1
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Ma K, Yang L, Hommel B. The impact of interoceptive accuracy and stimulation type on the out-of-body experience. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:1940-1952. [PMID: 36113171 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221128285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
People tend to perceive a virtual body standing in front of them as their own if it is either stroked or moving synchronously with their own real body-the out-of-body experience (OBE). We combined synchrony manipulation with two other factors of theoretical interest: the kind of stimulation, visuotactile stimuli or visuomotor correlations, being synchronised and the interoceptive accuracy (IA) of participants, assessed by means of the heartbeat counting task. Results showed that explicit measures of embodiment were systematically affected by synchrony, and this synchrony effect was more pronounced for visuomotor than for visuotactile conditions. The walking drift was affected by IA: In visuotactile conditions, the synchrony effect was pronounced in individuals with low IA, presumably reflecting a stronger impact of the visual information. In visuomotor conditions, however, the synchrony effect was stronger in individuals with high IA, presumably reflecting a stronger impact of re-afferent information generated by the participants' own movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- University Neuropsychology Center and Cognitive Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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2
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Wallman-Jones A, Nigg C, Benzing V, Schmidt M. Leave the screen: The influence of everyday behaviors on self-reported interoception. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108600. [PMID: 37286096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physical activity on interoception is apparent, however little is known about within-person variability following physical activity and sedentary behavior in daily life. To test this, 70 healthy adults (Mage 21.67 ± 2.50) wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for 7-days, with self-reported interoception recorded on movement-triggered smartphones. Participants additionally reported the predominant activity type performed across the last 15 min. Investigating this timeframe, multi-level analyses revealed that each one-unit increase in physical activity was associated with an increase in self-reported interoception (B = 0.0025, p = .013), whereas contrastingly, each one-minute increase in sedentary behavior was associated with a decrease (B = -0.06. p = .009). Investigating the influence of different activity types in comparison to screen time behavior, both partaking in exercise (B = 4.48, p < .001) and daily-life physical activity (B = 1.21, p < .001) were associated with an increase in self-reported interoception. Regarding other behavior categories, non-screen time behavior both with (B = 1.13, p < .001) and without (B = 0.67, p = .004) social interaction were also associated with an increase in self-reported interoception compared to screen-time behavior. Extending from previous laboratory-based studies, these findings indicate that physical activity influences interoceptive processes in real-life, further supplemented by the novel and contrasting findings regarding sedentary behavior. Furthermore, associations with activity type reveal important mechanistic information, highlighting the importance of reducing screen-time behavior to preserve and support interoceptive perceptions. Findings can be used to inform health recommendations for reducing screen-time behavior and guiding evidence-based physical activity interventions to promote interoceptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Campos C, Rocha NB, Barbosa F. Dissociating cognitive and affective empathy across psychopathy dimensions: The role of interoception and alexithymia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1082965. [PMID: 37457066 PMCID: PMC10345207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between psychopathy dimensions (triarchic phenotypes and classical factors), empathy domains (cognitive and affective), and interoception (interoceptive attention and accuracy) while accounting for the putative role of alexithymia. A community sample (n = 515) completed an online survey encompassing: Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (boldness, meanness, disinhibition); Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (primary and secondary psychopathy); Body Perception Questionnaire (interoceptive attention); Interoceptive Accuracy Scale; Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Hierarchical linear regression models were implemented for hypothesis-driven analyses examining the associations between psychopathy, empathy, and interoception while controlling for sex, age, and alexithymia. Exploratory path models were employed to investigate alexithymia and/or cognitive empathy as mediators between interoception and psychopathy. Our results largely confirmed the postulated empathy profiles across psychopathy dimensions, as meanness and primary psychopathy displayed a broad empathy impairment, while disinhibition and secondary psychopathy were only associated with diminished cognitive empathy. Importantly, boldness displayed a unique pattern (enhanced cognitive empathy and reduced affective empathy), further reinforcing its importance within the constellation of psychopathy traits. Contrary to our hypotheses, self-perceived interoceptive attention and accuracy were not associated with either psychopathy dimension after controlling for alexithymia. However, interoceptive accuracy and alexithymia were associated with cognitive empathy, while alexithymia was also positively related to all psychopathy dimensions (as expected), despite the unexpected strong and negative association with boldness. Exploratory analyses suggested significant indirect effects (mediation) between interoceptive accuracy and psychopathy via alexithymia and/or cognitive empathy. These mediating effects must be interpreted with caution and future studies should be designed to formally test this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Campos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurocognition Group|LabRP, School of Health, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Polytechnic University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- School of Health, Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, Polytechnic University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Imafuku M, Yoshimoto H, Hiraki K. Infants' interoception is associated with eye contact in dyadic social interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9520. [PMID: 37336917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception, that is, the perception of visceral stimuli, is the basis of socio-emotional development. However, no studies have demonstrated the relationship between the two in infants. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between interoception and social behavior in infants and mothers. Visual preference for cardio-visual synchronous and asynchronous stimuli was assessed using a preferential-looking paradigm in 6-month infants and their mothers. The infant-mother interaction was also measured to assess social behavior, such as eye contact and positive facial expressions. The results showed that infants looked at asynchronous cardio-visual stimuli longer than synchronous cardio-visual stimuli, whereas mothers looked at synchronous cardio-visual stimuli longer than asynchronous cardio-visual stimuli. The proportion of looking time toward asynchronous cardio-visual stimuli in infants was positively correlated with infant-mother gaze and affect (positive facial expression) synchrony. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationship between infants' interoception and eye contact behavior is attributable to mother's positive facial expression. Our findings suggest that in infant-mother interactions, infants' interoception may play a role in eye contact behavior through the mother's positive facial expression, highlighting the importance of infants' interoception on social cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imafuku
- Department of Early Childhood Education and Care, Faculty of Education, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-Machi, Nishitokyo-Shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hiraki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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5
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Campbell MEJ, Sherwell CS, Cunnington R, Brown S, Breakspear M. Reaction Time "Mismatch Costs" Change with the Likelihood of Stimulus-Response Compatibility. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:184-199. [PMID: 36008626 PMCID: PMC9971163 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dyadic interactions require dynamic correspondence between one's own movements and those of the other agent. This mapping is largely viewed as imitative, with the behavioural hallmark being a reaction-time cost for mismatched actions. Yet the complex motor patterns humans enact together extend beyond direct-matching, varying adaptively between imitation, complementary movements, and counter-imitation. Optimal behaviour requires an agent to predict not only what is likely to be observed but also how that observed action will relate to their own motor planning. In 28 healthy adults, we examined imitation and counter-imitation in a task that varied the likelihood of stimulus-response congruence from highly predictable, to moderately predictable, to unpredictable. To gain mechanistic insights into the statistical learning of stimulus-response compatibility, we compared two computational models of behaviour: (1) a classic fixed learning-rate model (Rescorla-Wagner reinforcement [RW]) and (2) a hierarchical model of perceptual-behavioural processes in which the learning rate adapts to the inferred environmental volatility (hierarchical Gaussian filter [HGF]). Though more complex and hence penalized by model selection, the HGF provided a more likely model of the participants' behaviour. Matching motor responses were only primed (faster) in the most experimentally volatile context. This bias was reversed so that mismatched actions were primed when beliefs about volatility were lower. Inferential statistics indicated that matching responses were only primed in unpredictable contexts when stimuli-response congruence was at 50:50 chance. Outside of these unpredictable blocks the classic stimulus-response compatibility effect was reversed: Incongruent responses were faster than congruent ones. We show that hierarchical Bayesian learning of environmental statistics may underlie response priming during dyadic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E J Campbell
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Chase S Sherwell
- School of Education, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Scott Brown
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Schools of Psychological Sciences & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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6
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Uraguchi M, Maulina VVR, Ohira H. Interoceptive accuracy correlates with precision of time perception in the millisecond range. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:993491. [PMID: 36452334 PMCID: PMC9701738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.993491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that accuracy in time perception is related to interoceptive accuracy and vagal activity. However, studies investigating time perception in the supra-second range have provided mixed results, and few studies have investigated the sub-second range. Moreover, there is a lack of studies investigating the relationship between precision in time perception and interoceptive accuracy. A recent meta-analytic review of neuroimaging studies proposed a dynamic interaction between two types of timing processing-an endogenous time keeping mechanism and the use of exogenous temporal cues. Interoceptive accuracy may affect both accuracy and precision of primary temporal representations, as they are generated based on the endogenous time keeping mechanism. Temporal accuracy may vary when adapted to the environmental context. In contrast, temporal precision contains some constant noise, which may maintain the relationship with interoceptive accuracy. Based on these assumptions, we hypothesized that interoceptive accuracy would be associated with temporal precision in the sub-second range, while vagal activity would be associated with temporal accuracy. We used the temporal generalization task, which allowed us to calculate the indices of temporal accuracy and temporal precision in line with the existing research, and also compute the index of participants' sensitivity according to the signal detection theory. Specifically, we investigated whether (1) interoceptive accuracy would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity and (2) resting-state vagal activity would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity. The results indicated that interoceptive accuracy was positively correlated with temporal precision as well as sensitivity, but not with temporal accuracy, in the sub-second range time perception. Vagal activity was negatively correlated only with sensitivity. Furthermore, we found a moderation effect of sensitivity on the relationship between vagal activity and perceived duration, which affected the association between vagal activity and temporal accuracy. These findings suggest the importance of precision as an aspect of time perception, which future studies should further explore in relation to interoception and vagal activity, and of the moderation effects of factors such as participants' sensitivity in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Uraguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Venie Viktoria Rondang Maulina
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hideki Ohira
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Watanuki S. Neural mechanisms of brand love relationship dynamics: Is the development of brand love relationships the same as that of interpersonal romantic love relationships? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984647. [PMID: 36440289 PMCID: PMC9686448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brand love is a relationship between brands and consumers. Managing the relationship is an important issue for marketing strategy since it changes according to temporal flow. Brand love theories, including their dynamics, have been developed based on interpersonal romantic love theories. Although many brand love studies have provided useful findings, the neural mechanism of brand love remains unclear. Especially, its dynamics have not been considered from a neuroscience perspective. The present study addressed the commonalities and differentiations of activated brain regions between brand love and interpersonal romantic love relationships using a quantitative neuroimaging meta-analytic approach, from the view of brain connectivity. Regarding the mental processes of each love relationship related to these activated brain regions, decoding analysis was conducted using the NeuroQuery platform to prevent reverse inference. The results revealed that different neural mechanisms and mental processes were distinctively involved in the dynamics of each love relationship, although the anterior insula overlapped across all stages and the reinforcement learning system was driven between both love relationships in the early stage. Remarkably, regarding the distinctive mental processes, although prosocial aspects were involved in the mental processes of interpersonal romantic love relationships across all stages, they were not involved in the mental processes of brand love relationships. Conclusively, although common brain regions and mental processes between both love relationships were observed, neural mechanisms and mental processes in brand love relationship dynamics might be innately different from those in the interpersonal romantic love relationship dynamics. As this finding indicates essential distinctiveness between both these relationships, theories concerning interpersonal romantic love should be applied cautiously when investigating brand love relationship dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanuki
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Wallman-Jones A, Palser ER, Benzing V, Schmidt M. Acute physical-activity related increases in interoceptive ability are not enhanced with simultaneous interoceptive attention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15054. [PMID: 36064565 PMCID: PMC9445090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception, the sense of the internal body, is proposed to support self-regulation, and consequently influence mental health. Researchers have therefore shown interest in improving the ability to accurately monitor internal signals (i.e., interoceptive accuracy, IAcc). Research suggests that cardiac IAcc is modifiable by both manipulations of interoceptive attention (guided attention towards the internal body), and interoceptive exposure (strategically inducing somatic signals e.g., via physical activity). Whilst successful in isolation, it is unclear whether a combined approach (i.e., directing attention towards the internal body when signals are more salient) could elicit greater benefits. In a 2 × 2 within-subject design, 48 healthy adults (Mage = 25.98 ± 4.73 years, 50% female) completed four 20-min conditions varying in both attentional focus (interoceptive vs exteroceptive) and physical activity (active vs rest), with cardiac IAcc measured immediately after. Results revealed a main effect for physical activity (p < 0.001), however, there was no effect for attentional focus (p = 0.397), and no interaction effect (p = 0.797). Differential analyses showed that a higher sporting background increased sensitivity to physical activity-related increases in cardiac IAcc (p = 0.031). Findings indicate that (irrespective of attentional focus) moderate-vigorous physical activity-based interventions have the potential to increase cardiac IAcc, with certain individuals potentially benefiting more.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallman-Jones
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 145 Bremgartenstrasse, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - E R Palser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - V Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 145 Bremgartenstrasse, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 145 Bremgartenstrasse, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Honda T, Nakao T. Impact of Cardiac Interoception on the Self-Prioritization Effect. Front Psychol 2022; 13:825370. [PMID: 35903730 PMCID: PMC9315346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-relevant information is processed faster and more accurately than non-self-relevant information. Such a bias is developed even for newly associated information with the self, which is also known as the self-prioritization effect (SPE). Interoception, which refers to the overall processing of information from within the body, is crucial for self-relevant processing; however, its role in SPE remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the magnitude of SPE and interoceptive accuracy (IAc), defined as one’s ability to accurately perceive one’s own interoceptive state. Additionally, to explore the causal relationship, we measured SPE by presenting self- or other-relevant stimuli based on the participant’s cardiac cycle in the shape-label matching task. We demonstrated that IAc was negatively correlated with the magnitude of SPE in terms of discrimination of the relevance of the stimuli. In addition, a correlation was observed only when the stimuli were presented during cardiac systole. Furthermore, IAc was negatively correlated with the processing of self-relevant stimuli but not with other-relevant stimuli. Collectively, our results show that individuals with higher IAc have relatively lower discriminative sensitivity to newly and temporary associated self-relevant stimuli presented during the accentuation of cardiac interoceptive information. Although SPE is a phenomenon in which newly self-associated stimuli are preferentially processed, our results suggest that individuals with higher IAc prioritized processing interoceptive information over temporarily associated self-relevant external information. Conversely, previous studies using paradigms other than the shape-label matching paradigm with familiar self-relevant stimuli, such as self-face, reported that interoceptive information enhances the processing of self-relevant stimuli. Whether interoceptive information enhances the processing of external self-relevant information may depend on the familiarity with the self-relevant stimuli and the experimental paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Honda
- Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tatsuru Honda,
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Emerson JR, Scott MW, van Schaik P, Butcher N, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self-other perceptions. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2407. [PMID: 34994997 PMCID: PMC8865155 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that both observed and imagined actions can be represented in the brain as two parallel sensorimotor representations. One proposal is that higher order cognitive processes would align these two hypothetical action simulations. METHODS We investigated this hypothesis using an automatic imitation paradigm, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings over the prefrontal cortex during different motor simulation states. On each trial, participants (n = 14) observed a picture of a rhythmical action (instructed action) followed by a distractor movie showing the same or different action. Participants then executed the instructed action. Distractor actions were manipulated to be fast or slow, and instructions were manipulated during distractor presentation: action observation (AO), combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and observe to imitate (intentional imitation). A pure motor imagery (MI) condition was also included. RESULTS Kinematic analyses showed that although distractor speed effects were significant under all instructions (shorter mean cycle times in execution for fast compared to slow trials), this imitation bias was significantly stronger for combined AO+MI than both AO and MI, and stronger for intentional imitation than the other three automatic imitation conditions. In the left prefrontal cortex, cerebral oxygenation was significantly greater for combined AO+MI than all other instructions. Participants reported that their representation of the self overlapped with the observed model significantly more during AO+MI than AO. CONCLUSION Left prefrontal activation may therefore be a neural signature of AO+MI, supporting attentional switching between concurrent representations of self (MI, top-down) and other (AO, bottom-up) to increase imitation and perceived closeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Matthew W Scott
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Natalie Butcher
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ryan P W Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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11
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Torregrossa LJ, Amedy A, Roig J, Prada A, Park S. Interoceptive functioning in schizophrenia and schizotypy. Schizophr Res 2022; 239:151-159. [PMID: 34891079 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Though bodily self-disturbances are well documented in schizophrenia, interoceptive functioning (i.e., the perception of the internal state of the body) remains poorly understood in this population. In fact, only two studies to date have empirically measured interoceptive ability in schizophrenia. Both studies documented a deficit in interoceptive accuracy (i.e., the objective performance on a heartbeat detection task), and one noted differences in interoceptive sensibility (i.e., the subjective experience of interoception) in this population. To our knowledge, interoceptive awareness (i.e., the metacognitive awareness of one's interoceptive ability) has never been measured in schizophrenia and the link between interoceptive functioning and schizotypy remains unexplored. The present study addresses this gap by investigating the three dimensions of interoception in individuals with schizophrenia and matched controls (Experiment 1, N = 58) and in relation to schizotypal traits (Experiment 2, N = 109). Consistent with the literature, Experiment 1 documented a deficit in interoceptive accuracy and differences in interoceptive sensibility in individuals with schizophrenia. For the first time, our study revealed intact interoceptive awareness in individuals with schizophrenia. Against our expectations, we found no link between schizotypy and interoceptive functioning in Experiment 2. Our novel findings bear important clinical implications as insight into one's interoceptive limitations (i.e., intact interoceptive awareness) might promote treatment seeking behavior in schizophrenia. The lack of association between interoceptive ability and schizotypy in non-help-seeking youths suggests that changes in interoception may only arise with the onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amad Amedy
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacqueline Roig
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Prada
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Angioletti L, Balconi M. Interoceptive attentiveness and autonomic reactivity in pain observation. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 39:81-89. [PMID: 34847833 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.2005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study explores interoceptive attentiveness (IA) influence on autonomic reactivity related to pain and self-regulation during situations evoking physiological mirroring for pain.Methods: 20 participants observed face/hand, painful/non-painful stimuli in an individual versus social condition while the autonomic response was measured [Electrodermal activity, Pulse Volume Amplitude (PVA), and Heart Rate (HR)] was measured. The sample was divided into experimental (EXP) subjects, required to focus on their interoceptive correlates while observing the stimuli, and the control (CNT) group. HR inter-beat interval (IBI), and HR Variability (HRV) were calculated.Results: Results showed high accuracy to painful and non-painful stimuli recognition. Regarding autonomic indices, higher PVA values were detected for hand painful versus non-painful stimuli, whereas for the EXP group a significant activation of IBI was found for face painful vs non-painful stimuli.Conclusion: In the context of observation of pain in others, PVA and IBI could be respectively markers of mirroring mechanisms and autonomic self-regulation mediated by IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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13
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Prentice F, Murphy J. Sex differences in interoceptive accuracy: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:497-518. [PMID: 34838927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy, the ability to correctly perceive internal signals arising from the body, is thought to be disrupted in numerous mental and physical health conditions. Whilst evidence suggests poorer interoceptive accuracy in females compared to males, raising the possibility that interoceptive differences may relate to sex differences in mental and physical health, results concerning sex differences in interoceptive accuracy are mixed. Given such ambiguity, this meta-analysis aimed to establish the presence or absence of sex differences in interoceptive accuracy across cardiac, respiratory, and gastric domains. A review of 7956 abstracts resulted in 93 eligible studies. Results demonstrated superior accuracy in males across cardiac, but not gastric, tasks, while findings on respiratory tasks were mixed. Effect sizes were consistent across cardiac tasks, but instability and/or moderate heterogeneity was observed across other domains, likely due to the small number of eligible studies. Despite such limitations, results indicate the possibility of sex differences across interoception tasks and domains. Methodological limitations concerning the influence of physiological factors, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Prentice
- Developmental Neurosciences Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
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14
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Taking the pulse of social cognition: Cardiac afferent activity and interoceptive accuracy modulate emotional egocentricity bias. Cortex 2021; 145:327-340. [PMID: 34794068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
At the heart of social cognition is our ability to distinguish between self and other and correctly attribute mental and affective states to their origin. Emotional egocentricity bias (EEB) reflects the tendency to use one's own emotional state when relating to others. Although interoception underpins our emotional experience, little is known about its role on how we affectively relate to others. Here, we assessed how cardiac interoceptive impact, manipulated by presenting affective stimuli across different phases of the cardiac cycle coupled with trait-like levels of interoceptive accuracy, modulate the EEB. Individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy displayed an increased EEB when the other's emotional state was presented at the point of maximum interoceptive impact (i.e., at systole), whereas the reverse was observed for individuals with lower interoceptive accuracy. These findings show how interoceptive activity provides the physiological context within which we process other's emotional states in parallel to ours.
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15
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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16
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Schulz A, Back SN, Schaan VK, Bertsch K, Vögele C. On the construct validity of interoceptive accuracy based on heartbeat counting: Cardiovascular determinants of absolute and tilt-induced change scores. Biol Psychol 2021; 164:108168. [PMID: 34411619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) as assessed with the heartbeat counting task (IAccHBCT) may be affected by a range of factors including (1.) the ability to adequately detect cardiac signals, indicated by IAcc in a heartbeat discrimination task (IAccHBDT), (2.) cardiac signal properties, affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, and (3.) non-interoceptive processes, including time estimation accuracy (TEAcc). In the current study we investigated the contribution of these factors to absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores, induced by passive head-up and head-down tilt in 49 healthy individuals. A set of hierarchical regression models showed IAccHBDT scores as the strongest and, across different orthostatic (tilt) conditions, most stable (positive) predictor of absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores. Neither indicators of cardiac signal properties (except for HR in head-down-tilt), nor TEAcc predicted absolute or Δ IAccHBCT scores. These findings support the convergent and discriminant validity of absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Sarah N Back
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Violetta K Schaan
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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17
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Körmendi J, Ferentzi E, Köteles F. Expectation predicts performance in the mental heartbeat tracking task. Biol Psychol 2021; 164:108170. [PMID: 34400273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mental heartbeat tracking task by Schandry is sensitive to non-interoceptive (top-down) influences, e.g., estimation of heart rate and expectation. The two studies reported here investigated the impact of these factors on the outcome of the task. In Study 1, performance-related expectation was assessed between the training interval and the real trials. Performance was strongly related (β = .595, p < .001) to expectation even after controlling for sex, body fat, resting heart rate and estimation of heart rate. In Study 2, expectation was assessed before and after the training interval for Group 1 and 2, respectively. The strong association (r = 0.78, p < .001) between performance and expectation was replicated for Group 2; however, a moderate association (r = 0.39, p < .01) was also found in Group 1. People with high expectation may be prone to categorize and count vague sensations, such as attention evoked sensations, as heartbeats; this can lead to an inflated Schandry-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Körmendi
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Farwaha S, Obhi SS. The effects of socioeconomic status and situational power on self-other processing in the automatic imitation task. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2519-2528. [PMID: 34137939 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous work using physiological measures has shown that socioeconomic status and social power both influence the degree to which people are attuned to the actions of others. However, it is unclear whether such effects on brain activity translate into behaviourally significant outcomes. Here, we examined differences in automatic imitation between individuals varying in SES and power from the local community population. The automatic imitation task involves participants making actions in response to a symbolic cue while simultaneously being exposed to an action that is incongruent or congruent with the cued response. Patterns of interference in reaction time and error rate reveal the extent to which a person is susceptible to influence from the actions of other-what we refer to as "the degree of social attunement". We found that individuals from low SES backgrounds and those in the low power priming group exhibited more interference than individuals from high SES backgrounds and those in the high power priming group. However, we did not observe an interaction between chronic status and the power group. We discuss our results in relation to broader behavioural patterns exhibited by individuals at varying levels of a social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Farwaha
- Neurosociety Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Psychology Building (PC), Room 102, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sukhvinder S Obhi
- Neurosociety Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Psychology Building (PC), Room 102, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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19
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Balconi M, Angioletti L. One's Interoception Affects the Representation of Seeing Others' Pain: A Randomized Controlled qEEG Study. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:5585060. [PMID: 33884043 PMCID: PMC8041555 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective This research demonstrates that interoceptive attentiveness (IA) can modulate cortical oscillations related to the emotional and cognitive representations of observing pain in others. Methods Twenty participants were required to observe painful/nonpainful stimuli in an individual versus the interactive condition during the recording of the electroencephalogram. The sample was divided into experimental (EXP) and control (CTR) groups, and the EXP group was explicitly required to direct the attention on its interoceptive correlates while observing the stimuli. Results Mixed repeated measures, analyses of variance, were applied to each EEG frequency band. Significant findings were obtained mainly for theta and beta bands for the two groups. A hemispheric lateralisation effect was found, with right lateralisation of the theta band for the EXP group when observing painful stimuli and enhanced left activation of theta and beta bands for the CTR group when observing nonpainful stimuli. For both groups, frontal cortical regions were significantly sensitive to social scenarios, while posterior parietal activation was found for stimuli depicting the individual condition. Conclusions The results suggest that IA might enhance the emotional representation of painful stimuli, highlighting their negative and unpleasant features in the EXP group, while the attention of the CTR group was mainly drawn to nonpainful stimuli in social and individual conditions, with a positive valence. The role of frontal regions in the processing of social stimuli through social cognition, inducing emotional mirroring and requiring deeper analysis of the social context, was underlined. We propose that IA could be trained for promoting emotion regulation and empathic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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20
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Richter F, Ibáñez A. Time is body: Multimodal evidence of crosstalk between interoception and time estimation. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108017. [PMID: 33450326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical approaches propose a blending between interoception and time estimation. Interoception might constitute a neurophysiological mechanism for encoding duration. However, no study has assessed the convergence between interoception and time estimation using behavioral, neurophysiological, and functional anatomy signatures. We examined the multimodal convergence between interoception and time estimation using a two-fold approach. In study 1, we developed a dual design combining interoception (measuring heartbeat detection - HBD, and heartbeat evoked potential - HEP) with a time estimation paradigm (TEP, estimation of duration of a 120 s interval). In study 2, we performed a conjoint metanalysis (Multi-level Kernel Density Analysis, MKDA) of neuroimaging, including reports of interoception and time estimation. Both studies provide convergent evidence of time estimation's significant involvement in behavioral, electrophysiological (enhanced HEP), and neuroimaging (overlapping cluster in the right insula and operculum) signatures of interoception. Convergent results from both studies offer direct support for a shared mechanism of interoception and time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Richter
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Latin American Institute of Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Colombia; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US.
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21
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Imafuku M, Fukushima H, Nakamura Y, Myowa M, Koike S. Interoception is associated with the impact of eye contact on spontaneous facial mimicry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19866. [PMID: 33199748 PMCID: PMC7670470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception (perception of one’s own physiological state) has been suggested to underpin social cognition, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate the relationship between interoception and two factors underlying social cognition: self-other boundary and sensitivity to social cues. We measured performance in a heartbeat perception task as an index of interoceptive accuracy (IAc), the frequency of spontaneous facial mimicry (SFM) as an index of self-other boundary, and the degree of the effect of eye contact on SFM (difference in SFM between conditions in which models’ eyes were directed to and averted from participants) as an index of social-cue sensitivity, and tested correlations among these measures. The results revealed that IAc and SFM were positively correlated only in the direct gaze condition. The extent of the effect of eye contact on SFM (difference in frequency between direct vs. averted conditions) was positively correlated with IAc. These overall findings were also observed in separate analyses of male and female participant groups, supporting the robustness of the findings. The results suggest that interoception is related to sensitivity to social cues, and may also be related to the self-other boundary with modulation by social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imafuku
- Faculty of Education, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Hirokata Fukushima
- Faculty of Sociology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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22
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Dirupo G, Corradi-Dell’Acqua C, Kashef M, Debbané M, Badoud D. The role of interoception in understanding others' affect. Dissociation between superficial and detailed appraisal of facial expressions. Cortex 2020; 130:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Individual differences in social and non-social cognitive control. Cognition 2020; 202:104317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Desmedt O, Corneille O, Luminet O, Murphy J, Bird G, Maurage P. Contribution of Time Estimation and Knowledge to Heartbeat Counting Task Performance under Original and Adapted Instructions. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Schlinkert C, Herbert BM, Baumann N, Koole SL. Preoccupied with the body: mild stress amplifies the relation between rumination and interoception. Cogn Emot 2020; 34:1382-1394. [PMID: 32223508 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1746242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classic and modern emotion theories suggest that the perception of bodily sensations, or interoception, is foundational to emotion processing. The present research examined whether interoception is enhanced among people high in ruminative tendencies, especially under stress. To test this notion, the present research examined the effects of a mild stressor on subjective and objective measures of interoception among people varying in ruminative tendencies. Under conditions of mild stress, rumination was positively associated with self-reported private body consciousness -a marker of interoceptive sensibility- in Study 1 (N = 312) and with heartbeat detection accuracy (especially in the presence of auditory interference) in Study 2 (N = 180). In both studies, rumination was not significantly associated with interoceptive sensibility or accuracy in the absence of stress. These findings suggest that stress-induced amplification of bodily sensations may be important in explaining emotional dysregulation among chronic ruminators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schlinkert
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherland
| | - Beate M Herbert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Baumann
- Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Diagnostics, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Sander L Koole
- Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Rae CL, Ahmad A, Larsson DEO, Silva M, Praag CDGV, Garfinkel SN, Critchley HD. Impact of cardiac interoception cues and confidence on voluntary decisions to make or withhold action in an intentional inhibition task. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4184. [PMID: 32144304 PMCID: PMC7060346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive signals concerning the internal physiological state of the body influence motivational feelings and action decisions. Cardiovascular arousal may facilitate inhibition to mitigate risks of impulsive actions. Baroreceptor discharge at ventricular systole underpins afferent signalling of cardiovascular arousal. In a modified Go/NoGo task, decisions to make or withhold actions on 'Choose' trials were not influenced by cardiac phase, nor individual differences in heart rate variability. However, cardiac interoceptive awareness and insight predicted how frequently participants chose to act, and their speed of action: Participants with better awareness and insight tended to withhold actions and respond slower, while those with poorer awareness and insight tended to execute actions and respond faster. Moreover, self-reported trait urgency correlated negatively with intentional inhibition rates. These findings suggest that lower insight into bodily signals is linked to urges to move the body, putatively by engendering noisier sensory input into motor decision processes eliciting reactive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Rae
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Aysha Ahmad
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Dennis E O Larsson
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Marta Silva
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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27
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Reduction of auditory input improves performance on the heartbeat tracking task, but does not necessarily enhance interoception. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:621-629. [PMID: 32016483 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research utilising a between-subjects design has indicated that the use of noise-dampening ear protectors might enhance interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). In the present study, we further examined this effect using a repeated-measures, within-participants design, and investigated potential mechanisms that might explain the effect. 50 participants completed the heartbeat tracking task (HTT) with and without the use of industrial ear protectors, in a counter-balanced order. Participants were asked to count the number of heartbeats occurring in five discrete time intervals of 25, 35, 45, 55 and 95 s, without feeling for a manual pulse. HTT scores were significantly higher when ear protectors were worn, and the improvement in performance was greatest for participants with lower baseline IAcc. The ear protectors were associated with significantly increased self-reported heartbeat audibility, task-related confidence and concentration, and decreased levels of distractibility. Heartbeat audibility was also correlated with HTT performance when the ear protectors were worn. Because the use of industrial ear defenders resulted in increased heartbeat audibility, this manipulation should not be used to assess causal hypotheses related to changes in IAcc. However, it may serve as a simple, non-invasive manipulation to assess the effects of 'externalised' interoceptive signals.
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28
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Bowling NC, Botan V, Santiesteban I, Ward J, Banissy MJ. Atypical bodily self-awareness in vicarious pain responders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180361. [PMID: 31630646 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicarious perception refers to the ability to co-represent the experiences of others. Prior research has shown considerable inter-individual variability in vicarious perception of pain, with some experiencing conscious sensations of pain on their own body when viewing another person in pain (conscious vicarious perception/mirror-pain synaesthesia). Self-Other Theory proposes that this conscious vicarious perception may result from impairments in self-other distinction and maintaining a coherent sense of bodily self. In support of this, individuals who experience conscious vicarious perception are more susceptible to illusions of body ownership and agency. However, little work has assessed whether trait differences in bodily self-awareness are associated with conscious vicarious pain. Here we addressed this gap by examining individual difference factors related to awareness of the body, in conscious vicarious pain responders. Increased self-reported depersonalization and interoceptive sensibility was found for conscious vicarious pain responders compared with non-responders, in addition to more internally oriented thinking (associated with lower alexithymia). There were no significant differences in trait anxiety. Results indicate that maintaining a stable sense of the bodily self may be important for vicarious perception of pain, and that vicarious perception might also be enhanced by attention towards internal bodily states. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Bowling
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Vanessa Botan
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Idalmis Santiesteban
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
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29
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Murphy J, Brewer R, Plans D, Khalsa SS, Catmur C, Bird G. Testing the independence of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 73:115-133. [DOI: 10.1177/1747021819879826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been proposed that measures of the perception of the state of one’s own body (“interoception”) can be categorised as one of several types depending on both how an assessment is obtained (objective measurement vs. self-report) and what is assessed (degree of interoceptive attention vs. accuracy of interoceptive perception). Under this model, a distinction is made between beliefs regarding the degree to which interoceptive signals are the object of attention and beliefs regarding one’s ability to perceive accurately interoceptive signals. This distinction is difficult to test, however, because of the paucity of measures designed to assess self-reported perception of one’s own interoceptive accuracy. This article therefore reports on the development of such a measure, the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS). Use of this measure enables assessment of the proposed distinction between beliefs regarding attention to, and accuracy in perceiving, interoceptive signals. Across six studies, we report on the development of the IAS and, importantly, its relationship with measures of trait self-reported interoceptive attention, objective interoceptive accuracy, confidence in the accuracy of specific interoceptive percepts, and metacognition with respect to interoceptive accuracy. Results support the distinction between individual differences in perceived attention towards interoceptive information and the accuracy of interoceptive perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - David Plans
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pace-Schott EF, Amole MC, Aue T, Balconi M, Bylsma LM, Critchley H, Demaree HA, Friedman BH, Gooding AEK, Gosseries O, Jovanovic T, Kirby LA, Kozlowska K, Laureys S, Lowe L, Magee K, Marin MF, Merner AR, Robinson JL, Smith RC, Spangler DP, Van Overveld M, VanElzakker MB. Physiological feelings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:267-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Murphy J, Millgate E, Geary H, Catmur C, Bird G. No effect of age on emotion recognition after accounting for cognitive factors and depression. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 72:2690-2704. [DOI: 10.1177/1747021819859514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A decline in emotion recognition ability across the lifespan has been well documented. However, whether age predicts emotion recognition difficulties after accounting for potentially confounding factors which covary with age remains unclear. Although previous research suggested that age-related decline in emotion recognition ability may be partly a consequence of cognitive (fluid intelligence, processing speed) and affective (e.g., depression) factors, recent theories highlight a potential role for alexithymia (difficulty identifying and describing one’s emotions) and interoception (perception of the body’s internal state). This study therefore aimed to examine the recognition of anger and disgust across the adult lifespan in a group of 140 20–90-year-olds to see whether an effect of age would remain after controlling for a number of cognitive and affective factors potentially impacted by age. In addition, using an identity recognition control task, the study aimed to determine whether the factors accounting for the effects of age on emotion discrimination also contribute towards generalised face processing difficulties. Results revealed that discrimination of disgust and anger across the lifespan was predicted by processing speed and fluid intelligence, and negatively by depression. No effect of age was found after these factors were accounted for. Importantly, these effects were specific to emotion discrimination; only crystallised intelligence accounted for unique variance in identity discrimination. Contrary to expectations, although interoception and alexithymia were correlated with emotion discrimination abilities, these factors did not explain unique variance after accounting for other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Millgate
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hayley Geary
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hina F, Aspell JE. Altered interoceptive processing in smokers: Evidence from the heartbeat tracking task. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 142:10-16. [PMID: 31152763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that interoceptive processing might be altered in nicotine addiction, however this has not yet been confirmed with behavioural measures. Therefore, we investigated the perception of internal bodily states in smokers (n = 49) and people who had never smoked (n = 51), by measuring interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) and interoceptive sensibility (IS). IAcc was measured with a heartbeat tracking task and a heartbeat discrimination task. Performance on the heartbeat tracking task may be influenced by one's ability to estimate an elapsed time interval so this was controlled by also administering a time-estimation (TE) task. IS was measured using two sub-scales from the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). All smokers completed the Revised Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-R) to measure addiction severity. Non-smokers performed significantly better than smokers on the heartbeat tracking task. There were no significant group differences observed for the remaining variables. Furthermore, none of the variables predicted addiction severity. This is the first demonstration of behavioural differences in interoception between smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Hina
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jane E Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Abstract
Various aspects of physical and mental health have been linked to an individual’s ability to perceive the physical condition of their body (‘interoception’). In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated a role for interoception in higher-order cognitive abilities such as decision-making and emotion processing. The importance of interoception for health and typical cognitive functioning has prompted interest in how interoception varies over the lifespan. However, few studies have investigated interoception into older adulthood, and no studies account for the set of physiological changes that may influence task performance. The present study examined interoception from young to very late adulthood (until 90 years of age) utilising a self-report measure of interoception (Study One) and an objective measure of cardiac interoception (Study Two). Across both studies, interoception decreased with age, and changes in interoceptive accuracy were observed which were not explained by accompanying physiological changes. In addition to a direct effect of age on interoception, an indirect effect of ageing on cardiac interoceptive accuracy mediated by body mass index (BMI) was found, such that ageing was associated with increased BMI which was, in turn, associated with reduced interoceptive accuracy. Such findings support and extend previous research demonstrating interoceptive decline with advancing age, and highlight the importance of assessing whether decreasing interoceptive ability is responsible for some aspects of age-related ill-health and cognitive impairment.
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Herman AM, Rae CL, Critchley HD, Duka T. Interoceptive accuracy predicts nonplanning trait impulsivity. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13339. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Herman
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience School of Psychology, University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
- Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Rae
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Hugo D. Critchley
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership, NHS Foundation Trust Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Theodora Duka
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience School of Psychology, University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
- Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
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Murphy J, Brewer R, Hobson H, Catmur C, Bird G. Is alexithymia characterised by impaired interoception? Further evidence, the importance of control variables, and the problems with the Heartbeat Counting Task. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Via E, Goldberg X, Sánchez I, Forcano L, Harrison BJ, Davey CG, Pujol J, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Fernández-Aranda F, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Menchón JM. Self and other body perception in anorexia nervosa: The role of posterior DMN nodes. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:210-224. [PMID: 27873550 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1249951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), which involves alterations in self- (and other's) evaluative processes arising during body perception. At a neural level, self-related information is thought to rely on areas of the so-called default mode network (DMN), which, additionally, shows prominent synchronised activity at rest. METHODS Twenty female patients with AN and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when: (a) viewing video clips of their own body and another's body; (b) at rest. Between-group differences within the DMN during task performance were evaluated and further explored for task-related and resting-state-related functional connectivity alterations. RESULTS AN patients showed a hyperactivation of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during their own-body processing but a response failure to another's body processing at the precuneus and ventral PCC. Increased task-related connectivity was found between dPCC-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus-mid-temporal cortex. Further, AN patients showed decreased resting-state connectivity between the dPCC and the angular gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The PCC and the precuneus are suggested as key components of a network supporting self-other-evaluative processes implicated in body distortion, while the existence of DMN alterations at rest might reflect a sustained, task-independent breakdown within this network in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- f Clinical research group in human pharmacology and neuroscience , IMIM Research Institute at the Hospital de Mar , Barcelona , Spain.,g CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,h Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jesús Pujol
- i MRI Research Unit , Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21 , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,g CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain.,j Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain.,k Department of Psychiatry , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
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Murphy J, Millgate E, Geary H, Ichijo E, Coll MP, Brewer R, Catmur C, Bird G. Knowledge of resting heart rate mediates the relationship between intelligence and the heartbeat counting task. Biol Psychol 2018; 133:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marshall AC, Gentsch A, Schütz-Bosbach S. The Interaction between Interoceptive and Action States within a Framework of Predictive Coding. Front Psychol 2018; 9:180. [PMID: 29515495 PMCID: PMC5826270 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of predictive coding assumes that perception is an iterative process between prior knowledge and sensory feedback. To date, this perspective has been primarily applied to exteroceptive perception as well as action and its associated phenomenological experiences such as agency. More recently, this predictive, inferential framework has been theoretically extended to interoception. This idea postulates that subjective feeling states are generated by top-down inferences made about internal and external causes of interoceptive afferents. While the processing of motor signals for action control and the emergence of selfhood have been studied extensively, the contributions of interoceptive input and especially the potential interaction of motor and interoceptive signals remain largely unaddressed. Here, we argue for a specific functional relation between motor and interoceptive awareness. Specifically, we implicate interoceptive predictions in the generation of subjective motor-related feeling states. Furthermore, we propose a distinction between reflexive and pre-reflexive modes of agentic action control and suggest that interoceptive input may affect each differently. Finally, we advocate the necessity of continuous interoceptive input for conscious forms of agentic action control. We conclude by discussing further research contributions that would allow for a fuller understanding of the interaction between agency and interoceptive awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Marshall
- General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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40
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Betka S, Pfeifer G, Garfinkel S, Prins H, Bond R, Sequeira H, Duka T, Critchley H. How Do Self-Assessment of Alexithymia and Sensitivity to Bodily Sensations Relate to Alcohol Consumption? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:81-88. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Betka
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Clinical Imaging Science Centre; Brighton United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience; School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
- SCALab; CNRS UMR 9193; University of Lille; Lille France
| | - Gaby Pfeifer
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Clinical Imaging Science Centre; Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Garfinkel
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Clinical Imaging Science Centre; Brighton United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Hielke Prins
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Clinical Imaging Science Centre; Brighton United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Rod Bond
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience; School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
| | | | - Theodora Duka
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience; School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Clinical Imaging Science Centre; Brighton United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science; University of Sussex; Brighton United Kingdom
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41
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Sowden S, Brewer R, Catmur C, Bird G. The specificity of the link between alexithymia, interoception, and imitation. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2017; 42:1687-1692. [PMID: 27786535 PMCID: PMC5082312 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a subclinical condition traditionally characterized by difficulties identifying and describing one's own emotions. Recent formulations of alexithymia, however, suggest that the condition may result from a generalized impairment in the perception of all bodily signals ("interoception"). Interoceptive accuracy has been associated with a variety of deficits in social cognition, but recently with an improved ability to inhibit the automatic tendency to imitate the actions of others. The current study tested the consequences for social cognition of the hypothesized association between alexithymia and impaired interoception by examining the relationship between alexithymia and the ability to inhibit imitation. If alexithymia is best characterized as a general interoceptive impairment, then one would predict that alexithymia would have the same relationship with the ability to control imitation as does interoceptive accuracy. Forty-three healthy adults completed measures of alexithymia, imitation-inhibition, and as a control, inhibition of nonimitative spatial compatibility. Results revealed the predicted relationship, such that increasing alexithymia was associated with an improved ability to inhibit imitation, and that this relationship was specific to imitation-inhibition. These results support the characterization of alexithymia as a general interoceptive impairment and shed light on the social ability of alexithymic individuals-with implications for the multitude of psychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with high rates of alexithymia. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sowden
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | | | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
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Murphy J, Catmur C, Bird G. Alexithymia is associated with a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception: Evidence from novel tests. J Exp Psychol Gen 2017; 147:398-408. [PMID: 29154612 PMCID: PMC5824617 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state, contributes to numerous aspects of higher-order cognition. Several theories suggest a causal role for atypical interoception in specific psychiatric disorders, including a recent claim that atypical interoception represents a transdiagnostic impairment across disorders characterized by reduced perception of one’s own emotion (alexithymia). Such theories are supported predominantly by evidence from only one interoceptive domain (cardiac); however, evidence of domain-specific interoceptive ability highlights the need to assess interoception in noncardiac domains. Using novel interoceptive tasks, we demonstrate that individuals high in alexithymic traits show a reduced propensity to utilize interoceptive cues to gauge respiratory output (Experiment 1), reduced accuracy on tasks of muscular effort (Experiment 2), and taste sensitivity (Experiment 3), unrelated to any co-occurring autism, depression, or anxiety. Results suggest that alexithymia reflects a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception, which is consistent with theories suggesting that atypical interoception may underpin both symptom commonalities between psychiatric disorders and heterogeneity within disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
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43
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Inui T, Kumagaya S, Myowa-Yamakoshi M. Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis about the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:354. [PMID: 28744208 PMCID: PMC5504094 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous models or hypotheses of autism spectral disorder (ASD) failed to take into full consideration the chronological and causal developmental trajectory, leading to the emergence of diverse phenotypes through a complex interaction between individual etiologies and environmental factors. Those phenotypes include persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction (criteria A in DSM-5), and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (criteria B in DSM-5). In this article, we proposed a domain-general model that can explain criteria in DSM-5 based on the assumption that the same etiological mechanism would trigger the various phenotypes observed in different individuals with ASD. In the model, we assumed the following joint causes as the etiology of autism: (1) Hypoplasia of the pons in the brainstem, occurring immediately following neural tube closure; and (2) Deficiency in the GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) developmental switch during the perinatal period. Microstructural abnormalities of the pons directly affect both the structural and functional development of the brain areas strongly connected to it, especially amygdala. The impairment of GABA switch could not only lead to the deterioration of inhibitory processing in the neural network, but could also cause abnormal cytoarchitecture. We introduced a perspective that atypical development in both brain structure and function can give full explanation of diverse phenotypes and pathogenetic mechanism of ASD. Finally, we discussed about neural mechanisms underlying the phenotypic characteristics of ASD that are not described in DSM-5 but should be considered as important foundation: sleep, global precedence, categorical perception, intelligence, interoception and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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Fiacconi CM, Kouptsova JE, Köhler S. A role for visceral feedback and interoception in feelings-of-knowing. Conscious Cogn 2017. [PMID: 28645001 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the framework that autonomic feedback shapes emotional experience and other feeling states, we asked whether feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments may be influenced by visceral information through interoception. Participants performed a FOK task for previously studied face-name pairs while changes in cardiovascular and facial muscle activity were recorded. Previously studied face cues for which the corresponding name could not be recalled elicited an increased cardiac rate relative to novel face cues. Critically, the relationship between this pattern of cardiovascular activity and FOK ratings was moderated by interoception, such that for individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity, relative increases in cardiac rate for old items were associated with larger corresponding differences in FOK. Consistent with a link between familiarity and positive affect, we also found that old items elicited less frowning, as reflected in muscle activity recorded from the corrugator muscle. These results provide psychophysiological evidence that visceral signals contribute to experiential metamemory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Fiacconi
- Brain & Mind Institute, and Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jane E Kouptsova
- Brain & Mind Institute, and Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- Brain & Mind Institute, and Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Salomon
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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46
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Filippetti ML, Tsakiris M. Heartfelt embodiment: Changes in body-ownership and self-identification produce distinct changes in interoceptive accuracy. Cognition 2017; 159:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bornemann B, Singer T. Taking time to feel our body: Steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:469-482. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bornemann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Leipzig Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Leipzig Germany
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Brener J, Ring C. Towards a psychophysics of interoceptive processes: the measurement of heartbeat detection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160015. [PMID: 28080972 PMCID: PMC5062103 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to collect objective evidence of interoception. Unlike exteroception, the effective stimuli for interoception are often unknown, and even when identifiable, they are difficult to control experimentally. Furthermore, direct stimulation of the interoceptors is seldom appropriate in human experimentation. Hence, non-invasive behavioural measures of accuracy in heartbeat detection have frequently been adopted to index interoceptive sensitivity. However, there has been little standardization and the two most popular methods for assessing heartbeat detection, heartbeat tracking and two alternative forced choice methods, appear to be biased and of questionable validity. These issues do not arise with other methods that are based on classical psychophysics and that enable subjects to indicate when during the cardiac cycle their heartbeat sensations occur. Not only are these classical methods highly reliable, but they also provide continuous unbiased measures of the temporal locations of heartbeat sensations and the precision with which these sensations are detected.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Brener
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Christopher Ring
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Shah P, Catmur C, Bird G. Emotional decision-making in autism spectrum disorder: the roles of interoception and alexithymia. Mol Autism 2016; 7:43. [PMID: 27777716 PMCID: PMC5062918 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The way choices are framed influences decision-making. These “framing effects” emerge through the integration of emotional responses into decision-making under uncertainty. It was previously reported that susceptibility to the framing effect was reduced in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to a reduced tendency to incorporate emotional information into the decision-making process. However, recent research indicates that, where observed, emotional processing impairments in ASD may be due to co-occurring alexithymia. Alexithymia is thought to arise due to impaired interoception (the ability to perceive the internal state of one’s body), raising the possibility that emotional signals are not perceived and thus not integrated into decision-making in those with alexithymia and that therefore reduced framing effects in ASD are a product of co-occurring alexithymia rather than ASD per se. Accordingly, the present study compared framing effects in autistic individuals with neurotypical controls matched for alexithymia. Results showed a marked deviation between groups. The framing effect was, in line with previous data, significantly smaller in autistic individuals, and there was no relationship between alexithymia or interoception and decision-making in the ASD group. In the neurotypical group, however, the size of the framing effect was associated with alexithymia and interoception, even after controlling for autistic traits. These results demonstrate that although framing effects are associated with interoception and alexithymia in the neurotypical population, emotional and interoceptive signals have less impact upon the decision-making process in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Shah
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK ; MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
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Tsakiris M, Critchley H. Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0002. [PMID: 28080961 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception refers to the sensing of the internal state of one's body. Interoception is distinct from the processing of sensory information concerning external (non-self) stimuli (e.g. vision, hearing, touch and smell) and is the afferent axis to internal (autonomic and hormonal) physiological control. However, the impact of interoception extends beyond homeostatic/allostatic reflexes: it is proposed to be fundamental to motivation, emotion (affective feelings and behaviours), social cognition and self-awareness. This view is supported by a growing body of experimental evidence that links peripheral physiological states to mental processes. Within this framework, the representation of self is constructed from early development through continuous integrative representation of biological data from the body, to form the basis for those aspects of conscious awareness grounded on the subjective sense of being a unique individual. This theme issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B draws together state-of-the-art knowledge concerning theoretical, experimental and clinical facets of interoception with the emphasis on cognitive and affective neuroscience. The multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary perspectives represented in this theme issue disseminate and entrench knowledge about interoception across the scientific community and provide a reference for the conceptualization and further study of interoception across behavioural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manos Tsakiris
- Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Psychiatry Group, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Universities of Sussex and Brighton, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
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