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Timmerman RBW, Resch C, Hurks PM, Wassenberg R, Hendriksen JGM. Psychometric properties of the Children's Time Awareness Questionnaire (CTAQ): A study on the validity of a Dutch 20-item questionnaire measuring time awareness in children. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024; 13:316-324. [PMID: 36803088 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2177855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the validity of Children's Time Awareness Questionnaire (CTAQ), a 20-item task for assessing children's time awareness. The CTAQ was administered to a group of typically developing children (n = 107) and children with any developmental problems reported by parents (non-typically developing children, n = 28), aged 4-8 years old. We found some support for a one-factor structure (EFA), yet the explained variance is relatively low (21%). Our proposed structure of two additional subscales, i.e., "time words" and "time estimation," was not supported by (confirmatory and exploratory) factor analyses. In contrast, exploratory factor analyses (EFA) indicated a six-factor structure, which needs further investigation. We found low, yet non-significant correlations between CTAQ scales and caregiver reports on children's time awareness, planning and impulsivity, and no significant correlations between CTAQ scales and scores on cognitive performance tasks. As expected, we found that older children have higher CTAQ scores than younger children. Non typically developing children had lower scores on CTAQ scales, compared to typically developing children. The CTAQ has sufficient internal consistency. The CTAQ has potential to measure time awareness, future research is indicated to further develop the CTAQ and enhance clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisy B W Timmerman
- Department of Medical Psychology, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Resch
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychofarmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Hurks
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychofarmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Wassenberg
- Department of Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Centre for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Yu X, Lu C, Ma Y, Huang L, Wu C. An indicator of the view of time passing: the development and validation of the metacognitive knowledge of time passing scale (MKTPS) in Chinese college students. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1364166. [PMID: 39220399 PMCID: PMC11362133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1364166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
How we view the passage of past time determines how we face time itself as well as our futures, which has a strong impact particularly during the highly creative and malleable college years. Chinese culture cherishes time deeply, and for centuries there has been a tradition of "educating children and youth to inspect the passage of time." However, in today's age of information and intelligence, time has shown a trend toward fragmentation. How do contemporary Chinese college students view the passage of time, and what structures or content does it contain? The answer to this question remains uncertain, necessitating further exploration. Following Flavell's theory of metacognitive knowledge (MK), we adopted a semi-structured interview method and used the results to first outline the basic structure of Chinese college students' view of time passing, identifying four major aspects: priming aftereffect, life touching, positive promotion, and negative inhibition. Then, using the initial four-dimensional structure as a starting point, we developed the Metacognitive Knowledge of Time Passing Scale (MKTPS), and carried out exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test its fit. The results showed that the four-factor scale and its 22 items had a good fit to the data. Third, the reliability and validity of the self-developed scale were tested. The results show that the internal consistency, split-half, and retest reliability of the MKTPS are good (all rs > 0.60). The construct validity of the MKTPS is also good (r between subscales is 0.33-0.60, r between subscales and total scale is 0.64-0.87), the convergent validity with Zimbardo's negative past time perspective is high (r = 0.37), and the discriminant validity with Zimbardo's future time perspective is significant (r = 0.18). Regarding criterion correlation validity, the total scores of the MKTPS have a significantly higher positive correlation with those of the time management disposition (TMD) scale (r = 0.45). Future points for studying the view of time passing in adults of all ages and across cultures field and shortcomings of the current study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xide Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Student Affairs Office, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaju Ma
- College of Education Science, Weinan Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Student Counselor Work Center, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Student Counselor Work Center, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Buzi G, Eustache F, Droit-Volet S, Desaunay P, Hinault T. Towards a neurodevelopmental cognitive perspective of temporal processing. Commun Biol 2024; 7:987. [PMID: 39143328 PMCID: PMC11324894 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to organize and memorize the unfolding of events over time is a fundamental feature of cognition, which develops concurrently with the maturation of the brain. Nonetheless, how temporal processing evolves across the lifetime as well as the links with the underlying neural substrates remains unclear. Here, we intend to retrace the main developmental stages of brain structure, function, and cognition linked to the emergence of timing abilities. This neurodevelopmental perspective aims to untangle the puzzling trajectory of temporal processing aspects across the lifetime, paving the way to novel neuropsychological assessments and cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buzi
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, UMR 6024, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Desaunay
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Hinault
- Inserm, U1077, EPHE, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, PSL Université Paris, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France.
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4
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Cantarella G, Mioni G, Bisiacchi PS. Young adults and multisensory time perception: Visual and auditory pathways in comparison. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:1386-1399. [PMID: 37674041 PMCID: PMC11093818 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain continuously encodes information about time, but how sensorial channels interact to achieve a stable representation of such ubiquitous information still needs to be determined. According to recent research, children show a potential interference in multisensory conditions, leading to a trade-off between two senses (sight and audition) when considering time-perception tasks. This study aimed to examine how healthy young adults behave when performing a time-perception task. In Experiment 1, we tested the effects of temporary sensory deprivation on both visual and auditory senses in a group of young adults. In Experiment 2, we compared the temporal performances of young adults in the auditory modality with those of two samples of children (sighted and sighted but blindfolded) selected from a previous study. Statistically significant results emerged when comparing the two pathways: young adults overestimated and showed a higher sensitivity to time in the auditory modality compared to the visual modality. Restricting visual and auditory input did not affect their time sensitivity. Moreover, children were more accurate at estimating time than young adults after a transient visual deprivation. This implies that as we mature, sensory deprivation does not constitute a benefit to time perception, and supports the hypothesis of a calibration process between senses with age. However, more research is needed to determine how this calibration process affects the developmental trajectories of time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cantarella
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
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Honma M, Terao Y. Modulation of time in Parkinson's disease: a review and perspective on cognitive rehabilitation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1379496. [PMID: 38686125 PMCID: PMC11056500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1379496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Time cognition is an essential function of human life, and the impairment affects a variety of behavioral patterns. Neuropsychological approaches have been widely demonstrated that Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs time cognitive processing. Many researchers believe that time cognitive deficits are due to the basal ganglia, including the striatum or subthalamic nucleus, which is the pathomechanism of PD, and are considered to produce only transient recovery due to medication effects. In this perspective, we focus on a compensatory property of brain function based on the improved time cognition independent of basal ganglia recovery and an overlapping structure on the neural network based on an improved inhibitory system by time cognitive training, in patients with PD. This perspective may lead to restoring multiple functions through single function training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu X, Liu J, Lin Y, Chen X, Lu C. The metacognitive experience of time passing in Chinese college students: scale development, structure verification, and influencing factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180863. [PMID: 37448714 PMCID: PMC10338092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of time passing (ETP) is also the consciousness of the progress of life. ETP contributes to time regulation and life management, which basically conforms to the metacognitive theory. Also, the traditional Chinese cultural approach to time emphasizes ETP. It is an indispensable part of Chinese education and culture to strengthen one's appreciation of time by emphasizing the passage of time. In combination with the above two points, ETP equals metacognitive experience of time passing (METP) to a certain extent. However, we currently know little about the connotations of METP. To better understand traditional Chinese time culture, and referring to the concept of metacognition and model of time experience as proposed by Western scholars, the current study combined the results of open and semi-structured interviews, to explore the structure of METP in Chinese college students and developed a questionnaire with which to measure it. Using convenience sampling, 2,876 college students were recruited, the interview, and the reliability and validity tests were carried out. Five hundred and seventy-nine college students were tested a second time to investigate the correlation validity between METP and Ruminative Responses, time attitude, and meaning in life. The results led to the development of the METP Scale which contains 15 items and assesses two factors: ruminative and emotional experience of time passing. The two-factor model was well fitted, and invariable in measurements across gender, grade, and major. The internal consistency coefficients of the scale and its two factors ranged from 0.82 to 0.89, the half-point reliability between 0.76 and 0.88, and the retest reliability ranged from 0.77 to 0.78. METP Scale has good correlation validity, meanwhile, the results of regression analysis showed that symptom rumination, positive past, negative present, positive future, and searching for meaning in life significantly predict the intensity of METP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xide Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiafan Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaohui Lin
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianli Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Student Affairs Office, Guangzhou South College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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7
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Cognitive and plastic recurrent neural network clock model for the judgment of time and its variations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3852. [PMID: 36890223 PMCID: PMC9995505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study in the field of computational neurosciences was to simulate and predict inter-individual variability in time judgements with different neuropsychological properties. We propose and test a Simple Recurrent Neural Network-based clock model that is able to account for inter-individual variability in time judgment by adding four new components into the clock system: the first relates to the plasticity of the neural system, the second to the attention allocated to time, the third to the memory of duration, and the fourth to the learning of duration by iteration. A simulation with this model explored its fit with participants' time estimates in a temporal reproduction task undertaken by both children and adults, whose varied cognitive abilities were assessed with neuropsychological tests. The simulation successfully predicted 90% of temporal errors. Our Cognitive and Plastic RNN-Clock model (CP-RNN-Clock), that takes into account the interference arising from a clock system grounded in cognition, was thus validated.
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Kent L, Nelson B, Northoff G. Can disorders of subjective time inform the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders? A transdiagnostic taxonomy of time. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:231-243. [PMID: 36935204 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Time is a core aspect of psychopathology with potential for clinical use and early intervention. Temporal experience, perception, judgement and processing are distorted in various psychiatric disorders such as mood (depression and mania), anxiety, autistic, impulse-control, dissociative and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Can these disorders of time be used as early diagnostic or predictive markers? To answer this question, we develop a Transdiagnostic Taxonomy of (disordered) Time (TTT) that maps on to the symptomatological, phenomenal, perceptual and functional descriptions of each underlying disorder in a 2 × 2 × 2 state space. Temporal distortions may precede functional decline, and so assist efforts at early detection and intervention in at-risk groups. METHOD Firstly, this article integrates a psychological model of how time is processed with a subjective or phenomenological model of how time is experienced or perceived. Secondly, the integrated combined model of time is then used to heuristically map major psychiatric disorders on to the basic elements of temporal flow and integration. RESULTS The TTT systematically describes the basic temporal nature of eight diagnostic categories of psychiatric illness. It differentiates between diagnoses primarily associated with distorted "macro-level" phenomenal temporal experiences (i.e. anxiety, dissociation/PTSD, depression, and mania) from those primarily related to distorted 'micro-level' temporal processing (i.e. psychotic, impulse-control, autistic and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders). CONCLUSIONS The TTT allows differential diagnostic classification of various psychiatric disorders in terms of a possible underlying time disorder, making it useful for future diagnostic and predictive purposes using novel techniques of temporal processing, time perception, passage of time, and time perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Kent
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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How many seconds was that? Teaching children about time does not refine their ability to track durations. Cognition 2023; 235:105410. [PMID: 36848703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Over development, children acquire symbols to represent abstract concepts such as time and number. Despite the importance of quantity symbols, it is unknown how acquiring these symbols impacts one's ability to perceive quantities (i.e., nonsymbolic representations). While it has been proposed that learning symbols shapes nonsymbolic quantitative abilities (i.e., the refinement hypothesis), this hypothesis has been understudied, especially in the domain of time. Moreover, the majority of research in support of this hypothesis has been correlational in nature, and thus, experimental manipulations are critical for determining whether this relation is causal. In the present study, kindergarteners and first graders (N = 154) who have yet to learn about temporal symbols in school completed a temporal estimation task during which they were either (1) trained on temporal symbols and effective timing strategies ("2 s" and counting on the beat), (2) trained on temporal symbols only ("2 s"), or (3) participated in a control training. Children's nonsymbolic and symbolic timing abilities were assessed before and after training. Results revealed a correlation between children's nonsymbolic and symbolic timing abilities at pre-test (when controlling for age), indicating this relation exists prior to formal classroom instruction on temporal symbols. Notably, we found no support for the refinement hypothesis, as learning temporal symbols did not impact children's nonsymbolic timing abilities. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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10
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Effect of food cues on time perception: influence of calories and diet control. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20342. [PMID: 36434088 PMCID: PMC9700849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence on individuals' time perception of observing a range of foods differing in calorific content. In a first experiment, 92 adult participants performed a temporal bisection task with stimulus durations presented in the form of high- or low-calorie food pictures as well as matched non-food control pictures. In a second experiment, 102 participants performed a strict replication of Experiment 1, without the low-calorie pictures condition as it showed less pronounced effects. Across the two experiments, the data revealed common results. An overestimation of time was observed in relation to high-calorie food pictures when compared with non-food pictures (Experiment 2), and the effect was a function of participants' diet control (Experiments 1 & 2). Contrary to our hypothesis, the more the participants reported controlling their diet, the less they overestimated the time when presented with food stimuli. The participants who controlled their diet reported being less aroused by the high-calorie food pictures, allowing the assumption that the modulation in time overestimation relies on the arousal response generated by high-calorie food pictures.
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11
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A Behavioral Approach to the Human Understanding of Time: Relational Frame Theory and Temporal Relational Framing. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-022-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Seesjärvi E, Puhakka J, Aronen ET, Hering A, Zuber S, Merzon L, Kliegel M, Laine M, Salmi J. EPELI: a novel virtual reality task for the assessment of goal-directed behavior in real-life contexts. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022:10.1007/s00426-022-01770-z. [PMID: 36418557 PMCID: PMC10366028 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA recently developed virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), quantifies goal-directed behavior in naturalistic conditions. Participants navigate a virtual apartment, performing household chores given by a virtual character. EPELI aims to tap attention, executive function, and prospective memory. To ensure its applicability to further research and clinical work and to study its relationship to relevant background factors, we examined several key properties of EPELI in 77 typically developing 9–13-year-old children. These included EPELI’s internal consistency, age and gender differences, sensitivity to gaming experience, head-mounted display (HMD) type, and verbal recall ability, as well as its relationships with parent-rated everyday executive problems. Of the eight EPELI measures, the following six showed acceptable internal consistency: task and navigation efficacy, number of correctly performed tasks and overall actions, time monitoring, and controller movement. Some measures were associated with age, gender, or verbal encoding ability. Moreover, EPELI performance was associated with parent-rated everyday executive problems. There were no significant associations of gaming background, task familiarity, or HMD type with the EPELI measures. These results attest to the reliability and ecological validity of this new virtual reality tool for the assessment of attention, executive functions, and prospective memory in children.
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Qi H, Bi C, Kang Q, Wu Q, Wu D. Far from the Future: Internet Addiction Association with Delay Discounting Among Adolescence. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Amadeo MB, Esposito D, Escelsior A, Campus C, Inuggi A, Pereira Da Silva B, Serafini G, Amore M, Gori M. Time in schizophrenia: a link between psychopathology, psychophysics and technology. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 35961974 PMCID: PMC9374791 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that time processing is altered in patients with schizophrenia. This perspective review delves into such temporal deficit and highlights its link to low-level sensory alterations, which are often overlooked in rehabilitation protocols for psychosis. However, if temporal impairment at the sensory level is inherent to the disease, new interventions should focus on this dimension. Beyond more traditional types of intervention, here we review the most recent digital technologies for rehabilitation and the most promising ones for sensory training. The overall aim is to synthesise existing literature on time in schizophrenia linking psychopathology, psychophysics, and technology to help future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianca Amadeo
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy.
| | - Davide Esposito
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Escelsior
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Campus
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Alberto Inuggi
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Beatriz Pereira Da Silva
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
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15
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Developmental trajectory of time perception from childhood to adolescence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Belluardo M, De Stefani E, Barbot A, Bianchi B, Zannoni C, Ferrari A, Rayson H, Di Nuovo S, Belluardo G, Sessa P, Ferrari PF. Facial Expression Time Processing in Typical Development and in Patients with Congenital Facial Palsy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:516. [PMID: 35624903 PMCID: PMC9138467 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal dynamics of behavior, particularly facial expressions, are fundamental for communication between individuals from very early in development. Facial expression processing has been widely demonstrated to involve embodied simulative processes mediated by the motor system. Such processes may be impaired in patients with congenital facial palsy, including those affected by Moebius syndrome (MBS). The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the role of motor mechanisms in the processing of dynamic facial expression timing by testing patients affected by congenital facial palsy and (b) age-dependent effects on such processing. Accordingly, we recruited 38 typically developing individuals and 15 individuals with MBS, ranging in age from childhood to adulthood. We used a time comparison task where participants were asked to identify which one of two dynamic facial expressions was faster. Results showed that MBS individuals performed worse than controls in correctly estimating the duration of facial expressions. Interestingly, we did not find any performance differences in relation to age. These findings provide further evidence for the involvement of the motor system in processing facial expression duration and suggest that a sensorimotor matching mechanism may contribute to such timing perception from childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Belluardo
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Elisa De Stefani
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.D.S.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Paediatric Neuropsychiatry, Reggio Emilia Hospital, 42019 Scandiano, Italy
| | - Anna Barbot
- Unit of Audiology and Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Bianchi
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Operative Unit, Head and Neck Department, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Zannoni
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Operative Unit, Head and Neck Department, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Holly Rayson
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69675 Bron, France;
| | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
- Italian Association of Psychology (AIP), 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Belluardo
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- EGLE Institute of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Sessa
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrari
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (E.D.S.); (A.F.)
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69675 Bron, France;
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17
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Zhou HY, Yang HX, Wei Z, Wan GB, Lui SSY, Chan RCK. Audiovisual synchrony detection for fluent speech in early childhood: An eye-tracking study. Psych J 2022; 11:409-418. [PMID: 35350086 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During childhood, the ability to detect audiovisual synchrony gradually sharpens for simple stimuli such as flashbeeps and single syllables. However, little is known about how children perceive synchrony for natural and continuous speech. This study investigated young children's gaze patterns while they were watching movies of two identical speakers telling stories side by side. Only one speaker's lip movements matched the voices and the other one either led or lagged behind the soundtrack by 600 ms. Children aged 3-6 years (n = 94, 52.13% males) showed an overall preference for the synchronous speaker, with no age-related changes in synchrony-detection sensitivity as indicated by similar gaze patterns across ages. However, viewing time to the synchronous speech was significantly longer in the auditory-leading (AL) condition compared with that in the visual-leading (VL) condition, suggesting asymmetric sensitivities for AL versus VL asynchrony have already been established in early childhood. When further examining gaze patterns on dynamic faces, we found that more attention focused on the mouth region was an adaptive strategy to read visual speech signals and thus associated with increased viewing time of the synchronous videos. Attention to detail, one dimension of autistic traits featured by local processing, has been found to be correlated with worse performances in speech synchrony processing. These findings extended previous research by showing the development of speech synchrony perception in young children, and may have implications for clinical populations (e.g., autism) with impaired multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Bin Wan
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Hallez Q, Monier F, Droit-Volet S. Simultaneous time processing in children and adults: When attention predicts temporal interference effects. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 210:105209. [PMID: 34166993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Children from 5 to 8 years of age, as well as adults, performed a temporal reproduction task in both a solo-timing condition and a multi-timing condition, with different durations presented simultaneously. In the multi-timing condition, all durations were processed because the participants did not know in advance which stimulus needed to be judged. In a first experiment, two or three durations were presented with a synchrony of their onset. In a second experiment, two durations were presented simultaneously with asynchrony of their offset, different lengths of the concurrent duration, and different presentation orders. In addition, the participants' cognitive abilities in terms of selective attention, as well as short-term and working memory, were assessed with different neuropsychological tests. The results of both experiments showed that children and adults alike were able to process multiple durations simultaneously. However, the simultaneous presentation of different durations generated a temporal interference effect in children and adults, resulting in longer and more variable time estimates. This temporal interference effect was nevertheless higher in children due to their limited attention capacities. Therefore, a developmental improvement in the ability to process different durations simultaneously is related to the cognitive development of attention capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hallez
- Laboratory DIPHE (Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Education), Psychology Institute, University Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - Florie Monier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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19
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Rongo R, Ekberg E, Nilsson IM, Al-Khotani A, Alstergren P, Conti PCR, Durham J, Goulet JP, Hirsch C, Kalaykova SI, Kapos FP, Komiyama O, Koutris M, List T, Lobbezoo F, Ohrbach R, Peck CC, Restrepo C, Rodrigues MJ, Sharma S, Svensson P, Visscher CM, Wahlund K, Michelotti A. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for children and adolescents: An international Delphi study-Part 1-Development of Axis I. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:836-845. [PMID: 33817818 PMCID: PMC8252391 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Since in children and adolescence prevalence is assessed mainly on self‐reported or proxy‐reported signs and symptoms; there is a need to develop a more comprehensive standardised process for the collection of clinical information and the diagnosis of TMD in these populations. Objective To develop new instruments and to adapt the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for the evaluation of TMD in children and adolescents. Method A modified Delphi method was used to seek international consensus among TMD experts. Fourteen clinicians and researchers in the field of oro‐facial pain and TMD worldwide were invited to participate in a workshop initiated by the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM scientific network) at the General Session of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR, London 2018), as the first step in the Delphi process. Participants discussed the protocols required to make physical diagnoses included in the Axis I of the DC/TMD. Thereafter, nine experts in the field were added, and the first Delphi round was created. This survey included 60 statements for Axis I, and the experts were asked to respond to each statement on a five‐item Likert scale ranging from ‘Strongly disagree’ to ‘Strongly agree’. Consensus level was set at 80% agreement for the first round, and at 70% for the next. Results After three rounds of the Delphi process, a consensus among TMD experts was achieved and two adapted DC/TMD protocols for Axis I physical diagnoses for children and adolescents were developed. Conclusion Through international consensus among TMD experts, this study adapted the Axis I of the DC/TMD for use in evaluating TMD in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rongo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, School of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - EwaCarin Ekberg
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ing-Marie Nilsson
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center for Oral Rehabilitation, FTV Östergötland, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Amal Al-Khotani
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Sweden.,East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Per Alstergren
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Sweden.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Conti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Bauru Orofacial Pain Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Justin Durham
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Goulet
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stanimira I Kalaykova
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Flavia P Kapos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Osamu Komiyama
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Michail Koutris
- Department of Orofacial pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas List
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Sweden
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christopher C Peck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Maria Joao Rodrigues
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sonia Sharma
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter Svensson
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Sweden.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Corine M Visscher
- Department of Orofacial pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Wahlund
- Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ambra Michelotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, School of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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De la Charie A, Delteil F, Labrell F, Colas P, Vigneras J, Câmara-Costa H, Mikaeloff Y. Time knowledge impairments in children with ADHD. Arch Pediatr 2020; 28:129-135. [PMID: 33358371 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown time perception impairment and reaction time (RT) variability in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and have discussed the causes of such difficulties. However, very few studies have investigated time knowledge (i.e., the correct representation and use of time units) in children with ADHD. METHODS We evaluated time knowledge in 33 children with ADHD, aged 8-12 years, who had consulted a reference center for learning disabilities in Paris, matched for age and gender with 33 typically developing (TD) children. We used a simple questionnaire-based survey and neuropsychological tests for cognitive and attentional skills. RESULTS The acquisition of time knowledge was delayed in children with ADHD compared with TD children (P<0.01). At the end of primary school, children with ADHD obtained time knowledge scores that were close to those of TD children at the beginning of primary school. In children with ADHD, time knowledge was significantly related to the working memory index (P<0.05), but not to ADHD presentation (with or without hyperactivity). CONCLUSION This study shows time knowledge impairment in children with ADHD, and paves the way for new screening tests and rehabilitation focused on time knowledge and time-related skills, in order to improve patient care and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De la Charie
- Centre de référence des troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CRTLA), hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - F Delteil
- Centre de référence des troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CRTLA), hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm, CESP (U1178), faculté de médecine, university Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine-UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - F Labrell
- Inserm, CESP (U1178), faculté de médecine, university Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine-UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSHEA (national higher institute for training and research on special needs education), Grhapes (EA 7287), Suresnes, France
| | - P Colas
- Centre de référence des troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CRTLA), hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J Vigneras
- Centre de référence des troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CRTLA), hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - H Câmara-Costa
- Inserm, CESP (U1178), faculté de médecine, university Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine-UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Y Mikaeloff
- Centre de référence des troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CRTLA), hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm, CESP (U1178), faculté de médecine, university Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine-UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
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21
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Kunchulia M, Parkosadze K, Thomaschke R. School-age children can form time-based event expectancy for context-atypical foreperiods. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2020.1855188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kunchulia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Khatuna Parkosadze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Roland Thomaschke
- Time, Interaction, and Self-determination Group, at the Cognition, Action and Sustainability Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Graziola F, Pellorca C, Di Criscio L, Vigevano F, Curatolo P, Capuano A. Impaired Motor Timing in Tourette Syndrome: Results From a Case-Control Study in Children. Front Neurol 2020; 11:552701. [PMID: 33192986 PMCID: PMC7658319 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.552701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is very frequent in the pediatric population as well as the presence of an impairment of the executive functions. The aim of our study was to investigate motor timing, that is, the temporal organization of motor behavior, in a pediatric population of Tourette patients. Thirty-seven Tourette patients (divided in 22 “pure” Tourette patients and 15 with ADHD) were compared with 22 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects. All subjects underwent a neuropsychiatric screening and were tested for their planning and decision-making abilities by using a standardized test, such as Tower of London (ToL). Two experimental paradigms were adopted: finger-tapping test (FTT), a free motor tapping task, and synchronization–continuation task. An accuracy index was calculated as measure of ability of synchronization. We found that “pure” TS as well as TS+ADHD showed lower scores in the FTT for the dominant and non-dominant hands than controls. Moreover, in the synchronization and continuation test, we observed an overall lack of accuracy in both TS groups in the continuation phase for 2,000 ms (supra-second interval), interestingly, with opposite direction of accuracy index. Thus, “pure” TS patients were classified as “behind the beat,” whereas, TS+ADHD as “ahead of the beat.” The performance in the finger tapping was inversely correlated to ToL total scores and execution time, whereas we did not find any correlation with the accuracy index of the synchronization and continuation test. In conclusion, here, we explored motor timing ability in a childhood cohort of Tourette patients, confirming that patients exhibit an impaired temporal control of motor behavior and these findings may be explained by the common underlying neurobiology of TS and motor timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Graziola
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pellorca
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Criscio
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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23
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Rattat AC, Collié I. Duration judgments in children and adolescents with and without mild intellectual disability. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05514. [PMID: 33294668 PMCID: PMC7683311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the ability to measure time correctly is crucial for adaptation to the external physical and social environment, to date, research on timing ability and its development in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is unfortunately remarkably scarce. AIMS In the present study, we investigated the ability of individuals with mild ID to estimate durations and the development of this ability from 11 to 19 years, in comparison to typically developing (TD) individuals. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants with mild ID and TD participants matched on chronological age completed two temporal tasks: (1) a temporal bisection of auditory stimuli, in which they had to decide whether arbitrary stimulus duration was more similar to the short (200 ms) or the long (800 ms) standard previously learned, and (2) a temporal categorization of familiar actions, in which short, medium or long target durations had to be paired with one of three comparison action durations. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Temporal performance was systematically impaired in participants with mild ID. Moreover, the temporal impairment increased with age in the bisection task but not in the categorization task. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that the ability to estimate durations develops at a slower pace in individuals with mild ID compared to TD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Rattat
- Sciences of Cognition, Technology and Ergonomics (SCoTE) Laboratory, Champollion National University Institute, Toulouse University, Albi, France
| | - Isabelle Collié
- Medico-Educational Institute - Autan Val Fleuri, Toulouse, France
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24
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Katsikogianni E, Schweigert-Gabler S, Krisam J, Orhan G, Bissar A, Lux CJ, Schmitter M, Giannakopoulos NN. Diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders for children aged 8-12 years. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 48:18-27. [PMID: 32997826 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Objective of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is sufficient for use among schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. METHODS This prospective cohort study on diagnostic accuracy with calibrated examiners was conducted among 533 children of both sexes aged 8-12 years, with and without TMD symptoms, selected randomly from the Rhein-Neckar district. Self-reporting of non-dental facial pain was used as the reference standard, against which we calculated the following for the pain-related items of the DC/TMD (index test): sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, accuracy and 95% Wilson Score confidence intervals. We also calculated the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve displaying sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Our final sample consisted of 282 children, half of whom reported having facial pain and 3.2% reported sounds from the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Despite high specificity (90.78%; 95% confidence interval (CI): [84.86%; 94.53%]), sensitivity of the adapted DC/TMD for pain on maximum jaw opening was poor (37.59%; 95% CI: [30.02%; 45.81%]). For pain on palpation, more similar values were recorded for sensitivity (74.47%; 95% CI: [66.69%; 80.95%]) and specificity (70.21%; 95% CI: [62.21%; 77.14%]). The diagnostic odds ratio was >1 for both examinations. The AUROC for pain on opening was 68.39% (95% CI: [62.62%; 74.16%]), and for pain on palpation, it was 74.63% (95% CI: [69.45%; 79.81%]), whereas the combination of both resulted to an AUROC of 74.09% (95% CI: [68.96%; 79.21%]). It was not possible to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the DC/TMD regarding TMJ sounds or jaw-opening limitations, as they occurred too rarely in our sample. CONCLUSION In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of the DC/TMD for TMD-related pain in children was lower than that recorded for adults in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Katsikogianni
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Krisam
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gül Orhan
- Private Orthodontic Office, Mosbach, Germany
| | - Abdul Bissar
- Regional Coordinator Special Smiles SO Baden-Württemberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Health Department, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lux
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitter
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Dellatolas G, Câmara-Costa H. The role of cerebellum in the child neuropsychological functioning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:265-304. [PMID: 32958180 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter proposes a review of neuropsychologic and behavior findings in pediatric pathologies of the cerebellum, including cerebellar malformations, pediatric ataxias, cerebellar tumors, and other acquired cerebellar injuries during childhood. The chapter also contains reviews of the cerebellar mutism/posterior fossa syndrome, reported cognitive associations with the development of the cerebellum in typically developing children and subjects born preterm, and the role of the cerebellum in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and developmental dyslexia. Cognitive findings in pediatric cerebellar disorders are considered in the context of known cerebellocerebral connections, internal cellular organization of the cerebellum, the idea of a universal cerebellar transform and computational internal models, and the role of the cerebellum in specific cognitive and motor functions, such as working memory, language, timing, or control of eye movements. The chapter closes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive affective syndrome as it has been described in children and some conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dellatolas
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Câmara-Costa
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes en Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris, France
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Individual differences in sensory integration predict differences in time perception and individual levels of schizotypy. Conscious Cogn 2020; 84:102979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rattat AC, Chevalier N. The Different Contribution of Executive Control to Temporal Comparison and Reproduction in Children and Adults. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2020.1802278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Behm DG, Carter TB. Effect of Exercise-Related Factors on the Perception of Time. Front Physiol 2020; 11:770. [PMID: 32733275 PMCID: PMC7357302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of time whether considered through the lenses of physics or physiology is a relative measure. Alterations in time perception can have serious implications in sport, fitness and work. Accurate perception of time is an important skill with many time constrained sports (i.e., basketball, North American football, tennis, gymnastics, figure skating, ice hockey, and others), and work environments (i.e., workers who need to synchronize their actions such as police and military). In addition, time distortions may play a role in exercise adherence. Individuals may be disinclined to continue with healthy, exercise activities that seem protracted (time dilation). Two predominant theories (scalar expectancy theory and striatal beat frequency model) emphasize the perception of the number of events in a period and the role of neurotransmitters in activating and coordinating cortical structures, respectively. A number of factors including age, sex, body temperature, state of health and fitness, mental concentration and exercise intensity level have been examined for their effect on time perception. However, with the importance of time perception for work, sport and exercise, there is limited research on this area. Since work, sports, and exercise can involve an integration of many of these aforementioned factors, they are interventions that need further investigations. The multiplicity of variables involved with work, sport, and exercise offer an underdeveloped but fruitful field for future research. Thus, the objective of this review was to examine physiological and psychological factors affecting human perception of time and the mechanisms underlying time perception and distortion with activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tori B Carter
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Landau DH, Hasler BS, Friedman D. Virtual Embodiment Using 180° Stereoscopic Video. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1229. [PMID: 32733304 PMCID: PMC7358537 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most exciting possibilities of virtual reality is inducing in participants the illusion of owning a virtual body. This has become an established methodological paradigm allowing the study of the psychological and neural correlates of various scenarios that are impossible in the real world, such as gender or age switching. Thus far, full-body ownership illusions have been implemented by using real-time body tracking and avatars based on computer-generated imagery (CGI). We propose an alternative technique to induce perceived ownership over a (photorealistic) virtual body using 180° stereoscopic video, synchronous touch, and narration. We describe the technical components of our novel technique and an example implementation as part of a science-art project that enables participants to experience virtual bodies of different ages, and present the results of an experimental evaluation study based on this experience. Consistent with previous virtual embodiment studies using CGI-based techniques, we found that participants accept a photorealistic virtual body as their own irrespective of its appearance as indicated by similar ratings of the strength of body ownership over a virtual body of a child versus an adult. We further show that our novel technique can alter participants' cognition in accordance with the characteristics of their virtual body. Specifically, young adult participants who were embodied in the virtual body of a child significantly overestimated the duration of the virtual reality experience compared to a control group who was embodied in a virtual body of their own age. This finding corresponds to chronological age differences in time estimations and extends previous research on virtual child embodiment. Overall, these findings provide initial evidence for the potential of our novel technique to create photorealistic embodiment experiences with comparable psychological effects as have been found using CGI-based techniques while reducing the costs and technical complexity in the production and application of virtual body ownership illusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Landau
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Media, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Béatrice S. Hasler
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Doron Friedman
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
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Hallett D, Fitzpatrick CL, Bakhtiar A, Clements J, Carter E, Thorpe CM. Daily Time-Place Learning in Young Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2020; 181:278-292. [PMID: 32292130 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1742643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pre-school children find it difficult to correctly report if it is morning or afternoon. The present study tested whether children could learn a non-verbal Time-Place Learning (TPL) task that depended on time of day. Twenty-five 4-year-olds were repeatedly asked to find a toy in one of two boxes. Children in the Cued condition were told the toy was in one box in the morning and in another box in the afternoon. Children in the Not Cued condition were told the toy was sometimes in one box and sometimes in the other box. After 80 trials, children were asked if it was morning or afternoon. About 65% of the children learned the TPL task, and about three-quarters of the children verbally identified if it was morning or afternoon. However, the children who learned the TPL task were not necessarily the children who correctly answered whether it was morning or afternoon, and those in the Cued condition were no more likely to solve the task than those in the Not Cued condition. The implication is that children have a sense of time that can be used to solve spatio-temporal contingencies, but does not depend on the verbal understanding of time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Hallett
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Cheryll L Fitzpatrick
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Aishah Bakhtiar
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Joy Clements
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Erin Carter
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Christina M Thorpe
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Psychology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Restrepo CC, Suarez N, Moratto N, Manrique R. Content and construct validity of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I for children. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:809-819. [PMID: 32118309 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the content and construct validation of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I, for children 7-11 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Delphi process was used to perform the content validity of the DC/TMD Axis I. One hundred eighty-nine 7- to 11-year-old children were assessed with the adapted instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to investigate construct validity of the DC/TMD for children. A baseline one-factor model was compared against a two-factor (Model 2) and a seven-factor (Model 3) models based on the original DC/TMD. Root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), chi-square, change in chi-square and Cronbach's α were used to analyse the data. All analyses were performed in STATA© version 13.0. RESULTS Items of the DC/TMD were reduced, "history time" was changed to 2 weeks, pain intensity was assessed through a face scale, and language was adapted to be better understood by children. The amount of muscle pressure was maintained as in the original DC/TMD Axis I. The CFA led to a two- and a seven-factor model, with good fit. The internal consistency of Model 2 was .91 and of Model 3, .94. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence to support a seven-factor representation of the DC/TMD Axis I for 7- to 11-year-old children, as well as a two-factor structure. Such findings will begin to provide researchers with confidence in the properties of this instrument when considering its inclusion in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Suarez
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nadia Moratto
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rubén Manrique
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
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Labrell F, Câmara Costa H, Perdry H, Dellatolas G. The Time Knowledge Questionnaire for children. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03331. [PMID: 32072043 PMCID: PMC7011039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a definition of time knowledge as the correct representation and use of the various time units, a validated questionnaire, the Time Knowledge Questionnaire (TKQ) has been developed with norms for typically developing children aged 6–11 years. The TKQ is a relatively short (10–45 min) and innovative tool, comprising 25 questions broken down into 7 categories. The TKQ has good internal consistency. A total score and two summary scores are provided, assessing conventional time and estimative time respectively. A clinical application of the tool was shown to be of interest for children with disorders or disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Labrell
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm, 94807, Villejuif, France.,Grhapes (EA 7287), INSHEA (national Higher Institute for Training and Research on Special Needs Education), Suresnes, France
| | - H Câmara Costa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - H Perdry
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - G Dellatolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Panfil K, Bailey C, Davis I, Mains A, Kirkpatrick K. A time-based intervention to treat impulsivity in male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112316. [PMID: 31655096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Time-based interventions have emerged as promising treatments for disorders associated with impulsivity. These interventions can be implemented to test their efficacy in preventing or treating impulsive choice in animal models of diseases related to impulsivity such as drug abuse. Impulsive choice is typically defined as choosing a smaller-sooner (SS) reward over a larger-later (LL) reward when the LL is relatively more optimal. Previous research has shown that these interventions promote LL choices in males and females, but sex differences have not been assessed. Because sex differences can complicate the application of therapies, it is critical to compare the effects of the intervention in males and females. The intervention group received exposure to 10-s and 30-s interval schedules, and the control rats received no delay to reward. Different impulsive choice tasks were used to assess the intervention efficacy across the two experiments. Following the intervention, reductions in impulsive choice were found in male and female rats, but the degree of improvement was inconsistent across sex and task. Bayesian analyses that combined the results revealed robust evidence of an overall intervention effect with the intervention group showing greater self-control, but there was no evidence for the intervention affecting males and females differently. Taken together, these results suggest that time-based interventions are effective tools to treat impulsivity in both males and females and offer promising translational capability to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Panfil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States.
| | - Carrie Bailey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States; University of Missouri, KS, United States
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Anne Mains
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
| | - Kimberly Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
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Battistin T, Mioni G, Schoch V, Bisiacchi PS. Comparison of temporal judgments in sighted and visually impaired children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 95:103499. [PMID: 31586849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM We studied visually impaired and blind children to investigate the effects of visual damage on time perception. METHODS Sixty-three children (11 blind, 16 visually impaired, 20 sighted and 16 sighted but blindfolded) performed a temporal bisection task, which consisted of judging different temporal intervals presented in the auditory modality. RESULTS The visually impaired children showed lower constant error than sighted children but higher variability (Weber ratio). The blindfolded children had a temporal estimation comparable to the clinical groups and time sensitivity comparable to the controls. CONCLUSION These findings are interpreted in the light of inter-modality interference, assuming that the coexistence of both sensory modalities, present only in controls, leads to a trade-off between the two senses with an indirect contribution of sight, which does not happen either in the clinical groups or in the blindfolded children, despite the single sensory task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Cainelli E, Mioni G, Boniver C, Bisiacchi PS, Vecchi M. Time perception in childhood absence epilepsy: Findings from a pilot study. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106460. [PMID: 31470222 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With this explorative study, we aimed to examine time perception in children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and to compare those children with a matched control group. The study also investigated the association between the neuropsychological performance of the group with CAE and time judgment. We hypothesize that children with CAE could fail in time perception and that this may be because of a common underlying substrate with executive impairments. METHODS Thirteen children with CAE, aged 6-13 years, and 17 healthy children were recruited. All children performed the time bisection task; the children with CAE also performed a cognitive and neuropsychological assessment. We performed a univariate analysis using each parameter of the bisection task (bisection point [BP]) and Weber ratio (WR) as dependent variables, the group (patients vs. controls) as fixed factors and age at evaluation and vocabulary scores as covariates. In the subgroup of patients, we correlated bisection task parameters with neuropsychological tests using a nonparametric partial correlation; the analysis has corrected for age at evaluation. RESULTS The BP and WR measures differed between controls and patients with CAE. In the subgroup of patients also performing a neuropsychological assessment, we found a correlation between the WR measure and performance on the inhibition test (r = -0.641, p = .025), coding test (r = -0.815, p = .014), and Trail Making Test B (TMT B) (r = 0.72, p = .042). CONCLUSIONS We found an altered time perception in a pilot study of a small group of children with CAE. A neurophysiological mechanism underlying CAE seems to influence cognitive and behavioral deficits and time sensibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cainelli
- Department of Development and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy; Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women's and Children's Health Department, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Clementina Boniver
- Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women's and Children's Health Department, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - Patrizia S Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, PNC.
| | - Marilena Vecchi
- Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women's and Children's Health Department, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy; Neuromotor Rehabilitation Center La Nostra Famiglia Association, Vicenza, Italy.
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Rattat AC, Tartas V. Age-related changes in duration production for familiar actions. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 38:59-73. [PMID: 31556461 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study dealt with an aspect of temporal cognition that is rarely discussed in the literature: the ability to estimate the duration of familiar actions. In everyday life, we often have to process both very short durations (e.g., when we are driving), but we also have to deal with actions or events that last for several minutes or even hours (e.g., watching a film). The aim of our study was to examine whether young children aged six and 9 years and adults are able to estimate the time usually taken by various familiar actions to perform using a production task. More precisely, they were successively presented with photographs of familiar actions that usually take more (e.g., blown a balloon up) or less (e.g., blow a candle out) time to perform. As soon as a photograph was presented on the screen, they have to start estimating the time taken to perform the depicted action and press the space bar when they think that this time has elapsed. Results showed that the 6-year-olds failed to produce longer durations for the long action category than for the short one, unlike the older children and adults. Moreover, for the short action category, increasingly short durations were produced with age. Only the adults produced different durations for different actions belonging to the same category (i.e., short or long). These results are discussed in relation to the development of an event-based system of time that can be used to solve duration tasks. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Young children understand the relative durations of daily actions. There is not any mapping between duration words and approximate durations in young children. Young children have great difficulty in understanding that the same duration can be shared by different actions. What the present study adds? There is a clear improvement with age in the ability to produce the durations of familiar actions. Children can use the event-based system of time they develop to successfully perform duration tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Rattat
- Sciences of Cognition, Technology and Ergonomics (SCoTE) Laboratory, Champollion National University Institute, Toulouse University, Albi, France
| | - Valérie Tartas
- Cognition, Languages, Language & Ergonomics - Work and Cognition Laboratory (CLLE-LTC), University of Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Prepotent response inhibition and temporal perception abilities were explored in a sample of individuals with cerebral palsy relative to typically developing peers. The extent to which inhibitory control difficulties might affect temporal processing was also investigated. For this purpose, two inhibitory control tasks and two duration estimation tasks were given to the groups of cerebral palsy and typically developing children. Results showed inhibition and temporal perception problems in the group with cerebral palsy. A relationship was found between inhibition and temporal estimation performances, which indicates that inhibitory control contributes, at least partially, to acquisition of the temporal processing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Cabezas
- BOBATH Foundation.,National Distance Education University (UNED)
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Zhang X, Zuber S, Zhang J, Ihle A, Kliegel M, Wang L. The influence of ongoing task absorption on preschoolers’ prospective memory with peripheral cues. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1646747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sascha Zuber
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability and NCCR LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability and NCCR LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability and NCCR LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Tobia V, Bonifacci P, Bernabini L, Marzocchi GM. Teachers, not parents, are able to predict time processing skills in preschoolers. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 37:519-534. [PMID: 31264234 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders. Questionnaires for assessing children's sense of time are available from primary school, but we lack valid proxy-report tools for younger children, who are not able to complete self-reports. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a questionnaire investigating preschoolers' sense of time from the points of view of their parents and teachers. One hundred seventy preschoolers were included in the sample. Their parents and teachers completed the Sense of Time Questionnaire, and the children were administered time reproduction and time discrimination tasks, both concurrently and 7 months later. The assessment of preschoolers' sense of time reported by teachers, but not by parents, predicted the children's time processing skills both concurrently and longitudinally. The teacher version of the Sense of Time Questionnaire constitutes a valid instrument for assessing and predicting preschoolers' time processing skills and can be used for clinical and research purposes STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION: What is already known on this subject? Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders such as ADHD and dyscalculia. Early assessment of time processing skills is important for clinical (e.g., screening) and research purposes. We do not have valid questionnaires for assessing sense of time in young children. What the present study adds? The sense of time ability reported by teachers predicts preschoolers' time processing skills. The sense of time ability reported by parents does not predicts preschoolers' time processing skills. The Sense of Time Questionnaire is a valid instrument for investigating time processing skills of 4-6 aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tobia
- Department of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Jacobs-Kayam A, Lev-Wiesel R. In Limbo: Time Perspective and Memory Deficit Among Female Survivors of Sexual Abuse. Front Psychol 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 31068879 PMCID: PMC6491862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide phenomenon with negative outcomes for survivors whose lives and well-being are compromised into adulthood, due to the trauma caused by the abuse. As trauma survivors often report time and space disorientation as well as memory deficit, an attempt was made to further understand these functions in female adults CSA survivors. More specifically, we questioned how they recalled their past; how their past experience interacted with their experience of the present; and how the past abuse affected the way that they viewed the future. A total of 50 adult female CSA survivors' open-ended life story interviews were analyzed utilizing Thematic Content Analysis. In relation to time perception and memory deficit, three main themes emerged: Adrift in time and space; disintegration of body, mind and identity; and chaos, exhaustion, and confusion. These themes were discussed from the conceptual perspective of "captured in a distorted time," which is one of the traumagenic constructs of childhood sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angi Jacobs-Kayam
- The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Lev-Wiesel
- The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Riechmann J, Willems LM, Boor R, Kieslich M, Knake S, Langner C, Neubauer BA, Oberman B, Philippi H, Reese JP, Rochel M, Schubert-Bast S, Seeger J, Seipelt P, Stephani U, Rosenow F, Hamer HM, Strzelczyk A. Quality of life and correlating factors in children, adolescents with epilepsy, and their caregivers: A cross-sectional multicenter study from Germany. Seizure 2019; 69:92-98. [PMID: 31004927 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors correlating with poorer quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with epilepsy and regarding QoL and depression of their caregivers in Germany. METHOD A cross-sectional multicenter study on QoL and depression was performed in two representative German states (Hessen and Schleswig-Holstein). Variance analysis, linear regression, and bivariate correlation were used to identify correlating factors for poorer QoL and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Data from 489 children and adolescents (mean age 10.4 ± 4.2 years, range 0.5-17.8; 54.0% male) and their caregivers were collected. We identified missing seizure freedom (p = 0.046), concomitant diseases (p = 0.007), hospitalization (p = 0.049), recent status epilepticus (p = 0.035), living in a nursing home or with foster parents (p = 0.049), and relevant degree of disability (p = 0.007) to correlate with poorer QoL in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Poorer QoL of caregivers was associated with longer disease duration (p = 0.004), non-idiopathic (mainly structural-metabolic) epilepsy (p = 0.003), ongoing seizures (p = 0.003), concomitant diseases (p = 0.003), relevant disability (p = 0.003), or status epilepticus (p = 0.003) as well as with unemployment of the primary caretaker (p = 0.010). Symptoms of depression of caregivers were associated with non-idiopathic epilepsy (p = 0.003), concomitant diseases (p = 0.003), missing seizure freedom (p = 0.007), status epilepticus (p = 0.004), or a relevant disability (p = 0.004) of their ward. A poorer QoL value of the children and adolescents correlated with a poorer QoL value of the caregivers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Epilepsy shows a considerable impact on QoL and symptoms of depression. Early and effective therapy should focus on reduction of seizure frequency and the probability for developing status epilepticus. Furthermore, comprehensive care should pay attention at comorbidities, consequences of disability and dependency on others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Riechmann
- Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany
| | - Laurent M Willems
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Boor
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Northern German Epilepsy Centre for Children and Adolescents, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Kieslich
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Bernd A Neubauer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bettina Oberman
- Center for Social Pediatrics Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Philippi
- Center for Social Pediatrics and Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic Frankfurt Mitte, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens P Reese
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schubert-Bast
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seeger
- Center for Social Pediatrics and Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic Frankfurt Mitte, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Seipelt
- Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany
| | - Ulrich Stephani
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Northern German Epilepsy Centre for Children and Adolescents, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hajo M Hamer
- Epilepsy Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (Lahn), Germany; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Teghil A, Boccia M, Guariglia C. Field dependence-independence differently affects retrospective time estimation and flicker-induced time dilation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1019-1029. [PMID: 30729268 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Field dependence-independence (FDI) is a stable dimension of individual functioning, transversal to different cognitive domains. While the role of some individual variables in time perception has received considerable attention, it is not clear whether and how FDI influences timing abilities. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that FDI differently affects timing performance depending on whether the task requires cognitive restructuring. Participants were assessed for FDI using the embedded figures test (EFT). They performed a prospective timing task, reproducing the duration of a flickering stimulus, and a retrospective timing task, estimating the duration of the task. We expected performance of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) individuals not to differ in the prospective task, since restructuring of task material is not needed to reproduce the stimulus duration. Conversely, we predicted that FI individuals should be more accurate than FD ones in the retrospective condition, involving restructuring skills. Results show that while both FD and FI individuals under-reproduced the stimulus duration in the prospective task, only FD participants significantly underestimated the duration of the timing task in the retrospective condition. These results suggest that differences across FD and FI individuals are apparent in timing only when the task requires high-level cognitive processing; conversely, these differences do not affect basic sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
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Monier F, Droit-Volet S. Development of sensorimotor synchronization abilities: Motor and cognitive components. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 25:1043-1062. [PMID: 30714466 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1569607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine both the development of sensorimotor synchronization in children in the age range from 5 to 8 years and the involvement of motor and cognitive capacities. Children performed a spontaneous motor tempo task and a synchronization-continuation task using an external auditory stimulus presented at three different inter-stimulus intervals: 500, 700, and 900 ms. Their motor and cognitive abilities (short-term memory, working memory, and attention) were also assessed with various neuropsychological tests. The results showed some developmental changes in synchronization capacities, with the regularity of tapping and the ability to slow down the tapping rate improving with age. The age-related differences in tapping were nevertheless greater in the continuation phase than in the synchronization phase. In addition, the development of motor capacities explained the age-related changes in performance for the synchronization phase and the continuation phase, although working memory capacities were also involved in the interindividual differences in performance in the continuation phase. The continuation phase is thus more cognitively demanding than the synchronization phase. Consequently, the improvement in sensorimotor synchronization during childhood is related to motor development in the case of synchronization but also to cognitive development with regard to the reproduction and maintenance of the rhythm in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Monier
- a Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR , Clermont-Ferrand , France
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44
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Steele CC, Pirkle JRA, Davis IR, Kirkpatrick K. Dietary effects on the determinants of food choice: Impulsive choice, discrimination, incentive motivation, preference, and liking in male rats. Appetite 2019; 136:160-172. [PMID: 30721744 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to understand how long-term exposure to diets high in saturated fat and refined sugar affected impulsive choice behavior, discrimination abilities, incentive motivation, food preferences, and liking of fat and sugar in male rats. The results showed that 8 weeks of dietary exposure impaired impulsive choice behavior; rats exposed to diets high in processed fat or sugar were more sensitive to changes in delay, a marker of impulsivity. For the high-fat group, these deficits in impulsive choice may stem from poor time discrimination, as their performance was impaired on a temporal discrimination task. The high-fat group also showed reduced magnitude sensitivity in the impulsive choice task, and they earned fewer rewards during lever press training indicating potentially reduced incentive motivation. The high-fat group also developed a preference for high-fat foods compared to the chow and high-sugar group who both preferred sugar. In contrast, dietary exposure did not alter the liking of fat or sugar as measured by a taste reactivity task. Together, the results suggest that the alterations in impulsive choice, time discrimination, incentive motivation, and food preferences induced by consumption of a high-fat diet could make individuals vulnerable to overeating, and thus obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Steele
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Jesseca R A Pirkle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ian R Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kimberly Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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45
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Janeslätt G, Ahlström SW, Granlund M. Intervention in time-processing ability, daily time management and autonomy in children with intellectual disabilities aged 10-17 years - A cluster randomised trial. Aust Occup Ther J 2019; 66:110-120. [PMID: 30548268 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Difficulties with management of time are frequently observed in children and youth with intellectual disabilities (IDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate a new intervention programme 'My Time' to improve time-processing ability (TPA) in children with IDs aged 10-17 years (n = 61). METHODS Cluster randomised and waiting-list control group design was used. Data collection included the Kit for assessment of TPA, the Time-Parent scale and a self-rating of autonomy to assess occupational performance in daily life. The method was implemented over an 8-week period. Effect size (ES) was calculated and an analysis of covariance on the individual level and a two-stage process on the cluster level. RESULTS The estimated mean improvement in the KaTid-Child score from baseline (t1) to t2 was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the waiting-list group, ES Cohen's d = 0.64. CONCLUSION The results present first evidence of the effectiveness of a new occupational therapy intervention programme ('My Time') to facilitate TPA in children with mild to moderate IDs. Children with IDs aged 10-17 years could improve their TPA at a measurable pace when given intervention. The method could complement interventions using time-assistive devices. Children with IDs should be identified to guide intervention. Further research is necessary to establish whether using the intervention programme can facilitate the development of TPA in younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Janeslätt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Sara Wallin Ahlström
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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46
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Droit-Volet S, Lorandi F, Coull JT. Explicit and implicit timing in aging. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 193:180-189. [PMID: 30654273 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Explicit and implicit measures of timing were compared between young and older participants. In both tasks, participants were initially familiarized with a reference interval by responding to the second of two beeps separated by a fixed interval. During the subsequent testing phase, this inter-stimulus interval was variable. In the explicit task, participants were instructed to judge interval duration, whereas in the implicit task they were told to respond as quickly as possible to the second beep. Cognitive abilities were assessed with neuropsychological tests. Results showed that in both explicit and implicit timing tasks, temporal performance peaked around the reference interval and did not differ between young and older participants. This indicates an accurate representation of duration that did not decline with normal aging. However, some age-related differences were observed in performance depending on the task used. In the explicit timing task, the variability of duration judgments was greater in older than young participants, though this was directly related to older participants' lower attentional capacity. In the implicit timing task, young participants' reaction times (RTs) were slower to targets appearing either earlier or later than the trained interval. Conversely, while older participants RTs were also slowed by early targets, their RTs to late targets were as fast as those to targets appearing at the trained interval. We hypothesize that with age, and irrespective of cognitive ability, there is increasing reliance on temporal information conveyed by the probability of target appearance as a function of elapsing time ("hazard function") than that conveyed by the statistical likelihood of previously experienced temporal associations.
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47
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Roseboom W, Fountas Z, Nikiforou K, Bhowmik D, Shanahan M, Seth AK. Activity in perceptual classification networks as a basis for human subjective time perception. Nat Commun 2019; 10:267. [PMID: 30655543 PMCID: PMC6336826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being a fundamental dimension of experience, how the human brain generates the perception of time remains unknown. Here, we provide a novel explanation for how human time perception might be accomplished, based on non-temporal perceptual classification processes. To demonstrate this proposal, we build an artificial neural system centred on a feed-forward image classification network, functionally similar to human visual processing. In this system, input videos of natural scenes drive changes in network activation, and accumulation of salient changes in activation are used to estimate duration. Estimates produced by this system match human reports made about the same videos, replicating key qualitative biases, including differentiating between scenes of walking around a busy city or sitting in a cafe or office. Our approach provides a working model of duration perception from stimulus to estimation and presents a new direction for examining the foundations of this central aspect of human experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warrick Roseboom
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Zafeirios Fountas
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2RH, UK
| | | | - David Bhowmik
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2RH, UK
| | - Murray Shanahan
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2RH, UK
- DeepMind, London, N1C 4AG, UK
| | - Anil K Seth
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
- Canadian Insitutute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Azrieli Programme on Brain, Mind, and Consciousness, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Hallez Q, Droit-Volet S. Timing in a dual-task in children and adults: when the interference effect is higher with concurrent non-temporal than temporal information. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1567519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Hallez
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6024, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Droit-Volet
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6024, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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49
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The dynamic effect of context on interval timing in children and adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 192:87-93. [PMID: 30458315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human reproductions of time intervals are often biased toward previously perceived durations, resulting in a central tendency effect. The aim of the current study was to compare this effect of temporal context on time reproductions within children and adults. Children aged from 5 to 7 years, as well as adults, performed a ready-set-go reproduction task with a short and a long duration distribution. A central tendency effect was observed both in children and adults, with no age-difference in the effect of global context on temporal performance. However, the analysis of the effect of local context (trial-by-trial) indicated that younger children relied more on the duration (objective duration) presented in the most recent trial than adults. In addition, statistical analyses of the influence on temporal performance of recently reproduced durations by subjects (subjective duration) revealed that temporal reproductions in adults were influenced by performance drifts, i.e., their evaluation of their temporal error, while children simply relied on the value of reproduced durations on the recent trials. We argue that the central tendency effect was larger in young children due to their noisier internal representation of durations: A noisy system led participants to base their estimation on experienced duration rather than on the evaluation of their judgment.
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50
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Thurley K, Schild U. Time and distance estimation in children using an egocentric navigation task. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18001. [PMID: 30573744 PMCID: PMC6302095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Navigation crucially depends on the capability to estimate time elapsed and distance covered during movement. From adults it is known that magnitude estimation is subject to characteristic biases. Most intriguing is the regression effect (central tendency), whose strength depends on the stimulus distribution (i.e. stimulus range), a second characteristic of magnitude estimation known as range effect. We examined regression and range effects for time and distance estimation in eleven-year-olds and young adults, using an egocentric virtual navigation task. Regression effects were stronger for distance compared to time and depended on stimulus range. These effects were more pronounced in children compared to adults due to a more heterogeneous performance among the children. Few children showed veridical estimations similar to adults; most children, however, performed less accurate displaying stronger regression effects. Our findings suggest that children use magnitude processing strategies similar to adults, but it seems that these are not yet fully developed in all eleven-year-olds and are further refined throughout adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Thurley
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Schild
- Developmental Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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