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Loprinzi PD, Caplan JB. Lack of effects of acute exercise intensity on mnemonic discrimination. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241238881. [PMID: 38424033 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241238881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is thought to support episodic memory by pattern separation, thereby supporting the ability to discriminate high similarity items. Past research evaluating whether acute exercise can improve mnemonic discrimination of high similarity items is mixed. The present experiment attempts to extend these prior mixed findings by evaluating the effects of multiple exercise intensities on hippocampal-dependent, mnemonic discrimination and memory performance. Fifty-seven young adults completed a three-condition (control, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity), within-subjects crossover pretest-posttest comparison. We observed no effects of acute exercise on recognition memory or mnemonic discrimination. We discuss the implications of these null findings with the broader literature by discussing the complexity of this potential exercise-mnemonic discrimination relationship, including the unique role of exercise intensity, differences in the level of processing (e.g., conceptual vs. perceptual), and unique brain regions involved in mnemonic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy B Caplan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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2
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Lauzon C, Chiasso D, Rabin JS, Ciaramelli E, Rosenbaum RS. Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Play a Selective Role in Pattern Separation. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:435-446. [PMID: 38060255 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans have the capacity to form new memories of events that are, at times, highly similar to events experienced in the past, as well as the capacity to integrate and associate new information within existing knowledge structures. The former process relies on mnemonic discrimination and is believed to depend on hippocampal pattern separation, whereas the latter is believed to depend on generalization signals and conceptual categorization supported by the neocortex. Here, we examine whether and how the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) supports discrimination and generalization on a widely used task that was primarily designed to tax hippocampal processes. Ten individuals with lesions to the vMPFC and 46 neurotypical control participants were administered an adapted version of the mnemonic similarity task [Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. L. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation (BPS) in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442-2449, 2013], which assesses the ability to distinguish previously learned images of everyday objects (targets) from unstudied, highly similar images (lures) and dissimilar images (foils). Relative to controls, vMPFC-lesioned individuals showed intact discrimination of lures from targets but a propensity to mistake studied targets and similar lures for dissimilar foils. This pattern was accompanied by inflated confidence despite low accuracy when responding to similar lures. These findings demonstrate a more general role of the vMPFC in memory retrieval, rather than a specific role in supporting pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lauzon
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Chiasso
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- University of Toronto, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Ciaramelli
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Chwiesko C, Janecek J, Doering S, Hollearn M, McMillan L, Vandekerckhove J, Lee MD, Ratcliff R, Yassa MA. Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach. Learn Mem 2023; 30:296-309. [PMID: 37923355 PMCID: PMC10631138 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053838.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The mnemonic discrimination task (MDT) is a widely used cognitive assessment tool. Performance in this task is believed to indicate an age-related deficit in episodic memory stemming from a decreased ability to pattern-separate among similar experiences. However, cognitive processes other than memory ability might impact task performance. In this study, we investigated whether nonmnemonic decision-making processes contribute to the age-related deficit in the MDT. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian version of the Ratcliff diffusion model to the MDT performance of 26 younger and 31 cognitively normal older adults. It allowed us to decompose decision behavior in the MDT into different underlying cognitive processes, represented by specific model parameters. Model parameters were compared between groups, and differences were evaluated using the Bayes factor. Our results suggest that the age-related decline in MDT performance indicates a predominantly mnemonic deficit rather than differences in nonmnemonic decision-making processes. In addition, this mnemonic deficit might also involve a slowing in processes related to encoding and retrieval strategies, which are relevant for successful memory as well. These findings help to better understand what cognitive processes contribute to the age-related decline in MDT performance and may help to improve the diagnostic value of this popular task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chwiesko
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - John Janecek
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie Doering
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Martina Hollearn
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Joachim Vandekerckhove
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Roger Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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4
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Jensen A, Karpov G, Collin CA, Davidson PSR. Executive Function Predicts Older Adults' Lure Discrimination Difficulties on the Mnemonic Similarity Task. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1642-1650. [PMID: 37330622 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults often have difficulty remembering the details of recently encountered objects. We previously found this with the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Surprisingly, the older adults' MST Lure Discrimination Index (LDI) was significantly correlated with visual acuity but not with memory or executive function. Here we ran a replication with new, larger samples of young (N = 45) and older adults (N = 70). We then combined the original and replication older adult samples (N = 108) to critically examine the relative contributions of visual acuity, memory, and executive function composite scores to LDI performance using dominance analysis. This provided, to our knowledge, the first direct statistical comparison of all 3 of these factors and their interactions on LDI. METHODS Participants completed the MST and a battery assessing visual acuity, memory, and executive function. We examined age group differences on MST performance in the new (i.e., replication) young and older adult samples and performed multiple regression and dominance analysis on the combined older adult sample. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, the older adults showed significantly poorer LDI but preserved item recognition. LDI was significantly correlated with both memory and executive function but not with visual acuity. In the combined older adult sample, all 3 composites predicted LDI, but dominance analysis indicated that executive function was the most important predictor. DISCUSSION Older adults' MST LDI difficulty may be predicted by their executive function and visual acuity. These factors should be considered when interpreting older adults' MST performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Jensen
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Galit Karpov
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles A Collin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Herman D, Baker S, Chow R, Cazes J, Alain C, Rosenbaum RS. Mismatch negativity as a marker of auditory pattern separation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10181-10193. [PMID: 37522256 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To what extent does incidental encoding of auditory stimuli influence subsequent episodic memory for the same stimuli? We examined whether the mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential generated by auditory change detection, is correlated with participants' ability to discriminate those stimuli (i.e. targets) from highly similar lures and from dissimilar foils. We measured the MMN in 30 young adults (18-32 years, 18 females) using a passive auditory oddball task with standard and deviant 5-tone sequences differing in pitch contour. After exposure, all participants completed an incidental memory test for old targets, lures, and foils. As expected, participants at test exhibited high sensitivity in recognizing target items relative to foils and lower sensitivity in recognizing target items relative to lures. Notably, we found a significant correlation between MMN amplitude and lure discrimination, but not foil discrimination. Our investigation shows that our capacity to discriminate sensory inputs at encoding, as measured by the MMN, translates into precision in memory for those inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Herman
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Stevenson Baker
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Jaime Cazes
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
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6
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Amer T, Davachi L. Extra-hippocampal contributions to pattern separation. eLife 2023; 12:82250. [PMID: 36972123 PMCID: PMC10042541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern separation, or the process by which highly similar stimuli or experiences in memory are represented by non-overlapping neural ensembles, has typically been ascribed to processes supported by the hippocampus. Converging evidence from a wide range of studies, however, suggests that pattern separation is a multistage process supported by a network of brain regions. Based on this evidence, considered together with related findings from the interference resolution literature, we propose the 'cortico-hippocampal pattern separation' (CHiPS) framework, which asserts that brain regions involved in cognitive control play a significant role in pattern separation. Particularly, these regions may contribute to pattern separation by (1) resolving interference in sensory regions that project to the hippocampus, thus regulating its cortical input, or (2) directly modulating hippocampal processes in accordance with task demands. Considering recent interest in how hippocampal operations are modulated by goal states likely represented and regulated by extra-hippocampal regions, we argue that pattern separation is similarly supported by neocortical-hippocampal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Amer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Nathan Kline Research Institute, Orangeburg, United States
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7
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Belliart-Guérin G, Planche V. Mnemonic Discrimination Performance in a Memory Clinic: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1527-1534. [PMID: 37458033 PMCID: PMC10473128 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mnemonic discrimination is the behavioral ability stemming from pattern separation, which is the neural process of establishing independent and non-overlapping new memories. Over the past two decades, its assessment in various populations has contributed to a better conceptual understanding of age-related memory decline. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical relevance of mnemonic discrimination in the memory clinics setting. METHODS This retrospective study was performed in 90 patients with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)>18 who consulted our memory clinic for the first time. All patients were tested with the Mnemonic Similarity Task, a freely available computerized test. Global cognitive function, executive function, visuoconstructional abilities, and verbal and visual episodic memory were also collected, together with the diagnosis after the initial clinical assessment (subjective cognitive complaint [SCC], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], or mild dementia). RESULTS Mnemonic discrimination performance was correlated with global cognitive function, executive function, and visual and verbal episodic memory scores, independent of age. It discriminated patients with SCC from those with MCI (amnestic or non-amnestic) with moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.77-0.78), similar to MMSE and the Frontal Assessment Battery (AUC = 0.74-0.84). Mnemonic discrimination performance did not distinguish between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI and the variability of the measure was important within groups. CONCLUSION Mnemonic discrimination performance involves many cognitive domains and discriminates between patients with SCC and MCI with performance equivalent to "paper-and-pencil" screening tests. Further dedicated prospective studies will determine whether this task is of interest beyond research purposes, as a diagnostic or screening tool in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Belliart-Guérin
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
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8
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Diederich N, Ziegler M, Kaernbach C. Artificial neural network performance based on correlation analysis qualitatively comparable with human performance in behavioral signal detection experiments. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:279-289. [PMID: 35766442 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00393.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard Gaussian signal detection theory (SDT) is a widely used approach to assess the detection performance of living organisms or technical systems without looking at the inner workings of these systems like neural or electronic mechanisms. Nevertheless, a consideration of the inner mechanisms of a system and how they produce observed behaviors should help to better understand the functioning. It might even offer the possibility to demonstrate isolated pattern separation processes directly in the model. To do so, modeling the interaction between the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the hippocampal subnetwork dentate gyrus (DG) via the perforant path reveals the decorrelation network's mode of operation. We show that the ability to do pattern separation is crucial for high-performance pattern recognition, but also for lure discrimination, and depends on the proportionality between input and output network. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We elucidate the interplay of the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus during pattern separation tasks by providing a new simulation model. Functional memory formation and processing of similar memory content is illuminated from within the system. For the first time orthogonalized spiking patterns are evaluated with signal detection theory methods, and the results are applied to clinically established and novel tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Diederich
- Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems, Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies-IMN MacroNano®, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.,Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems, Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies-IMN MacroNano®, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Christian Kaernbach
- Department of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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9
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Lalani SJ, Reyes A, Kaestner E, Stark SM, Stark CEL, Lee D, Kansal L, Shih JJ, Smith CN, Paul BM, McDonald CR. Impaired Behavioral Pattern Separation in Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:550-562. [PMID: 34078506 PMCID: PMC8965747 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Episodic memory impairment and hippocampal pathology are hallmark features of both temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Pattern separation (PS), which enables the distinction between similar but unique experiences, is thought to contribute to successful encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. Impaired PS has been proposed as a potential mechanism underling episodic memory impairment in aMCI, but this association is less established in TLE. In this study, we examined behavioral PS in patients with TLE and explored whether profiles of performance in TLE are similar to aMCI. METHOD Patients with TLE, aMCI, and age-matched, healthy controls (HCs) completed a modified recognition task that relies on PS for the discrimination of highly similar lure items, the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Group differences were evaluated and relationships between clinical characteristics, California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition scores, and MST performance were tested in the TLE group. RESULTS Patients with TLE and aMCI demonstrated poorer PS performance relative to the HCs, but performance did not differ between the two patient groups. Neither the side of seizure focus nor having hippocampal sclerosis affected performance in TLE. However, TLE patients with clinically defined memory impairment showed the poorest performance. CONCLUSION Memory performance on a task that relies on PS was disrupted to a similar extent in TLE and aMCI. The MST could provide a clinically useful tool for measuring hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in TLE and other neurological disorders associated with hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam J Lalani
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anny Reyes
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leena Kansal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerry J Shih
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brianna M Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Szőllősi Á, Kéri S, Racsmány M. The key to superior memory encoding under stress: the relationship between cortisol response and mnemonic discrimination. Learn Mem 2022; 29:7-15. [PMID: 34911799 PMCID: PMC8686593 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053452.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Some previous studies have shown that increased stress hormone levels have beneficial effects on memory encoding; however, there is no clear consensus on which encoding-related processes are affected by stress hormones. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between interindividual differences in neuroendocrine response to acute stress and interference resolution (i.e., mnemonic discrimination). Participants were healthy young adults who were exposed to physical and psychological stressors (Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test). Then participants completed the modified version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Specifically, they were presented with photographs of emotionally arousing (negative and positive) and nonarousing (neutral) scenes followed by a recognition memory test where they saw a mixture of old and new stimuli. Crucially, participants were also presented with critical lure items, that is, visually similar stimuli to ones presented at encoding. We found that participants who had higher cortisol response to the stressors were better in discriminating between the studied items and their visually similar lures. This effect was present for the arousing and nonarousing materials as well. These findings suggest that increased hormonal response to acute stress has a beneficial impact on the formation of distinct, nonoverlapping, unique memory representations, and consequently, on episodic memory encoding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szőllősi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117-Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-Budapest, Hungary,Nyíro˝ Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135-Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111-Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117-Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Mille J, Brambati SM, Izaute M, Vallet GT. Low-Resolution Neurocognitive Aging and Cognition: An Embodied Perspective. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:687393. [PMID: 34385911 PMCID: PMC8353153 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.687393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with embodied cognition, a growing evidence in young adults show that sensorimotor processing is at the core of cognition. Considering that this approach predicts direct interaction between sensorimotor processing and cognition, embodied cognition may thus be particularly relevant to study aging, since this population is characterized by concomitant changes in sensorimotor and cognitive processing. The present perspective aims at showing the value and interest to explore normal aging throughout embodiment by focusing on the neurophysiological and cognitive changes occurring in aging. To this end, we report some of the neurophysiological substrates underpinning the perceptual and memory interactions in older adults, from the low and high perceptual processing to the conjunction in the medial temporal lobe. We then explore how these changes could explain more broadly the cognitive changes associated with aging in terms of losses and gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mille
- CNRS, LAPSCO (UMR CNRS 6024), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marie Izaute
- CNRS, LAPSCO (UMR CNRS 6024), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume T Vallet
- CNRS, LAPSCO (UMR CNRS 6024), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Rizzolo L, Narbutas J, Van Egroo M, Chylinski D, Besson G, Baillet M, Ali Bahri M, Salmon E, Maquet P, Vandewalle G, Bastin C, Collette F. Relationship between brain AD biomarkers and episodic memory performance in healthy aging. Brain Cogn 2021; 148:105680. [PMID: 33418512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of brain biomarkers can be observed decades before the first clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to determine whether associations between biomarkers and episodic memory performance already exist in a healthy late middle-aged population or only in participants over 60 years old. Performance at the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test [FCSRT], the Logical Memory test and the Mnemonic Similarity Task [MST] was determined in sixty healthy participants (50-70 y.) with a negative status for amyloid-beta (Aβ) biomarker. We assessed Aβ cortical level and tau/neuroinflammation burden using PET scanner, and hippocampal atrophy with MRI scanner. Generalized linear mixed models showed that MST scores (recognition and pattern separation) were positively associated with hippocampal volume in participants over 60 years. No association between memory performance and Aβ and tau/neuroinflammation burden was found in the older or in the younger age group. This suggests that visual recognition memory and discrimination of lures may constitute early cognitive markers of memory decline in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rizzolo
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Justinas Narbutas
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daphne Chylinski
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Besson
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marion Baillet
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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