond to crossmodal stimuli-for example, auditory responses are found in primary visual cortex (V1). However, it remains unclear whether these responses reflect sensory inputs or behavioral modulation through sound-evoked body movement. We address this controversy by showing that sound-evoked activity in V1 of awake mice can be dissociated into auditory and behavioral components with distinct spatiotemporal profiles. The auditory component began at approximately 27 ms, was found in superficial and deep layers and originated from auditory cortex. Sound-evoked orofacial movements correlated with V1 neural activity starting at approximately 80-100 ms and explained auditory frequency tuning. Visual, auditory and motor activity were expressed by different laminar profiles and largely segregated subsets of neuronal populations. During simultaneous audiovisual stimulation, visual representations remained dissociable from auditory-related and motor-related activity. This three-fold dissociability of auditory, motor and visual processing is central to understanding how distinct inputs to visual cortex interact to support vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs N Oude Lohuis
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pietro Marchesi
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Umberto Olcese
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Research Priority Area Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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8
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Taub DG, Jiang Q, Pietrafesa F, Su J, Carroll A, Greene C, Blanchard MR, Jain A, El-Rifai M, Callen A, Yager K, Chung C, He Z, Chen C, Woolf CJ. The secondary somatosensory cortex gates mechanical and heat sensitivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1289. [PMID: 38346995 PMCID: PMC10861531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is vital for the processing and perception of sensory stimuli. In the somatosensory axis, information is received primarily by two distinct regions, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Top-down circuits stemming from S1 can modulate mechanical and cooling but not heat stimuli such that circuit inhibition causes blunted perception. This suggests that responsiveness to particular somatosensory stimuli occurs in a modality specific fashion and we sought to determine additional cortical substrates. In this work, we identify in a mouse model that inhibition of S2 output increases mechanical and heat, but not cooling sensitivity, in contrast to S1. Combining 2-photon anatomical reconstruction with chemogenetic inhibition of specific S2 circuits, we discover that S2 projections to the secondary motor cortex (M2) govern mechanical and heat sensitivity without affecting motor performance or anxiety. Taken together, we show that S2 is an essential cortical structure that governs mechanical and heat sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Taub
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiufen Jiang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Pietrafesa
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Su
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aloe Carroll
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Greene
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aakanksha Jain
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahmoud El-Rifai
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Callen
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Yager
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Clara Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinfei Chen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Vickers ED, McCormick DA. Pan-cortical 2-photon mesoscopic imaging and neurobehavioral alignment in awake, behaving mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.19.563159. [PMID: 37961229 PMCID: PMC10634705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The flow of neural activity across the neocortex during active sensory discrimination is constrained by task-specific cognitive demands, movements, and internal states. During behavior, the brain appears to sample from a broad repertoire of activation motifs. Understanding how these patterns of local and global activity are selected in relation to both spontaneous and task-dependent behavior requires in-depth study of densely sampled activity at single neuron resolution across large regions of cortex. In a significant advance toward this goal, we developed procedures to record mesoscale 2-photon Ca2+ imaging data from two novel in vivo preparations that, between them, allow simultaneous access to nearly all of the mouse dorsal and lateral neocortex. As a proof of principle, we aligned neural activity with both behavioral primitives and high-level motifs to reveal the existence of large populations of neurons that coordinated their activity across cortical areas with spontaneous changes in movement and/or arousal. The methods we detail here facilitate the identification and exploration of widespread, spatially heterogeneous neural ensembles whose activity is related to diverse aspects of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Vickers
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - David A McCormick
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
- Department of Biology
- Institute of Neuroscience
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10
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Mai J, Gargiullo R, Zheng M, Esho V, Hussein OE, Pollay E, Bowe C, Williamson LM, McElroy AF, Goolsby WN, Brooks KA, Rodgers CC. Sound-seeking before and after hearing loss in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574475. [PMID: 38260458 PMCID: PMC10802496 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
How we move our bodies affects how we perceive sound. For instance, we can explore an environment to seek out the source of a sound and we can use head movements to compensate for hearing loss. How we do this is not well understood because many auditory experiments are designed to limit head and body movements. To study the role of movement in hearing, we developed a behavioral task called sound-seeking that rewarded mice for tracking down an ongoing sound source. Over the course of learning, mice more efficiently navigated to the sound. We then asked how auditory behavior was affected by hearing loss induced by surgical removal of the malleus from the middle ear. An innate behavior, the auditory startle response, was abolished by bilateral hearing loss and unaffected by unilateral hearing loss. Similarly, performance on the sound-seeking task drastically declined after bilateral hearing loss and did not recover. In striking contrast, mice with unilateral hearing loss were only transiently impaired on sound-seeking; over a recovery period of about a week, they regained high levels of performance, increasingly reliant on a different spatial sampling strategy. Thus, even in the face of permanent unilateral damage to the peripheral auditory system, mice recover their ability to perform a naturalistic sound-seeking task. This paradigm provides an opportunity to examine how body movement enables better hearing and resilient adaptation to sensory deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Rowan Gargiullo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Megan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Valentina Esho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Osama E Hussein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Eliana Pollay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Cedric Bowe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
| | | | | | - William N Goolsby
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Kaitlyn A Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30308
| | - Chris C Rodgers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta GA 30322
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11
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Bao C, Zhu X, Mōller-Mara J, Li J, Dubroqua S, Erlich JC. The rat frontal orienting field dynamically encodes value for economic decisions under risk. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1942-1952. [PMID: 37857772 PMCID: PMC10620098 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Frontal and parietal cortex are implicated in economic decision-making, but their causal roles are untested. Here we silenced the frontal orienting field (FOF) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) while rats chose between a cued lottery and a small stable surebet. PPC inactivations produced minimal short-lived effects. FOF inactivations reliably reduced lottery choices. A mixed-agent model of choice indicated that silencing the FOF caused a change in the curvature of the rats' utility function (U = Vρ). Consistent with this finding, single-neuron and population analyses of neural activity confirmed that the FOF encodes the lottery value on each trial. A dynamical model, which accounts for electrophysiological and silencing results, suggests that the FOF represents the current lottery value to compare against the remembered surebet value. These results demonstrate that the FOF is a critical node in the neural circuit for the dynamic representation of action values for choice under risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Bao
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joshua Mōller-Mara
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvain Dubroqua
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeffrey C Erlich
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK.
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