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Liu H, Pan Z, Lin X, Chen L, Yang Q, Zhang W, Dai L, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen Y, Peng K, Wanggou S, Zeng F, Li X. A potassium-chloride co-transporter with altered genome architecture functions as a suppressor in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18352. [PMID: 38685685 PMCID: PMC11058328 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most lethal tumours in brain, have a poor prognosis despite accepting standard treatment. Limited benefits from current therapies can be attributed to genetic, epigenetic and microenvironmental cues that affect cell programming and drive tumour heterogeneity. Through the analysis of Hi-C data, we identified a potassium-chloride co-transporter SLC12A5 associated with disrupted topologically associating domain which was downregulated in tumour tissues. Multiple independent glioma cohorts were included to analyse the characterization of SLC12A5 and found it was significantly associated with pathological features, prognostic value, genomic alterations, transcriptional landscape and drug response. We constructed two SLC12A5 overexpression cell lines to verify the function of SLC12A5 that suppressed tumour cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, SLC12A5 was also positively associated with GABAA receptor activity and negatively associated with pro-tumour immune signatures and immunotherapy response. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of SLC12A5 in glioma and supports SLC12A5 as a potential suppressor of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhouyang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuelei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Luohuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kang Peng
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Feiyue Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Soma C, Hitomi S, Oshima E, Hayashi Y, Soma K, Shibuta I, Tsuboi Y, Shirakawa T, Kikuiri T, Iwata K, Shinoda M. Involvement of oxidative stress in orofacial mechanical pain hypersensitivity following neonatal maternal separation in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22760. [PMID: 38123836 PMCID: PMC10733350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with persistent pain have sometimes history of physical abuse or neglect during infancy. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying orofacial pain hypersensitivity associated with early-life stress remain unclear. The present study focused on oxidative stress and investigated its role in pain hypersensitivity in adulthood following early-life stress. To establish an early-life stress model, neonatal pups were separated with their mother in isolated cages for 2 weeks. The mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) in the whisker pad skin of rats received maternal separation (MS) was lower than that of non-MS rats at postnatal week 7. In MS rats, the expression of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidative damage, was enhanced, and plasma antioxidant capacity, but not mitochondrial complex I activity, decreased compared with that in non-MS rats. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inactivation and ROS-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonism in the whisker pad skin at week 7 suppressed the decrease of MHWT. Corticosterone levels on day 14 increased in MS rats. Corticosterone receptor antagonism during MS periods suppressed the reduction in antioxidant capacity and MHWT. The findings suggest that early-life stress potentially induces orofacial mechanical pain hypersensitivity via peripheral nociceptor TRPA1 hyperactivation induced by oxidative stress in the orofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Soma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Eri Oshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kumi Soma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsuboi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuiri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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Talifu Z, Pan Y, Gong H, Xu X, Zhang C, Yang D, Gao F, Yu Y, Du L, Li J. The role of KCC2 and NKCC1 in spinal cord injury: From physiology to pathology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1045520. [PMID: 36589461 PMCID: PMC9799334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1045520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell is an essential homeostatic mechanism in neurons and serves as the basis for a variety of physiological activities. In the central nervous system, NKCC1 and KCC2, members of the SLC12 cation-chloride co-transporter (CCC) family, participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes by regulating intracellular and extracellular chloride ion concentrations, which can further regulate the GABAergic system. Over recent years, studies have shown that NKCC1 and KCC2 are essential for the maintenance of Cl- homeostasis in neural cells. NKCC1 transports Cl- into cells while KCC2 transports Cl- out of cells, thereby regulating chloride balance and neuronal excitability. An imbalance of NKCC1 and KCC2 after spinal cord injury will disrupt CI- homeostasis, resulting in the transformation of GABA neurons from an inhibitory state into an excitatory state, which subsequently alters the spinal cord neural network and leads to conditions such as spasticity and neuropathic pain, among others. Meanwhile, studies have shown that KCC2 is also an essential target for motor function reconstruction after spinal cord injury. This review mainly introduces the physiological structure and function of NKCC1 and KCC2 and discusses their pathophysiological roles after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China,School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunzhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China,School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Liangjie Du, ; Jianjun Li,
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China,School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Liangjie Du, ; Jianjun Li,
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Köksal Ersöz E, Lazazzera R, Yochum M, Merlet I, Makhalova J, Mercadal B, Sanchez-Todo R, Ruffini G, Bartolomei F, Benquet P, Wendling F. Signal processing and computational modeling for interpretation of SEEG-recorded interictal epileptiform discharges in epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic zones. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36067727 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8fb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In partial epilepsies, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are paroxysmal events observed in epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic zones. IEDs' generation and recurrence are subject to different hypotheses: they appear through glutamatergic and GABAergic processes; they may trigger seizures or prevent seizure propagation. This paper focuses on a specific class of IEDs, spike-waves (SWs), characterized by a short-duration spike followed by a longer duration wave, both of the same polarity. Signal analysis and neurophysiological mathematical models are used to interpret puzzling IED generation. APPROACH Interictal activity was recorded by intracranial stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes in five different patients. SEEG experts identified the epileptic and non-epileptic zones in which IEDs were detected. After quantifying spatial and temporal features of the detected IEDs, the most significant features for classifying epileptic and non-epileptic zones were determined. A neurophysiologically-plausible mathematical model was then introduced to simulate the IEDs and understand the underlying differences observed in epileptic and non-epileptic zone IEDs. MAIN RESULTS Two classes of SWs were identified according to subtle differences in morphology and timing of the spike and wave component. Results showed that type-1 SWs were generated in epileptogenic regions also involved at seizure onset, while type-2 SWs were produced in the propagation or non-involved areas. The modeling study indicated that synaptic kinetics, cortical organization, and network interactions determined the morphology of the simulated SEEG signals. Modeling results suggested that the IED morphologies were linked to the degree of preserved inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE This work contributes to the understanding of different mechanisms generating IEDs in epileptic networks. The combination of signal analysis and computational models provides an efficient framework for exploring IEDs in partial epilepsies and classifying epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Köksal Ersöz
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042 , FRANCE
| | - Remo Lazazzera
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042 , FRANCE
| | - Maxime Yochum
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042 , FRANCE
| | - Isabelle Merlet
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042 , FRANCE
| | - Julia Makhalova
- Neurophysiologie clinique, Service d'Epileptologie et de Rythmologie Cerebrale, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azu, 13354, FRANCE
| | - Borja Mercadal
- Neuroelectrics Barcelona SL, Av. Tibidabo, 47b, Barcelona, 08035, SPAIN
| | - Roser Sanchez-Todo
- Neuroelectrics Barcelona SL, Avda Tibidabo, 47 bis, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08035, SPAIN
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Barcelona SL, Av. Tibidabo, 47b, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08035, SPAIN
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Neurophysiologie clinique, Service d'Epileptologie et de Rythmologie Cerebrale, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azu, 13354, FRANCE
| | - Pascal Benquet
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042 , FRANCE
| | - Fabrice Wendling
- INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, Rennes, Bretagne, 35042, FRANCE
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5
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Liedtke W. Long March Toward Safe and Effective Analgesia by Enhancing Gene Expression of Kcc2: First Steps Taken. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:865600. [PMID: 35645734 PMCID: PMC9137411 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.865600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intraneuronal chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn pain relay neurons is critical for physiologic transmission of primary pain afferents because low intraneuronal chloride dictates whether GABA-ergic and glycin-ergic neurotransmission is inhibitory. If the neuronal chloride elevates to pathologic levels, then spinal cord primary pain relay becomes leaky and exhibits the behavioral hallmarks of pathologic pain, namely hypersensitivity and allodynia. Low chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons is maintained by proper gene expression of Kcc2 and sustained physiologic function of the KCC2 chloride extruding electroneutral transporter. Peripheral nerve injury and other forms of neural injury evoke greatly diminished Kcc2 gene expression and subsequent corruption of inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn, thus causing derailment of the gate function for pain. Here I review key discoveries that have helped us understand these fundamentals, and focus on recent insights relating to the discovery of Kcc2 gene expression enhancing compounds via compound screens in neurons. One such study characterized the kinase inhibitor, kenpaullone, more in-depth, revealing its function as a robust and long-lasting analgesic in preclinical models of nerve injury and cancer bone pain, also elucidating its mechanism of action via GSK3β inhibition, diminishing delta-catenin phosphorylation, and facilitating its nuclear transfer and subsequent enhancement of Kcc2 gene expression by de-repressing Kaiso epigenetic transcriptional regulator. Future directions re Kcc2 gene expression enhancement are discussed, namely combination with other analgesics and analgesic methods, such as spinal cord stimulation and electroacupuncture, gene therapy, and leveraging Kcc2 gene expression-enhancing nanomaterials.
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Al Awabdh S, Donneger F, Goutierre M, Séveno M, Vigy O, Weinzettl P, Russeau M, Moutkine I, Lévi S, Marin P, Poncer JC. Gephyrin Interacts with the K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2 to Regulate Its Surface Expression and Function in Cortical Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:166-182. [PMID: 34810232 PMCID: PMC8802937 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2926-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2, encoded by the Slc12a5 gene, is a neuron-specific chloride extruder that tunes the strength and polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission. In addition to its canonical ion transport function, KCC2 also regulates spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic function through interaction with a variety of molecular partners. KCC2 is enriched in the vicinity of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, the activity of which in turn regulates its membrane stability and function. KCC2 interaction with the submembrane actin cytoskeleton via 4.1N is known to control its anchoring near glutamatergic synapses on dendritic spines. However, the molecular determinants of KCC2 clustering near GABAergic synapses remain unknown. Here, we used proteomics to identify novel KCC2 interacting proteins in the adult rat neocortex. We identified both known and novel candidate KCC2 partners, including some involved in neuronal development and synaptic transmission. These include gephyrin, the main scaffolding molecule at GABAergic synapses. Gephyrin interaction with endogenous KCC2 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from rat neocortical extracts. We showed that gephyrin stabilizes plasmalemmal KCC2 and promotes its clustering in hippocampal neurons, mostly but not exclusively near GABAergic synapses, thereby controlling KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion. This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and therefore relies on transmembrane chloride gradients. In neurons, these gradients are primarily maintained by the K/Cl cotransporter KCC2. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling KCC2 expression and function is crucial to understand its physiological regulation and rescue its function in the pathology. KCC2 function depends on its membrane expression and clustering, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We describe the interaction between KCC2 and gephyrin, the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory synapses. We show that gephyrin controls plasmalemmal KCC2 clustering and that loss of gephyrin compromises KCC2 function. Our data suggest functional units comprising GABAARs, gephyrin, and KCC2 act to regulate synaptic GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Al Awabdh
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Donneger
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martial Séveno
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Oana Vigy
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Weinzettl
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Marion Russeau
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Lévi
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Christophe Poncer
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
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Asraf H, Bogdanovic M, Gottesman N, Sekler I, Aizenman E, Hershfinkel M. SNAP23 regulates KCC2 membrane insertion and activity following mZnR/GPR39 activation in hippocampal neurons. iScience 2022; 25:103751. [PMID: 35118363 PMCID: PMC8800107 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the neuronal K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) activity, which mediates Cl− export, is critical to neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that KCC2 interacts with the SNARE protein synaptosome-associated protein 23, SNAP23, an essential component of membrane insertion machinery. Using KCC2 truncated mutants, we show that KCC2 C-terminal domain is essential for membrane targeting and SNAP23-dependent upregulation of KCC2 activity triggered by activation of the Zn2+-sensitive receptor mZnR/GPR39 in HEK293 cells. Expression of SNAP23 phosphorylation-insensitive mutants or inhibition of its upstream activator IκB kinase (IKK) prevents mZnR/GPR39 upregulation of KCC2 activity in mouse hippocampal neurons. We further find that SNAP23 interacts with Syntaxin 1A and KCC2, and that all three proteins exhibit increased membrane insertion following mZnR/GPR39 activation in neurons. Our results elucidate a G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent pathway for regulation of KCC activity, mediated via interaction with SNARE proteins. Neuronal K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is regulated via interaction with SNAP23 Zn2+ enhances interaction and membrane insertion of SNAP23, Syntaxin 1A, and KCC2 Zn2+-dependent mZnR/GPR39 regulation of KCC2 requires SNAP23 phosphorylation Epithelial KCC3 regulation by ZnR/GPR39 also requires SNAP23
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Dimitrijevic S, Jekic B, Cvjeticanin S, Tucovic A, Filipovic T, Novaković I, Ivić B, Nikolic D. KCC2 rs2297201 Gene Polymorphism Might be a Predictive Genetic Marker of Febrile Seizures. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221093257. [PMID: 35414199 PMCID: PMC9016559 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurological
disease in childhood. The etiology of FS is the subject of numerous studies
including studies regarding genetic predisposition. Aim: The aim of
the study was to analyze the association of TRPV1 rs222747 and
KCC2 rs2297201 gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of
FS. Materials and Methods: The study included 112 patients
diagnosed with FS classified as simple febrile seizures (SFS) or complex febrile
seizures (CFS). We analyzed selected polymorphisms of KCC2 and
TRPV1 genes using the Real-time PCR method.
Results: The CT and TT genotypes of the rs2297201 polymorphism
of the KCC2 gene are significantly more common in the group of
children with FS than the control group (p = .002) as well as
the allele T of this polymorphism (p = .045). Additionally,
genotypes CT and TT of the rs2297201 polymorphism of the KCC2
gene were more frequent in the group of children with CFS compared to the
control group (p < .001). Different genotypes and alleles of
the rs222747 TRPV1 gene polymorphism were not associated with
the occurrence of febrile seizures or epilepsy, nor were associated with the
occurrence of a particular type of febrile seizure (p = .252).
Conclusion: These results indicate that the CT and TT
genotypes, as well as the T allele of rs2297201 polymorphism of the
KCC2 gene, could be a predisposing factor for the FS, as
well as the occurrence of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Dimitrijevic
- Special Hospital for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Jekic
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Cvjeticanin
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tamara Filipovic
- Institute for Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Ivić
- University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics “Narodni front”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitrije Nikolic
- University Children’s Hospital Tiršova, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Ponomareva D, Petukhova E, Bregestovski P. Simultaneous Monitoring of pH and Chloride (Cl -) in Brain Slices of Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13601. [PMID: 34948398 PMCID: PMC8708776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optosensorics is the direction of research possessing the possibility of non-invasive monitoring of the concentration of intracellular ions or activity of intracellular components using specific biosensors. In recent years, genetically encoded proteins have been used as effective optosensory means. These probes possess fluorophore groups capable of changing fluorescence when interacting with certain ions or molecules. For monitoring of intracellular concentrations of chloride ([Cl-]i) and hydrogen ([H+] i) the construct, called ClopHensor, which consists of a H+- and Cl--sensitive variant of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (E2GFP) fused with a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mDsRed) has been proposed. We recently developed a line of transgenic mice expressing ClopHensor in neurons and obtained the map of its expression in different areas of the brain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of transgenic mice expressing ClopHensor for estimation of [H+]i and [Cl-]i concentrations in neurons of brain slices. We performed simultaneous monitoring of [H+]i and [Cl-]i under different experimental conditions including changing of external concentrations of ions (Ca2+, Cl-, K+, Na+) and synaptic stimulation of Shaffer's collaterals of hippocampal slices. The results obtained illuminate different pathways of regulation of Cl- and pH equilibrium in neurons and demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing ClopHensor represent a reliable tool for non-invasive simultaneous monitoring of intracellular Cl- and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ponomareva
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Petukhova
- Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Lim WM, Chin EWM, Tang BL, Chen T, Goh ELK. WNK3 Maintains the GABAergic Inhibitory Tone, Synaptic Excitation and Neuronal Excitability via Regulation of KCC2 Cotransporter in Mature Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:762142. [PMID: 34858138 PMCID: PMC8631424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.762142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of chloride (Cl−)permeable gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA) receptors induces synaptic inhibition in mature and excitation in immature neurons. This developmental “switch” in GABA function controlled by its polarity depends on the postnatal decrease in intraneuronal Cl− concentration mediated by KCC2, a member of cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (With No Lysine [K]), is a potent regulator of all CCCs and is expressed in neurons. Here, we characterized the functions of WNK3 and its role in GABAergic signaling in cultured embryonic day 18 (E18) hippocampal neurons. We observed a decrease in WNK3 expression as neurons mature. Knocking down of WNK3 significantly hyperpolarized EGABA in mature neurons (DIV13–15) but had no effect on immature neurons (DIV6–8). This hyperpolarized EGABA in WNK3-deficient neurons was not due to the total expression of NKCC1 and KCC2, that remained unchanged. However, there was a reduction in phosphorylated KCC2 at the membrane, suggesting an increase in KCC2 chloride export activity. Furthermore, hyperpolarized EGABA observed in WNK3-deficient neurons can be reversed by the KCC2 inhibitor, VU024055, thus indicating that WNK3 acts through KCC2 to influence EGABA. Notably, WNK3 knockdown resulted in morphological changes in mature but not immature neurons. Electrophysiological characterization of WNK3-deficient mature neurons revealed reduced capacitances but increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic excitation. Hence, our study demonstrates that WNK3 maintains the “adult” GABAergic inhibitory tone in neurons and plays a role in the morphological development of neurons and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Meng Lim
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice W M Chin
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Xie L, Xie Y, Mao G, Cao S, Fang R, Zhou S, Jiang J, Yao T, Fan J, Liu D, Wu D, Ge J. Decreased spasticity of Baishaoluoshi Decoction through the BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway on poststroke spasticity rats. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1183-1191. [PMID: 34284448 PMCID: PMC8389354 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 (KCC2), which primarily extrudes chloride in mature neurons, triggers hemiplegia limb spasticity after ischemic stroke by affecting neuronal excitability. Our previous study revealed that the Chinese herb Baishaoluoshi Decoction decreases hemiplegia limb spasticity in poststroke spasticity (PSS) patients. This study aimed at elucidating on the effects of Baishaoluoshi Decoction on the BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway in PSS rat models. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted for the establishment of PSS rat models. Muscle tension was evaluated by Modified Ashworth Scale. Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure the protective effects of Baishaoluoshi Decoction on ischemic injury-induced neuronal damage due to MCAO. Expression levels of BDNF, TrKB, and KCC2 in brain tissues around the infarct and brainstem were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS It was found that Baishaoluoshi Decoction suppressed hemiplegia limb spasticity and alleviated the damage in neurons and synapses in PSS rat models. Importantly, the expression of BDNF, TrKB, and KCC2 in brain tissues around the infarct and brainstem were significantly upregulated after treatment with low-dose and high-dose Baishaoluoshi Decoction. CONCLUSION Suppression of spasticity by Baishaoluoshi Decoction in PSS rat models may be correlated with upregulated BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway, which may be a complementary therapeutic strategy for PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yao Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Guo Mao
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Sijia Cao
- Foreign Languages Department, School of Humanities and Management, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Rui Fang
- Chinese Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Shen Zhou
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ting Yao
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Jianhu Fan
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Dong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment in Cardiovascular Disease, College of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dahua Wu
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Chinese Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan
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12
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Delmotte Q, Hamze M, Medina I, Buhler E, Zhang J, Belgacem YH, Porcher C. Smoothened receptor signaling regulates the developmental shift of GABA polarity in rat somatosensory cortex. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247700. [PMID: 32989040 PMCID: PMC7595691 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and its patched-smoothened receptor complex control a variety of functions in the developing central nervous system, such as neural cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, Shh signaling components have been found to be expressed at the synaptic level in the postnatal brain, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Using in utero electroporation of constitutively active and negative-phenotype forms of the Shh signal transducer smoothened (Smo), we studied the role of Smo signaling in the development and maturation of GABAergic transmission in the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that enhancing Smo activity during development accelerates the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA in a manner dependent on functional expression of potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2, also known as SLC12A5). On the other hand, blocking Smo activity maintains the GABA response in a depolarizing state in mature cortical neurons, resulting in altered chloride homeostasis and increased seizure susceptibility. This study reveals unexpected functions of Smo signaling in the regulation of chloride homeostasis, through control of KCC2 cell-surface stability, and the timing of the GABA excitatory-to-inhibitory shift in brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
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13
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Triller A, Renner M, Choquet D. Dynamics and organization of proteins in the neuronal plasma membrane. Neuropharmacology 2020; 169:108043. [PMID: 32151647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Triller
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology (IBENS), Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marianne Renner
- Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270 INSERM, Institut Du Fer à Moulin (IFM), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR, 5297, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Tang BL. The Expanding Therapeutic Potential of Neuronal KCC2. Cells 2020; 9:E240. [PMID: 31963584 PMCID: PMC7016893 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in GABAergic inhibitory neural transmission occur in neuronal injuries and neurological disorders. The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2, SLC12A5) is a key modulator of inhibitory GABAergic inputs in healthy adult neurons, as its chloride (Cl-) extruding activity underlies the hyperpolarizing reversal potential for GABAA receptor Cl- currents (EGABA). Manipulation of KCC2 levels or activity improve symptoms associated with epilepsy and neuropathy. Recent works have now indicated that pharmacological enhancement of KCC2 function could reactivate dormant relay circuits in an injured mouse's spinal cord, leading to functional recovery and the attenuation of neuronal abnormality and disease phenotype associated with a mouse model of Rett syndrome (RTT). KCC2 interacts with Huntingtin and is downregulated in Huntington's disease (HD), which contributed to GABAergic excitation and memory deficits in the R6/2 mouse HD model. Here, these recent advances are highlighted, which attest to KCC2's growing potential as a therapeutic target for neuropathological conditions resulting from dysfunctional inhibitory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; ; Tel.: +65-6516-1040
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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15
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Kim YB, Colwell CS, Kim YI. Long-term ionic plasticity of GABAergic signalling in the hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12753. [PMID: 31166034 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus contains a number of nuclei that subserve a variety of functions, including generation of circadian rhythms, regulation of hormone secretion and maintenance of homeostatic levels for a variety of physiological parameters. Within the hypothalamus, γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is one of the major neurotransmitters responsible for cellular communication. Although GABA most commonly serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, a growing body of evidence indicates that it can evoke post-synaptic excitation as a result of the active regulation of intracellular chloride concentration. In this review, we consider the evidence for this ionic plasticity of GABAergic synaptic transmission in five distinct cases in hypothalamic cell populations. We argue that this plasticity serves as part of the functional response to or is at least associated with dehydration, lactation, hypertension and stress. As such, GABA excitation should be considered as part of the core homeostatic mechanisms of the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Beom Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang In Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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