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Mortensen JS, Mikkelsen ANL, Wellendorph P. Ways of modulating GABA transporters to treat neurological disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39068514 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2383611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is involved in a multitude of neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Regulation of extracellular levels of GABA is maintained by the four GABA transporters (GATs; GAT1, GAT2, GAT3, and BGT1), Na+/Cl--coupled transporters of the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family. Despite mounting evidence for the involvement of the non-GAT1 GABA transporters in diseases, only GAT1 has successfully been translated into clinical practice via the drug tiagabine. AREAS COVERED In this review, all four GATs will be described in terms of their involvement in disease, and the most recent data on structure, function, expression, and localization discussed in relation to their potential role as drug targets. This includes an overview of various ways to modulate the GATs in relation to treatment of diseases caused by imbalances in the GABAergic system. EXPERT OPINION The recent publication of various GAT1 structures is an important milestone for future development of compounds targeting the GATs. Such information can provide much needed insight into mechanistic aspects of all GAT subtypes and be utilized to design improved ligands for this highly interesting drug target class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie N L Mikkelsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Sangma JT, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Bright daylight produces negative effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in nocturnal rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112885. [PMID: 38460431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The daily light/dark cycle affects animals' learning, memory, and cognition. Exposure to insufficient daylight illumination negatively impacts emotion and cognition, leading to seasonal affective disorder characterized by depression, anxiety, low motivation, and cognitive impairment in diurnal animals. However, how this affects memory, learning, and cognition in nocturnal rodents is largely unknown. Here, we studied the effect of daytime light illuminance on memory, learning, cognition, and expression of mRNA levels in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, the higher-order learning centers. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, rats were exposed to 12 L:12D (12 h light and 12 h dark) with a 10, 100, or 1000 lx daytime light illuminance. After 30 days, various behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance test) were performed. In experiment 2, rats since birth were raised either under constant bright light (250 lx; LL) or a daily light-dark cycle (12 L:12D). After four months, behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, passive avoidance test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tests) were performed. At the end of experiments, rats were sampled, and mRNA expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (Trk), microRNA132 (miR132), Neurogranin (Ng), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Crebp), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus of individual rats. Our results show that exposure to bright daylight (100 and 1000 lx; experiment 1) or constant light (experiment 2) compromises memory, learning, and cognition. Suppressed expression levels of these mRNA were also observed in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. These results suggest that light affects differently to different groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | | | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India.
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3
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Knippenberg N, Bauwens M, Schijns O, Hoogland G, Florea A, Rijkers K, Cleij TJ, Eersels K, van Grinsven B, Diliën H. Visualizing GABA transporters in vivo: an overview of reported radioligands and future directions. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 37171631 PMCID: PMC10182260 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
By clearing GABA from the synaptic cleft, GABA transporters (GATs) play an essential role in inhibitory neurotransmission. Consequently, in vivo visualization of GATs can be a valuable diagnostic tool and biomarker for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Not surprisingly, in recent years several research attempts to develop a radioligand have been conducted, but so far none have led to suitable radioligands that allow imaging of GATs. Here, we provide an overview of the radioligands that were developed with a focus on GAT1, since this is the most abundant transporter and most of the research concerns this GAT subtype. Initially, we focus on the field of GAT1 inhibitors, after which we discuss the development of GAT1 radioligands based on these inhibitors. We hypothesize that the radioligands developed so far have been unsuccessful due to the zwitterionic nature of their nipecotic acid moiety. To overcome this problem, the use of non-classical GAT inhibitors as basis for GAT1 radioligands or the use of carboxylic acid bioisosteres may be considered. As the latter structural modification has already been used in the field of GAT1 inhibitors, this option seems particularly viable and could lead to the development of more successful GAT1 radioligands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Knippenberg
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Cleij
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Panek D, Pasieka A, Latacz G, Zaręba P, Szczęch M, Godyń J, Chantegreil F, Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Skrzypczak-Wiercioch A, Walczak M, Smolik M, Sałat K, Höfner G, Wanner K, Więckowska A, Malawska B. Discovery of new, highly potent and selective inhibitors of BuChE - design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and crystallography studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115135. [PMID: 36696766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The symptomatic and disease-modifying effects of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors provide an encouraging premise for researching effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we examined a series of compounds with a new chemical scaffold based on 3-(cyclohexylmethyl)amino-2-hydroxypropyl, and we identified a highly selective hBuChE inhibitor (29). Based on extensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the compound and its enantiomers, (R)-29 was identified as a promising candidate for further development. Compound (R)-29 is a potent hBuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 40 nM) with selectivity over AChE and relevant off-targets, including H1, M1, α1A and β1 receptors. The compound displays high metabolic stability on human liver microsomes (90% of the parent compound after 2 h of incubation), and its safety was confirmed through examining the cytotoxicity on the HepG2 cell line (LC50 = 2.85 μM) and hERG inhibition (less than 50% at 10 μM). While (rac)-29 lacked an effect in vivo and showed limited penetration to the CNS in pharmacokinetics studies, compound (R)-29 exhibited a procognitive effect at 15 mg/kg in the passive avoidance task in scopolamine-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Szczęch
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Fabien Chantegreil
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Smolik
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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5
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Lomov DA, Abramyants MG, Zaporozhets OO, Pekhtereva TM. Alternative Synthesis of the Alkaloid Guvacine and Its Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022060057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang X, Li X, Lai M, Wang J, Tan S, Chan HHL. Pain Symptoms in Optic Neuritis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:865032. [PMID: 35498555 PMCID: PMC9046587 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.865032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis (ON), an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), differ between patients. Pain, which is commonly reported by ON patients, may be the major reason for some patients to visit the clinic. This article reviews the presence of pain related to ON with respect to underlying disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of pain symptoms in accordance with the context of various pathophysiological explanations, assist in differential diagnosis of ON patients, especially at the onset of disease, and make recommendations to aid physicians make decisions for follow up diagnostic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayin Yang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengying Lai
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincui Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoying Tan
| | - Henry Ho-lung Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University Research Facilities in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience (UBSN), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Henry Ho-lung Chan
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7
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Gryzło B, Zaręba P, Malawska K, Mazur G, Rapacz A, Ła̧tka K, Höfner GC, Latacz G, Bajda M, Sałat K, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Novel Functionalized Amino Acids as Inhibitors of GABA Transporters with Analgesic Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3073-3100. [PMID: 34347423 PMCID: PMC8397297 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Neuropathic pain
resistance to pharmacotherapy has encouraged researchers
to develop effective therapies for its treatment. γ-Aminobutyric
acid (GABA) transporters 1 and 4 (mGAT1 and mGAT4) have been increasingly
recognized as promising drug targets for neuropathic pain (NP) associated
with imbalances in inhibitory neurotransmission. In this context,
we designed and synthesized new functionalized amino acids as inhibitors
of GABA uptake and assessed their activities toward all four mouse
GAT subtypes (mGAT1–4). According to the obtained results,
compounds 2RS,4RS-39c (pIC50 (mGAT4) = 5.36), 50a (pIC50 (mGAT2) = 5.43), and 56a (with moderate subtype selectivity
that favored mGAT4, pIC50 (mGAT4) = 5.04) were of particular
interest and were therefore evaluated for their cytotoxic and hepatotoxic
effects. In a set of in vivo experiments, both compounds 50a and 56a showed antinociceptive properties
in three rodent models of NP, namely, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic
pain models (the oxaliplatin model and the paclitaxel model) and the
diabetic neuropathic pain model induced by streptozotocin; however
compound 56a demonstrated predominant activity. Since
impaired motor coordination is also observed in neuropathic pain conditions,
we have pointed out that none of the test compounds induced motor
deficits in the rotarod test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gryzło
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mazur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Ła̧tka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C. Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Zaręba P, Sałat K, Höfner GC, Łątka K, Bajda M, Latacz G, Kotniewicz K, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Maj M, Jóźwiak K, Filipek B, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Development of tricyclic N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide derivatives as inhibitors of GABA transporters mGAT1-4 with anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, and antidepressant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113512. [PMID: 34015586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission has a significant impact on the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have indicated that inhibitors of the GABA transporters mGAT1-4 offer a promising strategy for the treatment of several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and depression. Following our previous results, herein, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics of a new series of N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide derivatives regarding their inhibitory potency toward mGAT1-4. This study allowed us to identify compound 23a (N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide bearing a dibenzocycloheptatriene moiety), a nonselective GAT inhibitor with a slight preference toward mGAT4 (pIC50 = 5.02 ± 0.11), and compound 24e (4-hydroxy-N-[(4-methylphenyl)-methyl]butanamide bearing a dibenzocycloheptadiene moiety) with relatively high inhibitory activity toward mGAT2 (pIC50 = 5.34 ± 0.09). In a set of in vivo experiments, compound 24e successively showed predominant anticonvulsant activity and antinociception in the formalin model of tonic pain. In contrast, compound 23a showed significant antidepressant-like properties in mice. These results were consistent with the available literature data, which indicates that, apart from seizure control, GABAergic neurotransmission is also involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases, however alternative mechanisms underlying this action cannot be excluded. Finally, it is worth noting that the selected compounds showed unimpaired locomotor skills that have been indicated to give reliable results in behavioral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kamil Łątka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kotniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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9
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Miroshnikov MV, Skripka MO. Current Approaches to the Search of Anxiolytic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ryan RM, Ingram SL, Scimemi A. Regulation of Glutamate, GABA and Dopamine Transporter Uptake, Surface Mobility and Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:670346. [PMID: 33927596 PMCID: PMC8076567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.670346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter transporters limit spillover between synapses and maintain the extracellular neurotransmitter concentration at low yet physiologically meaningful levels. They also exert a key role in providing precursors for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. In many cases, neurons and astrocytes contain a large intracellular pool of transporters that can be redistributed and stabilized in the plasma membrane following activation of different signaling pathways. This means that the uptake capacity of the brain neuropil for different neurotransmitters can be dynamically regulated over the course of minutes, as an indirect consequence of changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, cell-to-cell interactions, etc. Here we discuss recent advances in the mechanisms that control the cell membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of transporters for the excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae M. Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L. Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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11
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Yakovlev DS, Vassiliev PM, Skripka MO, Miroshnikov MV, Sultanova KT, Kochetkov AN, Divaeva LN, Kuzmenko TA, Morkovnik AS. Searching for new anxiolytic agents among derivatives of 11-dialkylaminoethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105792. [PMID: 33705965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A study on the anxiolytic activity of the new derivatives of 11-dialkylaminoethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole, containing privileged scaffolds of benzodiazepine and benzimidazole in their structure, was conducted. The cytotoxic properties of low levels of six compounds were preliminary determined in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. The screening of these substances for anxiolytic activity was conducted using elevated plus maze (EPM) test in vivo, and DAB-21 was found to be the most active compound. The acute toxicity of DAB-21 was determined as less toxic than that of diazepam. The dose-dependent effect of the most active compound revealed a minimum dose of 1.26 mg/kg, which resulted in the maximum counterphobic effect. The effect of DAB-21 was superior in a number of tests compared with that of diazepam, which indicated a high level of tranquilizing activity for DAB-21. The results of in silico docking analysis suggest that DAB-21 should have a slightly lower anxiolytic activity than diazepam, but should exhibit greater specific affinity for the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor, in comparison with its GABA-binding site. The interaction between DAB-21 and flumazenil in terms of EPM verifies the GABAergic mechanism of action of DAB-21. Our results highlight the potential of 11-dialkylaminomethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles as promising compounds in the search for new highly effective anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Maltsev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Spasov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S Yakovlev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Pavel M Vassiliev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Maria O Skripka
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Miroshnikov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Kira T Sultanova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Andrey N Kochetkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Lyudmila N Divaeva
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Kuzmenko
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anatolii S Morkovnik
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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12
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Sears SM, Hewett SJ. Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1069-1083. [PMID: 33554649 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221989263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance-as is the case in some neurological disorders/diseases (e.g. traumatic brain injury Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy and substance abuse) and disorders of development (e.g. schizophrenia, Rhett syndrome and autism spectrum disorder)-leads to dysfunctional signaling, which can result in impaired cognitive and motor function, if not frank neuronal injury. At the cellular level, transmission of glutamate and GABA, the principle excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system control excitatory/inhibitory balance. Herein, we review the synthesis, release, and signaling of GABA and glutamate followed by a focused discussion on the importance of their transport systems to the maintenance of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Ms Sears
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Sandra J Hewett
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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13
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Bandelow B. Current and Novel Psychopharmacological Drugs for Anxiety Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1191:347-365. [PMID: 32002937 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder/agoraphobia (PDA), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and others, are the most prevalent mental disorders. In this paper, recommendations are given for the psychopharmacological treatment of these disorders which are based on comprehensive treatment guidelines, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of available randomized controlled studies. Anxiety disorders can effectively be treated with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or a combination of both. First-line drugs are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Benzodiazepines are not recommended for routine use due to their possible addiction potential. Other treatment options include the calcium modulator pregabalin, tricyclic antidepressants, buspirone, moclobemide, and others. Drug treatment can be combined with psychological treatments. Novel treatment strategies include medications that act on GABA, glutamate, and other neurotransmitter systems. After remission, medications should be continued for 6 to 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwin Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Mesdom P, Colle R, Lebigot E, Trabado S, Deflesselle E, Fève B, Becquemont L, Corruble E, Verstuyft C. Human Dermal Fibroblast: A Promising Cellular Model to Study Biological Mechanisms of Major Depression and Antidepressant Drug Response. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:301-318. [PMID: 31631822 PMCID: PMC7327943 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191021141057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) can be used as a cellular model relatively easily and without genetic engineering. Therefore, HDF represent an interesting tool to study several human diseases including psychiatric disorders. Despite major depressive disorder (MDD) being the second cause of disability in the world, the efficacy of antidepressant drug (AD) treatment is not sufficient and the underlying mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms of action of AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of HDF in the study of cellular mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology and in the action of AD response. METHODS The first part is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines on the use of HDF in MDD research. The second part reports the mechanisms and molecules both present in HDF and relevant regarding MDD pathophysiology and AD mechanisms of action. RESULTS HDFs from MDD patients have been investigated in a relatively small number of works and most of them focused on the adrenergic pathway and metabolism-related gene expression as compared to HDF from healthy controls. The second part listed an important number of papers demonstrating the presence of many molecular processes in HDF, involved in MDD and AD mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION The imbalance in the number of papers between the two parts highlights the great and still underused potential of HDF, which stands out as a very promising tool in our understanding of MDD and AD mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Céline Verstuyft
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Salle 416, Bâtiment Université, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Tel: +33145213588; E-mail:
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15
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Kickinger S, Hellsberg E, Frølund B, Schousboe A, Ecker GF, Wellendorph P. Structural and molecular aspects of betaine-GABA transporter 1 (BGT1) and its relation to brain function. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107644. [PMID: 31108110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ɣ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) functions as the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Imbalances in GABAergic neurotransmission are involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. GABA transporters (GATs) facilitate the termination of GABAergic signaling by transporting GABA together with sodium and chloride from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons and surrounding glial cells. Four different GATs have been identified that all belong to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family: GAT1-3 (SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11) and betaine/GABA transporter 1 (BGT1, SLC6A12). BGT1 has emerged as an interesting target for treating epilepsy due to animal studies that reported anticonvulsant effects for the GAT1/BGT1 selective inhibitor EF1502 and the BGT1 selective inhibitor RPC-425. However, the precise involvement of BGT1 in epilepsy remains elusive because of its controversial expression levels in the brain and the lack of highly selective and potent tool compounds. This review gathers the current structural and functional knowledge on BGT1 with emphasis on brain relevance, discusses all available compounds, and tries to shed light on the molecular determinants driving BGT1 selectivity. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kickinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Hellsberg
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bente Frølund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Garlet QI, Rodrigues P, Barbosa LB, Londero AL, Mello CF, Heinzmann BM. Nectandra grandiflora essential oil and its isolated sesquiterpenoids minimize anxiety-related behaviors in mice through GABAergic mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:64-80. [PMID: 31075342 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nectandra grandiflora Ness (Lauraceae) essential oil (EO) main constituent, the sesquiterpenoid (+)-dehydrofukinone (DHF), has sedative and anticonvulsant effects through GABAergic mechanisms. Other DHF-related sesquiterpenoids have been identified in the EO, such as, dehydrofukinone epoxide (DFX), eremophil-11-en-10-ol (ERM) and selin-11-en-4-α-ol (SEL). However, the neuronal effects of these compounds in mammals remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of the N. grandiflora EO and the isolated compounds in in mice. For this purpose, mice were administered orally with vehicle, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg EO, DHF, DFX, ERM or SEL or 1 mg/kg diazepam. Locomotion and ethological parameters in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were recorded. We also examined the effect of DFX, ERM and SEL on the membrane potential and calcium influx in synaptosomes, and the presence of the compounds in the cortical tissue using gas chromatography. EOs and isolated compounds reduced anxiety-related parameters in the EPM (open arms time and entries, end activity, head dipping) and OF (center time and entries, total rearing, unprotected rearing, sniffing, grooming) without alter ambulation or induce sedation. Flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.) altered the anxiolytic-like effect of all treatments and vanished the DFX, ERM and SEL-induced changes in membrane potential. However, FMZ did not blocked the DFX-, ERM- and SEL-induced inhibition of calcium influx. Therefore, our results suggest that N. grandiflora EO and isolated compounds induced anxiolytic-like effect in mice due to positive modulation of GABAa receptors and/or inhibition of neuronal calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quelen Iane Garlet
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André Luís Londero
- Medicine Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Medicine Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Gil RJ, Pawłowski T, Legutko J, Lesiak M, Witkowski A, Gąsior M, Kern A, Bil J. Rationale and design of the randomized, multicenter, open-label, controlled POLBOS 3 trial aimed to compare regular drug-eluting stents versus the dedicated coronary bifurcation sirolimus-eluting BiOSS LIM C stent. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15106. [PMID: 30946377 PMCID: PMC6455659 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary bifurcations are encountered in about 15% to 20% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). They are considered technically challenging and associated with worse clinical outcomes than nonbifurcation lesions. The BiOSS LIM C is a dedicated bifurcation balloon expandable stent made of cobalt-chromium alloy (strut thickness 70 μm) releasing sirolimus (1.4 μg/mm) from the surface of a biodegradable coating comprised of a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids. CONCLUSION The aim of the randomized, multicenter, open-label, controlled POLBOS III trial is to compare BiOSS LIM C with limus second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in the treatment of non-left main stem coronary bifurcations (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548272).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Gil
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw
| | - Tomasz Pawłowski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw
| | - Jacek Legutko
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow
| | - Maciej Lesiak
- Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań
| | - Adam Witkowski
- Department of interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases in Zabrze
| | - Adam Kern
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Bil
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw
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18
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Hauke TJ, Höfner G, Wanner KT. MS-Based Screening of 5-Substituted Nipecotic Acid Derived Hydrazone Libraries as Ligands of the GABA Transporter 1. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:583-593. [PMID: 30663849 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A screening of compound libraries based on nipecotic acid derivatives with lipophilic residues attached to the scarcely explored 5-position of the core structure was used for the search of new inhibitors of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (mGAT1). The generated compound libraries, which were based on hydrazone chemistry commonly used in dynamic combinatorial chemistry but rendered pseudostatic, were screened for their binding affinities toward mGAT1 by means of MS Binding Assays. With nipecotic acid derived hydrazone rac-16 h [rac-(3R,5S)-{5-[(E)-2-{[5-(2-phenylethynyl)thiophen-2-yl]methylidene}hydrazin-1-yl]piperidine-3-carboxylic acid}-sodium chloride (1/2)], one hit was found and evaluated displaying sub-micromolar potency (pKi =6.62±0.04) and a noncompetitive interaction mode at mGAT1. By bearing a 5-(2-phenylethynyl)thiophen-2-yl residue attached to the 5-position of nipecotic acid via a three-atom spacer, compound rac-16 h contains a structural moiety so far unprecedented for these kinds of bioactive molecules, and complements novel 5-substituted nipecotic acid derived ligands of mGAT1 revealed in a recently published screening campaign. This new class of ligands, with an inhibition mode distinct from that of benchmark mGAT1 inhibitors, could serve as research tools for investigations of mGAT1-mediated GABA transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Hauke
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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19
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Zafar S, Jabeen I. GRID-independent molecular descriptor analysis and molecular docking studies to mimic the binding hypothesis of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitors. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6283. [PMID: 30723616 PMCID: PMC6360079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT1 is involved in GABA transport across the biological membrane in and out of the synaptic cleft. The efficiency of this Na+ coupled GABA transport is regulated by an electrochemical gradient, which is directed inward under normal conditions. However, in certain pathophysiological situations, including strong depolarization or an imbalance in ion homeostasis, the GABA influx into the cytoplasm is increased by re-uptake transport mechanism. This mechanism may lead to extra removal of extracellular GABA which results in numerous neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of GABA re-uptake may enhance GABA activity at the synaptic clefts. Methods In the present study, various GRID-independent molecular descriptor (GRIND) models have been developed to shed light on the 3D structural features of human GAT1 (hGAT1) inhibitors using nipecotic acid and N-diarylalkenyl piperidine analogs. Further, a binding hypothesis has been developed for the selected GAT1 antagonists by molecular docking inside the binding cavity of hGAT1 homology model. Results Our results indicate that two hydrogen bond acceptors, one hydrogen bond donor and one hydrophobic region at certain distances from each other play an important role in achieving high inhibitory potency against hGAT1. Our docking results elucidate the importance of the COOH group in hGAT1 antagonists by considering substitution of the COOH group with an isoxazol ring in compound 37, which subsequently leads to a three order of magnitude decrease in biological activity of 37 (IC50 = 38 µM) as compared to compound 1 (IC50 = 0.040 µM). Discussion Our docking results are strengthened by the structure activity relationship of the data series as well as by GRIND models, thus providing a significant structural basis for understanding the binding of antagonists, which may be useful for guiding the design of hGAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
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20
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Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Kowalska M, Podkowa A, Sałat K. Studies on the Activity of Selected Highly Lipophilic Compounds toward hGAT1 Inhibition. Part II. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:337-347. [PMID: 30222312 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the latest results involving molecular modeling and pharmacodynamic studies of the selected highly lipophilic compounds acting by human GABA transporter 1 (hGAT1) inhibition. The chemical interaction of 17 GABA analogues with a model of hGAT1 is described using the molecular docking method. The biological role of GAT1 is related to the regulation of GABA level in the central nervous system and GAT1 inhibition plays an important role in the control of seizure threshold. To confirm that GAT1 can be also a molecular target for drugs used to treat other neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g., pain and anxiety), in the in vivo part of this study, potential antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like properties of tiagabine, a selective GAT1 inhibitor, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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21
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Huber SK, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Identification of Pyrrolidine‐3‐acetic Acid Derived Oximes as Potent Inhibitors of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 through Library Screening with MS Binding Assays. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2488-2503. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone K. Huber
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians University of Munich Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians University of Munich Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians University of Munich Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany
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22
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Hauke TJ, Wein T, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Novel Allosteric Ligands of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (GAT1) by MS Based Screening of Pseudostatic Hydrazone Libraries. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10310-10332. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Hauke
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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23
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Zafar S, Jabeen I. Structure, Function, and Modulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (GAT1) in Neurological Disorders: A Pharmacoinformatic Prospective. Front Chem 2018; 6:397. [PMID: 30255012 PMCID: PMC6141625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) Transporters (GATs) belong to sodium and chloride dependent-transporter family and are widely expressed throughout the brain. Notably, GAT1 is accountable for sustaining 75% of the synaptic GABA concentration and entails its transport to the GABAA receptors to initiate the receptor-mediated inhibition of post-synaptic neurons. Imbalance in ion homeostasis has been associated with several neurological disorders related to the GABAergic system. However, inhibition of the GABA uptake by these transporters has been accepted as an effective approach to enhance GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the treatment of seizures in epileptic and other neurological disorders. Here, we reviewed computational methodologies including molecular modeling, docking, and molecular dynamic simulations studies to underscore the structure and function of GAT1 in the GABAergic system. Additionally, various SAR and QSAR methodologies have been reviewed to probe the 3D structural features of inhibitors required to modulate GATs activity. Overall, present review provides an overview of crucial role of GAT1 in GABAergic system and its modulation to evade neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Zaręba P, Sałat K. Docking and pharmacodynamic studies on hGAT1 inhibition activity in the presence of selected neuronal and astrocytic inhibitors. Part I. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:171-181. [PMID: 30219588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) uptake is a strategy for enhancing GABA transmission. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by the successful development of such agents for the treatment of epilepsy and pain. Existing reports on acute brain slice preparations indicate the intersecting of complementary channels and receptors sets between astrocytes and neurons cells. Thorough analysis of astroglial cells by means of molecular and functional studies demonstrated their active modulatory role in intercellular communication. The chemical interactions between sixteen GABA analogues and isoform of hGAT1 is outlined in the light of molecular docking results. In the in vivo part antinociceptive properties of racemic nipecotic acid, its R and S enantiomers and isonipecotic acid, each administered intraperitoneally at 3 fixed doses (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), were assessed in a thermally-induced acute pain model i.e. the mouse hot plate test. Docking analyses provided complex binding energies, specific h-bond components, and h-bond properties, such as energies, distances and angles. In vivo tests revealed statistically significant antinociceptive properties of isonipecotic acid (10 and 30 mg/kg), R-nipecotic acid (30 and 100 mg/kg) and S-nipecotic acid (100 mg/kg) in mice. The docking data endorse the hypothesis of correlation between the strength of their chemical interactions with hGAT1 and analgesic action of studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland.
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Siraj F, Yadav R, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Tiwari M. The anti-epileptogenic and cognition enhancing effect of novel 1-[4-(4-benzo [1, 3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-urea (BPPU) in pentylenetetrazole induced chronic rat model of epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Zhuo W, Peng X, Lin X. Insights into the interaction mechanism between tiagabine hydrochloride and two serum albumins. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24953-24960. [PMID: 35542170 PMCID: PMC9082336 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiagabine hydrochloride (TGB) is a widely used anticonvulsive drug for the treatment of epilepsy. To better understand the interactions of TGB with plasma proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as model proteins. TGB slightly increased thermal stability of the proteins as confirmed by VP-capillary differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements. Isothermal titration calorimeter (ITC) results showed that TGB could be combined with HSA and BSA moderately, which was also corroborated by fluorescence analysis. Besides, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0) indicated that hydrophobic forces played a major role in the formulation of TGB-HSA and TGB-BSA complexes. Moreover, the main binding sites of TGB to HSA and BSA were also examined by classical fluorescent probe (dansylsarcosine and dansylamide) experiments, showing that TGB and dansylsarcosine competitively interacted with HSA and BSA at the same binding sites. Additionally, TGB had no obvious effect on the conformation change of HSA and BSA as indicated by spectroscopic analyses. This study provides useful information about the interaction mechanism of TGB and serum albumins, which could help to better utilize TGB in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Zhuo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China +86 028 85990908 +86 02885990908
| | - Xilin Peng
- Sinopharm Chuankang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China +86 028 85990908 +86 02885990908
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Duan Y, Wang Q, Zeng Q, Wang J, Chen Z, Xu M, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Xue Q, Cao X. Striatal GluN2B involved in motor skill learning and stimulus-response learning. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Malikowska-Racia N, Podkowa A, Sałat K. Phencyclidine and Scopolamine for Modeling Amnesia in Rodents: Direct Comparison with the Use of Barnes Maze Test and Contextual Fear Conditioning Test in Mice. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:431-441. [PMID: 29680979 PMCID: PMC6154175 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays cognitive impairments are a growing unresolved medical issue which may accompany many diseases and therapies, furthermore, numerous researchers investigate various neurobiological aspects of human memory to find possible ways to improve it. Until any other method is discovered, in vivo studies remain the only available tool for memory evaluation. At first, researchers need to choose a model of amnesia which may strongly influence observed results. Thereby a deeper insight into a model itself may increase the quality and reliability of results. The most common method to impair memory in rodents is the pretreatment with drugs that disrupt learning and memory. Taking this into consideration, we compared the activity of agents commonly used for this purpose. We investigated effects of phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine (SCOP), an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, on short-term spatial memory and classical fear conditioning in mice. PCP (3 mg/kg) and SCOP (1 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before behavioral paradigms. To assess the influence of PCP and SCOP on short-term spatial memory, the Barnes maze test in C57BL/J6 mice was used. Effects on classical conditioning were evaluated using contextual fear conditioning test. Additionally, spontaneous locomotor activity of mice was measured. These two tests were performed in CD-1 mice. Our study reports that both tested agents disturbed short-term spatial memory in the Barnes maze test, however, SCOP revealed a higher activity. Surprisingly, learning in contextual fear conditioning test was impaired only by SCOP. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
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Lee AG, Hagenauer M, Absher D, Morrison KE, Bale TL, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Schatzberg AF, Lyons DM. Stress amplifies sex differences in primate prefrontal profiles of gene expression. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 29096718 PMCID: PMC5667444 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a recognized risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders that occur more often in women than men. Prefrontal brain regions mediate stress coping, cognitive control, and emotion. Here, we investigate sex differences and stress effects on prefrontal cortical profiles of gene expression in squirrel monkey adults. METHODS Dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal cortical regions from 18 females and 12 males were collected after stress or no-stress treatment conditions. Gene expression profiles were acquired using HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip arrays adapted for squirrel monkeys. RESULTS Extensive variation between prefrontal cortical regions was discerned in the expression of numerous autosomal and sex chromosome genes. Robust sex differences were also identified across prefrontal cortical regions in the expression of mostly autosomal genes. Genes with increased expression in females compared to males were overrepresented in mitogen-activated protein kinase and neurotrophin signaling pathways. Many fewer genes with increased expression in males compared to females were discerned, and no molecular pathways were identified. Effect sizes for sex differences were greater in stress compared to no-stress conditions for ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical regions but not dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Stress amplifies sex differences in gene expression profiles for prefrontal cortical regions involved in stress coping and emotion regulation. Results suggest molecular targets for new treatments of stress disorders in human mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - Megan Hagenauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - David M Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA.
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