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Jończyk R, Krzysik I, Witczak O, Bromberek-Dyzman K, Thierry G. Operating in a second language lowers cognitive interference during creative idea generation: Evidence from brain oscillations in bilinguals. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120752. [PMID: 39074760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Tasks measuring human creativity overwhelmingly rely on both language comprehension and production. Although most of the world's population is bilingual, few studies have investigated the effects of language of operation on creative output. This is surprising given that fluent bilinguals master inhibitory control, a mechanism also at play in creative idea evaluation. Here, we compared creative output in the two languages of Polish(L1)-English(L2) bilinguals engaged in a cyclic adaptation of the Alternative Uses Task increasing the contribution of idea evaluation (convergent thinking). We show that Polish-English bilinguals suffer less cognitive interference when generating unusual uses for common objects in the L2 than the L1, without incurring a significant drop in idea originality. Right posterior alpha oscillation power, known to reflect creative thinking, increased over cycles. This effect paralleled the increase in originality ratings over cycles, and lower alpha power (8-10 Hz) was significantly greater in the L1 than the L2. Unexpectedly, we found greater beta (16.5-28 Hz) desynchronization in the L2 than the L1, suggesting that bilingual participants suffered less interference from competing mental representations when performing the task in the L2. Whereas creative output seems unaffected by language of operation overall, the drop in beta power in the L2 suggests that bilinguals are not subjected to the same level of semantic flooding in the second language as they naturally experience in their native language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jończyk
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Iga Krzysik
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Olga Witczak
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Guillaume Thierry
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland; School of Psychology and Sport Science, Adeilad Brigantia, Penrallt Rd, Bangor LL57 2AS, Bangor University, UK.
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2
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Perchtold-Stefan CM, Rominger C, Papousek I, Fink A. Functional EEG Alpha Activation Patterns During Malevolent Creativity. Neuroscience 2023; 522:98-108. [PMID: 37178782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
On the dark side of creativity, creative ideation is intentionally used to damage others. This first EEG study on malevolent creativity investigated task-related power (TRP) changes in the alpha band while n = 89 participants (52 women, 37 men) generated original ideas for revenge in the psychometric Malevolent Creativity Test. TRP changes were assessed for different stages of the idea generation process and linked to performance indicators of malevolent creativity. This study revealed three crucial findings: 1) Malevolent creativity yielded topographically distinct alpha power increases similar to conventional creative ideation. 2) Time-related activity changes during malevolent creative ideation were reflected in early prefrontal and mid-stage temporal alpha power increases in individuals with higher malevolent creativity performance. This performance-related, time-sensitive pattern of TRP changes during malevolent creativity may reflect early conceptual expansion from prosocial to antisocial perspectives, and subsequent inhibition of dominant semantic associations in favor of novel revenge ideas. 3) The observed, right-lateralized alpha power increases over the entire ideation phase may denote an additional emotional load of creative ideation. Our study highlights the seminal role of EEG alpha oscillations as a biomarker for creativity, also when creative processes operate in a malevolent context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilona Papousek
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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3
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The time course of creativity: multivariate classification of default and executive network contributions to creative cognition over time. Cortex 2022; 156:90-105. [PMID: 36240723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that creative cognition depends on both associative and controlled processes, corresponding to the brain's default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN) networks. However, outstanding questions include how the DMN and ECN operate over time during creative task performance, and whether creative cognition involves distinct generative and evaluative stages. To address these questions, we used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to assess how the DMN and ECN contribute to creative cognition over three successive time phases during the production of a single creative idea. Training classifiers to predict trial condition (creative vs non-creative), we used classification accuracy as a measure of the extent of creative activity in each brain network and time phase. Across both networks, classification accuracy was highest in early phases, decreased in mid phases, and increased again in later phases, following a U-shaped curve. Notably, classification accuracy was significantly greater in the ECN than the DMN during early phases, while differences between networks at later time phases were non-significant. We also computed correlations between classification accuracy and human-rated creative performance, to assess how relevant the creative activity in each network was to the creative quality of ideas. In line with expectations, classification accuracy in the DMN was most related to creative quality in early phases, decreasing in later phases, while classification accuracy in the ECN was least related to creative quality in early phases, increasing in later phases. Given the theorized roles of the DMN in generation and the ECN in evaluation, we interpret these results as tentative evidence for the existence of separate generative and evaluative stages in creative cognition that depend on distinct neural substrates.
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4
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Rominger C, Gubler DA, Makowski LM, Troche SJ. More creative ideas are associated with increased right posterior power and frontal-parietal/occipital coupling in the upper alpha band: A within-subjects study. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 181:95-103. [PMID: 36057407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurophysiological investigation of creative idea generation is a growing research area. EEG studies congruently reported the sensitivity of upper alpha power (10-12 Hz) for the creative ideation process and its outcome. However, the majority of studies were between-subject design studies and research directly comparing the neurophysiological activation pattern when generating more and less creative ideas within a person are rare. Therefore, the present study was specifically focused on investigating brain activation patterns associated with the generation of more vs. less creative ideas. We applied an alternate uses task (AU-task; i.e., finding original uses for everyday objects such as a brick) in a sample of 74 participants and recorded the brain activation during the AU-task and reference period. A portable EEG system with 21 dry electrodes arranged in the international 10-20 system and linked ear as reference was used. We found a higher increase of upper alpha power during creative ideation (relative to reference period, i.e., task-related power, TRP) over right posterior sites when people generated more compared to less creative ideas. This was accompanied by an increase of functional coupling (i.e., task-related coherence increase) between frontal and parietal/occipital sites, which suggests higher internal attention and more control over sensory processes. Taken together, these findings complement the existing creativity research literature and indicate the importance of alpha power for the creative ideation process also within people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M Makowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan J Troche
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Li Y, Beaty RE, Luchini S, Dai DY, Xiang S, Qi S, Li Y, Zhao R, Wang X, Hu W. Accelerating Creativity: Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Temporal Dynamics of Divergent Thinking. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2068297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Yun Dai
- Shaanxi Normal University
- State University of New York at Albany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiping Hu
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Shaanxi Normal University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
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6
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Li X, Tong W, Li Y, Lyu Y, Hu W. The effects of social comparison and self-construal on creative idea generation: An EEG study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Beaty RE, Kenett YN, Hass RW, Schacter DL. Semantic Memory and Creativity: The Costs and Benefits of Semantic Memory Structure in Generating Original Ideas. THINKING & REASONING 2022; 29:305-339. [PMID: 37113618 PMCID: PMC10128864 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2022.2076742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its theoretical importance, little is known about how semantic memory structure facilitates and constrains creative idea production. We examine whether the semantic richness of a concept has both benefits and costs to creative idea production. Specifically, we tested whether cue set-size-an index of semantic richness reflecting the average number of elements associated with a given concept-impacts the quantity (fluency) and quality (originality) of responses generated during the alternate uses task (AUT). Across four studies, we show that low-association, sparse, AUT cues benefit originality at the cost of fluency compared to high-association, rich, AUT cues. Furthermore, we found an interaction with individual differences in fluid intelligence in the low-association AUT cues, suggesting that constraints of sparse semantic knowledge can be overcome with top-down intervention. The findings indicate that semantic richness differentially impacts the quality and quantity of generated ideas, and that cognitive control processes can facilitate idea production when conceptual knowledge is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Yoed N Kenett
- William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Richard W Hass
- Jefferson Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Abstract
Abstract. The dynamic creativity framework (DCF) represents a new theoretical perspective for studying the creativity construct. This framework is based on the dynamic definition of creativity, and it has both theoretical and empirical implications. From a theoretical point of view, we review the characteristics of the dynamic creative process and its extension into the dynamic universal creative process, encompassing creativity at different layers of complexity. We discuss the key concept of creative potential, considering individual, sociocultural, and material viewpoints, and we show how the DCF is instrumental in clarifying the relationship between creativity and intelligence, between creativity and anticipation, as well as in introducing the concept of ‘organic creativity’. From the empirical perspective, we focus on the dynamic creative process broken down into four phases: i) drive, ii) information, iii) idea generation, iv) idea evaluation. We review results obtained through investigations accounting for the dynamic interplay between emotional and cognitive components defining creative performance for each. Experiments were conducted to measure the role of emotions and attention in driving the dynamic process, considering the processing of apparently irrelevant information and the interaction between idea generation and idea evaluation, always taking into account individual differences as measured through personality traits, performance variables, or lifetime achievement. Neurophysiological evidence is considered in discussing dynamic effects in divergent thinking, such as the serial order effect, as well as the possibility to enhance creative potential through neurofeedback. Finally, we report on the effects of different environments on the creative process, highlighting the dynamics produced by context-embeddedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Emanuele Corazza
- DEI-Marconi Institute for Creativity, University of Bologna, Italy
- Université Paris Cité and University Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sergio Agnoli
- DEI-Marconi Institute for Creativity, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Mastria
- DEI-Marconi Institute for Creativity, University of Bologna, Italy
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9
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Abstract
Abstract. Individual differences perspectives have dominated the scientific study of creativity since the 1950’s. These perspectives, however, mainly emphasize group-level variations or inter-individual differences, with limited interest in individual-level variations. Yet, (1) group-level findings are often used to make inferences at the person-level, which might not apply consistently across individuals, and (2) a focus on intra-individual variations could supplement knowledge based on inter-individual differences and accurately inform creativity as a dynamic and multifaceted psychological construct. Indeed, when observed at the individual level, creativity can vary from moment to moment, task to task, and even item to item, which is not well reflected in the current understanding of creativity. After introducing the historical context for the study of individual differences in creativity, this article presents and illustrates three fundamental and distinct aspects of intra-individual variability as they apply to creativity, namely (in)consistency (or processing fluctuation), dispersion, and intraindividual change. While doing so, recent developments in apparatus and methods to assess creativity as a more dynamic phenomenon are presented. The article concludes by discussing the promise of accounting for intra-individual variability in creative performance and potential and the new knowledge it may elicit for both creativity research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Barbot
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Belgium
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Examples in creative exhaustion: The role of example features and individual differences in creativity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Qiao X, Lu K, Teng J, Gao Z, Hao N. Middle Occipital Area Differentially Associates with Malevolent versus Benevolent Creativity: An fNIRS investigation. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:127-142. [PMID: 35114089 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2038261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neural correlates underlying idea generation during malevolent creativity (MC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants were asked to solve problems during three types of creativity tasks: malevolent creativity task (MCT), benevolent creativity task (BCT), and alternative uses task (AUT). fNIRS was used to record individual cerebral activity during the tasks. The results revealed that participants demonstrated weaker neural activation in the right middle occipital area (rMO) and lower neural coupling (NC) between the right frontopolar cortex (rFPC) and rMO during MCT than during BCT and AUT. These suggest that r-MO activity and NC between the rFPC and rMO may distinguish between malevolent and benevolent forms of creative ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinuo Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenni Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Han J, Long H, Ge M, Pang W. Perspective-Taking Feedback: A New Feedback Affecting Creativity. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.1973708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Yuan H, Lu K, Yang C, Hao N. Examples facilitate divergent thinking: The effects of timing and quality. Conscious Cogn 2021; 93:103169. [PMID: 34256328 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of examples' timing and quality on divergent thinking (DT). In study 1, participants received two novel or common examples in the early or late stage of the realistic presented problem task. Results revealed higher fluency and flexibility in the late stage than that in the early stage. Moreover, originality was higher in the novel-example condition than that in the common-example condition. In study 2, participants solved alternative uses task (AUT) and received examples as in study 1. Results replicated beneficial effects of timing and quality on DT in study 1. Furthermore, in the late stage, fluency and flexibility were higher in the novel-example condition than that in the common one. These findings indicate that timing and quality affect example effect on DT, with late or novel examples facilitating DT. More importantly, in AUT, examples quality moderates the role of timing in DT's fluency and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yuan
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Kelong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cuirong Yang
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ning Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Clustering and switching in divergent thinking: Neurophysiological correlates underlying flexibility during idea generation. Neuropsychologia 2021; 158:107890. [PMID: 34010602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
EEG alpha synchronization, especially in posterior parietal cortical regions of the right hemisphere, is indicative of high internal processing demands that are typically involved in divergent thinking (DT). During the course of DT, as ideation proceeds, ideas tend to become more creative, being more likely to be drawn from new conceptual categories through the use of the cognitive mechanism of flexibility. The present study investigated whether EEG alpha synchronization can be modulated by flexibility in DT by comparing cortical activation patterns during the switch of category (switching) and the stay in the same category (clustering). Twenty participants were required to generate alternative uses of everyday objects during EEG recording. Differential results were specifically found in the lower alpha band (8-10 Hz): whereas clustering showed synchronization typically lateralized in the right posterior parietal areas, switching induced posterior parietal synchronization over both right and left hemispheres. These findings indicate that the two distinct cognitive mechanisms subsuming flexibility (switching and clustering) are associated with a different hemispheric modulation of lower alpha activity, as switching, in comparison to clustering, is related to higher power in the lower alpha band over the left hemisphere. Switching in comparison to clustering may thus require a larger investment of cognitive resources due to the exploratory process of moving from one semantic conceptual category to another in the course of creative ideation.
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Bai H, Leseman PPM, Moerbeek M, Kroesbergen EH, Mulder H. Serial Order Effect in Divergent Thinking in Five- to Six-Year-Olds: Individual Differences as Related to Executive Functions. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9020020. [PMID: 33918269 PMCID: PMC8167787 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the unfolding in real time of original ideas during divergent thinking (DT) in five- to six-year-olds and related individual differences in DT to executive functions (EFs). The Alternative Uses Task was administered with verbal prompts that encouraged children to report on their thinking processes while generating uses for daily objects. In addition to coding the originality of each use, the domain-specific DT processes memory retrieval and mental operations were coded from children’s explanations. Six EF tasks were administered and combined into composites to measure working memory, shifting, inhibition, and selective attention. The results replicated findings of a previous study with the same children but at age four years: (1) there was a serial order effect of the originality of uses; and (2) the process mental operations predicted the originality of uses. Next, the results revealed that both domain-general EFs and domain-specific executive processes played a role in the real-time unfolding of original ideas during DT. Particularly, the DT process mental operations was positively related to the early generation of original ideas, while selective attention was negatively related to the later generation of original ideas. These findings deepen our understanding of how controlled executive processes operate during DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Bai
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.L.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-30-253-4058
| | - Paul P. M. Leseman
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Mirjam Moerbeek
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Evelyn H. Kroesbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hanna Mulder
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.L.); (H.M.)
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Utilizing EEG to Explore Design Fixation during Creative Idea Generation. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:6619598. [PMID: 33777133 PMCID: PMC7979313 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Design fixation is related to the broad phenomenon of unconscious cognition bias that hinders the generation of creative solutions during the conceptual design process. While numerous research studies have gone into the study of design fixation, the experimental methods used were external to the cognitive process of designers; thus, there are some limitations. To address these limitations, the present study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to explore the differences in neural activities between designers with different degrees of design fixation during creative idea generation. Fluency, flexibility, and the degree of copying were used to evaluate the design performance and fixation degrees of all participants; for the follow-up analyses on brain activity patterns, participants were then divided into the Higher Fixation Group and the Lower Fixation Group according to the evaluation of the degrees of copying. Next, participants in each group were contrasted separately against the task-related alpha power changes during creative idea generation. The comparison results revealed that participants with lower design fixation demonstrated stronger alpha synchronization in frontal, parietotemporal, and occipital regions during creative idea generation, while participants with higher design fixation showed stronger task-related alpha desynchronization in frontal, centroparietal, and parietotemporal regions. Such findings suggested that participants with higher fixation showed lower solution flexibility because of the inability to inhibit the solutions generated overrelying on intuition. These results could contribute to a deeper understanding of design fixation from the neuroscience perspective and provide essential theoretical supports for the subsequent defixation methods and tool development.
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Ding K, Chen Q, Yang W, Wang X, Yang D, Ding C, Qiu J. Recognizing ideas generated in a creative thinking task: Effect of the subjective novelty. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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The relationship between methods of scoring the alternate uses task and the neural correlates of divergent thinking: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Katz-Buonincontro J, Hass R, Kettler T, Tang LM, Hu W. Partial measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity across U.S. and Chinese educators. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 91:563-583. [PMID: 33180977 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While empirical research on creativity has grown steadily over the past 35 years, teachers' beliefs about creativity and their implicit beliefs about teaching for creativity remains understudied, as well as cross-cultural examination of teacher beliefs in this area. AIMS This study explored the measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity (creative self-efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success and value of creativity for student academic and workplace success). SAMPLE American and Chinese educators at two universities were surveyed to rate the degree to which they agreed with statements about beliefs about teaching for creativity (N = 376). METHODS Measurement invariance analysis was used Multiple-Groups Confirmatory Factor Analysis with the lavaan package in the R Statistical Programing Environment. RESULTS Partial measurement invariance was obtained such that a model with factor loadings constrained equal across samples for four of the five constructs (creative self-efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success), did not worsen model fitness. Additionally, when factor loadings for items on the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success latent variable were allowed to vary across samples, we found evidence of structural invariance. That is, the covariances among the five latent variables were found to be invariant across samples. CONCLUSIONS The major result of this study is that the theoretical structure and relations among five important creative self-constructs is invariant across American and Chinese educational constructs. However, there may be cultural differences in the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success, as perceived by teachers. Future research can focus on calibrating teacher beliefs about teaching for creativity with classroom observation, in American and Chinese educational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Hass
- Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd Kettler
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa Min Tang
- Institute for Creativity & Innovation, University of Applied Management, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Weiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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van Dijk M, Blom E, Kroesbergen EH, Leseman PPM. The Influence of Situational Cues on Children's Creativity in an Alternative Uses Task and the Moderating Effect of Selective Attention. J Intell 2020; 8:E37. [PMID: 33086568 PMCID: PMC7709704 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence8040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking a perception-action perspective, we investigated how the presence of different real objects in children's immediate situation affected their creativity and whether this effect was moderated by their selective attention. Seventy children between ages 9 and 12 years old participated. Verbal responses on a visual Alternative Uses Task with a low stimulus and high stimulus condition were coded on fluency, flexibility, and originality. Selective attention was measured with a visual search task. Results showed that fluency was not affected by stimulus condition and was unrelated to selective attention. Flexibility was positively associated with selective attention. Originality, net of fluency and flexibility, showed a main effect of stimulus condition in an unexpected direction, as children gave more original responses in the low stimulus condition compared to the high stimulus condition. A significant moderation effect revealed that children with better selective attention skills benefitted from a low stimulus environment, whereas children with weaker selective attention performed better in a high stimulus environment. The findings demonstrate differential effects of the immediate situation and selective attention, and support the hypothesis that creativity is impacted by immediate situation and selective attention, yet in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes van Dijk
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (P.P.M.L.)
| | - Elma Blom
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (P.P.M.L.)
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Evelyn H. Kroesbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul P. M. Leseman
- Department of Pedagogy and Education: Development & Education of Youth in Diverse Societies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (P.P.M.L.)
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Sampedro A, Peña J, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Sánchez P, Iriarte-Yoller N, Pavón C, Hervella I, Tous-Espelosin M, Ojeda N. Neurocognitive, social cognitive, and clinical predictors of creativity in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 129:206-213. [PMID: 32781338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creativity is considered an essential human accomplishment and a key component for daily life problem solving. It has been suggested that impairment in working memory, cognitive flexibility, and theory of mind could lead to lower creativity in schizophrenia. Additionally, other neurocognitive and social cognitive domains, as well as clinical symptoms could play a role in this relationship. However, the extent to which each of these domains influences creativity in schizophrenia remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to simultaneously investigate the specific contribution of neurocognitive, social cognitive, and clinical variables to creativity in schizophrenia. METHODS One hundred and one patients with schizophrenia were assessed in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, neurocognitive, social cognitive, and creativity variables. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic variables, regression analyses showed that higher social perception (β = 0.286, p = .004) and processing speed (β = 0.219, p = .023) predicted creativity total score. Higher social perception (β = 0.298, p = .002) and processing speed (β = 0.277, p = .004) explained figural creativity. Finally, lower negative symptoms (β = -0.302, p = .002) and higher social perception (β = 0.210, p = .029) predicted verbal creativity. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that neurocognitive, social cognitive, as well as clinical symptoms influence creativity of patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, these findings point out the prominent role of social cognition in creativity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agurne Sampedro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Pedro Sánchez
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vizcaya, Spain.
| | | | - Cristóbal Pavón
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Alava, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Isabel Hervella
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Alava, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Mikel Tous-Espelosin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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22
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Creativity is associated with a characteristic U-shaped function of alpha power changes accompanied by an early increase in functional coupling. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:1012-1021. [PMID: 30756348 PMCID: PMC6711878 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although there exists increasing knowledge about brain correlates underlying creative ideation in general, the specific neurocognitive mechanisms implicated in different stages of the creative thinking process are still under-researched. Some recent EEG studies suggested that alpha power during creative ideation varies as a function of time, with the highest levels of alpha power after stimulus onset and at the end of the creative thinking process. The main aim of the present study was to replicate and extend this finding by applying an individual differences approach, and by investigating functional coupling between long distance cortical sites during the process of creative ideation. Eighty-six participants performed the Alternate Uses (AU) task during EEG assessment. Results revealed that more original people showed increased alpha power after stimulus onset and before finalizing the process of idea generation. This U-shaped alpha power pattern was accompanied by an early increase in functional communication between frontal and parietal-occipital sites during the creative thinking process, putatively indicating activation of top-down executive control processes. Participants with lower originality showed no significant time-related variation in alpha power and a delayed increase in long distance functional communication. These findings are in line with dual process models of creative ideation and support the idea that increased alpha power at the beginning of the creative ideation process may indicate more associative modes of thinking and memory processes, while the alpha increases at later stages may indicate executive control processes, associated with idea elaboration/evaluation.
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Lu K, Xue H, Nozawa T, Hao N. Cooperation Makes a Group be More Creative. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3457-3470. [PMID: 30192902 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how cooperative and competitive interaction modes affect the group creative performance. The participants were recruited as dyads to solve 2 problems either demanding divergent thinking (alternative uses task, AUT) or not (object characteristic task, OCT). The dyads solved 1 of the 2 problems in the cooperative mode and the other in the competitive mode. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning was used to record their neural activities in the prefrontal and right temporal-parietal junction (r-TPJ) regions. Results revealed the dyads showed higher AUT fluency, AUT originality, OCT fluency, and cooperation level in the cooperative mode than in the competitive mode. The fNIRS data revealed increased (task-baseline) interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r-DLPFC) and r-TPJ, only for dyads in the AUT/cooperation condition. In both r-DLPFC and r-TPJ, the IBS of dyads in the AUT/cooperation condition was stronger than in the AUT/competition and OCT/cooperation. Moreover, a stronger IBS was evoked between the regions in prefrontal and posterior temporal regions in the AUT/cooperation condition, as compared with the competition mode. These findings suggest that enhanced IBS may underlie the positive effects of cooperation as compared with the competition in terms of group creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Collaborative Research Center for Happiness Co-Creation Society through Intelligent Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ning Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Sampedro A, Peña J, Ibarretxe‐Bilbao N, Sánchez P, Iriarte‐Yoller N, Ledesma‐González S, Tous‐Espelosin M, Ojeda N. Mediating role of cognition and social cognition on creativity among patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls: Revisiting the Shared Vulnerability Model. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:149-155. [PMID: 31707749 PMCID: PMC7027444 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM As suggested by the Shared Vulnerability Model, impairment in executive functions could lead to worse creative performance among individuals with schizophrenia. Another impaired function in schizophrenia, previously related to creativity in healthy people, is theory of mind. However, little is known about the effect of theory of mind in creativity in schizophrenia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze differences in creativity among patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HC) and to explore the potential role of executive functions and theory of mind as mediators of this relation. METHODS Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and 45 HC underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including executive functions (cognitive flexibility and working memory), theory of mind, and verbal and figural creativity. RESULTS As expected, patients with schizophrenia obtained lower scores in creativity, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and theory of mind compared to HC. Path analysis showed that theory of mind mediated the relation between group (schizophrenia or HC) and both figural (Z = 2.075, P = 0.037) and verbal creativity (Z = 2.570, P = 0.010). Working memory mediated the relation between group and figural creativity (Z = 2.034, P = 0.041) and was marginally significant for verbal creativity (Z = 1.930, P = 0.053). Finally, cognitive flexibility mediated between group and figural creativity (Z = 2.454, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Results suggest that the lower performance in creativity among patients with schizophrenia was partly due to an impairment in executive functions and theory of mind. The involvement of theory of mind opens up a new field of research as a possible risk factor in the Shared Vulnerability Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agurne Sampedro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and EducationUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and EducationUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe‐Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and EducationUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Pedro Sánchez
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de AlavaVitoriaSpain
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, School of Medicine and OdontologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)VizcayaSpain
| | | | - Sara Ledesma‐González
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and EducationUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Mikel Tous‐Espelosin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and SportUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and EducationUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
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Agnoli S, Zanon M, Mastria S, Avenanti A, Corazza GE. Predicting response originality through brain activity: An analysis of changes in EEG alpha power during the generation of alternative ideas. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116385. [PMID: 31756520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing neurophysiological evidence points to a role of alpha oscillations in divergent thinking (DT). In particular, studies have shown a consistent EEG alpha synchronization during performance on the Alternative Uses Task (AUT), a well-established DT task. However, there is a need for investigating the brain dynamics underlying the production of a sequence of multiple, alternative ideas at the AUT and their relationship with idea originality. In twenty young adults, we investigated changes in alpha power during performance on a structured version of the AUT, requiring to ideate four alternative uses for conventional objects in distinct and sequentially balanced time periods. Data analysis followed a three-step approach, including behaviour aspects, physiology aspects, and their mutual relationship. At the behavioural level, we observed a typical serial order effect during DT production, with an increase of originality associated with an increase in ideational time and a decrease in response percentage over the four responses. This pattern was paralleled by a shift from alpha desynchronization to alpha synchronization across production of the four alternative ideas. Remarkably, alpha power changes were able to explain response originality, with a differential role of alpha power over different sensor sites. In particular, alpha synchronization over frontal, central, and temporal sites was able to predict the generation of original ideas in the first phases of the DT process, whereas alpha synchronization over centro-parietal sites persistently predicted response originality during the entire DT production. Moreover, a bilateral hemispheric effect in frontal sites and a left-lateralized effect in central, temporal, and parietal sensor sites emerged as predictors of the increase in response originality. These findings highlight the temporal dynamics of DT production across the generation of alternative ideas and support a partially distinct functional role of specific cortical areas during DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Agnoli
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy.
| | - Marco Zanon
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Viale Ardeatina, 00179, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Mastria
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy; Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive (CsrNC), Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Viale Europa 980, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Corazza
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy; Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Miroshnik KG, Shcherbakova OV. The proportion and creativity of “old” and “new” ideas: Are they related to fluid intelligence? INTELLIGENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2019.101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Wang X, He Y, Lu K, Deng C, Qiao X, Hao N. How does the embodied metaphor affect creative thinking? Neuroimage 2019; 202:116114. [PMID: 31442486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neural correlates of the embodied metaphor "breaking the rules" and how it affects creativity by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To embody the metaphor "breaking the rules," we created a circumstance in which participants can experience "breaking the walls" through virtual reality (VR) technology. Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: the "break-wall" condition, where they broke the walls to move forward; the "auto-wall" condition, where the barrier wall opened automatically; and the "no-wall" condition, where no barrier walls appeared. While walking in the virtual scenes, participants were asked to solve a creativity-demanding problem and to wear the fNIRS device to record their neural activities. It was found that participants showed better creative performance in the "break-wall" condition than in the other conditions. Weaker activations were found in the frontopolar cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the somatosensory association cortex under the "break-wall" condition, which may be associated with rule-breaking behaviors, creative performance, and sense of embodiment. These findings may indicate that physical actions of "breaking the wall" activate the conceptual metaphor of "breaking the rules," which triggers brain activities related to rule-breaking, thus affecting creative performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinuo Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Kraus B, Cadle C, Simon-Dack S. EEG alpha activity is moderated by the serial order effect during divergent thinking. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Wang X, Duan H, Kan Y, Wang B, Qi S, Hu W. The creative thinking cognitive process influenced by acute stress in humans: an electroencephalography study. Stress 2019; 22:472-481. [PMID: 31023110 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1604665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the underlying neural mechanism of acute stress affecting creative thinking. Twenty-six male participants underwent the Alternative Uses Test before and after acute stress test (Montreal Imaging Stress Task). Compared to before stress, stressed participants responded with higher salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase. The electroencephalogram results indicated a general decrease in upper-frequency alpha power after stress, compared with that of before stress. The decrease in upper-frequency alpha power observed in the first stage after exposure to stress was related to memory and attention. Additionally, stress also reduced the differences between individuals with different creative abilities. In summary, these findings indicated that acute stress impaired creative thinking and primarily affected the earlier phase of the process of creative cognition. This study provides some practical implications for educational practice and corporate innovation in that a more relaxed environment promotes creative output. Lay Summary Acute stress impaired creative thinking performance and mainly affects the earlier phase of the process of creative cognition. Additionally, stress seems to reduce the differences between individuals with different creative abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Haijun Duan
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P. R. China
- b Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Towards Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Yuecui Kan
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Botao Wang
- c Mental Health Education Center, Xidian University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Senqing Qi
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Weiping Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P. R. China
- b Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Towards Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University , Beijing , P. R. China
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30
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Modulation of automatic and creative features of the Remote Associates Test by angular gyrus stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:348-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Kleinmintz OM, Ivancovsky T, Shamay-Tsoory SG. The two-fold model of creativity: the neural underpinnings of the generation and evaluation of creative ideas. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Measurement matters: the relationship between methods of scoring the Alternate Uses Task and brain activation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Duan H, Wang X, Hu W, Kounios J. Effects of acute stress on divergent and convergent problem-solving. THINKING & REASONING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1572539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Towards Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Towards Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - John Kounios
- Creativity Research Laboratory Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Barbot B. The Dynamics of Creative Ideation: Introducing a New Assessment Paradigm. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2529. [PMID: 30618952 PMCID: PMC6297799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite six decades of creative cognition research, measures of creative ideation have heavily relied on divergent thinking tasks, which still suffer from conceptual, design, and psychometric shortcomings. These shortcomings have greatly impeded the accurate study of creative ideation, its dynamics, development, and integration as part of a comprehensive psychological assessment. After a brief overview of the historical and current anchoring of creative ideation measurement, overlooked challenges in its most common operationalization (i.e., divergent thinking tasks framework) are discussed. They include (1) the reliance on a single stimulus as a starting point of the creative ideation process (stimulus-dependency), (2) the analysis of response quality based on a varying number of observations across test-takers (fluency-dependency), and (3) the production of "static" cumulative performance indicators. Inspired from an emerging line of work from the field of cognitive neuroscience of creativity, this paper introduces a new assessment framework referred to as "Multi-Trial Creative Ideation" (MTCI). This framework shifts the current measurement paradigm by (1) offering a variety of stimuli presented in a well-defined set of ideation "trials," (2) reinterprets the concept of ideational fluency using a time-analysis of idea generation, and (3) captures individual dynamics in the ideation process (e.g., modeling the effort-time required to reach a response of maximal uncommonness) while controlling for stimulus-specific sources of variation. Advantages of the MTCI framework over the classic divergent thinking paradigm are discussed in light of current directions in the field of creativity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Barbot
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York City, NY, United States.,Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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35
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Hass RW, Beaty RE. Use or Consequences: Probing the Cognitive Difference Between Two Measures of Divergent Thinking. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2327. [PMID: 30542311 PMCID: PMC6278612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted both similarities and differences between the cognitive processing that underpins memory retrieval and that which underpins creative thinking. To date, studies have focused more heavily on the Alternative Uses task, but fewer studies have investigated the processing underpinning other idea generation tasks. This study examines both Alternative Uses and Consequences idea generation with a methods pulled from cognitive psychology, and a novel method for evaluating the creativity of such responses. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk using a custom interface allowing for requisite experimental control. Results showed that both Alternative Uses and Consequences generation are well approximated by an exponential cumulative response time model, consistent with studies of memory retrieval. Participants were also slower to generate their first consequence compared with first responses to Alternative Uses, but inter-response time was negatively related to pairwise similarity on both tasks. Finally, the serial order effect is exhibited for both tasks, with Consequences earning more creative evaluations than Uses. The results have implications for burgeoning neuroscience research on creative thinking, and suggestions are made for future areas of inquiry. In addition, the experimental apparatus described provides an equitable way for researchers to obtain good quality cognitive data for divergent thinking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Hass
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University-East Falls, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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36
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Hass RW, Rivera M, Silvia PJ. On the Dependability and Feasibility of Layperson Ratings of Divergent Thinking. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1343. [PMID: 30150952 PMCID: PMC6099101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new system for subjective rating of responses to divergent thinking tasks was tested using raters recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. The rationale for the study was to determine if such raters could provide reliable (aka generalizable) ratings from the perspective of generalizability theory. To promote reliability across the Alternative Uses and Consequence task prompts often used by researchers as measures of Divergent Thinking, two parallel scales were developed to facilitate feasibility and validity of ratings performed by laypeople. Generalizability and dependability studies were conducted separately for two scoring systems: the average-rating system and the snapshot system. Results showed that it is difficult to achieve adequate reliability using the snapshot system, while good reliability can be achieved on both task families using the average-rating system and a specific number of items and raters. Additionally, the construct validity of the average-rating system is generally good, with less validity for certain Consequences items. Recommendations for researchers wishing to adopt the new scales are discussed, along with broader issues of generalizability of subjective creativity ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Hass
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marisa Rivera
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul J Silvia
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Xue H, Lu K, Hao N. Cooperation makes two less-creative individuals turn into a highly-creative pair. Neuroimage 2018; 172:527-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Neural Activity Associated with Information Selection in Open-ended Creativity. Neuroscience 2017; 371:268-276. [PMID: 29247775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel information selection is a crucial process in creativity and was found to be associated with frontal-temporal functional connectivity in the right brain in closed-ended creativity. Since it has distinct cognitive processing from closed-ended creativity, the information selection in open-ended creativity might be underlain by different neural activity. To address this issue, a creative generation task of Chinese two-part allegorical sayings was adopted, and the trials were classified into novel and normal solutions according to participants' self-ratings. The results showed that (1) novel solutions induced a higher lower alpha power in the temporal area, which might be associated with the automatic, unconscious mental process of retrieving extensive semantic information, and (2) upper alpha power in both frontal and temporal areas and frontal-temporal alpha coherence were higher in novel solutions than in normal solutions, which might reflect the selective inhibition of semantic information. Furthermore, lower alpha power in the temporal area showed a reduction with time, while the frontal-temporal and temporal-temporal coherence in the upper alpha band appeared to increase from the early to the middle phase. These dynamic changes in neural activity might reflect the transformation from divergent thinking to convergent thinking in the creative progress. The advantage of the right brain in frontal-temporal connectivity was not found in the present work, which might result from the diversity of solutions in open-ended creativity.
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