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Hadzic A, Andersson S. Non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1406889. [PMID: 38966090 PMCID: PMC11223632 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1406889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Déjà vu, French for "already seen," is a phenomenon most people will experience at least once in their lifetime. Emerging evidence suggests that déjà vu occurs in healthy individuals (as "non-ictal déjà vu") and in epilepsy patients during seizures (as "ictal déjà vu") and between seizures (as "interictal déjà vu"). Although the ILAE has recognized déjà vu as a feature of epileptic seizures, it is notably absent from the ICD-11. A lack of evidence-based research may account for this omission. To our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis on déjà vu experiences. Through detailed examinations of non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu, we seek to highlight possible clinical implications. Rethinking the status quo of ictal déjà vu could potentially lead to earlier interventions and improve outcomes for epilepsy patients. Methods This study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023394239) on 5 February 2023. Systematic searches were conducted across four databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed, from inception to 1 February 2023, limited to English language and human participants. Studies were included/excluded based on predefined criteria. Data was extracted according to the PICO framework and synthesized through a thematic approach. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate prevalence's of the phenomena. Study quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias were assessed. Results Database searching identified 1,677 records, of which 46 studies were included. Meta-analyses of prevalence showed that non-ictal déjà vu was experienced by 0.74 (95% CI [0.67, 0.79], p < 0.001) of healthy individuals, whereas interictal déjà vu was experienced by 0.62 (95% CI [0.48, 0.75], p = 0.099) and ictal déjà vu by 0.22 (95% CI [0.15, 0.32], p = 0.001) of epilepsy patients. Examinations of phenomenological (sex, age, frequency, duration, emotional valence, and dissociative symptoms) and neuroscientific (brain structures and functions) data revealed significant variations between non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu on several domains. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis do not support the notion that non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu are homogenous experiences. Instead, it provides insight into ictal déjà vu as a symptom of epilepsy that should be considered included in future revisions of the ICD-11. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394239, CRD42023394239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Hadzic
- Section for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Andersson
- Section for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosomatic Medicine and CL Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Aitken CBA, Jentzsch I, O'Connor AR. Towards a conflict account of déjà vu: The role of memory errors and memory expectation conflict in the experience of déjà vu. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105467. [PMID: 37979736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Déjà vu can be defined as conflict between a subjective evaluation of familiarity and a concurrent evaluation of novelty. Accounts of the déjà vu experience have not explicitly referred to a "conflict account of déjà vu" despite the acceptance of conflict-based definitions of déjà vu and relatively recent neuroimaging work that has implicated brain areas associated with conflict as underpinning the experience. Conflict monitoring functioning follows a similar age-related trajectory to déjà vu with a peak in young adulthood and a subsequent age-related decline. In this narrative review of the literature to date, we consider how déjà vu is defined and how this has influenced the understanding of déjà vu. We also review how déjà vu can be understood within theories of recognition memory and cognitive control. Finally, we summarise the conflict account of déjà vu and propose that this account of the experience may provide a coherent explanation as to why déjà vu experiences tend to decrease with age in the non-clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B A Aitken
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Ines Jentzsch
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Akira R O'Connor
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
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3
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Rashid S, Khenhrani RR, Devi S, Veer M, Malik M, Malik J. Association of Deja Vu with Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023:101793. [PMID: 37172880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a link between déjà vu and cardiovascular diseases. While the mechanism for this association is not fully understood, one theory suggests that déjà vu may be a result of a disruption in the temporal lobe, which is also responsible for regulating blood pressure and heart rate. Another theory suggests that there may be a shared genetic factor between the two conditions, with certain individuals being predisposed to experiencing both. The APOE (Apolipoprotein E) gene, in particular, has been associated with memory processing, Alzheimer's disease, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins, including cholesterol and triglycerides, and is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the APOE4 isoform contributes to CVD, including impairing the clearance of lipoproteins, promoting inflammation, and causing endothelial dysfunction. Psychological factors such as stress may also contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, and déjà vu may be associated with emotional arousal and stress. Further research is needed to fully understand the link between déjà vu and cardiovascular diseases and to explore potential treatment options for individuals who experience both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarim Rashid
- Department of Surgery, East Lancashire Hospital NHS Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Raja Ram Khenhrani
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Maha Veer
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Maria Malik
- Department of Business Administration, Bahria University, Islamabad
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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4
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Mo J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cai L, Liu Q, Hu W, Sang L, Zhang C, Wang X, Shao X, Zhang K. Metabolic phenotyping of hand automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:32. [PMID: 35657491 PMCID: PMC9166918 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hand automatisms (HA) are common clinical manifestations in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the location of the symptomatogenic zone (EZ) in HA as well as the networks involved, are still unclear. To have a better understanding of HA underlying mechanisms, we analyzed images from interictal [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Methods We retrospectively recruited 79 mTLE patients and 18 healthy people that substituted the control group for the analysis. All patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and were seizure-free. Based on the semiology of the HA occurrence, the patients were divided into three subgroups: patients with unilateral HA (Uni-HA), with bilateral HA (Bil-HA) and without HA (None-HA). We performed the intergroup comparison analysis of the interictal FDG-PET images and compared the functional connectivity within metabolic communities. Results Our analysis showed that the metabolic patterns varied among the different groups. The Uni-HA subgroup had significant differences in the extratemporal lobe brain areas, mostly in the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC) when compared to the healthy control group. The Bil-HA subgroup demonstrated that the bilateral SMA and MCC areas were differentially affected, whereas in the None-HA subgroup the differences were evident in limited brain areas. The metabolic network involving HA showed a constrained network embedding the SMA and MCC brain regions. Furthermore, the increased metabolic synchronization between SMA and MCC was significantly correlated with HA. Conclusion The metabolic pattern of HA was most conspicuous in SMA and MCC brain regions. Increased metabolic synchronization within SMA and MCC was considered as the major EZ of HA. Metabolic pattern analysis allowed allocation of the symptomatogenic zone (EZ) and brain network of hand automatisms (HA) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). The involved network of bilateral HA was larger than the unilateral one, probably due to the occurrence of contralateral dystonic posturing. Increased metabolic synchronization within supplementary motor area (SMA) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC) regions were engaged in the representation and modulation of HA, suggesting these regions as the EZ for HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Cai
- Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sang
- Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Subjective distinguishability of seizure and non-seizure Déjà Vu: A case report, brief literature review, and research prospects. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108373. [PMID: 34735965 PMCID: PMC8639800 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Roughly two-thirds of all people report having experienced déjà vu-the odd feeling that a current experience is both novel and a repeat or replay of a previous, unrecalled experience. Reports of an association between déjà vu and seizure aura symptomatology have accumulated for over a century, and frequent déjà vu is also now known to be associated with focal seizures, particularly those of a medial temporal lobe (MTL) origin. A longstanding question is whether seizure-related déjà vu has the same basis and is the same subjective experience as non-seizure déjà vu. Survey research suggests that people who experience both seizure-related and non-seizure déjà vu can often subjectively distinguish between the two. We present a case of a person with a history of focal MTL seizures who reports having experienced both seizure-related and non-seizure common déjà vu, though the non-seizure type was more frequent during this person's youth than it is currently. The patient was studied with a virtual tour paradigm that has previously been shown to elicit déjà vu among non-clinical, young adult participants. The patient reported experiencing déjà vu of the common non-seizure type during the virtual tour paradigm, without associated abnormalities of the intracranial EEG. We situate this work in the context of broader ongoing projects examining the subjective correlates of seizures. The importance for memory research of virtual scenes, spatial tasks, virtual reality (VR), and this paradigm for isolating familiarity in the context of recall failure are discussed.
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Corneille JS, Luke D. Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings: Phenomenology, Altered States, Individual Differences, and Well-Being. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720579. [PMID: 34489825 PMCID: PMC8417526 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings (SSAs) are subjective experiences characterised by a sudden sense of direct contact, union, or complete nondual merging (experience of oneness) with a perceived ultimate reality, the universe, "God," or the divine. These profound transformative experiences have scarcely been researched, despite extensive anecdotal evidence suggesting their potential to catalyse drastic, long-term, and often positive shifts in perception, world-view, and well-being. The aims of this study were to investigate the phenomenological variances of these experiences, including the potential differences between SSAs and Spontaneous Kundalini Awakenings (SKAs), a subset of awakening experiences that the authors postulate may produce a higher likelihood of both physical and negative effects; to explore how these experiences compare to other altered states of consciousness (ASCs), including those mediated by certain psychedelic substances; and understand their impact on well-being. Personality trait absorption and temporal lobe lability (TLL) were assessed as predictors of Spontaneous Spiritual and Kundalini Awakenings (SSA/SKAs). A mixed within and between-participants self-report survey design was adopted. A total of 152 participants reporting their most powerful SSA/SKAs completed questionnaires measuring nondual, kundalini, and mystical experience, as well as depth of ASC, and trait absorption and TLL. Spontaneous Kundalini Awakenings were found to be significantly more physical, but not significantly more negative than SSAs, and overall, both sets of experiences were perceived to be overwhelmingly more positive than negative, even in cases where the experience was initially challenging. The phenomenological distribution of SSA/SKAs was similar to other measured ASCs although greater in magnitude, and appeared most similar in distribution and in magnitude to drug-induced ASCs, particularly classic psychedelics DMT and psilocybin. Temporal lobe lability and trait absorption were found to predict the SSA/SKA experience. The limitations and implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sophie Corneille
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Luke
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Neural networks underlying hyperkinetic seizures: A quantitative PET and SEEG study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108130. [PMID: 34153637 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperkinetic seizures (HKS) are characterized by complex movements that commonly occur during seizures arising from diverse cortical structures. A common semiology network may exist and analyzing the anatomo-electrical mechanisms would facilitate presurgical evaluation. Here, quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of HKS. METHODS We retrospectively collected patients with epilepsy with HKS between 2014 and 2019. The interictal PET data of patients with epilepsy with HKS were compared with those of 25 healthy subjects using statistical parametric mapping to identify regions with significant hypometabolism. Then, regions of interest (ROI) for SEEG analysis were identified based on the results of PET analysis. Patients in which the ROIs were covered by intracerebral electrodes were selected for further analysis. Stereoelectroencephalography -clinical correlations with latency measurements were analyzed, and we also performed coherence analysis among ROIs both before and during HKS. RESULTS Based on the inclusion criteria, 27 patients were analyzed. In the PET analysis, significant hypometabolism was observed in the ipsilateral dorsoanterior insular lobe, bilateral mesial frontal lobes (supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex, SMA/MCC), and the bilateral heads of the caudate nuclei in patients with HKS compared with the control group (p < 0.001). We selected dorsoanterior insula and SMA/MCC as ROIs for SEEG analysis. Eight patients with 23 HKS events were selected for further analysis. There was a linear correlation between the ictal involvement of both the dorsoanterior insula and SMA/MCC with the onset of HKS. Stereoelectroencephalography analysis indicated alpha range activity seemed more often associated with dorsoanterior insula and SMA/MCC involvement during HKS. CONCLUSIONS The dorsoanterior insular lobe, mesial frontal lobes (SMA/MCC), and the bilateral heads of the caudate nuclei were probably involved in the generation of HKS. The SEEG analysis further indicated that the occurrence of HKS might be partly associated with synchronized rhythmical alpha activity between dorsoanterior insula and SMA/MCC.
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8
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Lagarde S, Singh R, Bartolomei F, Guedj E. Insular interictal positron emission tomography hypometabolism in patients with ictal asystole. Epilepsia 2021; 62:e117-e122. [PMID: 34227678 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore brain area(s) involved in the generation of ictal asystole (IA) by analyzing the interictal positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism of patients with IA recorded by video-electroencephalography or video-stereo-electroencephalography. We identified in our cohort of focal epilepsy patients who had undergone presurgical evaluation those who had a recorded period of IA of more than 3 s. We investigated the anatomometabolic changes (interictal 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET) of these patients in comparison with (1) healthy subjects with similar age and sex distribution (n = 19) using whole-brain voxel-based analysis (p-voxel < .001, p-cluster < .05, uncorrected) and (2) patients without IA with similar age and seizure onset zone (n = 55). We found 12 patients with IA. Epilepsy was mainly temporal (four right temporal mesial, four bitemporal, two left temporal lateral, one right temporal lateral, and one right temporal "plus"). Seven patients had negative magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain statistical analysis of PET imaging was performed at the voxel level, showing that in comparison to healthy subjects and to epileptic patients without IA, a hypometabolism in the right posterior insula characterized epileptic patients with IA. Our study suggests involvement of the right posterior insula-a part of the central autonomic network-in the pathophysiological mechanism of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Lagarde
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Timone Hospital, Department of Epileptology, Marseille, France
| | - Rinki Singh
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Timone Hospital, Department of Epileptology, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CERIMED, Marseille, France
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Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB. Neuropsychologia 2020; 138:107339. [PMID: 31930957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We review evidence from an extensive single case study in an individual (NB) who underwent a rare left-sided anterior temporal-lobe resection with sparing of the hippocampus. Our study aimed to determine whether memory functions of perirhinal cortex, which was largely removed in the resection, can be impaired against a background of preserved hippocampus-dependent memory processing. This research was guided by the proposal that item-based familiarity assessment relies on contributions of perirhinal cortex, and that the hippocampus plays a unique role in the relational binding of items to episodic contexts, which is critical for recollection. Seven sets of findings have emerged from our research on NB (synthesized from five primary research articles), and from follow-up work in other patients: (i) Familiarity impairments can be selective and be revealed with multiple methods; (ii) selective familiarity and selective recollection impairments can be double dissociated; (iii) selective familiarity impairments show material specificity; (iv) selective familiarity impairments extend to assessment of cumulative lifetime experience; (v) selective familiarity impairments are sensitive to degree of feature overlap between object concepts; (vi) selective familiarity impairments are associated with preserved task-related fMRI signals in the hippocampus; (vii) selective familiarity impairments can be observed in other lesion cases. Despite our main focus on the dual-process framework, we also discuss implications for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes in broader terms. We argue that our findings shed light on this organization even if the functional specialization of different medial temporal structures is ultimately not fully captured with reference to the cognitive distinction between familiarity and recollection.
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Curot J, Pariente J, Hupé JM, Lotterie JA, Mirabel H, Barbeau EJ. Déjà vu and prescience in a case of severe episodic amnesia following bilateral hippocampal lesions. Memory 2019; 29:843-858. [PMID: 31587614 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1673426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several studies pertaining to déjà vu have consistently made a connection with the perirhinal region, a region located below the hippocampus. This idea is strengthened by the fact that déjà vu is an erroneous sense of familiarity and that familiarity appears to largely depend on the perirhinal region in healthy subjects. In this context, the role of the hippocampus is particularly unclear as it is unknown whether or not it plays a role in the genesis of déjà vu. We report on the case of OHVR, an epileptic patient who suffers from severe episodic amnesia related to massive isolated bilateral damage to the hippocampus. In contrast, the perirhinal region is intact structurally and functionally. This patient reports frequent déjà vu but also another experiential phenomenon with a prominent feeling of prescience, which shows some of the characteristics of déjà vécu. She clearly distinguishes both. She also developed a form of synaesthesia by attributing affective valence to numbers. This study shows that déjà vu can occur in cases of amnesia with massively damaged hippocampi and confirms that the perirhinal region is a core region for déjà vu, using a different approach from previous reports. It also provides clues about a potential influence of hippocampal alterations in déjà vécu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Curot
- Neurologie, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CerCo, UMR 5549, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurologie, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Michel Hupé
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CerCo, UMR 5549, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Albert Lotterie
- INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France.,Radiochirurgie stéréotaxique, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Mirabel
- Neurologie, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CerCo, UMR 5549, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France
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Martin CB, Mirsattari SM, Pruessner JC, Burneo JG, Hayman-Abello B, Köhler S. Relationship between déjà vu experiences and recognition-memory impairments in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Memory 2019; 29:884-894. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1643891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris B. Martin
- The Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seyed M. Mirsattari
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Jorge G. Burneo
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Brent Hayman-Abello
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- The Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Wang Y, Wang X, Mo JJ, Sang L, Zhao BT, Zhang C, Hu WH, Zhang JG, Shao XQ, Zhang K. Symptomatogenic zone and network of oroalimentary automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1150-1159. [PMID: 31095733 DOI: 10.1111/epi.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oroalimentary automatisms (OAAs) are common clinical manifestations of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs remains unclear. The generation mechanism of OAAs also has not been clarified. We attempt to explain these problems by analyzing interictal [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 FDG-PET) imaging and ictal stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively. All underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and were seizure-free. The patients were divided into OAA (+) and OAA (-) groups according to the occurrence of consistent stereotyped OAAs. The interictal PET data were compared with those of 18 healthy controls and were then compared between groups using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Functional connectivity using linear regression analysis was performed between the target brain regions. To clarify the network of OAAs, ictal epileptogenicity index (EI) values, and the nonlinear correlation method h2 were performed with SEEG on patients. RESULTS Compared to OAAs (-), the rolandic operculum was the only area with significant differences. Hippocampus and rolandic operculum showed significant correlations in the OAA (+) group (y = 0.758x+0.470, R2 = 0.456, P = 0.000). No correlation was found in the OAA (-) group (P = 0.486). The EI values of the OAA (+) group (median 0.20) were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than those of the OAA (-) group (median 0). The h2 in the OAA (+) group (h2 = 0.23 ± 0.13) showed stronger functional connectivity (t = 6.166, P < 0.0001) than that of the OAA (-) group (h2 = 0.08 ± 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The rolandic operculum is most likely to be the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs. In medial temporal lobe epilepsy, unilateral functional connection from the hippocampus to the rolandic operculum during seizure onset is the basis for the generation of OAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jie Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sang
- Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Tian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Han Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China.,Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China.,Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Shao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
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13
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Brandt KR, Conway MA, James A, von Oertzen TJ. Déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex: dissociating recollective from familiarity disruptions in a single case patient. Memory 2018; 29:859-868. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1543436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adele James
- Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Tim J. von Oertzen
- Atkinson Morley Neuroscience Centre, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Neurology 1, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitaetsklinikum, Linz, Austria
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14
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Urquhart JA, Sivakumaran MH, Macfarlane JA, O'Connor AR. fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà vu experience. Memory 2018; 29:921-932. [PMID: 30232927 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1524496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to generate déjà vu experimentally have largely focused on engineering partial familiarity for stimuli, relying on an ensuing, but unprompted evaluation of conflict to generate the experience. Without verification that experimentally-generated familiarity is accompanied by the awareness of stimulus novelty, these experimental procedures potentially provide an incomplete déjà vu analogue. We used a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory procedure to generate both familiarity and novelty within a déjà vu analogue - we coupled experimentally-generated familiarity with cues indicating that the familiarity was erroneous, using this additional source of mnemonic information to generate cognitive conflict in our participants. We collected fMRI and behavioural data from 21 participants, 16 of whom reported déjà vu. Using univariate contrasts we identified brain regions associated with mnemonic conflict, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. This is the first experiment to image an analogue of the déjà vu experience in healthy volunteers. The increased likelihood of déjà vu reports to DRM critical lures correctly identified as "new", and the activation of neural substrates supporting the experience of cognitive conflict during déjà vu, suggest that the resolution of memory conflict may play an integral role in déjà vu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akira R O'Connor
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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15
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Ernst A, Delrue G, Willems S. Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu. Memory 2018; 29:869-883. [PMID: 30136891 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1510965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
While occasional déjà vu is benign in the general population, rare neuropsychological cases with persistent déjà vu have been described in the literature. We report the case of MN, a 25-year-old woman, who suffered a cerebral haemorrhage in the right thalamo-callosal region and experienced recurrent déjà vu episodes. Through clinical interviews and memory tasks related to déjà vu, we assumed that source memory errors and an inappropriate feeling of familiarity (measured by the number of false recognitions) were critically involved in MN's déjà vu. Based on this, we developed the first neuropsychological intervention dedicated to déjà vu. The rationale was to train MN to detect elements that could produce an inappropriate feeling of familiarity and to promote metacognitive awareness about déjà vu. This intervention was effective at reducing the frequency of déjà vu episodes in MN's daily life, as well as the number of false recognitions in memory tasks. In addition to its clinical contribution, this single-case study contributes to the limited literature on patients whose déjà vu is not related to epileptic abnormalities and medial temporal brain damage, and provide supportive evidence of the role of an erroneous feeling of familiarity and of metacognitive processes in déjà vu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ernst
- Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gaël Delrue
- Unité de revalidation neuropsychologique de l'Adulte - CHU de Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Willems
- Psychological and Speech Therapy Consultation Centre (CPLU), University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
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16
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Wang X, Hu W, Zhang K, Shao X, Ma Y, Sang L, Zheng Z, Zhang C, Li J, Zhang JG. The Anatomo-Electrical Network Underlying Hypermotor Seizures. Front Neurol 2018; 9:243. [PMID: 29695997 PMCID: PMC5904199 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypermotor seizures (HMS) can be triggered by different epileptogenic foci and thus common symptomatic networks generating HMS may exist among these patients. The goal of the present study was to investigate the specialized networks underlying HMS by analyzing interictal 18FDG-PET imaging and ictal stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings. Methods Fourteen patients with HMS were retrospectively analyzed. HMS were classified into HMS1 and HMS2 according to the speed and intensity of the motor seizure behavior. Then, the interictal PET data of patients was compared with those of 18 healthy controls using statistical parametric mapping to identify regions with significant hypometabolism. Ictal SEEG recordings were reviewed to identify the spreading areas at the beginning of HMS occurrence. Results Compared to controls, patients with HMS presented significant hypometabolism in the bilateral anterosuperior insular lobes, mesial premotor cortex (MPMC), middle cingulate cortex (MCC), as well as in the bilateral caudate nuclei. When comparing patients in the two HMS subgroups with controls, more extensive hypometabolic areas were seen in HMS1 patients than in HMS2 patients, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the temporal pole, and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was also found significantly hypometabolic in patients with HMS1 when compared with HMS2 directly. SEEG recordings further suggested that insula, MCC, and MPMC were commonly recruited at the beginning of HMS. Conclusion We have identified a specialized interictal hypometabolic pattern in patients with HMS. A network involving the anterosuperior insula, mesiofrontal cortex (MCC-MPMC), and caudate nucleus may contribute to the generation of HMS. ACC, OFC, and temporal pole are possibly associated with the affective components of HMS. Our findings provide further insight into understanding the network basis of HMS semiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhan Hu
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshan Ma
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Alliance of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Peking University First Hospital Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sang
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Alliance of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Peking University First Hospital Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Alliance of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Peking University First Hospital Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Junjv Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
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17
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Qiu J, Xia Y, He L, Chen Q, Sang N, Liu W, Li H. Abnormal rsFC and GMV changes in parahippocampal and DLPFC for high Déjà vu experienced subjects. Biol Psychol 2018; 133:72-78. [PMID: 29426017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How déjà vu works has long been a mystery, partially because of its characteristics of unpredictable occurrences and quick disappearances, which make it difficult to be explored. Previous studies have described the anatomical structures underlying déjà vu in healthy subjects; however, the functional mechanism of déjà vu remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the brain structural and functional components underlying déjà vu by combining voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM) with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). The VBM analysis revealed that the anterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) had significantly less grey matter volume (GMV) in high déjà vu group than low group, confirming previous studies. Further functional connectivity analysis revealed that the frequency of déjà vu experiences was negatively correlated with the strength of the rsFC between anterior dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior PHG but positively correlated with the strength of the rsFC between posterior DLPFC and posterior PHG. Moreover, the frequency of déjà vu experiences was negatively correlated with the strength of the rsFC between the anterior and posterior regions of the PHG. These findings indicated that familiarity without recollection (PHG) and superior context monitoring (DLPFC) are critical for real-life déjà vu experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Qiu
- College of Education Science, ChengDu University, ChengDu, 610106, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yunman Xia
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li He
- School of Education, Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Na Sang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (DCCN) Radboud University, Netherlands
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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18
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Verger A, Lagarde S, Maillard L, Bartolomei F, Guedj E. Brain molecular imaging in pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy: Current practice and perspectives. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018; 174:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Curot J, Busigny T, Valton L, Denuelle M, Vignal JP, Maillard L, Chauvel P, Pariente J, Trebuchon A, Bartolomei F, Barbeau EJ. Memory scrutinized through electrical brain stimulation: A review of 80 years of experiential phenomena. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:161-177. [PMID: 28445741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrical brain stimulations (EBS) sometimes induce reminiscences, but it is largely unknown what type of memories they can trigger. We reviewed 80 years of literature on reminiscences induced by EBS and added our own database. We classified them according to modern conceptions of memory. We observed a surprisingly large variety of reminiscences covering all aspects of declarative memory. However, most were poorly detailed and only a few were episodic. This result does not support theories of a highly stable and detailed memory, as initially postulated, and still widely believed as true by the general public. Moreover, memory networks could only be activated by some of their nodes: 94.1% of EBS were temporal, although the parietal and frontal lobes, also involved in memory networks, were stimulated. The qualitative nature of memories largely depended on the site of stimulation: EBS to rhinal cortex mostly induced personal semantic reminiscences, while only hippocampal EBS induced episodic memories. This result supports the view that EBS can activate memory in predictable ways in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Curot
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epileptology and Movement Disorders, Toulouse University Hospital, France; CerCo, CNRS, UMR5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, France.
| | - Thomas Busigny
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epileptology and Movement Disorders, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epileptology and Movement Disorders, Toulouse University Hospital, France; CerCo, CNRS, UMR5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, France
| | - Marie Denuelle
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epileptology and Movement Disorders, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | | | - Louis Maillard
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, France; University of Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Chauvel
- INSERM, U751, Marseille, France; Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epileptology and Movement Disorders, Toulouse University Hospital, France; INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, France
| | - Agnès Trebuchon
- INSERM, U751, Marseille, France; Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille University Hospital, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- INSERM, U751, Marseille, France; Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille University Hospital, France
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20
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Guinchard AC, Ghazaleh N, Saenz M, Fornari E, Prior J, Maeder P, Adib S, Maire R. Study of tonotopic brain changes with functional MRI and FDG-PET in a patient with unilateral objective cochlear tinnitus. Hear Res 2016; 341:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Novy J, Allenbach G, Bien CG, Guedj E, Prior JO, Rossetti AO. FDG-PET hyperactivity pattern in anti-NMDAr encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 297:156-8. [PMID: 27397089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FDG-PET can show anteroposterior glucose metabolism gradient in anti-NMDAr encephalitis, but there are also suggestions that basal ganglia are involved. We examined FDG-PET scans in 5 consecutive episodes of serologically proven anti-NMDAr encephalitis, compared with healthy controls. We confirmed the anteroposterior metabolic gradient and found a significant FDG uptake increase in the caudate nuclei in episodes of varying intensity and delay from the onset of the symptoms. FDG-PET can be useful in the work-up of suspected anti-NMDAr encephalitis disclosing a characteristic cortical and sub-cortical metabolism pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novy
- Neurology service, Department of clinical neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Gilles Allenbach
- Nuclear Medicine, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Bien
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Epilepsy Centre Bethel, Mara Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eric Guedj
- Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, CHU Timone & Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, CERIMED & Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC, INSERM, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille F-13000, France
| | - John O Prior
- Nuclear Medicine, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea O Rossetti
- Neurology service, Department of clinical neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Brandt KR, Eysenck MW, Nielsen MK, von Oertzen TJ. Selective lesion to the entorhinal cortex leads to an impairment in familiarity but not recollection. Brain Cogn 2016; 104:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Yilmazer-Hanke D, O'Loughlin E, McDermott K. Contribution of amygdala pathology to comorbid emotional disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:486-503. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine; Creighton University; Omaha Nebraska
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - Elaine O'Loughlin
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College; Cork Ireland
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kieran McDermott
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University College; Cork Ireland
- Graduate Entry Medical School; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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24
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Shaw DJ, Mareček R, Brázdil M. Structural covariance mapping delineates medial and medio-lateral temporal networks in déjà vu. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 10:1068-1079. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Lebedev AV, Lövdén M, Rosenthal G, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3137-53. [PMID: 26010878 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's "self," "ego," or "I" is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, "ego-disintegration" or "dissolution" is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilocybin (a compound found in "magic mushrooms"). Fifteen healthy subjects took part in this placebo-controlled study. Twelve-minute functional MRI scans were acquired on two occasions: subjects received an intravenous infusion of saline on one occasion (placebo) and 2 mg psilocybin on the other. Twenty-two visual analogue scale ratings were completed soon after scanning and the first principal component of these, dominated by items referring to "ego-dissolution", was used as a primary measure of interest in subsequent analyses. Employing methods of connectivity analysis and graph theory, an association was found between psilocybin-induced ego-dissolution and decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and high-level cortical regions. Ego-dissolution was also associated with a "disintegration" of the salience network and reduced interhemispheric communication. Addressing baseline brain dynamics as a predictor of drug-response, individuals with lower diversity of executive network nodes were more likely to experience ego-dissolution under psilocybin. These results implicate MTL-cortical decoupling, decreased salience network integrity, and reduced inter-hemispheric communication in psilocybin-induced ego disturbance and suggest that the maintenance of "self"or "ego," as a perceptual phenomenon, may rest on the normal functioning of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Lebedev
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Gidon Rosenthal
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - David J Nutt
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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26
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Labate A, Cerasa A, Mumoli L, Ferlazzo E, Aguglia U, Quattrone A, Gambardella A. Neuro-anatomical differences among epileptic and non-epileptic déjà-vu. Cortex 2015; 64:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Guedj E, Bonini F, Gavaret M, Trébuchon A, Aubert S, Boucekine M, Boyer L, Carron R, McGonigal A, Bartolomei F. 18FDG-PET in different subtypes of temporal lobe epilepsy: SEEG validation and predictive value. Epilepsia 2015; 56:414-21. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guedj
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- CERIMED; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
- CNRS; UMR7289; INT; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - Francesca Bonini
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
| | - Martine Gavaret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
| | - Agnès Trébuchon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
| | - Sandrine Aubert
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
| | - Mohamed Boucekine
- EA 3279 -Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- EA 3279 -Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - Romain Carron
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
| | - Aileen McGonigal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Timone Hospital; APHM; Marseille France
- Brain Dynamics Institute; UMR 1106; Aix-Marseille University; Inserm; Marseille France
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28
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Kaphan E, Barbeau E, Royère ML, Guedj E, Pelletier J, Ali Chérif A. Ganser-like syndrome after loss of psychic self-activation syndrome: psychogenic or organic? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:715-23. [PMID: 25280796 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Very few data are available on the long-term changes in the cognitive abilities of patients with loss of psychic self-activation syndrome (LPSAS). Here, we present a 25-year follow-up study on a case of LPSAS resulting from bilateral pallidal lesions caused by carbon monoxide intoxication. Typical signs of LPSAS were observed, showing no changes in severity, but Ganser syndrome (GS) gradually developed and worsened during the follow-up period. GS is generally assumed to be a psychogenic syndrome, but an organic etiology has been suspected by the authors of several case reports. Here, atypical features of GS plead against the independence of GS and LPSAS. DaTSCAN and brain 18FDG-PET were performed. Since left hippocampal hypometabolism has been previously described in patients with functional amnesia, it is possible that long periods of mental inactivity may have psychological consequences, but the atypical features of GS also suggest that an organic mechanism may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Kaphan
- Service de Neurologie, Pôle de Neurosciences cliniques, AP-HM Timone, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Emmanuel Barbeau
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle de Neurosciences cliniques, AP-HM Timone and LNN INSERM U751, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Marie L Royère
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle de Neurosciences cliniques, AP-HM Timone and LNN INSERM U751, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, INT, & CERIMED, Marseille13005, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Service de Neurologie, Pôle de Neurosciences cliniques, AP-HM Timone, Marseille 13005, France
| | - André Ali Chérif
- Service de Neurologie, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, AP-HM Timone and INCM, UMR 6193, CNRS Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille13005, France
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29
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Brain PET Metabolic Abnormalities in a Case of Varicella-Zoster Virus Encephalitis. Clin Nucl Med 2014; 39:e389-91. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Craik FIM, Barense MD, Rathbone CJ, Grusec JE, Stuss DT, Gao F, Scott CJM, Black SE. VL: a further case of erroneous recollection. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:367-80. [PMID: 24560915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a single-case study of a female patient (VL) who exhibited frequent episodes of erroneous recollections triggered by everyday events. Based on neuropsychological testing, VL was classified as suffering from mild to moderate dementia (MMSE=18) and was given a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer׳s disease. Her memory functions were uniformly impaired but her verbal abilities were generally well preserved. A structural MRI scan showed extensive areas of gray matter atrophy particularly in frontal and medial-temporal (MTL) areas. Results of experimental recognition tests showed that VL had very high false alarm rates on tests using pictures, faces and auditory stimuli, but lower false alarm rates on verbal tests. We provide a speculative account of her erroneous recollections in terms of her MTL and frontal pathology. In outline, we suggest that owing to binding failures in MTL regions, VL׳s recognition processes were forced to rely on earlier than normal stages of analysis. Environmental features on a given recognition trial may have combined with fragments persisting from previous trials resulting in erroneous feelings of familiarity and of recollection that were not discounted or edited out, due to her impaired frontal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1; University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1; University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clare J Rathbone
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1; Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Donald T Stuss
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1; University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra E Black
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Déjà vu can occur as an aura of temporal lobe epilepsy and in some psychiatric conditions but is also common in the general population. It is unclear whether any clinical features distinguish pathological and physiological forms of déjà vu. METHODS 50 epileptic patients with ictal déjà vu, 50 non-epileptic patients attending general neurology clinics and 50 medical students at Edinburgh University were recruited. Data were collected on demographic factors, the experience of déjà vu using a questionnaire based on Sno's Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment, symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as well as seizure characteristics, anti-epileptic medications, handedness, EEG and neuroimaging findings for epileptic patients. RESULTS 73.5% of neurology patients, 88% of students and (by definition) all epilepsy patients had experienced déjà vu. The experience of déjà vu itself was similar in the three groups. Epileptic déjà vu occurred more frequently and lasted somewhat longer than physiological déjà vu. Epilepsy patients were more likely to report prior fatigue and concentrated activity, associated derealisation, olfactory and gustatory hallucinations, physical symptoms such as headaches, abdominal sensations and fear. After controlling for study group, anxiety and depression scores were not associated with déjà vu frequency. CONCLUSIONS Déjà vu is common and qualitatively similar whether it occurs as an epileptic aura or normal phenomenon. However ictal déjà vu occurs more frequently and is accompanied by several distinctive features. It is distinguished primarily by 'the company it keeps'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Warren-Gash
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, , London, UK
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Abstract
Limbic epilepsy refers to a condition that consists of epileptic seizures that originate in or preferentially involve the limbic system. The majority of cases are medically refractory, necessitating surgical resection when possible. However, even resection of structures thought to be responsible for seizure generation may not leave a patient seizure free. While mesial temporal lobe limbic structures are centrally involved, there is growing evidence that the epileptogenic network consists of a broader area, involving structures outside of the temporal lobe and the limbic system. Information on structural, functional, and metabolic connectivity in patients with limbic epilepsy is available from a large body of studies employing methods such as MRI, EEG, MEG, fMRI, PET, and SPECT scanning, implicating the involvement of various brain regions in the epileptogenic network. To date, there are no consistent and conclusive findings to define the exact boundaries of this network, but it is possible that in the future studies of network connectivity in the individual patient may allow more tailored treatment and prognosis in terms of surgical resection.
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Lee H, Fell J, Axmacher N. Electrical engram: how deep brain stimulation affects memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2013; 17:574-84. [PMID: 24126128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure involving implantation of a pacemaker that sends electric impulses to specific brain regions. DBS has been applied in patients with Parkinson's disease, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (among others), and more recently in patients with Alzheimer's disease to improve memory functions. Current DBS approaches are based on the concept that high-frequency stimulation inhibits or excites specific brain regions. However, because DBS entails the application of repetitive electrical stimuli, it primarily exerts an effect on extracellular field-potential oscillations similar to those recorded with electroencephalography. Here, we suggest a new perspective on how DBS may ameliorate memory dysfunction: it may enhance normal electrophysiological patterns underlying long-term memory processes within the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hweeling Lee
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Vlasov PN, Chervyakov AV, Gnezditskii VV. Déjà vu phenomenon-related EEG pattern. Case report. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2013; 1:136-41. [PMID: 25667847 PMCID: PMC4150674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Déjà vu (DV, from French déjà vu — “already seen”) is an aberration of psychic activity associated with transitory erroneous perception of novel circumstances, objects, or people as already known. Objective This study aimed to record the EEG pattern of déjà vu. Methods The subjects participated in a survey concerning déjà vu characteristics and underwent ambulatory EEG monitoring (12–16 h). Results In patients with epilepsy, DV episodes began with polyspike activity in the right temporal lobe region and, in some cases, ended with slow-wave theta–delta activity over the right hemisphere. There were no epileptic discharges in healthy respondents during DV. Conclusion Two types of déjà vu are suggested to exist: “pathological-epileptic” déjà vu, characteristic of patients with epilepsy and equivalent to an epileptic seizure, and “nonpathological-nonepileptic” déjà vu, which is characteristic of healthy people and psychological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Vlasov
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chervyakov
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Gnezditskii
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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35
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Richieri R, Boyer L, Padovani R, Adida M, Colavolpe C, Mundler O, Lançon C, Guedj E. Equivalent brain SPECT perfusion changes underlying therapeutic efficiency in pharmacoresistant depression using either high-frequency left or low-frequency right prefrontal rTMS. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:364-70. [PMID: 22850205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested similar mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects of distinct therapeutics. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine and compare functional brain patterns underlying the antidepressant response of 2 distinct protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). METHODS 99mTc-ECD SPECT was performed before and after rTMS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 61 drug-resistant right-handed patients with major depression, using high frequency (10Hz) left-side stimulation in 33 patients, and low frequency (1Hz) right-side stimulation in 28 patients. Efficiency of rTMS response was defined as at least 50% reduction of the baseline Beck Depression Inventory score. We compared the whole-brain voxel-based brain SPECT changes in perfusion after rTMS, between responders and non-responders in the whole sample (p<0.005, uncorrected), and separately in the subgroup of patients with left- and right-stimulation. RESULTS Before rTMS, the left- and right-prefrontal stimulation groups did not differ from clinical data and brain SPECT perfusion. rTMS efficiency (evaluated on % of responders) was statistically equivalent in the two groups of patients. In the whole-group of responder patients, a perfusion decrease was found after rTMS, in comparison to non-responders, within the left perirhinal cortex (BA35, BA36). This result was secondarily confirmed separately in the two subgroups, i.e. after either left stimulation (p=0.017) or right stimulation (p<0.001), without significant perfusion differences between these two subgroups. CONCLUSIONS These data show that distinct successful rTMS protocols induce equivalent brain functional changes associated to antidepressive efficiency, consisting to a remote brain limbic activity decrease within the left perirhinal cortex. However, these results will have to be confirmed in a double-blind randomized trial using a sham control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Richieri
- Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Martin CB, Mirsattari SM, Pruessner JC, Pietrantonio S, Burneo JG, Hayman-Abello B, Köhler S. Déjà vu in unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy is associated with selective familiarity impairments on experimental tasks of recognition memory. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2981-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Unveiling the mystery of déjà vu: The structural anatomy of déjà vu. Cortex 2012; 48:1240-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guedj E, McGonigal A, Vaugier L, Mundler O, Bartolomei F. Metabolic brain PET pattern underlying hyperkinetic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:237-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Medlin F, Aybek S, Berney A, Guedj E, Delaloye AB, Prior JO, Diserens K. Psychogenic Tetraparesis and Bilateral Upper Limb Dystonia, Regressive Under Short Propofol-Induced Sedation and During Hepatic Encephalopathy. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 53:485-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Illman NA, Butler CR, Souchay C, Moulin CJA. Déjà experiences in temporal lobe epilepsy. EPILEPSY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:539567. [PMID: 22957231 PMCID: PMC3420423 DOI: 10.1155/2012/539567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Historically, déjà vu has been linked to seizure activity in temporal lobe epilepsy, and clinical reports suggest that many patients experience the phenomenon as a manifestation of simple partial seizures. We review studies on déjà vu in epilepsy with reference to recent advances in the understanding of déjà vu from a cognitive and neuropsychological standpoint. We propose a decoupled familiarity hypothesis, whereby déjà vu is produced by an erroneous feeling of familiarity which is not in keeping with current cognitive processing. Our hypothesis converges on a parahippocampal dysfunction as the locus of déjà vu experiences. However, several other temporal lobe structures feature in reports of déjà vu in epilepsy. We suggest that some of the inconsistency in the literature derives from a poor classification of the various types of déjà experiences. We propose déjà vu/déjà vécu as one way of understanding déjà experiences more fully. This distinction is based on current models of memory function, where déjà vu is caused by erroneous familiarity and déjà vécu by erroneous recollection. Priorities for future research and clinical issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Illman
- Leeds Memory Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chris R. Butler
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Celine Souchay
- Leeds Memory Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chris J. A. Moulin
- Leeds Memory Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Sehm B, Frisch S, Thöne-Otto A, Horstmann A, Villringer A, Obrig H. Focal retrograde amnesia: voxel-based morphometry findings in a case without MRI lesions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26538. [PMID: 22028902 PMCID: PMC3197527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal retrograde amnesia (FRA) is a rare neurocognitive disorder presenting with an isolated loss of retrograde memory. In the absence of detectable brain lesions, a differentiation of FRA from psychogenic causes is difficult. Here we report a case study of persisting FRA after an epileptic seizure. A thorough neuropsychological assessment confirmed severe retrograde memory deficits while anterograde memory abilities were completely normal. Neurological and psychiatric examination were unremarkable and high-resolution MRI showed no neuroradiologically apparent lesion. However, voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-comparing the MRI to an education-, age-and sex-matched control group (n = 20) disclosed distinct gray matter decreases in left temporopolar cortex and a region between right posterior parahippocampal and lingual cortex. Although the results of VBM-based comparisons between a single case and a healthy control group are generally susceptible to differences unrelated to the specific symptoms of the case, we believe that our data suggest a causal role of the cortical areas detected since the retrograde memory deficit is the preeminent neuropsychological difference between patient and controls. This was paralleled by grey matter differences in central nodes of the retrograde memory network. We therefore suggest that these subtle alterations represent structural correlates of the focal retrograde amnesia in our patient. Beyond the implications for the diagnosis and etiology of FRA, our results advocate the use of VBM in conditions that do not show abnormalities in clinical radiological assessment, but show distinct neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Sehm
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Rhinal-hippocampal interactions during déjà vu. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:489-95. [PMID: 21924679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenomenon of 'déjà vu' is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In epileptic patients investigated with intracerebral electrodes, déjà vu can be more readily induced by stimulation of the rhinal cortices (RCs) than the hippocampus (H). Whether déjà vu results from acute dysfunction of the familiarity system alone (sustained by RC) or from more extensive involvement of the MTL region (including H) is debatable. METHODS We analysed the synchronisation of intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from RC, H and amygdala (A) in epileptic patients in whom déjà vu was induced by electrical stimulation. EEG signal correlations (between signals from RC, A and H) were evaluated using a nonlinear regression. RESULTS In comparison with RC stimulations that did not lead to déjà vu (DV-), stimulations triggering déjà vu (DV+) were associated with increased broadband EEG correlation (p=0.01). Changes in correlations were significantly different in the theta band for RC-A (p=0.007) and RC-H (p=0.01) and in the beta band for RC-H (p=0.001) interactions. CONCLUSION Déjà vu is associated with increased EEG signal correlation between MTL structures. SIGNIFICANCE Results are in favour of a mechanism involving transient co-operation between various MTL structures, not limited to RC alone.
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de Vanssay-Maigne A, Noulhiane M, Devauchelle AD, Rodrigo S, Baudoin-Chial S, Meder JF, Oppenheim C, Chiron C, Chassoux F. Modulation of encoding and retrieval by recollection and familiarity: mapping the medial temporal lobe networks. Neuroimage 2011; 58:1131-8. [PMID: 21763430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures are crucial for episodic memory. However, it remains unclear how these structures are involved in encoding and retrieval processes as a function of recollection and familiarity. To better elucidate MTL organization of these two processes, we implemented an fMRI protocol in which both encoding and retrieval of words were scanned in 21 healthy adults. During encoding, subjects were requested to bind each word to an emotional context (pleasant or unpleasant). Retrieval consisted of a Remember/Know procedure in two stages: first, subjects had to recognize the word, followed by the retrieval of the associated emotional context. fMRI data were reported in eight manually delineated MTL regions of interest (in the head, body and tail of the hippocampus, the entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, the amygdala and the temporopolar cortex). Results obtained in 19 subjects showed four MTL patterns of activity consisting in activations of parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus in episodic encoding and retrieval and perirhinal cortex involvement in familiarity. These results are in line with the Binding of Item and Context (BIC) model predictions. Additionally, some new findings specified the familiarity MTL neural substrate by showing precise entorhinal activations during retrieval of familiar words, as well as hippocampal and amygdala deactivations in encoding of these words. Finally, we emphasize that among all four memory processes, episodic retrieval (recollection effect) was the only one eliciting strong bilateral activations in all MTL structures. These results should be considered for future studies on MTL dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée de Vanssay-Maigne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Persistent déjà vu associated with hyperperfusion in the entorhinal cortex. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:196-9. [PMID: 21555251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Déjà vu is a common experience among the normal population. However, in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, it often occurs as a seizure manifestation. The specific cause of such déjà vu is not yet known. Here, we report a case of epilepsy with persistent déjà vu. The patient described the state as if he were living the same life he had lived before. Blood perfusion single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed during the persistent déjà vu showed hyperperfusion in the left medial temporal area; discontinuation of déjà vu was accompanied by disappearance of the hyperperfused area on SPECT. Analysis with three-dimensional co-registration of SPECT and MRI revealed that the hyperperfused area during the persistent déjà vu was in the entorhinal cortex of the left temporal lobe. According to recent theories of recognition memory, malfunction of the parahippocampal area may cause déjà vu. It is also suggested that epileptic activity in the parahippocampal area, especially the entorhinal cortex, may elicit déjà vu.
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Dubrey SW, Abdel-Gadir A, Rakowicz WP. Childhood febrile convulsions and déjà vu in adulthood. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2011; 72:232-3. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2011.72.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amna Abdel-Gadir
- Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon Hospital, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3NN
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47
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Tramoni E, Felician O, Barbeau EJ, Guedj E, Guye M, Bartolomei F, Ceccaldi M. Long-term consolidation of declarative memory: insight from temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 2011; 134:816-31. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Performance in recognition memory is correlated with entorhinal/perirhinal interictal metabolism in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 19:612-7. [PMID: 21035404 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the hippocampus, the entorhinal/perirhinal cortices are often involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It has been proposed that these anterior parahippocampal structures play a key role in recognition memory. We studied the voxel-based PET correlation between number of correctly recognized targets in a new recognition memory paradigm and interictal cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, in 15 patients with TLE with hippocampal sclerosis. In comparison to healthy subjects, patients had decreased recognition of targets (P<0.001) and ipsilateral hypometabolism (relative to side of hippocampal sclerosis) of the hippocampus, entorhinal/perirhinal cortices, medial temporal pole, and middle temporal gyrus (P<0.05, corrected by false discovery rate method). Performance correlated with interictal metabolism of ipsilateral entorhinal/perirhinal cortices (P<0.005, Spearman's rank test), but this relationship was not significant in the hippocampus itself (P>0.18, Spearman's rank test). These findings highlight the preferential involvement of entorhinal/perirhinal cortices in recognition memory in patients with TLE, and suggest that recognition memory paradigms may be useful in assessing anterior parahippocampal functional status in TLE.
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