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Shi Q, Sun X, Zhang H, Yang L, Fu Y, Wang G, Su Y, Li W, Li W. PLC-CN-NFAT1 signaling-mediated Aβ and IL-1β crosstalk synergistically promotes hippocampal neuronal damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112259. [PMID: 38749336 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Neuronal calcium overload plays an important role in Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation, which are strongly associated with AD. However, the specific mechanisms by which calcium overload contributes to neuroinflammation and AD and the relationship between them have not been elucidated. Phospholipase C (PLC) is involved in regulation of calcium homeostasis, and CN-NFAT1 signaling is dependent on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) to regulate transcription of genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that the PLC-CN-NFAT1 signaling might mediate the interaction between Aβ and inflammation to promote neuronal injury in AD. In this experiment, the results showed that the levels of Aβ, IL-1β and [Ca2+]i in the hippocampal primary neurons of APP/PS1 mice (APP neurons) were significantly increased. IL-1β exposure also significantly increased Aβ and [Ca2+]i in HT22 cells, suggesting a close association between Aβ and IL-1β in the development of AD. Furthermore, PLC activation induced significant calcium homeostasis imbalance, cell apoptosis, Aβ and ROS production, and significantly increased expressions of CN and NFAT1, while PLC inhibitor significantly reversed these changes in APP neurons and IL-1β-induced HT22 cells. Further results indicated that PLC activation significantly increased the expressions of NOX2, APP, BACE1, and NCSTN, which were inhibited by PLC inhibitor in APP neurons and IL-1β-induced HT22 cells. All indications point to a synergistic interaction between Aβ and IL-1β by activating the PLC-CN-NFAT1 signal, ultimately causing a vicious cycle, resulting in neuronal damage in AD. The study may provide a new idea and target for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yinglin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Guohang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Liang Y, Chen L, Huang J, Lan Z, Xia S, Yang H, Bao X, Yu X, Fan Y, Xu Y, Zhu X, Jin J. Neuroprotective effects of Aucubin against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111648. [PMID: 38335656 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To study the role of Aucubin (AU) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and investigate the potential mechanisms. METHODS For the in vitro experiment, primary microglia were cultured and stimulated by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated with AU. Male C57/BL6J mice were used and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was performed to induce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. For the short-term effects, mice administrated with AU (40 mg/kg) for 3 days after MCAO were evaluated for the infarct volume and neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory factors and microglia activation were determined by Real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. For the long-term effects, MCAO mice were injected daily with AU (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Behavior tests were used to assess the neurological deficits of MCAO mice, and white matter integrity was determined by myelin basic protein (MBP) staining and black-gold staining. RESULTS AU suppressed LPS-induced activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and downregulated the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in primary microglia. In addition, AU attenuated ischemic injury and inhibited the neuro-inflammatory response in MCAO mice. Moreover, AU induced prolonged improvements in sensorimotor function and memory function following MCAO, and preserved white matter integrity in the long-term experiments. CONCLUSIONS AU protected against ischemic injury, which might be correlated with the downregulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, AU alleviated cognitive impairment after stroke and restored white matter integrity. Our data indicated that AU might be a potential compound for the treatment of stroke and post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yingao Fan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 38040675 PMCID: PMC10692240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouye Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Romano GL, Gozzo L, Maurel OM, Di Martino S, Riolo V, Micale V, Drago F, Bucolo C. Fluoxetine Protects Retinal Ischemic Damage in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051370. [PMID: 37242611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the topical ocular administration of fluoxetine (FLX) in a mouse model of acute retinal damage. METHODS Ocular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in C57BL/6J mice was used to elicit retinal damage. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, I/R group, and I/R group treated with topical FLX. A pattern electroretinogram (PERG) was used as a sensitive measure of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. Finally, we analyzed the retinal mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, Iba-1, IL-1β, and S100β) through Digital Droplet PCR. RESULTS PERG amplitude values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the I/R-FLX group compared to the I/R group, whereas PERG latency values were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in I/R-FLX-treated mice compared to the I/R group. Retinal inflammatory markers increased significantly (p < 0.05) after I/R injury. FLX treatment was able to significantly (p < 0.05) attenuate the expression of inflammatory markers after I/R damage. CONCLUSIONS Topical treatment with FLX was effective in counteracting the damage of RGCs and preserving retinal function. Moreover, FLX treatment attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory molecules elicited by retinal I/R damage. Further studies need to be performed to support the use of FLX as neuroprotective agent in retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Oriana Maria Maurel
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Riolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Wang P, Qian H, Xiao M, Lv J. Role of signal transduction pathways in IL-1β-induced apoptosis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e762. [PMID: 36705417 PMCID: PMC9837938 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages with a wide range of biological effects. Evidence has shown that IL-1β plays a vital role in the process of apoptosis; however, the specific mechanisms, by which IL-1β induces apoptosis, vary due to different cellular and experimental conditions. Therefore, this present reviewstudy aimed to systematically review the association between the molecular mechanisms of IL-1β-induced apoptosis in pathological processes and the role of signaling pathways. This article also sought to briefly investigate the potential of signaling pathway-targeted therapy in the prevention and treatment of disease. METHODS This is a literature review article. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on IL-1β and apoptosis. The relevant studies using the keywords of "IL-1β-induced apoptosis" and "signaling pathways" were searched in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed. RESULTS IL-1β can induce apoptosis in various types of cells under different external stimuli via the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum pathway, and that the different pathways are often interconnected. The NF-kB signaling pathway, p38MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways mainly play a proapoptotic part, and the ERK1/2 pathway has a bidirectional role in regulating apoptosis, while activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway can inhibit apoptosis. CONCLUSION This review indicates that IL-1β-induced apoptosis plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of pathology of many inflammatory diseases. Elucidating the role of the signaling pathways will aid the development of targeted therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Manxue Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingwen Lv
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Natural Compounds for SIRT1-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Stroke: A Potential Therapeutic Target in the Future. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1949718. [PMID: 36105479 PMCID: PMC9467755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1949718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a fatal cerebral vascular disease with a high mortality rate and substantial economic and social costs. ROS production and neuroinflammation have been implicated in both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and have the most critical effects on subsequent brain injury. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family, plays a crucial role in modulating a wide range of physiological processes, including apoptosis, DNA repair, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Targeting SIRT1 to reduce ROS and neuroinflammation might represent an emerging therapeutic target for stroke. Therefore, we conducted the present review to summarize the mechanisms of SIRT1-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in stroke. In addition, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the effect of compounds and natural drugs on SIRT1 signaling related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in stroke. We believe that our work will be helpful to further understand the critical role of the SIRT1 signaling pathway and will provide novel therapeutic potential for stroke treatment.
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Lin D, Yu L, Chen J, Ye H, Wu Y, Yao Y. Fluoxetine for reducing postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after total knee replacement: study protocol for a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, superiority, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057000. [PMID: 35768113 PMCID: PMC9240897 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following major surgical procedures. The underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood, but the role of neuroinflammation is strongly implicated. Given the antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fluoxetine, we hypothesise that fluoxetine may reduce the cumulative incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, superiority trial. Five hundred elderly patients undergoing unilateral TKA will be randomly assigned to the fluoxetine and placebo groups. The fluoxetine group will receive fluoxetine 20 mg daily 8 weeks preoperatively, and the placebo group will receive placebo capsules daily 8 weeks preoperatively. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of POCD at 1 month postoperatively. The secondary outcomes include the occurrence of delirium, the area under the curve of the Numeric Rating Scale pain scores over time, and sleep disturbance. Data on all the results, risk factors and adverse events will also be collected and analysed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Fujian Provincial Hospital Ethics Board has approved the protocol for this trial (identifier number: K2021-01-009). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent before any protocol-specific procedures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100050424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyi Lin
- Anaesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Aanesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yusheng Yao
- Anaesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of TRPM7 Deletion in Parvalbumin GABAergic vs. Glutamatergic Neurons following Ischemia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071178. [PMID: 35406741 PMCID: PMC8997982 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by brain ischemia upregulates transient receptor potential melastatin-like-7 (TRPM7) expression and currents, which could contribute to neurotoxicity and cell death. Accordingly, suppression of TRPM7 reduces neuronal death, tissue damage and motor deficits. However, the neuroprotective effects of TRPM7 suppression in different cell types have not been investigated. Here, we found that induction of ischemia resulted in loss of parvalbumin (PV) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons more than Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II (CaMKII) glutamatergic neurons in the mouse cortex. Furthermore, brain ischemia increased TRPM7 expression in PV neurons more than that in CaMKII neurons. We generated two lines of conditional knockout mice of TRPM7 in GABAergic PV neurons (PV-TRPM7−/−) and in glutamatergic neurons (CaMKII-TRPM7−/−). Following exposure to brain ischemia, we found that deleting TRPM7 reduced the infarct volume in both lines of transgenic mice. However, the volume in PV-TRPM7−/− mice was more significantly lower than that in the control group. Neuronal survival of both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons was increased in PV-TRPM7−/− mice; meanwhile, only glutamatergic neurons were protected in CaMKII-TRPM7−/−. At the behavioral level, only PV-TRPM7−/− mice exhibited significant reductions in neurological and motor deficits. Inflammatory mediators such as GFAP, Iba1 and TNF-α were suppressed in PV-TRPM7−/− more than in CaMKII-TRPM7−/−. Mechanistically, p53 and cleaved caspase-3 were reduced in both groups, but the reduction in PV-TRPM7−/− mice was more than that in CaMKII-TRPM7−/− following ischemia. Upstream from these signaling molecules, the Akt anti-oxidative stress signaling was activated only in PV-TRPM7−/− mice. Therefore, deleting TRPM7 in GABAergic PV neurons might have stronger neuroprotective effects against ischemia pathologies than doing so in glutamatergic neurons.
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Ge JW, Deng SJ, Xue ZW, Liu PY, Yu LJ, Li JN, Xia SN, Gu Y, Bao XY, Lan Z, Xu Y, Zhu XL. Imperatorin inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways and alleviates neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:116-125. [PMID: 34674376 PMCID: PMC8673701 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and the effect of imperatorin on post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood. METHODS Primary microglia were treated with imperatorin for 2 h followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. The activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blot. The ischemic insult was determined using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in C57BL/6J mice. Behavior tests were used to assess the neurological deficits of MCAO mice. TTC staining was applied to measure infract volume. RESULTS Imperatorin suppressed LPS-induced activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines release and attenuated ischemic injury in MCAO mice. The results of transcriptome sequencing and Western blot revealed that downregulation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways might contribute to the protective effects of imperatorin. CONCLUSIONS Imperatorin downregulated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic stroke, which indicated that imperatorin might be a potential compound for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shi-Ji Deng
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Xue
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pin-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin-Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiang-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Nan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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10
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Guo W, Tang ZY, Cai ZY, Zhao WE, Yang J, Wang XP, Ji J, Huang XX, Sun XL. Iptakalim alleviates synaptic damages via targeting mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in depression. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21581. [PMID: 33871072 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100124rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity damages play a crucial role in the onset and development of depression, especially in the hippocampus, which is more susceptible to stress and the most frequently studied brain region in depression. And, mitochondria have a major function in executing the complex processes of neurotransmission and plasticity. We have previously demonstrated that Iptakalim (Ipt), a new ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel opener, could improve the depressive-like behavior in mice. But the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study demonstrated that Ipt reversed depressive-like phenotype in vivo (chronic mild stress-induced mice model of depression) and in vitro (corticosterone-induced cellular model). Further study showed that Ipt could upregulate the synaptic-related proteins postsynaptic density 95 (PSD 95) and synaptophysin (SYN), and alleviated the synaptic structure damage. Moreover, Ipt could reverse the abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion, as well as the reduced mitochondrial ATP production and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in depressive models. Knocking down the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (Mito-KATP) channel subunit MitoK partly blocked the above effects of Ipt. Therefore, our results reveal that Ipt can alleviate the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and function depending on MitoK, contributing to improve synaptic plasticity and exert antidepressive effects. These findings provide a candidate compound and a novel target for antidepressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-E Zhao
- Analysis Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Wang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11
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Optimisation of a PC12 cell-based in vitro stroke model for screening neuroprotective agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8096. [PMID: 33854099 PMCID: PMC8046774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes death and disability globally but no neuroprotectant is approved for post-stroke neuronal injury. Neuroprotective compounds can be identified using oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of neuronal cells as an in vitro stroke model. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 pheochromocytoma cells are frequently used. However, investigators often find their clonal variant undifferentiable and are uncertain of optimal culture conditions. Hence we studied 3 commonly used PC12 variants: PC12 Adh, PC12 from Riken Cell Bank (PC12 Riken) and Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) cells. We found DMEM the optimal media for PC12 Riken and NS-1 cells. Using a novel serum-free media approach, we identified collagen IV as the preferred adhesive substrate for both cell lines. We found PC12 Adh cells cannot attach without serum and is unable to differentiate using NGF. NS-1 cells differentiated to a maximal 72.7 ± 5.2% %, with substantial basal differentiation. We optimised differentiated NS-1 cells for an in vitro stroke model using 3 h of OGD resulting in ~ 70% viable cells. We screened 5 reported neuroprotectants and provide the first report that serotonin is antiapoptotic in a stroke model and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) is neuroprotective in PC12 cells. Thus we demonstrate the optimisation and validation for a PC12 cell-based in vitro stroke model.
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12
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Lu Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Y, Hua Y, Fan Y. Minocycline promotes functional recovery in ischemic stroke by modulating microglia polarization through STAT1/STAT6 pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114464. [PMID: 33577892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that microglia experience two distinct phenotypes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS): a deleterious M1 phenotype and a neuroprotective M2 phenotype. Promoting the phenotype shift of M1 microglia to M2 microglia is thought to improve functional recovery after AIS. Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, can improve functional recovery after cerebral ischemia in pre-clinical and clinical research. However, the role and mechanisms of minocycline in microglia polarization is unclear. METHODS Using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion - reperfusion (MCAO/R) model, we treated mice with saline or different minocycline concentration (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 2 wk) at 24 h after reperfusion. Neurobehavioral evaluation, rotarod test, and corner turning test were carried out on day 14 after reperfusion. Then, neuronal injury, reactive gliosis, and microglia polarization were performed on day 7 following MCAO/R. Finally, we treated primary microglial cultures with LPS (Lipopolysaccharide; 100 ng/mL) plus IFN-γ (20 ng/mL) 24 h to induce M1 phenotype and observed the effects of minocycline on the M1/M2-related mRNAs and the STAT1/STAT6 pathway. RESULTS We found that a 14-day treatment with minocycline increased the survival rate and promoted functional outcomes evaluated with neurobehavioral evaluation, rotarod test, and corner turning test. Meanwhile, minocycline reduced the brain infarct volume, alleviated neuronal injury, and suppressed reactive gliosis on day 7 following MCAO/R. Moreover, we observed an additive effect of minocycline on microglia polarization to the M1 and M2 phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. In the primary microglia, we further found that minocycline prevented neurons from OGD/R-induced cell death in neuron-microglia co-cultures via regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization through the STAT1/STAT6 pathway. CONCLUSION Minocycline promoted microglial M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization, leading to neuronal survival and neurological functional recovery. The findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying minocycline-mediated neuroprotection in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- School of Nursing, Taihu University of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Yun Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China.
| | - Yi Fan
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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13
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Tian DD, Wang M, Liu A, Gao MR, Qiu C, Yu W, Wang WJ, Zhang K, Yang L, Jia YY, Yang CB, Wu YM. Antidepressant Effect of Paeoniflorin Is Through Inhibiting Pyroptosis CASP-11/GSDMD Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:761-776. [PMID: 33025508 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-associated neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The role of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), a newly identified pyroptosis executioner downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome mediating inflammatory programmed cell death, in depression has not been well defined. Here, we provide evidence that paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound derived from Paeonia lactiflora, ameliorated reserpine-induced mouse depression-like behaviors, characterized as increased mobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test, as well as the abnormal alteration of synaptic plasticity in the depressive hippocampus. The molecular docking simulation predicted that PF would interact with C-terminus of GSDMD. We further demonstrated that PF administration inhibited the enhanced expression of GSDMD which mainly distributed in microglia, along with the proteins involved in pyroptosis signaling transduction including caspase (CASP)-11, CASP-1, NLRP3, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. And also, PF prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in murine N9 microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibiting the expression of CASP-11, NLRP3, CASP-1 cleavage, as well as IL-1β. Furthermore, VX-765, an effective and selective inhibitor for CASP-1 activation, reduced the expression of inflammasome and pyroptosis-associated proteins in over-activated N9 and also facilitated PF-mediated inhibition of pyroptosis synergistically. Collectively, the data indicated that PF exerted antidepressant effects, alleviating neuroinflammation through inhibiting CASP-11-dependent pyroptosis signaling transduction induced by over-activated microglia in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. Thus, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in activated microglia is a previously unrecognized inflammatory mechanism of depression and represents a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating depression given PF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bin Yang
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Xu J, Zhan T, Zheng W, Huang YK, Chen K, Zhang XH, Ren P, Huang X. Hydroxysafflor yellow A acutely attenuates blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in traumatic brain injury in rats1. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 35:e351202. [PMID: 33503215 PMCID: PMC7819693 DOI: 10.1590/acb351202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic benefits of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on
blood-brain barrier (BBB) vulnerability after traumatic brain injury (TBI)
and identify its potential action of mechanisms on TBIinduced injuries. Methods: The rat TBI model was performed by using a controlled cortical impact device.
The BBB permeability induced by TBI was measured through Evans Blue dye
superflux and western blotting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for tight
junctional proteins (TJPs). The post-TBI changes in oxidative stress
markers, inflammatory response and neuron apoptosis in brain tissue were
also tested. Results: Herein, the results showed that HSYA acutely attenuated BBB permeability via
increasing the production of the TJPs, including occludin, claudin-1 and
zonula occludens protein 24 h after TBI. Additionally, HSYA could suppress
the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β,
interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and
also concurrently down-regulate the expression of inflammation-related
Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-kB) protein. These HSYA
challenged changes were accompanied by the decreased TBI induced oxidative
stress markers and inhibited the expression of apoptosis proteins Bax,
caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusions: Taken together, all findings suggested that HSYA (30 mg/kg) are against TBI
through improving the integrity in BBB, which are associated with the
antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis via the probable mechanism
of down-regulation of the TLR4/NF-kB pathway, and its in-detail protective
mechanisms are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Tian Zhan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wan Zheng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yun-Ke Huang
- Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Ping Ren
- Affiliated hospital Nanjing University of Chinses Medicine, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
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15
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Drd2 biased agonist prevents neurodegeneration against NLRP3 inflammasome in Parkinson's disease model via a β-arrestin2-biased mechanism. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:259-271. [PMID: 32861720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated astrocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into the extracellular milieu, damaging surrounding neurons and involving in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2) expresses both in neurons and astrocytes, and neuronal Drd2 is a significant target in therapy of PD. Our previous study reveals that astrocytic Drd2 exerts anti-inflammatory effect via non-classical β-arrestin2 signaling in PD model. Therefore, seeking new biased ligands of Drd2 with better efficacy and fewer side effects to treat PD is desirable and meaningful. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UNC9995, a novel biased Drd2 agonist on astrocyte-derived neuroinflammation and dopaminergic (DA) neuron degenerationin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. We showed that UNC9995 rescued the TH+ neurons loss and inhibited glial cells activation in mouse substantia nigra in a Drd2 dependent manner. Focusing on astrocytes, we found UNC9995 shows a relatively safe concentration range and significantly suppresses astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by lipopolysaccharide plus ATP. Further study revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of UNC9995 is independent of Drd2 / Gαi protein pathway. It activates β-arrestin2 by recruiting it to cell membrane. Critically, UNC9995 enhances β-arrestin2 interacting with NLRP3 to interfere inflammasome assembly, which consequently reduces IL-1β production. On the other hand, UNC9995 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory pathway activation in DA neurons and rescues subsequent apoptosis via β-arrestin2 interacting with protein kinases, such as JNK and suppressing their phosphorylation. Furthermore, β-arrestin2 knockout abolishes the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of UNC9995 in PD mouse model, supporting that UNC9995 is a β-arrestin2-biased Drd2 agonist and revealing its novel function in PD treatment. Collectively, this work illustrates that Drd2 agonist UNC9995 prevents DA neuron degeneration in PD and provides a new strategy for developing the β-arrestin2-biased ligands in the therapy of NDDs.
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16
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Verapamil Inhibits Mitochondria-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Dependent Apoptosis Pathways in Cerebral Transient Global Ischemia/Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5872645. [PMID: 33133347 PMCID: PMC7591985 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5872645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is the largest lobe of the brain and is consequently involved in stroke. There is no comprehensive practical pharmacological strategy for ameliorating prefrontal cortex injury induced by cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we studied the neuroprotective properties of verapamil (Ver) on mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological features of apoptosis in transient global ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Ninety-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, I/R, I/R+Ver (10 mg/kg twice 1 hour prior to ischemia and 1 hour after reperfusion phase), and I/R+NaCl (vehicle). Animals were sacrificed, and mitochondrial dysfunction parameters (i.e., mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP concentration, ROS production, and cytochrome c release), antioxidant defense (i.e., superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and caspase-3 activation), and morphological features of apoptosis were determined. The results showed that mitochondrial damage, impairment of antioxidant defense system, and apoptosis were significantly more prevalent in the I/R group in comparison with the other groups. Ver decreased mitochondrial damage by reducing oxidative stress, augmented the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain, and decreased apoptosis in the I/R neurons. The current study confirmed the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in I/R progression and indicated the possible antioxidative mechanism of the neuroprotective activities of Ver.
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17
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Amruta N, Rahman AA, Pinteaux E, Bix G. Neuroinflammation and fibrosis in stroke: The good, the bad and the ugly. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577318. [PMID: 32682140 PMCID: PMC7794086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability in surviving patients. The detrimental interaction between immune cells, glial cells, and matrix components in stroke pathology results in persistent inflammation that progresses to fibrosis. A substantial effort is being directed toward understanding the exact neuroinflammatory events that take place as a result of stroke. The initiation of a potent cytokine response, along with immune cell activation and infiltration in the ischemic core, has massive acute deleterious effects, generally exacerbated by comorbid inflammatory conditions. There is secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury, resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by promoting recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory and fibrotic processes, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. In this review, we summarize several aspects of stroke-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and include a discussion of cytokine inhibitors/inducers, immune cells, and fibro-inflammation signaling inhibitors in order to identify new pharmacological means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Abir A Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregory Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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18
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Simchi L, Panov J, Morsy O, Feuermann Y, Kaphzan H. Novel Insights into the Role of UBE3A in Regulating Apoptosis and Proliferation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051573. [PMID: 32455880 PMCID: PMC7290732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBE3A gene codes for a protein with two known functions, a ubiquitin E3-ligase which catalyzes ubiquitin binding to substrate proteins and a steroid hormone receptor coactivator. UBE3A is most famous for its critical role in neuronal functioning. Lack of UBE3A protein expression leads to Angelman syndrome (AS), while its overexpression is associated with autism. In spite of extensive research, our understanding of UBE3A roles is still limited. We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of Ube3a deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Angelman syndrome (AS) mouse model hippocampi. Cell cultures of MEFs exhibited enhanced proliferation together with reduced apoptosis when Ube3a was deleted. These findings were supported by transcriptome and proteome analyses. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed alterations in mitochondria-related genes. Moreover, an analysis of adult AS model mice hippocampi also found alterations in the expression of apoptosis- and proliferation-associated genes. Our findings emphasize the role UBE3A plays in regulating proliferation and apoptosis and sheds light into the possible effects UBE3A has on mitochondrial involvement in governing this balance.
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19
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Fluoxetine as an antidepressant medicine improves the effects of ionizing radiation for the treatment of glioma. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:165-174. [PMID: 32405794 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment protocol which delivers high dose of ionizing radiation (IR) to tumor. Tumor resistance and side effects induced by IR still are the major challenges in radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic killing effect of fluoxetine (FL) with IR on glioma cancer cell (U-87 MG), as well as radioprotective effect of FL against cellular toxicity induced by IR on non-malignant human fibroblast cell (HFFF2). Firstly, the inhibitory effects of FL on cell proliferations were evaluated in U-87 MG and HFFF2 cells. The clonogenic and MTT assays were used to evaluate the radiosensitivity and radioprotective effects of FL on cancer and non-malignant cells. The frequencies of apoptotic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry on both cancer and normal cells. Results showed that FL exhibited anti-cancer effect on glioma cells, while cellular toxicity was low in HFFF2 cells treated with FL. FL decreased the viable colonies and enhanced apoptotic cells when U-87 cells were treated with FL prior irradiation. For comparison, FL exhibited radioprotective effect through increasing cellular proliferation rate and reducing apoptosis in HFFF2 cells against IR. The results showed that FL enhanced the IR-induced glioma cancer cell death and apoptosis, whereas it exhibited a radioprotective effect on normal fibroblast cells suggesting that FL administration may improve glioma radiotherapy.
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20
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Zhao Y, Shang P, Wang M, Xie M, Liu J. Neuroprotective Effects of Fluoxetine Against Chronic Stress-Induced Neural Inflammation and Apoptosis: Involvement of the p38 Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32477152 PMCID: PMC7233199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a widespread neuropsychiatric disease associated with neuronal injury within specific brain regions. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been widely used in depressed patients. Recently, fluoxetine has demonstrated neuroprotective effects apart from the effect on serotonin. However, the underlying mechanism involved in this neuroprotection remains unclear, in particular, whether fluoxetine exerts antidepressant effects via protecting against neuronal injury. Here, we found that treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks ameliorated depression-like behaviors in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced rat model of depression and was accompanied with an alleviation of glia activation and inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. Meanwhile, CUMS rats treated with fluoxetine showed reductions in neuronal apoptosis and a downregulation of the apoptotic protein Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and caspase 9 levels. These effects appear to involve a downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling within the DG hippocampus as the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, significantly suppressed apoptosis, as well as ameliorated depressive behaviors resulting from CUMS exposure. Moreover, fluoxetine could rescue neuronal deterioration and depression-like phenotypes caused by overexpression of p38 in DG. This finding extends our knowledge on the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine, which appear to at least partially profit from neuroprotection against inflammation and neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of the p38 MAPK pathway. The neuroprotective mechanisms of fluoxetine may provide some novel therapeutic avenues for stress-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pan Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Song Q, Feng YB, Wang L, Shen J, Li Y, Fan C, Wang P, Yu SY. COX-2 inhibition rescues depression-like behaviors via suppressing glial activation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Xu F, Zhang G, Yin J, Zhang Q, Ge MY, Peng L, Wang S, Li Y. Fluoxetine mitigating late-stage cognition and neurobehavior impairment induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibiting ERS-mediated neurons apoptosis in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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The effect of fluoxetine on astrocyte autophagy flux and injured mitochondria clearance in a mouse model of depression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:577. [PMID: 31371719 PMCID: PMC6675792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple hypotheses had been proposed to clarify the causes of depression, the accurate pathogenesis and effective treatment of depression still need to be solved. Pathological change of astrocytes has been recognized to play a pivotal role in depression. Fluoxetine is the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, however, the underlying mechanisms of fluoxetine are incompletely excavated. Emerging evidence shows that fluoxetine promotes autophagic processes in tumor cells. However, whether astrocytic autophagy gets involved in the cytoprotection of fluoxetine on astrocytes in depression treatment remains unexplored. Here we prepared chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced mouse model and treated mice with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks to determine the correlation between proautophagic effect of fluoxetine and astrocyte protection in depression. Primary hippocampal astrocytes were cultured to investigate the potential mechanism of fluoxetine in regulating astrocyte autophagy. We found that fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) treatment promoted autophagosome formation and increased clearance of injured mitochondria, consequently protected astrocytes in CMS model mice. Fluoxetine (10 μM) could also promote the autophagic flux unblocked via enhancing fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in primary astrocytes. Moreover, fluoxetine promoted mitophagy by increased colocalization of autophagosomes and mitochondria, eliminating damaged mitochondria in corticosterone-treated astrocytes. Further in vitro study showed that p53 presence is required for fluoxetine activated autophagy flux and fluoxetine promotes astrocytic autophagy in a p53-dependent mechanism. Collectively, this work gives us insights into a novel approach to treat depression depending on astrocytes, and provides a promising molecular target for the development of antidepressant drugs besides regulating neurotransmitters.
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Fluoxetine suppresses inflammatory reaction in microglia under OGD/R challenge via modulation of NF-κB signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181584. [PMID: 30944203 PMCID: PMC6487262 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in microglia (MG) and the mechanisms under oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). An OGD/R model on BV-2 cells was used for the study of microglia under ischemia/reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke. Lentiviral transfection was applied to knock down IκB-α. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of IκB-α protein. Western blotting was applied to analyze NF-κB-signaling related proteins and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used for assessing cell viability. Molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay were used for the detection of the interaction between IκB-α and fluoxetine. We found that fluoxetine decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in supernatant as well as NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Fluoxetine significantly increased the level of IκB-α through the inhibition of IκB-α ubiquitylation and promoted the bonding of IκB-α and fluoxetine in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Knocking down IκB-α attenuated the decreasing effect of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R led to by fluoxetine. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine and its mechanisms related to the modulation of NF-κB-related signaling in MG under ischemia/reperfusion challenge.
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25
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Manganese induces neuroinflammation via NF-κB/ROS NLRP3 pathway in rat brain striatum and HAPI cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Ghosh S, Choudhury S, Mukherjee S, Gupta P, Chowdhury O, Baral R, Chattopadhyay S. Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67
high
) thymocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:470-484. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Sreetama Choudhury
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road 700026 Kolkata India
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Calcutta JD‐2, Salt Lake, Sector III 700098 Kolkata India
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Sun S, Han X, Li X, Song Q, Lu M, Jia M, Ding J, Hu G. MicroRNA-212-5p Prevents Dopaminergic Neuron Death by Inhibiting SIRT2 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:381. [PMID: 30364275 PMCID: PMC6193094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, emerging evidences show that sirtuins (SIRTs) modulate aging progress and affect neurodegenerative diseases. For example, inhibition of SIRT2 has been recognized to exert neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, current SIRT2 inhibitors are lack of selective property distinguished from its homolog. In this study, we found that SIRT2 protein level was highly increased in PD model, which was negatively regulated by miR-212-5p. In detail, miR-212-5p transfection reduced SIRT2 expression and inhibited SIRT2 activity. In vivo study, miR-212-5p treatment prevented dopaminergic neuron loss and DAT reduction by targeting SIRT2, which means miR-212-5p shows neuroprotective effect in PD. Mechanismly, we found nuclear acetylated p53 was up-regulation according to p53 is a major deacetylation substrate of SIRT2. Furthermore, decreased cytoplasmic p53 promoted autophagy in PD model, which was showed as autophagosomes, autophagic flux, LC3 B and p62 expression. Meanwhile, we also found miR-212-5p treatment somehow alleviated apoptosis in PD model, which might have some underlying mechanisms. In conclusions, our study provides a direct link between miR-212-5p and SIRT2-mediated p53-dependent programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of PD. These findings will give us an insight into the development of highly specifically SIRT2 inhibitor of opening up novel therapeutic avenues for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Mortensen JK, Andersen G. Potential Role of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Improving Functional Outcome after Stroke. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:895-903. [PMID: 30225777 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The great advances in acute stroke treatment during the last decades have changed life after stroke considerably. However, the use of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy is limited by a relatively narrow time window or contraindications for treatment. Further, patients receiving acute reperfusion therapies may still have cognitive and emotional complications due to underlying brain infarcts even though physical problems may almost disappear. Consequently, stroke is still a frequent cause of adult disability and death worldwide, and an effort to identify additional treatments to enhance recovery, preferably also feasible in the time after the acute phase, is warranted. Albeit several drugs and treatment modalities have been studied for their potential to enhance recovery after stroke, no treatment has unambiguously proven to potentiate the rehabilitation process. A promising candidate for pharmacological treatment is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a group of commonly used antidepressants that may also possess neuro-regenerative properties. The current paper reviews the evidence for SSRIs as potential enhancers of stroke recovery and discusses the potential mechanisms behind the effects reported and the implications for the management of patients post-stoke, including potential adverse events and drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Hu HM, Li B, Wang XD, Guo YS, Hui H, Zhang HP, Wang B, Huang DG, Hao DJ. Fluoxetine is Neuroprotective in Early Brain Injury via its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Effects in a Rat Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:951-962. [PMID: 29713894 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine, an anti-depressant drug, has recently been shown to provide neuroprotection in central nervous system injury, but its roles in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether fluoxetine attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg per day) significantly attenuated brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis in EBI after experimental SAH, as evidenced by the reduction of brain water content and Evans blue dye extravasation, prevention of disruption of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-5, and occludin, a decrease of cells staining positive for Iba-1, ED-1, and TUNEL and a decline in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 8-OHDG levels. Moreover, fluoxetine significantly improved the neurological deficits of EBI and long-term sensorimotor behavioral deficits following SAH in a rat model. These results indicated that fluoxetine has a neuroprotective effect after experimental SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hua Hui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Da-Geng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ding-Jun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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BTNET : boosted tree based gene regulatory network inference algorithm using time-course measurement data. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:20. [PMID: 29560827 PMCID: PMC5861501 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Identifying gene regulatory networks is an important task for understanding biological systems. Time-course measurement data became a valuable resource for inferring gene regulatory networks. Various methods have been presented for reconstructing the networks from time-course measurement data. However, existing methods have been validated on only a limited number of benchmark datasets, and rarely verified on real biological systems. Results We first integrated benchmark time-course gene expression datasets from previous studies and reassessed the baseline methods. We observed that GENIE3-time, a tree-based ensemble method, achieved the best performance among the baselines. In this study, we introduce BTNET, a boosted tree based gene regulatory network inference algorithm which improves the state-of-the-art. We quantitatively validated BTNET on the integrated benchmark dataset. The AUROC and AUPR scores of BTNET were higher than those of the baselines. We also qualitatively validated the results of BTNET through an experiment on neuroblastoma cells treated with an antidepressant. The inferred regulatory network from BTNET showed that brachyury, a transcription factor, was regulated by fluoxetine, an antidepressant, which was verified by the expression of its downstream genes. Conclusions We present BTENT that infers a GRN from time-course measurement data using boosting algorithms. Our model achieved the highest AUROC and AUPR scores on the integrated benchmark dataset. We further validated BTNET qualitatively through a wet-lab experiment and showed that BTNET can produce biologically meaningful results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0547-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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31
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Emerging role of amyloid beta in stress response: Implication for depression and diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arctigenin attenuates ischemic stroke via SIRT1-dependent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:821-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Guo XD, Cao LL, Xue TF, Zhao XJ, Yang DD, Yang J, Ji J, Huang JY, Sun XL. Rosiglitazone Exerts an Anti-depressive Effect in Unpredictable Chronic Mild-Stress-Induced Depressive Mice by Maintaining Essential Neuron Autophagy and Inhibiting Excessive Astrocytic Apoptosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:293. [PMID: 28959186 PMCID: PMC5603714 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the association between depression and the development of metabolic diseases. Rosiglitazone, a therapeutic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown neuroprotective effects in patients with stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible roles of rosiglitazone in in vivo (unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depressive mouse model) and in vitro (corticosterone-induced cellular model) depressive models. The results showed that rosiglitazone reversed depressive behaviors in mice, as indicated by the forced swimming test and open field test. Rosiglitazone was also found to inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease corticosterone levels, and promote astrocyte proliferation and neuronal axon plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of mice. This series of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that autophagy among neurons was inhibited in depressive models and that rosiglitazone promoted autophagy by upregulating LKB1, which exerted neuroprotective effects. Rosiglitazone was also found to activate the Akt/CREB pathway by increasing IGF-1R expression and IGF-1 protein levels, thereby playing an anti-apoptotic role in astrocytes. Rosiglitazone's autophagy promotion and neuroprotective effects were found to be reversed by the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 in primary neurons and by PPARγ knockdown in an N2a cell line. In conclusion, we found that rosiglitazone protects both neurons and astrocytes in in vivo and in vitro depressive models, thereby playing an anti-depressive role. These findings suggest that PPARγ could be a new target in the development of anti-depressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xue
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
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Zhang X, Zheng W, Wang T, Ren P, Wang F, Ma X, Wang J, Huang X. Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua Ameliorates Cerebral Impairment and Improves Spatial Cognitive Deficits after Transient Focal Ischemia and Identification of Active Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:452. [PMID: 28769792 PMCID: PMC5513983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we only apply a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua (DCH) for cardioprotection via anti-inflammation in rats of acute myocardial infarction by occluding coronary artery. Presently, we select not only DCH but also its main absorbed compound ferulic acid (FA) for cerebra protection via similar action of mechanism above in animals of the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We investigated whether oral administration of DCH and FA could ameliorate MCAO-induced brain lesions in animals. By using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we analyzed four compounds, including tanshinol, salvianolic acid B, hydroxysafflor yellow A and especially FA as the putative active components of DCH extract in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and injured hippocampus of rats with MCAO. In our study, it was assumed that FA played a similar neuroprotective role to DCH. We found that oral pretreatment with DCH (10 or 20 g/kg) and FA (100 mg/kg) improved neurological function and alleviated the infarct volume as well as brain edema in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were accompanied by improved ischemia-induced apoptosis and decreased the inflammatory response. Additionally, chronic treatment with DCH reversed MCAO-induced spatial cognitive deficits in a manner associated with enhanced neurogenesis and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in lesions of the hippocampus. These findings suggest that DCH has the ability to recover cognitive impairment and offer neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury via inhibiting microenvironmental inflammation and triggering of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. FA could be one of the potential active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsChangsha, China
| | - Wan Zheng
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Tingrui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical CollegeBinzhou, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
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36
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Xie Z, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Reis C, Wan W, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhang JH. Intranasal administration of recombinant Netrin-1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis by activating DCC/APPL-1/AKT signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 119:123-133. [PMID: 28347836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is a crucial pathological process in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The effective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuronal apoptosis are still absent. We intended to determine whether intranasal administration of exogenous Netrin-1 (NTN-1) could attenuate neuronal apoptosis after experimental SAH, specifically via activating DCC-dependent APPL-1/AKT signaling cascade. Two hundred twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH. Recombinant human NTN-1 (rNTN-1) was administered intranasally. NTN-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), APPL-1 siRNA, and AKT inhibitor MK2206 were administered through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. SAH grade, neurological score, neuronal apoptosis assessed by cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) expression and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining, double immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were examined. Our results revealed that endogenous NTN-1 level was increased after SAH. Administration of rNTN-1 improved neurological outcomes at 24 h and 72 h after SAH, while knockdown of endogenous NTN-1 worsened neurological impairments. Furthermore, exogenous rNTN-1 treatment promoted APPL-1 activation, increased phosphorylated-AKT and Bcl-2 expression, as well as decreased apoptotic marker CC-3 expression and the number of FJC-positive neurons, thereby alleviated neuronal apoptosis. Conversely, APPL-1 siRNA and MK2206 abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of exogenous rNTN-1 at 24 h after SAH. Collectively, intranasal administration of exogenous rNTN-1 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological function in SAH rats, at least in apart via activating DCC/APPL-1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Weifeng Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States.
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37
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Tian X, Peng J, Zhong J, Yang M, Pang J, Lou J, Li M, An R, Zhang Q, Xu L, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene protects in vitro neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation-induced injury. J Neurochem 2016; 139:757-768. [PMID: 27565895 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic animals. The neurovascular unit (NVU) acts as an intricate network to maintain the neuronal homeostatic microenvironment. However, the effects exerted by BCP on NVU remain unclear. Therefore, we established an in vitro NVU model to investigate the effects of BCP on oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury. This model involved the co-culture of brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons, and astrocytes. BCP (10 μmol/L) was applied for 24 h prior to OGD/R and maintained throughout OGD/R. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal apoptosis were analyzed. BCP pre-treatment prior to the initiation of OGD/R significantly (i) decreased BBB permeability and neuronal apoptosis, (ii) mitigated oxidative stress damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines, (iii) down-regulated Bax expression, metalloproteinase-9 activity and expression, and (iv) up-regulated claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, growth-associated protein-43 and Bcl-2 expression. Thus, BCP pre-treatment exerted multiple protective effects on NVU in the context of OGD/R-induced injury. These protective effects potentially occur via reductions in oxidative stress damage and inflammatory cytokines that induce BBB breakdown, subsequently resulting in reduced neuronal apoptosis. The NVU serves as putative therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia, and the results of this study provide new insights for the application of BCP as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidi An
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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