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Groenink L, Verdouw PM, Zhao Y, Ter Heegde F, Wever KE, Bijlsma EY. Pharmacological modulation of conditioned fear in the fear-potentiated startle test: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2361-2401. [PMID: 36651922 PMCID: PMC10593622 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Fear conditioning is an important aspect in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. The fear-potentiated startle test is based on classical fear conditioning and over the years, a broad range of drugs have been tested in this test. Synthesis of the available data may further our understanding of the neurotransmitter systems that are involved in the expression of conditioned fear. METHODS Following a comprehensive search in Medline and Embase, we included 68 research articles that reported on 103 drugs, covering 56 different drug classes. The systematic review was limited to studies using acute, systemic drug administration in naive animals. RESULTS Qualitative data synthesis showed that most clinically active anxiolytics, but not serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, reduced cued fear. Anxiogenic drugs increased fear potentiation in 35% of the experiments, reduced fear potentiation in 29% of the experiments, and were without effect in 29% of the experiments. Meta-analyses could be performed for five drug classes and showed that benzodiazepines, buspirone, 5-HT1A agonists, 5-HT1A antagonists, and mGluR2,3 agonists reduced cued conditioned fear. The non-cued baseline startle response, which may reflect contextual anxiety, was only significantly reduced by benzodiazepines and 5-HT1A antagonists. No associations were found between drug effects and methodological characteristics, except for strain. CONCLUSIONS The fear-potentiated startle test appears to have moderate to high predictive validity and may serve as a valuable tool for the development of novel anxiolytics. Given the limited available data, the generally low study quality and high heterogeneity additional studies are warranted to corroborate the findings of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianne Groenink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P Monika Verdouw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freija Ter Heegde
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Y Bijlsma
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sharma D, Tripathi M, Doddamani R, Sharma MC, Lalwani S, Sarat Chandra P, Banerjee Dixit A, Banerjee J. Correlation of age at seizure onset with GABA A receptor subunit and chloride Co-transporter configuration in Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Neurosci Lett 2023; 796:137065. [PMID: 36638954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a group of malformations of cortical development, which are speculated to be related to early developmental defects in the cerebral cortex. According to dysmature cerebral development hypothesis of FCD altered GABAA receptor function is known to contribute to abnormal neuronal network. Here, we studied the possible association between age at seizure onset in FCD with the subunit configuration of GABAA receptors in resected brain specimens obtained from patients with FCD. We observed a significantly higher ratio of α4/α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in patients with early onset (EO) FCD as compared to those with late onset (LO) FCD as is seen during the course of development where α4-containing GABAA receptors expression is high as compared to α1-containing GABAA receptors expression. Likewise, the influx to efflux chloride co-transporter expression of NKCC1/KCC2 was also increased in patients with EO FCD as seen during brain development. In addition, we observed that the ratio of GABA/Glutamate neurotransmitters was lower in patients with EO FCD as compared to that in patients with LO FCD. Our findings suggest altered configuration of GABAA receptors in FCD which could be contributing to aberrant depolarizing GABAergic activity. In particular, we observed a correlation of age at seizure onset in FCD with subunit configuration of GABAA receptors, levels of NKCC1/KCC2 and the ratio of GABA/Glutamate neurotransmitters such that the patients with EO FCD exhibited a more critically modulated GABAergic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Doddamani
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Pethő B, Szilágyi GB, Mengyel B, Nagy T, Farkas F, Kátai-Fadgyas K, Volk B. Development and Process Intensification of an Efficient Flow–Cascade Reaction Sequence in the Synthesis of Afizagabar. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Pethő
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B. Szilágyi
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Mengyel
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Farkas
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kátai-Fadgyas
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Volk
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
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Distinct sex-dependent behavioral responses induced by two positive allosteric modulators of alpha 5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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McGinnity CJ, Riaño Barros DA, Hinz R, Myers JF, Yaakub SN, Thyssen C, Heckemann RA, de Tisi J, Duncan JS, Sander JW, Lingford-Hughes A, Koepp MJ, Hammers A. Αlpha 5 subunit-containing GABA A receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcaa190. [PMID: 33501420 PMCID: PMC7811756 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit mediate tonic inhibition and are widely expressed in the limbic system. In animals, activation of α5-containing receptors impairs hippocampus-dependent memory. Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with memory impairments related to neuron loss and other changes. The less selective PET ligand [11C]flumazenil has revealed reductions in GABAA receptors. The hypothesis that α5 subunit receptor alterations are present in temporal lobe epilepsy and could contribute to impaired memory is untested. We compared α5 subunit availability between individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal structural MRI ('MRI-negative') and healthy controls, and interrogated the relationship between α5 subunit availability and episodic memory performance, in a cross-sectional study. Twenty-three healthy male controls (median ± interquartile age 49 ± 13 years) and 11 individuals with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (seven males; 40 ± 8) had a 90-min PET scan after bolus injection of [11C]Ro15-4513, with arterial blood sampling and metabolite correction. All those with epilepsy and six controls completed the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery on the scanning day. 'Bandpass' exponential spectral analyses were used to calculate volumes of distribution separately for the fast component [V F; dominated by signal from α1 (α2, α3)-containing receptors] and the slow component (V S; dominated by signal from α5-containing receptors). We made voxel-by-voxel comparisons between: the epilepsy and control groups; each individual case versus the controls. We obtained parametric maps of V F and V S measures from a single bolus injection of [11C]Ro15-4513. The epilepsy group had higher V S in anterior medial and lateral aspects of the temporal lobes, the anterior cingulate gyri, the presumed area tempestas (piriform cortex) and the insulae, in addition to increases of ∼24% and ∼26% in the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampal areas (P < 0.004). This was associated with reduced V F:V S ratios within the same areas (P < 0.009). Comparisons of V S for each individual with epilepsy versus controls did not consistently lateralize the epileptogenic lobe. Memory scores were significantly lower in the epilepsy group than in controls (mean ± standard deviation -0.4 ± 1.0 versus 0.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.02). In individuals with epilepsy, hippocampal V S did not correlate with memory performance on the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery. They had reduced V F in the hippocampal area, which was significant ipsilaterally (P = 0.03), as expected from [11C]flumazenil studies. We found increased tonic inhibitory neurotransmission in our cohort of MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy who also had co-morbid memory impairments. Our findings are consistent with a subunit shift from α1/2/3 to α5 in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J McGinnity
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Daniela A Riaño Barros
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK
| | - James F Myers
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Siti N Yaakub
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Charlotte Thyssen
- Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane de Tisi
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Josemir W Sander
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede 2103SW, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Neurodis Foundation, CERMEP, Imagerie du Vivant, 69003 Lyon, France
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Chabriat H, Bassetti CL, Marx U, Audoli-Inthavong ML, Sors A, Lambert E, Wattez M, Hermann DM, ALTHAUS K, AMARO S, BAE HJ, BAK Z, BARBARINI L, BASSI P, BAZAN R, BERECZKI D, BERKOWICZ T, BERROUSCHOT J, BLACQUIERE D, BROLA W, BUTCHER K, CARDONA P, CHA JK, CLOUD G, COHEN D, CORDONNIER C, CSANYI A, CZLONKOWSKA A, DAVIS S, DAWSON J, DE KLIPPEL N, DENIER C, DESFONTAINES P, DIENER HC, DIOSZEGHY P, DIPPEL DW, DORADO L, FOLYOVICH A, FREITAS GR, FRIEDRICH MA, FRYZE W, GAGLIARDI RJ, GOTTSCHAL M, GRIMLEY R, GROND M, GRÖSCHEL K, HOSSEINI H, HWANG Y, KALLMUENZER B, KHAN U, KIM JS, KLEINIG T, KOVES A, LAGO MARTIN A, LASEK-BAL A, LEMBO G, LEMMENS R, LINDERT R, PORCELLO MARRONE LC, MARTINEZ ZABALETA M, MAS JL, MASJUAN VALLEJO J, MAZIGHI M, MINELLI C, MISTRI A, MOLINA C, MONICHE ALVAREZ F, CABRAL MORO CH, MULLENERS W, NABAVI D, NEAU JP, O'BRIEN B, OVARY C, PANCZEL G, PARK MS, PHAN T, RAGAB S, REJDAK K, RODRIGUEZ DE FREITAS G, ROFFE C, ROQUER GONZALEZ J, ROVER L, SAMPAIO SILVA G, SCHELLINGER P, SEGURA MARTIN T, SHAW L, SIBON I, SKODA O, SMADJA D, SOBOLEWSKI P, SODA H, SPRIGG N, SWIAT M, SZAPARY L, SZEGEDI N, TONI D, VALIKOVICS A, VANHOOREN G, VECSEI L, WEIN T, WONG A, XIMENEZ CARRILLO A. Safety and efficacy of GABAA α5 antagonist S44819 in patients with ischaemic stroke: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:226-233. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paine TA, Chang S, Poyle R. Contribution of GABA A receptor subunits to attention and social behavior. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112261. [PMID: 31560920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GABA dysfunction is associated with a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia, autism and depression. Blocking cortical GABAA receptors in rodents causes behavioral deficits, including impaired attention and sociability, that are consistent with the symptoms of these conditions. The subunit composition of GABAA receptors is diverse and can affect receptor function. The current experiment examined the role of GABAA receptors containing different α-subunits in social behavior and attention. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered FG7142 (0.0-5.0 mg/kg; a non-selective GABAA receptor inverse agonist), L-655,708 (0-1.0 mg/kg; a low efficacy inverse agonist at α5-containing GABAA receptors), MRK-016 (0.0-2.0 mg/kg; a high efficacy inverse agonist at α5-containing GABAA receptors), or L-838,417 (0.0-3.0 mg/kg; an antagonist at α1-containing receptors and a partial agonist at α2, α3, α5-containing GABAA receptors) and either tested on the social interaction and social preference tests or the 5-choice serial reaction time task. RESULTS FG7142 decreased social interactions and impaired attention. MRK-016 impaired attention but did not affect social behavior. Neither L-655,708 nor L-838,417 significantly affected either social behavior or attention. DISCUSSION Systemic reduction in GABAA receptor signaling decreased sociability and attention, a result consistent with past research demonstrating cortical GABAA receptor blockade impairs social behavior and attention. Overall, the effects of the receptor subtype selective ligands were minimal; α5-containing GABAA receptors may contribute to the attentional deficit but do not contribute to the decrease in sociability. Further research is needed to determine the GABAA receptor subunits that contribute to social behavior and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie A Paine
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, United States.
| | - Sara Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, United States
| | - Rachel Poyle
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, United States
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Wang YC, Dzyubenko E, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Sardari M, Silva de Carvalho T, Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Machado P, Kleinschnitz C, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM. Postacute Delivery of GABA A α5 Antagonist Promotes Postischemic Neurological Recovery and Peri-infarct Brain Remodeling. Stroke 2019; 49:2495-2503. [PMID: 30355106 PMCID: PMC6159671 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Poststroke, neuronal excitability is tonically reduced in peri-infarct tissue via inhibitory influences of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. We hypothesized that GABAA α5 blockade by the competitive antagonist S44819 enhances postischemic neurological recovery, brain remodeling, and neuroplasticity. Methods— In an explorative study followed by a confirmation study, male C57Bl6/j mice were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Starting 72 hours poststroke, vehicle or S44819 (3 or 10 mg/kg, BID) was delivered orally for 28 days. Neurological recovery, perilesional tissue remodeling, and contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity were evaluated for 42 days, that is, 14 days after completion of S44819 delivery. Results— S44819, delivered at 10 but not 3 mg/kg, persistently improved motor coordination and spatial memory in both studies. Striatal atrophy was reduced by 10 mg/kg S44819 at 42 days post-treatment onset, and neuronal long-term survival in the peri-infarct striatum was increased. Delayed neuroprotection was associated with reduced peri-infarct astrogliosis, increased peri-infarct brain capillary density, and increased neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation in proximity to the ipsilesional subventricular zone. Contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity, evaluated by anterograde tract tracing at the level of the red nucleus, was not influenced by S44819. Concentrations of neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) growth factors were elevated by 10 mg/kg S44819 in peri-infarct but not contralesional brain tissue. Conclusions— Our data demonstrate that S44819 enhances neurological recovery and peri-infarct brain remodeling in the postacute stroke phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Egor Dzyubenko
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Eduardo H Sanchez-Mendoza
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Maryam Sardari
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Tayana Silva de Carvalho
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen Medical School, Germany (T.R.D.)
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Patricia Machado
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (P.M.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | | | - Dirk M Hermann
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
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Hermann DM, Saba B, Sors A, Bassetti CL. Preclinical concepts and results with the GABA A antagonist S44819 in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1517-1518. [PMID: 31089046 PMCID: PMC6557109 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Departments of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Saba
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Aurore Sors
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
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Cheng WH, Martens KM, Bashir A, Cheung H, Stukas S, Gibbs E, Namjoshi DR, Button EB, Wilkinson A, Barron CJ, Cashman NR, Cripton PA, Wellington CL. CHIMERA repetitive mild traumatic brain injury induces chronic behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:6. [PMID: 30636629 PMCID: PMC6330571 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The annual incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States is over 2.5 million, with approximately 3–5 million people living with chronic sequelae. Compared with moderate-severe TBI, the long-term effects of mild TBI (mTBI) are less understood but important to address, particularly for contact sport athletes and military personnel who have high mTBI exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes induced by the Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA) model of mTBI in both wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice up to 8 months post-injury. Methods Male WT and APP/PS1 littermates were randomized to sham or repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI; 2 × 0.5 J impacts 24 h apart) groups at 5.7 months of age. Animals were assessed up to 8 months post-injury for acute neurological deficits using the loss of righting reflex (LRR) and Neurological Severity Score (NSS) tasks, and chronic behavioural changes using the passive avoidance (PA), Barnes maze (BM), elevated plus maze (EPM) and rotarod (RR) tasks. Neuropathological assessments included white matter damage; grey matter inflammation; and measures of Aβ levels, deposition, and aducanumab binding activity. Results The very mild CHIMERA rmTBI conditions used here produced no significant acute neurological or motor deficits in WT and APP/PS1 mice, but they profoundly inhibited extinction of fear memory specifically in APP/PS1 mice over the 8-month assessment period. Spatial learning and memory were affected by both injury and genotype. Anxiety and risk-taking behaviour were affected by injury but not genotype. CHIMERA rmTBI induced chronic white matter microgliosis, axonal injury and astrogliosis independent of genotype in the optic tract but not the corpus callosum, and it altered microgliosis in APP/PS1 amygdala and hippocampus. Finally, rmTBI did not alter long-term tau, Aβ or amyloid levels, but it increased aducanumab binding activity. Conclusions CHIMERA is a useful model to investigate the chronic consequences of rmTBI, including behavioural abnormalities consistent with features of post-traumatic stress disorder and inflammation of both white and grey matter. The presence of human Aβ greatly modified extinction of fear memory after rmTBI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0461-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kris M Martens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Asma Bashir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Honor Cheung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ebrima Gibbs
- Department of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dhananjay R Namjoshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily B Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carlos J Barron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter A Cripton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Sciences Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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11
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Zhao ZF, Du L, Gao T, Bao L, Luo Y, Yin YQ, Wang YA. Inhibition of α5 GABAA receptors has preventive but not therapeutic effects on isoflurane-induced memory impairment in aged rats. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1029-1036. [PMID: 30762015 PMCID: PMC6404482 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The α5 subunit-containing gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptors (α5 GABAARs) are a distinct subpopulation that are specifically distributed in the mammalian hippocampus and also mediate tonic inhibitory currents in hippocampal neurons. These tonic currents can be enhanced by low-dose isoflurane, which is associated with learning and memory impairment. Inverse agonists of α5 GABAARs, such as L-655,708, are able to reverse the short-term memory deficit caused by low-dose isoflurane in young animals. However, whether these negative allosteric modulators have the same effects on aged rats remains unclear. In the present study, we mainly investigated the effects of L-655,708 on low-dose (1.3%) isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in elderly rats. Young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive L-655,708 0.5 hour before or 23.5 hours after 1.3% isoflurane anesthesia. The Morris Water Maze tests demonstrated that L-655,708 injected before or after anesthesia could reverse the memory deficit in young rats. But in aged rats, application of L-655,708 only before anesthesia showed similar effects. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that low-dose isoflurane decreased the mRNA expression of α5 GABAARs in aging hippocampal neurons but increased that in young animals. These findings indicate that L-655,708 prevented but could not reverse 1.3% isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in aged Wistar rats. All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Academy of Military Medical Science of China (approval No. NBCDSER-IACUC-2015128) in December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-An Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Golovko AI, Ivanov MB, Golovko ES, Dolgo-Saburov VB, Zatsepin EP. The Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Pharmacological Activities of Inverse Agonists of the Benzodiazepine Binding Site. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Xiong Z, Zhang K, Ishima T, Ren Q, Chang L, Chen J, Hashimoto K. Comparison of rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects of negative modulators of α5-containing GABA A receptors and (R)‑ketamine in a chronic social defeat stress model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 175:139-145. [PMID: 30359627 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The negative allosteric modulators (NAMs: L-655,708 and MRK-016) of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors are reported to show rapid-acting antidepressant effects in rodents. However, there are no reports comparing these NAMs and (R)‑ketamine, (R)-enantiomer of the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine, in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Here we measured expression of α5 GABAA receptor in the brain regions from CSDS susceptible mice and postmortem brain samples from depressed patients. Expression of α5 GABAA receptor in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from CSDS susceptible mice was significantly higher than that of control mice. Furthermore, expression of α5 GABAA receptor in the parietal cortex from depressed patients was also higher than that of control subjects. In the tail suspension and forced swimming tests, (R)‑ketamine and MRK-016 significantly attenuated the increased immobility time in the susceptible mice, compared with the vehicle-treated group. In the sucrose preference test, (R)‑ketamine and MRK-016 significantly enhanced the reduced preference in CSDS susceptible mice two days after a single injection. Unlike (R)‑ketamine, MRK-016 did not attenuate the reduced sucrose preference in susceptible mice 7 days after a single injection. In contrast, L-655,708 did not show antidepressant effects in the same model. In conclusion, this study shows that increased levels of α5 GABAA receptors in the PFC and hippocampus may play a role in depression-like phenotype after CSDS. It is unlikely that MRK-016 has long-lasting antidepressant effects although it elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xiong
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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14
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Persistent therapeutic effect of a novel α5-GABA A receptor antagonist in rodent preclinical models of vascular cognitive impairment. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:118-125. [PMID: 30012500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the potential of the selective extra-synaptic α5-GABAA receptor inhibitor S44819 (Egis-13529) to improve cognitive performance in preclinical models of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Chronic hypoperfusion of the brain in mice was induced by permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery (rUCO). rUCO induced impairments of cognitive function in the object recognition test (OR) and the rewarded T-maze (RTM). In both tests, a single oral treatment with S44819 (OR - 0.1-3 mg/kg, RTM - 1-3 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced the effect of rUCO. Long-term treatment with S44819 (1-10 mg/kg twice daily p.o. for 14 days), that was initiated 24 h after surgery and was followed by a 10- or 13-day wash-out period, fully prevented the decline of cognitive performance of rUCO mice. In rats, occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 30 min caused a significantly diminished performance in the OR. This was prevented by S44819 given p.o. 15 mg/kg twice daily for 8 days, starting 7 days after surgery and tested following a 7-day wash-out period. Taken together, S44819 markedly and stably improved reference and working memory impaired by rUCO in mice. In rats, the compound effectively suppressed the development of cognitive impairment after mild stroke. In conclusion, as longer-term administration led to a persistent reversal of the cognitive deficits, it appears that S44819 may have symptomatic, as well as disease-modifying effects in models of VCI. Proof of concept is therefore provided for testing S44819 in the therapy of VCI and post-stroke dementia in humans.
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15
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Pálvölgyi A, Móricz K, Pataki Á, Mihalik B, Gigler G, Megyeri K, Udvari S, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA. Loop F of the GABA A receptor alpha subunit governs GABA potency. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:408-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Etherington LA, Mihalik B, Pálvölgyi A, Ling I, Pallagi K, Kertész S, Varga P, Gunn BG, Brown AR, Livesey MR, Monteiro O, Belelli D, Barkóczy J, Spedding M, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA, Lambert JJ. Selective inhibition of extra-synaptic α5-GABA A receptors by S44819, a new therapeutic agent. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:353-364. [PMID: 28807671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate neuronal inhibition and are important therapeutic targets. GABAARs are composed of 5 subunits, drawn from 19 proteins, underpinning expression of 20-30 GABAAR subtypes. In the CNS these isoforms are heterogeneously expressed and exhibit distinct physiological and pharmacological properties. We report the discovery of S44819, a novel tricyclic oxazolo-2,3-benzodiazepine-derivative, that selectively inhibits α5-subunit-containing GABAARs (α5-GABAARs). Current α5-GABAAR inhibitors bind to the "benzodiazepine site". However, in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant α5-GABAARs, S44819 had no effect on 3H-flumazenil binding, but displaced the GABAAR agonist 3H-muscimol and competitively inhibited the GABA-induced responses. Importantly, we reveal that the α5-subunit selectivity is uniquely governed by amino acid residues within the α-subunit F-loop, a region associated with GABA binding. In mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons, S44819 enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), blocked a tonic current mediated by extrasynaptic α5-GABAARs, but had no effect on synaptic GABAARs. In mouse thalamic neurons, S44819 had no effect on the tonic current mediated by δ-GABAARs, or on synaptic (α1β2γ2) GABAARs. In rats, S44819 enhanced object recognition memory and reversed scopolamine-induced impairment of working memory in the eight-arm radial maze. In conclusion, S44819 is a first in class compound that uniquely acts as a potent, competitive, selective antagonist of recombinant and native α5-GABAARs. Consequently, S44819 enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and exhibits pro-cognitive efficacy. Given this profile, S44819 may improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative disorders and facilitate post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-An Etherington
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Balázs Mihalik
- Biotalentum Kft, Gödöllő, Aulich Lajos u. 26, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - István Ling
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Varga
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | - Ben G Gunn
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam R Brown
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Olivia Monteiro
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michael Spedding
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, 78290, France
| | | | | | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK.
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