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Biancotti JC, Sescleifer AM, Sferra SR, Penikis AB, Halbert-Elliott KM, Bubb CR, Kunisaki SM. Maternal Minocycline as Fetal Therapy in a Rat Model of Myelomeningocele. J Surg Res 2024; 301:696-703. [PMID: 39168042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate whether the maternal administration of minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in models of neural injury, reduces inflammation and neural cell death in a fetal rat model of myelomeningocele (MMC). METHODS E10 pregnant rats were gavaged with olive oil or olive oil + retinoic acid to induce fetal MMC. At E12, the dams were exposed to regular drinking water or water containing minocycline (range, 40-140 mg/kg/day). At E21, fetal lumbosacral spinal cords were isolated for immunohistochemistry and quantitative gene expression studies focused on microglia activity, inflammation, and apoptosis (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was a trend toward decreased activated Iba1+ microglial cells within the dorsal spinal cord of MMC pups following minocycline exposure when compared to water (H2O) alone (P = 0.052). Prenatal minocycline exposure was correlated with significantly reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 (minocycline: 1.75 versus H2O: 3.52, P = 0.04) and apoptosis gene, Bax (minocycline: 0.71 versus H2O: 1.04, P < 0.001) among MMC pups. CONCLUSIONS This study found evidence that the maternal administration of minocycline reduces selected markers of inflammation and apoptosis within the exposed dorsal spinal cords of fetal MMC rats. Further study of minocycline as a novel prenatal treatment strategy to mitigate spinal cord damage in MMC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Biancotti
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne M Sescleifer
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelby R Sferra
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Annalise B Penikis
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kyra M Halbert-Elliott
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ciaran R Bubb
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shaun M Kunisaki
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Leung ECH, Jain P, Michealson MA, Choi H, Ellsworth-Kopkowski A, Valenzuela CF. Recent breakthroughs in understanding the cerebellum's role in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Alcohol 2024; 119:37-71. [PMID: 38097146 PMCID: PMC11166889 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol during fetal development can lead to structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellum, a brain region responsible for motor coordination, balance, and specific cognitive functions. In this systematic review, we comprehensively analyze a vast body of research conducted on vertebrate animals and humans over the past 13 years. We identified studies through PubMed and screened them following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and quality analysis were conducted using Covidence systematic review software. A total of 108 studies met our inclusion criteria, with the majority (79 studies) involving vertebrate animal models and 29 studies focusing on human subjects. Animal models included zebrafish, mice, rats, sheep, and non-human primates, investigating the impact of ethanol on cerebellar structure, gene/protein expression, physiology, and cerebellar-dependent behaviors. Additionally, some animal studies explored potential therapeutic interventions against ethanol-induced cerebellar damage. The human studies predominantly adopted cohort designs, exploring the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on cerebellar structure and function. Certain human studies delved into innovative cerebellar-based diagnostic approaches for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The collective findings from these studies clearly indicate that the cerebellum is involved in various neurophysiological deficits associated with FASD, emphasizing the importance of evaluating both cerebellar structure and function in the diagnostic process for this condition. Moreover, this review sheds light into potential therapeutic strategies that can mitigate prenatal alcohol exposure-induced cerebellar damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C H Leung
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Marisa A Michealson
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Hyesun Choi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Alexis Ellsworth-Kopkowski
- Health Sciences Library & Informatics Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Olivares-Costa M, Fabio MC, De la Fuente-Ortega E, Haeger PA, Pautassi R. New therapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a narrative review of the preclinical literature. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39023419 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2361442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy induces enduring detrimental effects in the offspring, manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms collectively termed as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Presently, there is a scarcity of treatments for FASD.Objectives: To analyze current literature, emphasizing evidence derived from preclinical models, that could potentially inform therapeutic interventions for FASD.Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on four prospective treatments: nutritional supplements, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and environmental enrichment. The review also highlights innovative therapeutic strategies applied during early (e.g. folate administration, postnatal days 4-9) or late (e.g. NOX2 inhibitors given after weaning) postnatal stages that resulted in significant improvements in behavioral responses during adolescence (a critical period marked by the emergence of mental health issues in humans).Results: Our findings underscore the value of treatments centered around nutritional supplementation or environmental enrichment, aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, implying shared mechanisms in FASD pathogenesis. Moreover, the review spotlights emerging evidence pertaining to the involvement of novel molecular components with potential pharmacological targets (such as NOX2, MCP1/CCR2, PPARJ, and PDE1).Conclusions: Preclinical studies have identified oxidative imbalance and neuroinflammation as relevant pathological mechanisms induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. The relevance of these mechanisms, which exhibit positive feedback loop mechanisms, appear to peak during early development and decreases in adulthood. These findings provide a framework for the future development of therapeutic avenues in the development of specific clinical treatments for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Olivares-Costa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - María Carolina Fabio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Erwin De la Fuente-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Coquimbo, Chile
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Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Husain A, Pandey N, Khubaib M, Sharma R. Role of inflammatory cytokine burst in neuro-invasion of Japanese Encephalitis virus infection: an immunotherapeutic approaches. J Neurovirol 2024; 30:251-265. [PMID: 38842651 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis remains a significant global health concern, contributing to millions of deaths annually worldwide. Microglial cells, as key innate immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS), exhibit intricate cellular structures and possess molecular phenotypic plasticity, playing pivotal roles in immune responses during CNS viral infections. Particularly under viral inflammatory conditions, microglial cells orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to mitigate viral invasion and dampen inflammatory reactions. This review article comprehensively summarizes the pathophysiology of viral invasion into the CNS and the cellular interactions involved, elucidating the roles of various immune mediators, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, in neuroinflammation. Leveraging this knowledge, strategies for modulating inflammatory responses and attenuating hyperactivation of glial cells to mitigate viral replication within the brain are discussed. Furthermore, current chemotherapeutic and antiviral drugs are examined, elucidating their mechanisms of action against viral replication. This review aims to provide insights into therapeutic interventions for Japanese Encephalitis and related viral infections, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Ahmad
- IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, 224001 Uttar Pradesh, India., 224001, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adil Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niharika Pandey
- IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Khubaib
- IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rolee Sharma
- IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, CSJM University, Kanpur, 228024, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hao K, Chen F, Xu S, Xiong Y, Xu R, Huang H, Shu C, Wang H, Wang G, Reynolds GP. The role of SIRT3 in mediating the cognitive deficits and neuroinflammatory changes associated with a developmental animal model of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110914. [PMID: 38122862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory state may contribute to the pathogenesis of many mental disorders including schizophrenia. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor for activation of proteins involved in mitochondria quality control, such as Sirtuin3 (SIRT3). Our previous study has found that NAD+ supplement could rescue early life stress (ELS)-induced neuroinflammation and down-regulation of SIRT3 in adult offspring. However, it is unclear whether SIRT3 is the key to the neuroprotective effects of NAD+ supplement in this animal model of schizophrenia. The present study used 24 h maternal separation (MS) as ELS to Wistar rat pups on the postnatal day (PND) 9. Schizophrenia-like behaviors and memory impairments were detected by behavioral tests. Microglial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and NAD+/SIRT3 expression were detected in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Meanwhile, NAM (a precursor of NAD+), and the SIRT3 activator Honokiol (HNK), and the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP were used as an intervention in vivo. Our results showed that ELS could induce schizophrenia-like behaviors and M1 microglial activation, NAD+ decline, lower expression of SIRT3, and increased acetylated superoxide dismutase 2 expression at the adult stage. NAD+ supplement or HNK administration could block this process and normalize the behavioral alterations of the MS animals. 3-TYP administration in the control group and the NAM-treated MS rats caused M1 microglial activation and cognitive deficits. Our results demonstrated that SIRT3 mediated the stabilizing effect of NAD+ on normalizing M1 microglial activation and behavioral phenotypes in MS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fashuai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry Research, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Anton PE, Rutt LN, Kaufman ML, Busquet N, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Binge ethanol exposure in advanced age elevates neuroinflammation and early indicators of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:303-316. [PMID: 38151165 PMCID: PMC11446185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is rising among aged adults (>65 years of age), however the contribution of alcohol misuse to neurodegenerative disease development is not well understood. Both advanced age and repeated binge ethanol exposure increase neuroinflammation, which is an important component of neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Surprisingly, the distinct effects of binge ethanol exposure on neuroinflammation and associated degeneration in the aged brain have not been well characterized. Here, we establish a model of intermittent binge ethanol exposure in young and aged female mice to investigate the effects of advanced age and binge ethanol on these outcomes. Following intermittent binge ethanol exposure, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (tnf-α, il-1β, ccl2) was distinctly increased in isolated hippocampal tissue by the combination of advanced age and ethanol. Binge ethanol exposure also increased measures of senescence, the nod like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and microglia reactivity in the brains of aged mice compared to young. Binge ethanol exposure also promoted neuropathology in the hippocampus of aged mice, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. We further identified advanced age-related deficits in contextual memory that were further negatively impacted by ethanol exposure. These data suggest binge drinking superimposed with advanced age promotes early markers of neurodegenerative disease development and cognitive decline, which may be driven by heightened neuroinflammatory responses to ethanol. Taken together, we propose this novel exposure model of intermittent binge ethanol can be used to identify therapeutic targets to prevent advanced age- and ethanol-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael L Kaufman
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior and In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Oka M, Yoshino R, Kitanaka N, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Kitanaka J. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in dependence and abuse liability of alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad086. [PMID: 38145944 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a major abused drug worldwide that contributes substantially to health and social problems. These problems result from acute alcohol overuse as well as chronic use, leading to alcohol use disorder (AUD). A major goal of this field is to establish a treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence in patients with AUD. The central molecular mechanisms of acute alcohol actions have been extensively investigated in rodent models. AIMS One of the central mechanisms that may be involved is glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity, a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism but which has crucial roles in numerous cellular processes. Although the exact mechanisms leading from acute alcohol actions to these chronic changes in GSK-3β function are not yet clear, GSK-3β nonetheless constitutes a potential therapeutic target for AUD by reducing its function using GSK-3β inhibitors. This review is focused on the correlation between GSK-3β activity and the degree of alcohol consumption. METHODS Research articles regarding investigation of effect of GSK-3β on alcohol consumption in rodents were searched on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using keywords "glycogen synthase kinase," "alcohol (or ethanol)," "intake (or consumption)," and evaluated by changes in ratios of pGSK-3βSer9/pGSK-3β. RESULTS In animal experiments, GSK-3β activity decreases in the brain under forced and voluntary alcohol consumption while GSK-3β activity increases under alcohol-seeking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Several pieces of evidence suggest that alterations in GSK-3β function are important mediators of chronic ethanol actions, including those related to alcohol dependence and the adverse effects of chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Rui Yoshino
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Nobue Kitanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Frederic and Mary Wolfe Center HEB 282D, Mail Stop 1015, 3000 Arlington Avenue,Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - George R Uhl
- Neurology Service, VA Maryland Healthcare System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Junichi Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
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Hao K, Chen F, Zhao L, Xu S, Xiong Y, Xu R, Xie X, Huang H, Shu C, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G. Nicotinamide ameliorates mitochondria-related neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment via the NAD +/SIRT3 pathway. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37210391 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in mental health disorders including schizophrenia. Here we investigated whether nicotinamide (NAM) normalized cognitive impairment via a mechanism involving the mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) pathway. The 24 h maternal separation (MS) rat model was used to mimic schizophrenia-associate phenotypes. Schizophrenia-like behaviors and memory impairments were detected using the pre-pulse inhibition test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, and neuronal apoptosis was characterized using multiple assays. SIRT3 activity was inhibited pharmacologically or by knockdown in HT22 cells, and BV2 microglia and SIRT3-knockdown HT22 cells were co-cultured in vitro. Mitochondrial molecules were measured by western blotting, and mitochondrial damage was measured with reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Proinflammatory cytokines were assayed by ELISA and microglial activation was detected by immunofluorescence. MS animals showed behavioral and cognitive impairment and increased neuronal apoptosis. Supplementation with NAM or administration of honokiol, a SIRT3 activator, reversed all of the changes in behavioral and neuronal phenotypes. Administration of the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP in control and NAM-treated MS rats caused behavioral and neuronal phenotypes similar to MS. In vitro, inhibition of SIRT3 activity with 3-TYP or by knockdown in HT22 cells increased ROS accumulation and caused neuronal apoptosis in a single-culture system. In co-culture systems, SIRT3 knockdown in HT22 cells activated BV2 microglia and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The administration of NAM blocked these alterations. Taken together, these data suggest that NAM can rescue neuronal apoptosis and microglial over-activation through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling pathway, furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and providing avenues for novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Fashuai Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry Research, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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Anand SK, Ahmad MH, Sahu MR, Subba R, Mondal AC. Detrimental Effects of Alcohol-Induced Inflammation on Brain Health: From Neurogenesis to Neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01308-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Hao K, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xie X, Huang H, Chen C, Xu S, Xu R, Shu C, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Reynolds GP, Wang G. Nicotinamide reverses deficits in puberty-born neurons and cognitive function after maternal separation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:232. [PMID: 36131290 PMCID: PMC9494869 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the development of schizophrenia later in life. The hippocampus develops significantly during childhood and is extremely reactive to stress. In rodent models, ELS can induce neuroinflammation, hippocampal neuronal loss, and schizophrenia-like behavior. While nicotinamide (NAM) can inhibit microglial inflammation, it is unknown whether NAM treatment during adolescence reduces hippocampal neuronal loss and abnormal behaviors induced by ELS. Methods Twenty-four hours of maternal separation (MS) of Wistar rat pups on post-natal day (PND)9 was used as an ELS. On PND35, animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU to label dividing neurons and were given NAM from PND35 to PND65. Behavioral testing was performed. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/Sirtuin3 (Sirt3)/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) pathway-related proteins. Results Compared with controls, only MS animals in the adult stage (PND56–65) but not the adolescent stage (PND31–40) exhibited pre-pulse inhibition deficits and cognitive impairments mimicking schizophrenia symptoms. MS decreased the survival and activity of puberty-born neurons and hippocampal NAD+ and Sirt3 expression in adulthood. These observations were related to an increase in acetylated SOD2, microglial activation, and significant increases in pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. All the effects of MS at PND9 were reversed by administering NAM in adolescence (PND35–65). Conclusions MS may lead to schizophrenia-like phenotypes and persistent hippocampal abnormalities. NAM may be a safe and effective treatment in adolescence to restore normal hippocampal function and prevent or ameliorate schizophrenia-like behavior. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02591-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Zhongxiang Hospital of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongxiang, 431900, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry Research, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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11
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Shen Y, Zhu Z, Wang R, Yan L, Sun S, Lu L, Ren Z, Zhang Q. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 is associated with the pathological grade and inflammatory response in IgAN children. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:215. [PMID: 35725391 PMCID: PMC9210650 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokine (C–C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) is involved in important physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Abnormal immune and inflammatory responses play a critical role in the development and progression of IgA nephritis (IgAN). However, the role of CCR2 in IgAN is unknown. Methods Fifteen IgAN children who were diagnosed by kidney biopsy provided kidney biopsy tissue, blood and urine samples, and age-matched healthy control subjects (blood donators n = 12; tissue donators n = 8) were included. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of CCR2, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the kidney tissues. Relative optical density (OD) was calculated by Image J software, and the correlation between CCR2 expression and pathological grade in IgAN children was analyzed. Results The expression of CCR2 significantly increased in mesangial cells of children with IgAN compared to that in control group (P < 0.001), especially in IgAN patients with Lee’s grade III to IV (P < 0.001). Interestingly, CCR2 expression was positively correlated with Lee’s grade (r = 0.9152, P = 0.0001) in IgAN children. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were markedly increased in IgAN children, and importantly CCR2 expression was positively correlated with it’s expression level. Conclusions The results suggest that CCR2 signaling might be involved in pathological process and inflammatory responses of children IgAN, and could potentially be an intervention target in children IgAN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02839-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 19Th Floor of Medicine and Medical Tech Building, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuaichen Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 19Th Floor of Medicine and Medical Tech Building, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 19Th Floor of Medicine and Medical Tech Building, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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12
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Useinovic N, Maksimovic S, Near M, Quillinan N, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Do We Have Viable Protective Strategies against Anesthesia-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031128. [PMID: 35163060 PMCID: PMC8834847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its invention, general anesthesia has been an indispensable component of modern surgery. While traditionally considered safe and beneficial in many pathological settings, hundreds of preclinical studies in various animal species have raised concerns about the detrimental and long-lasting consequences that general anesthetics may cause to the developing brain. Clinical evidence of anesthetic neurotoxicity in humans continues to mount as we continue to contemplate how to move forward. Notwithstanding the alarming evidence, millions of children are being anesthetized each year, setting the stage for substantial healthcare burdens in the future. Hence, furthering our knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity is crucially important and should enable us to develop protective strategies so that currently available general anesthetics could be safely used during critical stages of brain development. In this mini-review, we provide a summary of select strategies with primary focus on the mechanisms of neuroprotection and potential for clinical applicability. First, we summarize a diverse group of chemicals with the emphasis on intracellular targets and signal-transduction pathways. We then discuss epigenetic and transgenerational effects of general anesthetics and potential remedies, and also anesthesia-sparing or anesthesia-delaying approaches. Finally, we present evidence of a novel class of anesthetics with a distinct mechanism of action and a promising safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Useinovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.); (M.N.); (N.Q.); (V.J.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Maksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.); (M.N.); (N.Q.); (V.J.-T.)
| | - Michelle Near
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.); (M.N.); (N.Q.); (V.J.-T.)
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.); (M.N.); (N.Q.); (V.J.-T.)
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.); (M.N.); (N.Q.); (V.J.-T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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13
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He J, Mao J, Hou L, Jin S, Wang X, Ding Z, Jin Z, Guo H, Dai R. Minocycline attenuates neuronal apoptosis and improves motor function after traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Anim 2021; 70:563-569. [PMID: 34349080 PMCID: PMC8614018 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Minocycline is a type of tetracycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that has been demonstrated to protect the brain against a series of central nervous system
diseases. However, the precise mechanisms of these neuroprotective actions remain unknown. In the present study, we found that minocycline treatment significantly reduced HT22 cell apoptosis
in a mechanical cell injury model. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining confirmed the neuroprotective effects of minocycline in
vivo through the inhibition of apoptosis in a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) brain injury. The western blotting analysis revealed that minocycline treatment
significantly downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and cleaved caspase-3 and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Furthermore, the beam-walking test showed that the
administration of minocycline ameliorated traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced deficits in motor function. Taken together, these findings suggested that minocycline attenuated neuronal
apoptosis and improved motor function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong He
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | | | - Lei Hou
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Shimin Jin
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Zhaoqi Ding
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Zhene Jin
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Hua Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Rongxiao Dai
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences
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Tournier N, Pottier G, Caillé F, Coulon C, Goislard M, Jégo B, Negroni J, Leroy C, Saba W. Nalmefene alleviates the neuroimmune response to repeated binge-like ethanol exposure: A TSPO PET imaging study in adolescent rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12962. [PMID: 32896074 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A large body of preclinical research has shown that neuroimmunity plays a key role in the deleterious effects of alcohol (ethanol) to the brain. Translational imaging techniques are needed to monitor the efficacy of strategies to prevent or mitigate neuroinflammation and alleviate ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. Opioid receptor antagonists such as nalmefene are antagonists of the toll-like receptor 4, which may block the proinflammatory signaling cascade induced by ethanol at this specific target. Male adolescent rats received a validated protocol of ethanol injection (i.p, 3 g/kg daily for two consecutive days followed by two resting days) during 14 days. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) radioligand [18 F]DPA-714 was performed at day-15. Toxicity induced by repeated binge-like ethanol exposure (71% mortality) was drastically reduced by nalmefene pretreatment (0.4 mg/kg, 14% mortality). No mortality was observed in animals that received vehicle (control) or nalmefene alone. Compared with control animals (n = 10), a significant 2.8-fold to 4.6-fold increase in the volume of distribution (VT ) of [18 F]DPA-714 was observed among brain regions in animals exposed to ethanol only (n = 9). Pretreatment with nalmefene significantly alleviated the neuroimmune response to ethanol exposure in all brain regions (1.2-fold to 2.5-fold increase in VT ; n = 5). Nalmefene alone (n = 6) did not impact [18 F]DPA-714 VT compared with the control group. Nalmefene may protect against the neuroinflammatory response and overall toxicity associated with binge drinking. [18 F]DPA-714 PET imaging can be used to noninvasively address the neuroimmune impact of ethanol exposure and its modulation by pharmacological strategies in vivo, with translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Géraldine Pottier
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Christine Coulon
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Maud Goislard
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Benoit Jégo
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Julia Negroni
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Claire Leroy
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
| | - Wadad Saba
- BioMaps Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm Orsay France
- Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay France
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Nasef NA, Keshk WA, El-Meligy SM, Allah AAA, Ibrahim WM. Modulatory effect of simvastatin on redox status, caspase-3 expression, p-protein kinase B (p-Akt), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an ethanol-induced neurodegeneration model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:478-489. [PMID: 33002367 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein aggregation representing the main underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to cell death. Ethanol has shown strong neurodegenerative consequences in experimental animal brains. Statins are a class of lipid-lowering drugs with many pleotropic effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the modulatory effect of simvastatin (10 mg·kg-1·day-1) before and after the development of neurodegeneration (for 55 and 25 days, respectively) on redox state, caspase-3 expression, p-protein kinase B (p-Akt), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in ethanol-induced (15% ethanol solution for 55 days) neurodegeneration. Seventy female Albino Swiss mice were included and randomly divided into five groups: C, control group; E, ethanol group; ES, group treated with simvastatin from the first day of ethanol intake; E + S, group treated with simvastatin after neurodegeneration development; and S, simvastatin group. Administration of simvastatin from the first day improved the biochemical changes, suppressed apoptosis, and induced autophagy and neurogenesis; however, its administration after the development of neurodegeneration resulted in partial improvement. The histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical changes. In conclusion, simvastatin has a neuroprotective effect against the development of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A Nasef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Salwa M El-Meligy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abd Allah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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16
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Zhang K, Wu L, Lin K, Zhang M, Li W, Tong X, Zheng J. Integrin-dependent microgliosis mediates ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis during postnatal rat retinal development. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113659. [PMID: 33640375 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a pivotal role for microglia in developing retina. We tested whether integrin-dependent microgliosis mediates ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat retina. METHODS We performed immunofluorescence assays to investigate the role of integrin receptors expressed in the microglia in ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to investigate the protein and mRNA levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and/or chemokines (CCL2, CXCL6, CXCL10, and CXCL12). Experiments were performed using whole-mount retinas dissected from P7 Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS Integrin receptors expressed in microglia were upregulated in ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis in the early developing rat retina. Downregulating integrin receptors with RGD peptide ameliorated ketamine-induced microgliosis through: 1) ameliorating the change in microglia morphology from immature ramified microglia to an amoeboid state; 2) decreasing the number of microglia and intensity of activated microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL); and 3) decreasing cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokine (CCL2, CXCL10) levels in the retinal tissue. Inhibition of activated microglia with minocycline or the blockade of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) with a receptor antagonist (RA) attenuated neuronal apoptosis after exposure to ketamine. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of integrin β1 receptors in the microglia acts as a signaling molecule, triggering microgliosis to aggravate ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis via the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in the early developing rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kana Lin
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mazhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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17
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Du W, Chen X, Shi M, Bian F, Zhao Z. Ethanol affects behavior and HPA axis activity during development in zebrafish larvae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21402. [PMID: 33293624 PMCID: PMC7722840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that long-term alcohol intake from food can lead to numerous mental disorders in humans, and the social and health effects of excessive intake of alcohol currently represent serious problems for governments and families worldwide. However, to date, it has not been determined how alcohol affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The zebrafish offers a good model for studying the toxicology of food-grade ethanol. In the present study, using zebrafish larvae exposed to 1% ethanol, we performed zebrafish behavioral analysis. Samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments, and statistical analysis was performed. We found that ethanol decreased the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, which showed a more intense reaction to external stimuli. Ethanol also increased the level of HPA axis hormones in zebrafish larvae, influenced the level of neurotransmitters, and altered the expression of key genes in neurotransmitter metabolism. Ethanol exposure affects zebrafish behavior, increases the level of HPA axis hormones in zebrafish larvae, affects the level of neurotransmitters, and affects the expression of key genes in dopamine and serotonin metabolism. These findings may help to elucidate the effects of ethanol on HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Du
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Laishan District Spring Road No. 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- The Fruit Trees Work Station of Penglai, Penglai Dengzhou Road, No. 67, Yantai, 265600, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Laishan District Spring Road No. 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Bian
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Laishan District Spring Road No. 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Laishan District Spring Road No. 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Kane CJM, Drew PD. Neuroinflammatory contribution of microglia and astrocytes in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1973-1985. [PMID: 32959429 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure to the fetus during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These disorders vary in severity, can affect multiple organ systems, and can lead to lifelong disabilities. Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is common in FASD, and can result in altered behavior and cognition. The incidence of FASD is alarmingly high, resulting in significant personal and societal costs. There are no cures for FASD. Alcohol can directly alter the function of neurons in the developing CNS. In addition, ethanol can alter the function of CNS glial cells including microglia and astrocytes which normally maintain homeostasis in the CNS. These glial cells can function as resident immune cells in the CNS to protect against pathogens and other insults. However, activation of glia can also damage CNS cells and lead to aberrant CNS function. Ethanol exposure to the developing brain can result in the activation of glia and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to the pathology associated with FASD. This suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may be effective in the treatment of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J M Kane
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Paul D Drew
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Treatment algorithm for the use of psychopharmacological agents in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol and/or with diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e1-e13. [PMID: 32757546 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i3.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic medication treatment of individuals who have experienced prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has lagged behind psychosocial interventions. Multiple psychotropic medications are often prescribed for those diagnosed with a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities and impairments of PAE (neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and/or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder [ND-PAE/FASD]). Despite the diverse comorbid mental disorders, there are no specific guidelines for psychotropic medications for individuals with ND-PAE/FASD. When prescribed, concerned family members and caregivers of individuals with ND-PAE/FASD reported that polypharmacy, which was typical and adverse effects render the psychotropic medications ineffective. The objective of this work was to generate a treatment algorithm for the use of psychopharmacological agents specifically for individuals with ND-PAE/FASD. The development of decision tree for use to prescribe psychotropic medications incorporated findings from previous research and the collective clinical experience of a multidisciplinary and international panel of experts who work with individuals with ND-PAE/FASD, including an algorithm specialist. After multiple meetings and discussions, the experts reached consensus on how best to streamline prescribing along neurodevelopmental clusters. These were subdivided into four ligand-specific, receptor-acting medication targets (hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, hyperactive/neurocognitive, and cognitive inflexibility). Each cluster is represented by a list of common symptoms. The experts recommended that prescribers first ensure adequate psychosocial and environmental, including sufficient dietary, exercise, and sleep support before prescribing psychotropic medications. Treatment then progresses through three steps of psychotropic medications for each cluster. To support established treatment goals, the most function impairing clusters are targeted first.
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Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02167-19. [PMID: 31871085 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02167-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antibiotics carry caution stickers that warn against alcohol consumption. Data regarding concurrent use are sparse. An awareness of data that address this common clinical scenario is important so health care professionals can make informed clinical decisions and address questions in an evidence-based manner. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the evidence behind alcohol warnings issued for many common antimicrobials. The search was conducted from inception of each database to 2018 using PubMed, Medline via Ovid, and Embase. It included studies that involved interactions, effects on efficacy, and toxicity/adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to concomitant alcohol consumption and antimicrobials. All interactions were considered in terms of three components: (i) alteration in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of antimicrobials and/or alcohol, (ii) change in antimicrobial efficacy, and (iii) development of toxicity/ADR. Available data support that oral penicillins, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, secnidazole, tinidazole, and fluconazole can be safely used with concomitant alcohol consumption. Data are equivocal for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Erythromycin may have reduced efficacy with alcohol consumption, and doxycycline may have reduced efficacy in chronic alcoholism. Alcohol low in tyramine may be consumed with oxazolidinones. The disulfiram-like reaction, though classically associated with metronidazole, occurs with uncertain frequency and with varied severity. Cephalosporins with a methylthiotetrazole (MTT) side chain or a methylthiodioxotriazine (MTDT) ring, ketoconazole, and griseofulvin have an increased risk of a disulfiram-like reaction. Alcohol and antimicrobial interactions are often lacking evidence. This review questions common beliefs due to poor, often conflicting data and identifies important knowledge gaps.
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Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Mangano K, Fagone P, Di Marco R, Falzone L, Basile MS, Nicoletti F, Cavalli E. Transcriptomic analysis reveals moderate modulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor superfamily genes in alcohol use disorders. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1755-1762. [PMID: 32104230 PMCID: PMC7026954 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a primary, chronic and relapsing disease of brain reward, motivation and memory, which is associated with several comorbidities, including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. It has been revealed that Ibudilast (IBUD), a dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 and −10 and of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), exerts beneficial effects on AUD in rodent models and human patients. Therefore, IBUD has attracted increasing interest, with research focusing on the elucidation of the pathogenic role of MIF and its homologue, D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), in the pathogenesis and maintenance of AUD. By using DNA microarray analysis, the current study performed a transcriptomic expression analysis of MIF, DDT and their co-receptors, including CD74, C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)2, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in patients with AUD. The results revealed that the transcriptomic levels of MIF, DDT and their receptors were superimposable in the prefrontal cortex of rodents and patients with AUD and human patients. Furthermore, peripheral blood cells from heavy drinkers exhibited a moderate increase in MIF and DDT levels, both at the baseline and following exposure to alcohol-associated cues, based on individual situations that included alcohol-related stimuli resulting in subsequent alcohol use (buying alcohol and being at a bar, watching others drink alcohol). Considering the overlapping effects of MIF and DDT, the inverse Fisher's χ2 test was performed on unadjusted P-values to evaluate the combined effect of MIF and DDT. The results revealed a significant increase in these cytokines in heavy drinkers compared with controls (moderate drinkers). To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrated for the first time that MIF and DDT expression was upregulated in the blood of patients with AUD. These results therefore warrant further study to evaluate the role of MIF and DDT in the development and maintenance of AUD, to evaluate their use as biomarkers to predict the psychotherapeutic and pharmacological response of patients with AUD and for use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino-Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino-Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'Vincenzo Tiberio', University of Molise, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino-Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy
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Saito M, Saito M, Das BC. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 77:48-59. [PMID: 30707928 PMCID: PMC6663660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation followed by neuroinflammation is a defense mechanism of the brain to eliminate harmful endogenous and exogenous materials including pathogens and damaged tissues, while excessive or chronic neuroinflammation may cause or exacerbate neurodegeneration observed in brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on conditions/environments during activation, microglia acquire distinct phenotypes, such as pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and disease-associated phenotypes, and show their ability to phagocytose various objects and produce pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators. Prevention of excessive inflammation by regulating the microglia's pro/anti-inflammatory balance is important for alleviating progression of brain injuries and diseases. Among many factors involved in the regulation of microglial phenotypes, cellular energy status plays an important role. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which serves as a master sensor and regulator of energy balance, is considered a candidate molecule. Accumulating evidence from adult rodent studies indicates that AMPK activation promotes anti-inflammatory responses in microglia exposed to danger signals or various stressors mainly through inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, AMPK activation in neurons exposed to stressors/insults may exacerbate neuronal damage if AMPK activation is excessive or prolonged. While AMPK affects microglial activation states and neuronal cell survival rates in both the adult and the developing brain, studies in the developing brain are still scarce, even though activated AMPK is highly expressed especially in the neonatal brain. More in depth studies in the developing brain are important, because neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration occurred during development can result in long-lasting brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mitsuo Saito
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Bhaskar C. Das
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg 19-201, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Ren Z, Wang X, Xu M, Frank JA, Luo J. Minocycline attenuates ethanol-induced cell death and microglial activation in the developing spinal cord. Alcohol 2019; 79:25-35. [PMID: 30529756 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol may cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), and the immature central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to ethanol. In addition to vulnerability in the developing brain, we previously showed that ethanol also caused neuroapoptosis, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Minocycline is an antibiotic that inhibits microglial activation and alleviates neuroinflammation. We sought to determine whether minocycline could protect spinal cord neurons against ethanol-induced damage. In this study, we showed that minocycline significantly inhibited ethanol-induced caspase-3 activation, microglial activation, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the developing spinal cord. Moreover, minocycline blocked ethanol-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), a key regulator of microglial activation. Meanwhile, minocycline significantly restored ethanol-induced inhibition of protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR), and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which were important pro-survival signaling pathways for neurons. Together, minocycline may attenuate ethanol-induced damage to the developing spinal cord by inhibiting microglial activation/neuroinflammation and by restoring the pro-survival signaling.
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Zhang K, Luo J. Role of MCP-1 and CCR2 in alcohol neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:360-366. [PMID: 30472461 PMCID: PMC6360095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes profound damage to both the developing brain and the adult brain. Prenatal exposure to alcohol results in a wide range of deficits known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Alcohol abuse in adults is associated with brain shrinkage, memory and attention deficits, communication disorders and physical disabilities. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate the recruitment and activation of monocytes and microglia. Both MCP-1 and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) expressed in the brain are involved in various neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of MCP-1/CCR2 in alcohol-induced brain damage is unclear. Recent evidence indicates that alcohol exposure increased the activity of MCP-1/CCR2 in both mature and developing central nervous systems (CNS). MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in the brain was involved in alcohol drinking behavior. MCP-1/CCR2 inhibition alleviated alcohol neurotoxicity by reducing microglia activation/neuroinflammation in the developing brain and spinal cord. In this review, we discussed the role of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage. We also discussed the signaling cascades that are involved in the activation of MCP-1/CCR2 in response to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington VA Health Care System, Research & Development, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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Li H, Wen W, Xu H, Wu H, Xu M, Frank JA, Luo J. 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Damage in the Developing Mouse Brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:69-78. [PMID: 30403409 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) exposure during pregnancy may result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). One of the most deleterious consequences of EtOH exposure is neuronal loss in the developing brain. Previously, we showed that EtOH exposure induced neuroapoptosis in the brain of postnatal day 4 (PD4) mice but not PD12 mice. This differential susceptibility may result from an insufficient cellular stress response system such as unfolded protein response (also known as endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress) in PD4 mice. In this study, we compared the effect of EtOH on ER stress in PD4 and PD12 mice and determined whether the inhibition of ER stress could protect the developing brain against EtOH damage. METHODS We used a third-trimester equivalent mouse model of FASD. PD4 and PD12 C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with saline (control), EtOH, EtOH plus 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone known as ER stress inhibitor, and 4-PBA alone. The expression of apoptosis marker, ER stress markers, and markers for glial cell activation was examined in the cerebral cortex. RESULTS EtOH induced neuroapoptosis and increased the expression of ER stress markers, such as activating transcription factor 6, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, and caspase-12 in PD4 but not PD12 mice. EtOH exposure also activated microglia and astrocytes. Interestingly, treatment with 4-PBA attenuated EtOH-induced neuroapoptosis. Moreover, 4-PBA inhibited the expression of the aforementioned ER stress markers and EtOH-induced glial activation in PD4 mice. CONCLUSIONS ER stress plays an important role in EtOH-induced damage to the developing brain. Inhibition of ER stress is neuroprotective and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,Lexington VA Health Care System, Research & Development, Lexington, Kentucky
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26
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Impact of neuroimmune activation induced by alcohol or drug abuse on adolescent brain development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 77:89-98. [PMID: 30468786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence obtained in recent decades has demonstrated that the brain still matures in adolescence. Changes in neural connectivity occur in different regions, including cortical and subcortical structures, which undergo modifications in white and gray matter densities. These alterations concomitantly occur in some neurotransmitter systems and hormone secretion, which markedly influence the refinement of certain brain areas and neural circuits. The immaturity of the adolescent brain makes it more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and drug abuse, whose use can trigger long-term behavioral dysfunction. This article reviews the action of alcohol and drug abuse (cannabis, cocaine, opioids, amphetamines, anabolic androgenic steroids) in the adolescent brain, and their impact on both cognition and behavioral dysfunction, including predisposition to drug abuse in later life. It also discusses recent evidence that indicates the role of the neuroimmune system response and neuroinflammation as mechanisms that participate in many actions of ethanol and drug abuse in adolescence, including the neurotoxicity and alterations in neurocircuitry that contribute to the dysfunctional behaviors associated with addiction. The new data suggest the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory targets to prevent the long-term consequences of drug abuse in adolescence.
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27
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Linker KE, Cross SJ, Leslie FM. Glial mechanisms underlying substance use disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2574-2589. [PMID: 30240518 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a devastating disorder that produces persistent maladaptive changes to the central nervous system, including glial cells. Although there is an extensive body of literature examining the neuronal mechanisms of substance use disorders, effective therapies remain elusive. Glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, have an emerging and meaningful role in a variety of processes beyond inflammation and immune surveillance, and may represent a promising therapeutic target. Indeed, glia actively modulate neurotransmission, synaptic connectivity and neural circuit function, and are critically poised to contribute to addictive-like brain states and behaviors. In this review, we argue that glia influence the cellular, molecular, and synaptic changes that occur in neurons following drug exposure, and that this cellular relationship is critically modified following drug exposure. We discuss direct actions of abused drugs on glial function through immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 4, as well as other mechanisms. We highlight how drugs of abuse affect glia-neural communication, and the profound effects that glial-derived factors have on neuronal excitability, structure, and function. Recent research demonstrates that glia have brain region-specific functions, and glia in different brain regions have distinct contributions to drug-associated behaviors. We will also evaluate the evidence demonstrating that glial activation is essential for drug reward and drug-induced dopamine release, and highlight clinical evidence showing that glial mechanisms contribute to drug abuse liability. In this review, we synthesize the extensive evidence that glia have a unique, pivotal, and underappreciated role in the development and maintenance of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Linker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S J Cross
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F M Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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28
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Zhang K, Wang H, Xu M, Frank JA, Luo J. Role of MCP-1 and CCR2 in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the developing brain. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:197. [PMID: 29976212 PMCID: PMC6034273 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and microglial activation have been implicated in both alcohol use disorders (AUD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) are critical mediators of neuroinflammation and microglial activation. FASD is the leading cause of mental retardation, and one of the most devastating outcomes of FASD is the loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. We hypothesize that MCP-1/CCR2 signaling mediates ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and microglial activation, which exacerbates neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Methods C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient of MCP-1 (MCP-1−/−) and CCR2 (CCR2−/−) were exposed to ethanol on postnatal day 4 (PD4). Neuroinflammation, and microglial activation, and neurodegeneration in the brain were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. A neuronal and microglial co-culture system was used to evaluate the role of microglia and MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Specific inhibitors were employed to delineate the involved signaling pathways. Results Ethanol-induced microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and a drastic increase in the mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1. Treatment of Bindarit (MCP-1 synthesis inhibitor) and RS504393 (CCR2 antagonist) significantly reduced ethanol-induced microglia activation/neuroinflammation, and neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. MCP-1−/− and CCR2−/− mice were more resistant to ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis. Moreover, ethanol plus MCP-1 caused more neuronal death in a neuron/microglia co-culture system than neuronal culture alone, and Bindarit and RS504393 attenuated ethanol-induced neuronal death in the co-culture system. Ethanol activated TLR4 and GSK3β, two key mediators of microglial activation in the brain and cultured microglial cells (SIM-A9). Blocking MCP-1/CCR2 signaling attenuated ethanol-induced activation of TLR4 and GSK3β. Conclusion MCP-1/CCR2 signaling played an important role in ethanol-induced microglial activation/neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the developing brain. The effects may be mediated by the interaction among MCP-1/CCR2 signaling, TLR4, and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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