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Moore SJ, Cazares VA, Temme SJ, Murphy GG. Age-related deficits in neuronal physiology and cognitive function are recapitulated in young mice overexpressing the L-type calcium channel, Ca V 1.3. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13781. [PMID: 36703244 PMCID: PMC10014069 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium dysregulation hypothesis of brain aging posits that an age-related increase in neuronal calcium concentration is responsible for alterations in a variety of cellular processes that ultimately result in learning and memory deficits in aged individuals. We previously generated a novel transgenic mouse line, in which expression of the L-type voltage-gated calcium, CaV 1.3, is increased by ~50% over wild-type littermates. Here, we show that, in young mice, this increase is sufficient to drive changes in neuronal physiology and cognitive function similar to those observed in aged animals. Specifically, there is an increase in the magnitude of the postburst afterhyperpolarization, a deficit in spatial learning and memory (assessed by the Morris water maze), a deficit in recognition memory (assessed in novel object recognition), and an overgeneralization of fear to novel contexts (assessed by contextual fear conditioning). While overexpression of CaV 1.3 recapitulated these key aspects of brain aging, it did not produce alterations in action potential firing rates, basal synaptic communication, or spine number/density. Taken together, these results suggest that increased expression of CaV 1.3 in the aged brain is a crucial factor that acts in concert with age-related changes in other processes to produce the full complement of structural, functional, and behavioral outcomes that are characteristic of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J. Moore
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Victor A. Cazares
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PsychologyWilliams CollegeWilliamstownMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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2
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Huffels CFM, van Dijk RE, Karst H, Meye FJ, Hol EM, Middeldorp J. Systemic Injection of Aged Blood Plasma in Adult C57BL/6 Mice Induces Neurophysiological Impairments in the Hippocampal CA1. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:283-297. [PMID: 35871343 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by systemic alterations and forms an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Recently, it has been indicated that blood-borne factors present in the systemic milieu contribute to the aging process. Exposing young mice to aged blood plasma results in impaired neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus, as well as impaired cognition. Vice versa, treating aged mice with young blood plasma rescues impairments associated with aging. OBJECTIVE Whether blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive impairments outside the dentate gyrus, how they impact neurophysiology, and how the functional outcome compares to impairments found in mouse models for AD is still unclear. METHODS Here, we treated adult mice with blood plasma from aged mice and assessed neurophysiological parameters in the hippocampal CA1. RESULTS Mice treated with aged blood plasma show significantly impaired levels of long-term potentiation (LTP), similar to those present in APP/PS1 mice. These impaired levels of LTP in plasma-treated mice are associated with alterations in basic properties of glutamatergic transmission and the enhanced activity of voltage-gated Ca2 + channels. CONCLUSION Together, the data presented in this study show that blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive neurophysiological impairments in the hippocampal CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland E van Dijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Karst
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Meye
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Xie K, Kapetanou M, Sidiropoulou K, Bano D, Gonos ES, Djordjevic AM, Ehninger D. Signaling pathways of dietary energy restriction and metabolism on brain physiology and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111364. [PMID: 32991920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several laboratory animal models have shown that dietary energy restriction (ER) can promote longevity and improve various health aspects in old age. However, whether the entire spectrum of ER-induced short- and long-term physiological and metabolic adaptions is translatable to humans remains to be determined. In this review article, we present recent evidence towards the elucidation of the impact of ER on brain physiology and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss modulatory influences of ER on metabolism and overall on human health, limitations of current experimental designs as well as future perspectives for ER trials in humans. Finally, we summarize signaling pathways and processes known to be affected by both aging and ER with a special emphasis on the link between ER and cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | | | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Moore SJ, Murphy GG. The role of L-type calcium channels in neuronal excitability and aging. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 173:107230. [PMID: 32407963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there has been significant progress towards understanding the neural substrates that underlie age-related cognitive decline. Although many of the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms have yet to be fully understood, there is consensus that alterations in neuronal calcium homeostasis contribute to age-related deficits in learning and memory. Furthermore, it is thought that the age-related changes in calcium homeostasis are driven, at least in part, by changes in calcium channel expression. In this review, we focus on the role of a specific class of calcium channels: L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LVGCCs). We provide the reader with a general introduction to voltage-gated calcium channels, followed by a more detailed description of LVGCCs and how they serve to regulate neuronal excitability via the post burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP). We conclude by reviewing studies that link the slow component of the AHP to learning and memory, and discuss how age-related increases in LVGCC expression may underlie cognitive decline by mediating a decrease in neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Moore
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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5
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Oh MM, Disterhoft JF. Learning and aging affect neuronal excitability and learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 167:107133. [PMID: 31786311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The first study that demonstrated a change in intrinsic neuronal excitability after learning in ex vivo brain tissue slices from a mammal was published over thirty years ago. Numerous other manuscripts describing similar learning-related changes have followed over the years since the original paper demonstrating the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons from rabbits that learned delay eyeblink conditioning was published. In addition to the learning-related changes, aging-related enlargement of the postburst AHP in CA1 pyramidal neurons have been reported. Extensive work has been done relating slow afterhyperpolarization enhancement in CA1 hippocampus to slowed learning in some aging animals. These reproducible findings strongly implicate modulation of the postburst AHP as an essential cellular mechanism necessary for successful learning, at least in learning tasks that engage CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, United States
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, United States.
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FK506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b, a Negative Regulator of [Ca 2+], Rescues Memory and Restores Genomic Regulation in the Hippocampus of Aging Rats. J Neurosci 2017; 38:1030-1041. [PMID: 29255009 PMCID: PMC5783960 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2234-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a negative regulator of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release, reverses aging-induced memory impairment and neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FKBP1b also can protect downstream transcriptional networks from aging-induced dysregulation. We gave hippocampal microinjections of FKBP1b-expressing viral vector to male rats at either 13 months of age (long-term, LT) or 19 months of age (short-term, ST) and tested memory performance in the Morris water maze at 21 months of age. Aged rats treated ST or LT with FKBP1b substantially outperformed age-matched vector controls and performed similarly to each other and young controls (YCs). Transcriptional profiling in the same animals identified 2342 genes with hippocampal expression that was upregulated/downregulated in aged controls (ACs) compared with YCs (the aging effect). Of these aging-dependent genes, 876 (37%) also showed altered expression in aged FKBP1b-treated rats compared with ACs, with FKBP1b restoring expression of essentially all such genes (872/876, 99.5%) in the direction opposite the aging effect and closer to levels in YCs. This inverse relationship between the aging and FKBP1b effects suggests that the aging effects arise from FKBP1b deficiency. Functional category analysis revealed that genes downregulated with aging and restored by FKBP1b were associated predominantly with diverse brain structure categories, including cytoskeleton, membrane channels, and extracellular region. Conversely, genes upregulated with aging but not restored by FKBP1b associated primarily with glial–neuroinflammatory, ribosomal, and lysosomal categories. Immunohistochemistry confirmed aging-induced rarefaction and FKBP1b-mediated restoration of neuronal microtubular structure. Therefore, a previously unrecognized genomic network modulating diverse brain structural processes is dysregulated by aging and restored by FKBP1b overexpression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previously, we found that hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a negative regulator of intracellular Ca2+ responses, reverses both aging-related Ca2+ dysregulation and cognitive impairment. Here, we tested whether hippocampal FKBP1b overexpression also counteracts aging changes in gene transcriptional networks. In addition to reducing memory deficits in aged rats, FKBP1b selectively counteracted aging-induced expression changes in 37% of aging-dependent genes, with cytoskeletal and extracellular structure categories highly associated with the FKBP1b-rescued genes. Our results indicate that, in parallel with cognitive processes, a novel transcriptional network coordinating brain structural organization is dysregulated with aging and restored by FKBP1b.
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Duncan MJ, Smith JT, Franklin KM. Time of day but not aging regulates 5-HT 7 receptor binding sites in the hamster hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:306-311. [PMID: 29107707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of 5-HT7 receptors influences memory as well as circadian rhythms and other processes. This study investigated the regulation of the 5-HT7 receptors in the hippocampus, a likely substrate for the effects of 5-HT7 receptor compounds on memory. Because endogenous serotonin release is higher during the active phase, and chronic treatment with a serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor down-regulates 5-HT7 receptors, we hypothesized that 5-HT7 receptors exhibit 24-h variations. We also hypothesized that aging decreases 5-HT7 receptors in the hippocampus, as it does in the dorsal raphe nucleus, a brain site for serotonergic resetting of circadian rhythms. Male hamsters (young, 3-5 mos; old, 17-21 mos) exposed to a light:dark cycle were euthanized at 4 times of day (zeitgeber times [ZT]1, 6, 13, & 19; ZT12=time of lights:off). 5-HT7 receptor autoradiography was conducted on hippocampal sections using [3H]8-OH-DPAT [2nM] as the radioligand and SB-269970 [1μM] to define nonspecific binding. Slide-mounted sections and radioactive standards were apposed to X-ray films; the resultant autoradiograms were assessed by computer-assisted microdensitometry. Specific 5-HT7 receptor binding was robustly expressed in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 but not in the CA2 or CA3. In the CA1 and DG, specific 5-HT7 receptor binding exhibited 24-h rhythms with troughs at night (P<0.005; P<0.05, respectively). Aging did not significantly affect specific 5-HT7 receptor binding in these regions, nor were significant time and age interactions observed. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of 5-HT7 drugs may vary with time of day of administration but not with the age of the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - J Tyler Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Franklin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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8
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Maimaiti S, Frazier HN, Anderson KL, Ghoweri AO, Brewer LD, Porter NM, Thibault O. Novel calcium-related targets of insulin in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2017; 364:130-142. [PMID: 28939258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Both insulin signaling disruption and Ca2+ dysregulation are closely related to memory loss during aging and increase the vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In hippocampal neurons, aging-related changes in calcium regulatory pathways have been shown to lead to higher intracellular calcium levels and an increase in the Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHP), which is associated with cognitive decline. Recent studies suggest that insulin reduces the Ca2+-dependent AHP. Given the sensitivity of neurons to insulin and evidence that brain insulin signaling is reduced with age, insulin-mediated alterations in calcium homeostasis may underlie the beneficial actions of insulin in the brain. Indeed, increasing insulin signaling in the brain via intranasal delivery has yielded promising results such as improving memory in both clinical and animal studies. However, while several mechanisms have been proposed, few have focused on regulation on intracellular Ca2+. In the present study, we further examined the effects of acute insulin on calcium pathways in primary hippocampal neurons in culture. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we found that acute insulin delivery reduced voltage-gated calcium currents. Fura-2 imaging was used to also address acute insulin effects on spontaneous and depolarization-mediated Ca2+ transients. Results indicate that insulin reduced Ca2+ transients, which appears to have involved a reduction in ryanodine receptor function. Together, these results suggest insulin regulates pathways that control intracellular Ca2+ which may reduce the AHP and improve memory. This may be one mechanism contributing to improved memory recall in response to intranasal insulin therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaniya Maimaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Hilaree N Frazier
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Katie L Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Adam O Ghoweri
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Lawrence D Brewer
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Nada M Porter
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, UKMC, MS-310; 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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9
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Paeger L, Pippow A, Hess S, Paehler M, Klein AC, Husch A, Pouzat C, Brüning JC, Kloppenburg P. Energy imbalance alters Ca 2+ handling and excitability of POMC neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28762947 PMCID: PMC5538824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Satiety-signaling, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus play a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Recent studies reported altered mitochondrial dynamics and decreased mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum contacts in POMC neurons during diet-induced obesity. Since mitochondria play a crucial role in Ca2+ signaling, we investigated whether obesity alters Ca2+ handling of these neurons in mice. In diet-induced obesity, cellular Ca2+ handling properties including mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity are impaired, and an increased resting level of free intracellular Ca2+ is accompanied by a marked decrease in neuronal excitability. Experimentally increasing or decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations reproduced electrophysiological properties observed in diet-induced obesity. Taken together, we provide the first direct evidence for a diet-dependent deterioration of Ca2+ homeostasis in POMC neurons during obesity development resulting in impaired function of these critical energy homeostasis-regulating neurons. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25641.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Paeger
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Pippow
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Hess
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Paehler
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas C Klein
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Husch
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christophe Pouzat
- MAP5 - Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5, CNRS UMR 8145, Paris, France
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Frazier HN, Maimaiti S, Anderson KL, Brewer LD, Gant JC, Porter NM, Thibault O. Calcium's role as nuanced modulator of cellular physiology in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:981-987. [PMID: 27553276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientists studying normal brain aging, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused considerable effort on carefully characterizing intracellular perturbations in calcium dynamics or levels. At the cellular level, calcium is known for controlling life and death and orchestrating most events in between. For many years, intracellular calcium has been recognized as an essential ion associated with nearly all cellular functions from cell growth to degeneration. Often the emphasis is on the negative impact of calcium dysregulation and the typical worse-case-scenario leading inevitably to cell death. However, even high amplitude calcium transients, when executed acutely, can alter neuronal communication and synaptic strength in positive ways, without necessarily killing neurons. Here, we focus on the evidence that calcium has a subtle and distinctive role in shaping and controlling synaptic events that underpin neuronal communication and that these subtle changes in aging or AD may contribute to cognitive decline. We emphasize that calcium imaging in dendritic components is ultimately necessary to directly test for the presence of age- or disease-associated alterations during periods of synaptic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N Frazier
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lawrence D Brewer
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John C Gant
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Nada M Porter
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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11
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Kim H, Kang H, Heo RW, Jeon BT, Yi CO, Shin HJ, Kim J, Jeong SY, Kwak W, Kim WH, Kang SS, Roh GS. Caloric restriction improves diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1098-110. [PMID: 26661177 PMCID: PMC4908619 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15606724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cognitive decline has been recognized in human patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and mouse model of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms or therapeutic targets are not clearly identified. We investigated the effect of caloric restriction on diabetes-induced memory deficits and searched a molecular mechanism of caloric restriction-mediated neuroprotection. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 40 weeks and RNA-seq analysis was performed in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed mice. To investigate caloric restriction effect on differential expression of genes, mice were fed high-fat diet for 20 weeks and continued on high-fat diet or subjected to caloric restriction (2 g/day) for 12 weeks. High-fat diet-fed mice exhibited insulin resistance, glial activation, blood-brain barrier leakage, and memory deficits, in that we identified neurogranin, a down-regulated gene in high-fat diet-fed mice using RNA-seq analysis; neurogranin regulates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent synaptic function. Caloric restriction increased insulin sensitivity, reduced high-fat diet-induced blood-brain barrier leakage and glial activation, and improved memory deficit. Furthermore, caloric restriction reversed high-fat diet-induced expression of neurogranin and the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and calpain as well as the downstream effectors. Our results suggest that neurogranin is an important factor of high-fat diet-induced memory deficits on which caloric restriction has a therapeutic effect by regulating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rok Won Heo
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Chin-Ok Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Reversal of Aging-Related Neuronal Ca2+ Dysregulation and Cognitive Impairment by Delivery of a Transgene Encoding FK506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b to the Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26224869 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1248-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain Ca2+ regulatory processes are altered during aging, disrupting neuronal, and cognitive functions. In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, the Ca2+ -dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) exhibits an increase with aging, which correlates with memory impairment. The increased sAHP results from elevated L-type Ca2+ channel activity and ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca2+ release, but underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, we found that expression of the gene encoding FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a small immunophilin that stabilizes RyR-mediated Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes, declines in hippocampus of aged rats and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Additionally, knockdown/disruption of hippocampal FKBP1b in young rats augments neuronal Ca2+ responses. Here, we test the hypothesis that declining FKBP1b underlies aging-related hippocampal Ca2+ dysregulation. Using microinjection of adeno-associated viral vector bearing a transgene encoding FKBP1b into the hippocampus of aged male rats, we assessed the critical prediction that overexpressing FKBP1b should reverse Ca2+ -mediated manifestations of brain aging. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR confirmed hippocampal FKBP1b overexpression 4-6 weeks after injection. Compared to aged vector controls, aged rats overexpressing FKBP1b showed dramatic enhancement of spatial memory, which correlated with marked reduction of sAHP magnitude. Furthermore, simultaneous electrophysiological recording and Ca2+ imaging in hippocampal neurons revealed that the sAHP reduction was associated with a decrease in parallel RyR-mediated Ca2+ transients. Thus, hippocampal FKBP1b overexpression reversed key aspects of Ca2+ dysregulation and cognitive impairment in aging rats, supporting the novel hypothesis that declining FKBP1b is a molecular mechanism underlying aging-related Ca2+ dysregulation and unhealthy brain aging and pointing to FKBP1b as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This paper reports critical tests of a novel hypothesis that proposes a molecular mechanism of unhealthy brain aging and possibly, Alzheimer's disease. For more than 30 years, evidence has been accumulating that brain aging is associated with dysregulation of calcium in neurons. Recently, we found that FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a small protein that regulates calcium, declines with aging in the hippocampus, a brain region important for memory. Here we used gene therapy approaches and found that raising FKBP1b reversed calcium dysregulation and memory impairment in aging rats, allowing them to perform a memory task as well as young rats. These studies identify a potential molecular mechanism of brain aging and may also have implications for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Schafer MJ, Dolgalev I, Alldred MJ, Heguy A, Ginsberg SD. Calorie Restriction Suppresses Age-Dependent Hippocampal Transcriptional Signatures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133923. [PMID: 26221964 PMCID: PMC4519125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) enhances longevity and mitigates aging phenotypes in numerous species. Physiological responses to CR are cell-type specific and variable throughout the lifespan. However, the mosaic of molecular changes responsible for CR benefits remains unclear, particularly in brain regions susceptible to deterioration during aging. We examined the influence of long-term CR on the CA1 hippocampal region, a key learning and memory brain area that is vulnerable to age-related pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through mRNA sequencing and NanoString nCounter analysis, we demonstrate that one year of CR feeding suppresses age-dependent signatures of 882 genes functionally associated with synaptic transmission-related pathways, including calcium signaling, long-term potentiation (LTP), and Creb signaling in wild-type mice. By comparing the influence of CR on hippocampal CA1 region transcriptional profiles at younger-adult (5 months, 2.5 months of feeding) and older-adult (15 months, 12.5 months of feeding) timepoints, we identify conserved upregulation of proteome quality control and calcium buffering genes, including heat shock 70 kDa protein 1b (Hspa1b) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (Hspa5), protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 (Pdia4) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 6 (Pdia6), and calreticulin (Calr). Expression levels of putative neuroprotective factors, klotho (Kl) and transthyretin (Ttr), are also elevated by CR in adulthood, although the global CR-specific expression profiles at younger and older timepoints are highly divergent. At a previously unachieved resolution, our results demonstrate conserved activation of neuroprotective gene signatures and broad CR-suppression of age-dependent hippocampal CA1 region expression changes, indicating that CR functionally maintains a more youthful transcriptional state within the hippocampal CA1 sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J. Schafer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Neuner SM, Wilmott LA, Hope KA, Hoffmann B, Chong JA, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L, O'Connell KM, Tryba AK, Greene AS, Savio Chan C, Kaczorowski CC. TRPC3 channels critically regulate hippocampal excitability and contextual fear memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 281:69-77. [PMID: 25513972 PMCID: PMC4677051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Memory formation requires de novo protein synthesis, and memory disorders may result from misregulated synthesis of critical proteins that remain largely unidentified. Plasma membrane ion channels and receptors are likely candidates given their role in regulating neuron excitability, a candidate memory mechanism. Here we conduct targeted molecular monitoring and quantitation of hippocampal plasma membrane proteins from mice with intact or impaired contextual fear memory to identify putative candidates. Here we report contextual fear memory deficits correspond to increased Trpc3 gene and protein expression, and demonstrate TRPC3 regulates hippocampal neuron excitability associated with memory function. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for enhanced contextual fear memory reported herein following knockdown of TRPC3 in hippocampus. Collectively, TRPC3 modulates memory and may be a feasible target to enhance memory and treat memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lynda A Wilmott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kevin A Hope
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Joel Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kristen M O'Connell
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Andrew K Tryba
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew S Greene
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern Fienberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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15
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Sama DM, Norris CM. Calcium dysregulation and neuroinflammation: discrete and integrated mechanisms for age-related synaptic dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:982-95. [PMID: 23751484 PMCID: PMC3834216 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some of the best biomarkers of age-related cognitive decline are closely linked to synaptic function and plasticity. This review highlights several age-related synaptic alterations as they relate to Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis, through elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), and neuroinflammation, through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Though distinct in many ways, Ca(2+) and neuroinflammatory signaling mechanisms exhibit extensive cross-talk and bidirectional interactions. For instance, cytokine production in glial cells is strongly dependent on the Ca(2+) dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, which shows elevated activity in animal models of aging and disease. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, can augment the expression/activity of L-type voltage sensitive Ca(2+) channels in neurons, leading to Ca(2+) dysregulation, hyperactive calcineurin activity, and synaptic depression. Thus, in addition to discussing unique contributions of Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation, this review emphasizes how these processes interact to hasten age-related synaptic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Sama
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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16
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Thibault O, Anderson KL, DeMoll C, Brewer LD, Landfield PW, Porter NM. Hippocampal calcium dysregulation at the nexus of diabetes and brain aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:34-43. [PMID: 23872402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently it has become clear that conditions of insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes, are linked with moderate cognitive impairment in normal aging and elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease. It appears that a common feature of these conditions is impaired insulin signaling, affecting the brain as well as peripheral target tissues. A number of studies have documented that insulin directly affects brain processes and that reduced insulin signaling results in impaired learning and memory. Several studies have also shown that diabetes induces Ca(2+) dysregulation in neurons. Because brain aging is associated with substantial Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis, it has been proposed that impaired insulin signaling exacerbates or accelerates aging-related Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis. However, there have been few studies examining insulin interactions with Ca(2+) regulation in aging animals. We have been testing predictions of the Ca(2+) dysregulation/diabetes/brain aging hypothesis and have found that insulin and insulin-sensitizers (thiazolidinediones) target several hippocampal Ca(2+)-related processes affected by aging. The drugs appear able to reduce the age-dependent increase in Ca(2+) transients and the Ca(2+) -sensitive afterhyperpolarization. Thus, while additional testing is needed, the results to date are consistent with the view that strategies that enhance insulin signaling can counteract the effect of aging on Ca(2+) dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thibault
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Katie L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Chris DeMoll
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Lawrence D Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Philip W Landfield
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Nada M Porter
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, MS 313, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Oh MM, Oliveira FA, Waters J, Disterhoft JF. Altered calcium metabolism in aging CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7905-11. [PMID: 23637181 PMCID: PMC3679661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5457-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered neuronal calcium homeostasis is widely hypothesized to underlie cognitive deficits in normal aging subjects, but the mechanisms that underlie this change are unknown, possibly due to a paucity of direct measurements from aging neurons. Using CCD and two-photon calcium imaging techniques on CA1 pyramidal neurons from young and aged rats, we show that calcium influx across the plasma membrane increases with aging, and that this change is countered by increased intracellular calcium buffering. The additional buffer in aging neurons balances the increased calcium influx following a small number (<3) action potentials, but is overwhelmed during sustained or theta-like activity which leads to a greater rise in intracellular calcium concentration in aging than that in young neurons. Our results demonstrate that calcium overload occurs regularly in aging CA1 pyramidal neurons under physiological conditions. This overload may be a critical factor in age-related decline in hippocampus-dependent cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jack Waters
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - John F. Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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18
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Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) and dementia are of increasing concern to an ageing population. In recent years, there has been considerable research focused on effective dietary interventions that may prevent or ameliorate ARCD and dementia. While a number of studies have considered the impact that dairy products may have on physiological health, particularly with regard to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular health, further research is currently needed in order to establish the impact that dairy products have in the promotion of healthy brain function during ageing. The present review considers the available evidence for the positive effects of dairy products on the metabolic syndrome and glucose regulation, with consideration of the implications for neurocognitive health. A literature search of current (September 2010) meta-analyses/reviews and original research regarding dairy products and cognition was conducted through SCOPUS using the following search terms for dairy consituents: dairy, milk, cheese, yoghurt, probiotics, whey protein, alpha lactalbumin, calcium, B-12, bioactive peptides and colostrinin (CLN). These search terms for dairy products were combined with the following search terms related to cognition and health: cognition, cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, insulin resistance and glucose regulation. Concerns regarding SFA and other fatty acids found in dairy products are also reviewed in relation to different forms of dairy products. The review also considers recent evidence for positive neurocognitive effects associated with bioactive peptides, CLN and proline-rich polypeptides, α-lactalbumin, vitamin B12, calcium and probiotics. Future directions for the extraction and purification of beneficial constituents are also discussed. It is concluded that low-fat dairy products, when consumed regularly as part of a balanced diet, may have a number of beneficial outcomes for neurocognitive health during ageing.
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Disrupting function of FK506-binding protein 1b/12.6 induces the Ca²+-dysregulation aging phenotype in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 2011; 31:1693-703. [PMID: 21289178 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4805-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, multiple Ca(2+)-associated electrophysiological processes exhibit increased magnitude in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, including the Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) activity, Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and Ca(2+) transients. This pattern of Ca(2+) dysregulation correlates with reduced neuronal excitability/plasticity and impaired learning/memory and has been proposed to contribute to unhealthy brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In cardiomyocytes, FK506-binding protein 1b/12.6 (FKBP1b) binds and stabilizes RyR2 in the closed state, inhibiting RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. Moreover, we recently found that hippocampal Fkbp1b expression is downregulated, whereas Ryr2 and Frap1/Mtor (mammalian target of rapamycin) expression is upregulated with aging in rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that disrupting FKBP1b function also destabilizes Ca(2+) homeostasis in hippocampal neurons and is sufficient to induce the aging phenotype of Ca(2+) dysregulation in young animals. Selective knockdown of Fkbp1b with interfering RNA in vitro (96 h) enhanced voltage-gated Ca(2+) current in cultured neurons, whereas in vivo Fkbp1b knockdown by microinjection of viral vector (3-4 weeks) dramatically increased the sAHP in hippocampal slice neurons from young-adult rats. Rapamycin, which displaces FKBP1b from RyRs in myocytes, similarly enhanced VGCC current and the sAHP and also increased CICR. Moreover, FKBP1b knockdown in vivo was associated with upregulation of RyR2 and mTOR protein expression. Thus, disruption of FKBP1b recapitulated much of the Ca(2+)-dysregulation aging phenotype in young rat hippocampus, supporting a novel hypothesis that declining FKBP function plays a major role in unhealthy brain aging.
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20
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Wang D, Schreurs BG. Dietary cholesterol modulates the excitability of rabbit hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2010; 479:327-31. [PMID: 20639007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown high dietary cholesterol can affect learning and memory including rabbit eyeblink conditioning and this effect may be due to increased membrane cholesterol and enhanced hippocampal amyloid beta production. This study investigated whether dietary cholesterol modulates rabbit hippocampal CA1 neuron membrane properties known to be involved in rabbit eyeblink conditioning. Whole-cell current clamp recordings in hippocampal neurons from rabbits fed 2 percent cholesterol or normal chow for 8 weeks revealed changes including decreased after-hyperpolarization amplitudes (AHPs) - an index of membrane excitability shown to be important for rabbit eyeblink conditioning. This index was reversed by adding copper to drinking water - a dietary manipulation that can retard rabbit eyeblink conditioning. Evidence of cholesterol effects on membrane excitability was provided by application of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a compound that reduces membrane cholesterol, which increased the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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21
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Bodhinathan K, Kumar A, Foster TC. Redox sensitive calcium stores underlie enhanced after hyperpolarization of aged neurons: role for ryanodine receptor mediated calcium signaling. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:2586-93. [PMID: 20884759 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00577.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons contributes to the age related decrease in hippocampal function and memory decline. Decreased neuronal excitability in aged neurons can be observed as an increase in the Ca(2+)- activated K(+)- mediated post burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP). In this study, we demonstrate that the slow component of AHP (sAHP) in aged CA1 neurons (aged-sAHP) is decreased ∼50% by application of the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). The DTT-mediated decrease in the sAHP was age specific, such that it was observed in CA1 pyramidal neurons of aged (20-25 mo), but not young (6-9 mo) F344 rats. The effect of DTT on the aged-sAHP was blocked following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (ICS) by thapsigargin or blockade of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) by ryanodine, suggesting that the age-related increase in the sAHP was due to release of Ca(2+) from ICS through redox sensitive RyRs. The DTT-mediated decrease in the aged-sAHP was not blocked by inhibition of L-type voltage gated Ca(2+) channels (L-type VGCC), inhibition of Ser/Thr kinases, or inhibition of the large conductance BK potassium channels. The results add support to the idea that a shift in the intracellular redox state contributes to Ca(2+) dysregulation during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Bodhinathan
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244, USA
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22
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Oh MM, Oliveira FA, Disterhoft JF. Learning and aging related changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2:2. [PMID: 20552042 PMCID: PMC2874400 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.24.002.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A goal of many laboratories that study aging is to find a key cellular change(s) that can be manipulated and restored to a young-like state, and thus, reverse the age-related cognitive deficits. We have chosen to focus our efforts on the alteration of intrinsic excitability (as reflected by the postburst afterhyperpolarization, AHP) during the learning process in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. We have consistently found that the postburst AHP is significantly reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons from young adults that have successfully learned a hippocampus-dependent task. In the context of aging, the baseline intrinsic excitability of hippocampal neurons is decreased and therefore cognitive learning is impaired. In aging animals that are able to learn, neuron changes in excitability similar to those seen in young neurons during learning occur. Our challenge, then, is to understand how and why excitability changes occur in neurons from aging brains and cause age-associated learning impairments. After understanding the changes, we should be able to formulate strategies for reversing them, thus making old neurons function more as they did when they were young. Such a reversal should rescue the age-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - John F. Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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Supnet C, Bezprozvanny I. The dysregulation of intracellular calcium in Alzheimer disease. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:183-9. [PMID: 20080301 PMCID: PMC2834825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is at present, incurable. The accumulation of toxic amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide aggregates in AD brain are thought to trigger the extensive synaptic loss and neurodegeneration linked to cognitive decline, an idea that underlies the 'amyloid hypothesis' of AD etiology in both the familal (FAD) and sporadic forms of the disease. Mutations causing FAD also result in the dysregulation of neuronal calcium (Ca2+) handling and may contribute to AD pathogenesis, an idea termed the 'calcium hypothesis' of AD. In particular, Ca2+ dysregulation by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in AD mouse models results in augmented cytosolic Ca2+ levels which can trigger signalling cascades that are detrimental to neuronal function and health. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that not all forms of Ca2+ dysregulation in AD neurons are harmful and some of them instead may be compensatory. These changes may help modulate neuronal excitability and slow AD pathology, especially in the early stages of the disease. Clearly, a better understanding of how dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ handling contributes to neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in AD is needed as Ca2+ signalling modulators are targets of great interest as potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Supnet
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
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Murchison D, McDermott AN, Lasarge CL, Peebles KA, Bizon JL, Griffith WH. Enhanced calcium buffering in F344 rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons is associated with age-related cognitive impairment. J Neurophysiol 2009; 102:2194-207. [PMID: 19675291 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00301.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis are important determinants of age-related cognitive impairment. We examined the Ca(2+) influx, buffering, and electrophysiology of basal forebrain neurons in adult, middle-aged, and aged male F344 behaviorally assessed rats. Middle-aged and aged rats were characterized as cognitively impaired or unimpaired by water maze performance relative to young cohorts. Patch-clamp experiments were conducted on neurons acutely dissociated from medial septum/nucleus of the diagonal band with post hoc identification of phenotypic marker mRNA using single-cell RT-PCR. We measured whole cell calcium and barium currents and dissected these currents using pharmacological agents. We combined Ca(2+) current recording with Ca(2+)-sensitive ratiometric microfluorimetry to measure Ca(2+) buffering. Additionally, we sought changes in neuronal firing properties using current-clamp recording. There were no age- or cognition-related changes in the amplitudes or fractional compositions of the whole cell Ca(2+) channel currents. However, Ca(2+) buffering was significantly enhanced in cholinergic neurons from aged cognitively impaired rats. Moreover, increased Ca(2+) buffering was present in middle-aged rats that were not cognitively impaired. Firing properties were largely unchanged with age or cognitive status, except for an increase in the slow afterhyperpolarization in aged cholinergic neurons, independent of cognitive status. Furthermore, acutely dissociated basal forebrain neurons in which choline acetyltransferase mRNA was detected had the electrophysiological profiles of identified cholinergic neurons. We conclude that enhanced Ca(2+) buffering by cholinergic basal forebrain neurons may be important during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Murchison
- 1Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas77843-1114, USA
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25
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Abstract
An increase in L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) current is a prominent biomarker of brain aging and is believed to contribute to cognitive decline and vulnerability to neuropathologies. Studies examining age-related changes in LTCCs have focused primarily on males, although estrogen (17beta-estradiol, E2) affects calcium-dependent activities associated with cognition. Therefore, to better understand brain aging in females, the effects of chronic E2 replacement on LTCC current activity in hippocampal neurons of young and aged ovariectomized rats were determined. The zipper slice preparation was used to expose cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal neurons for recording LTCC currents using the cell-attached patch-clamp technique. We found that an age-related increase in LTCC current in neurons from control animals was prevented by E2 treatment. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed that within stratum pyramidale of the CA1 area, mRNA expression of the Ca(v)1.2 LTCC subunit, but not the Ca(v)1.3 subunit, was decreased in aged E2-treated rats. Thus, the reported benefits of E2 on cognition and neuronal health may be attributed, at least in part, to its age-related decrease in LTCC current.
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Kaczorowski CC, Disterhoft JF. Memory deficits are associated with impaired ability to modulate neuronal excitability in middle-aged mice. Learn Mem 2009; 16:362-6. [PMID: 19470651 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1365609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity and learning and memory. Aging deficits were exposed in a subset (30%) of middle-aged mice that performed below criterion on a hippocampal-dependent contextual fear conditioning task. Basal neuronal excitability was comparable in middle-aged and young mice, but learning-related modulation of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP)--a general mechanism engaged during learning--was impaired in CA1 neurons from middle-aged weak learners. Thus, modulation of neuronal excitability is critical for retention of context fear in middle-aged mice. Disruption of AHP plasticity may contribute to contextual fear deficits in middle-aged mice--a model of age-associated cognitive decline (AACD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Kaczorowski
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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27
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Pancani T, Phelps JT, Searcy JL, Kilgore MW, Chen KC, Porter NM, Thibault O. Distinct modulation of voltage-gated and ligand-gated Ca2+ currents by PPAR-gamma agonists in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2009; 109:1800-11. [PMID: 19453298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is especially prevalent in the elderly. Because aging is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), anti-diabetic agents (thiazolidinediones-TZDs) are being studied for the treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. These agents normalize insulin sensitivity in the periphery and can improve cognition and verbal memory in AD patients. Based on evidence that Ca(2+) dysregulation is a pathogenic factor of brain aging/AD, we tested the hypothesis that TZDs could impact Ca(2+) signaling/homeostasis in neurons. We assessed the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (TZDs) on two major sources of Ca(2+) influx in primary hippocampal cultured neurons, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (VGCC) and the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). VGCC- and NMDAR-mediated Ca(2+) currents were recorded using patch-clamp techniques, and Ca(2+) intracellular levels were monitored with Ca(2+) imaging techniques. Rosiglitazone, but not pioglitazone reduced VGCC currents. In contrast, NMDAR-mediated currents were significantly reduced by pioglitazone but not rosiglitazone. These results show that TZDs modulate Ca(2+)-dependent pathways in the brain and have different inhibitory profiles on two major Ca(2+) sources, potentially conferring neuroprotection to an area of the brain that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging and/or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristano Pancani
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, MS 310, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
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28
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A metabolic and functional overview of brain aging linked to neurological disorders. Biogerontology 2009; 10:377-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Galeotti N, Quattrone A, Vivoli E, Norcini M, Bartolini A, Ghelardini C. Different involvement of type 1, 2, and 3 ryanodine receptors in memory processes. Learn Mem 2008; 15:315-23. [PMID: 18441289 DOI: 10.1101/lm.929008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The administration of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist 4-Cmc (0.003-9 nmol per mouse intracerebroventricularly [i.c.v.]) ameliorated memory functions, whereas the RyR antagonist ryanodine (0.0001-1 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) induced amnesia in the mouse passive avoidance test. The role of the type 1, 2, and 3 RyR isoforms in memory processes was then evaluated by inhibiting the expression of the three RyR proteins in the mouse brain. A selective knockdown of the RyR isoforms was obtained by the i.c.v. administration of antisense oligonucleotides (aODNs) complementary to the sequence of RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3 proteins, as demonstrated by immunoblotting experiments. RyR1 (5-9 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) knockdown mice did not show any memory dysfunction. Conversely, RyR2 (1-7 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) and RyR3 (1-7 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) knockdown animals showed an impairment of memory processes. This detrimental effect was temporary and reversible, disappearing 7 d after the end of the aODN treatment. At the highest effective doses, none of the compounds used impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota rod test, nor modified spontaneous mobility and inspection activity, as revealed by the hole-board test. In conclusion, the lack of any involvement of cerebral RyR1 was demonstrated. These findings also showed the involvement of type 2 and type 3 RyR in the modulation of memory functions identifying these cerebral RyR isoforms as critical targets underlying memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
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30
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Gant JC, Thibault O. Action potential throughput in aged rat hippocampal neurons: regulation by selective forms of hyperpolarization. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 30:2053-64. [PMID: 18367293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
At hippocampal synapses, repetitive synaptic stimulation (RSS) in the theta frequency range (3-12Hz) is associated with robust EPSP frequency facilitation (FF) and consequently, enhanced action potential (spike) generation and throughput. A complex, synaptically induced hyperpolarization (SIHP) is also triggered by synaptic activation, and a Ca(2+)-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHP) is triggered above spike threshold. With aging, the AHP is increased and impairs intracellular spike generation, at least in accommodation protocols. However, little is known about how these aging changes interact to affect spike generation at physiological frequencies of RSS, or if the SIHP also is modified in aging. Here we performed the first tests of the net impact of these excitatory and inhibitory aging changes on spike generation during RSS. We report that during RSS at spike threshold (1) spike throughput is well sustained at theta frequencies in young and aged neurons; (2) an interposed AHP dampens spike generation, particularly in aged neurons and at higher frequencies; (3) compared to the AHP, the SIHP does not exert an equivalent inhibitory effect on spike throughput; and (4) in contrast to the AHP, the SIHP is reduced with aging. Together, these results are consistent with a model in which the source of the hyperpolarization is important in determining hippocampal spike throughput within the theta frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Gant
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky Medical Center (UKMC), MS320, Lexington, KY 40503, United States.
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31
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Abstract
Normal aging subjects, including humans, have difficulty learning hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, at least 50% of normal aging rabbits and rats fail to meet a learning criterion in trace eyeblink conditioning. Many factors may contribute to this age-related learning impairment. An important cause is the reduced intrinsic excitability observed in hippocampal pyramidal neurons from normal aging subjects, as reflected by an enlarged postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and an increased spike-frequency adaptation (accommodation). In this review, we will focus on the alterations in the AHP and accommodation during learning and normal aging. We propose that age-related increases in the postburst AHP and accommodation in hippocampal pyramidal neurons play an integral role in the learning impairment observed in normal aging subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA.
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Murchison D, Griffith WH. Calcium buffering systems and calcium signaling in aged rat basal forebrain neurons. Aging Cell 2007; 6:297-305. [PMID: 17517040 PMCID: PMC2810842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis are considered to be important determinants of age-related cognitive impairment. Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) are principal targets of decline associated with aging and dementia. During the last several years, we have attempted to link these concepts in a rat model of 'normal' aging. In this review, we will describe some changes that we have observed in Ca2+ signaling of aged BF neurons and the reversal of one of these changes by dietary caloric restriction. Our evidence supports a scenario in which subtle changes in the properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels result in increased Ca2+ influx during aging. This increased Ca2+, in turn, triggers an increase in rapid Ca2+ buffering in the somatic compartment of aged BF neurons. However, this nominal 'compensation', along with other changes in Ca2+ handling machinery (notably mitochondria) alters the Ca2+ signal with age in a way that is dependent on the magnitude of the Ca2+ load. By combining whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, ratiometric Ca2+-sensitive microfluorimetry and single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have determined that age-related rapid buffering changes are present in identified cholinergic BF neurons and that these changes can be prevented by a caloric restriction dietary regimen. Because caloric restriction extends lifespan and retards the progression of age-related dysfunction, these findings suggest that increased Ca2+ buffering in cholinergic neurons may be relevant to cognitive decline during normal aging. Importantly, calcium homeostatic mechanisms of BF cholinergic neurons are amenable to dietary interventions that could promote cognitive health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Murchison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Thibault O, Gant JC, Landfield PW. Expansion of the calcium hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: minding the store. Aging Cell 2007; 6:307-17. [PMID: 17465978 PMCID: PMC1974776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated over more than two decades has implicated Ca2+ dysregulation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), giving rise to the Ca2+ hypothesis of brain aging and dementia. Electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioral studies in hippocampal or cortical neurons of rodents and rabbits have revealed aging-related increases in the slow afterhyperpolarization, Ca2+ spikes and currents, Ca2+ transients, and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (L-VGCC) activity. Several of these changes have been associated with age-related deficits in learning or memory. Consequently, one version of the Ca2+ hypothesis has been that increased L-VGCC activity drives many of the other Ca2+-related biomarkers of hippocampal aging. In addition, other studies have reported aging- or AD model-related alterations in Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyR) on intracellular stores. The Ca2+-sensitive RyR channels amplify plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx by the mechanism of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). Considerable evidence indicates that a preferred functional link is present between L-VGCCs and RyRs which operate in series in heart and some brain cells. Here, we review studies implicating RyRs in altered Ca2+ regulation in cell toxicity, aging, and AD. A recent study from our laboratory showed that increased CICR plays a necessary role in the emergence of Ca2+-related biomarkers of aging. Consequently, we propose an expanded L-VGCC/Ca2+ hypothesis, in which aging/pathological changes occur in both L-type Ca2+ channels and RyRs, and interact to abnormally amplify Ca2+ transients. In turn, the increased transients result in dysregulation of multiple Ca2+-dependent processes and, through somewhat different pathways, in accelerated functional decline during aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thibault
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Disterhoft JF, Oh MM. Learning, aging and intrinsic neuronal plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29:587-99. [PMID: 16942805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experiments indicate that intrinsic neuronal excitability, as evidenced by changes in the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and spike-frequency accommodation, is altered during learning and normal aging in the brain. Here we review these studies, highlighting two consistent findings: (i) that AHP and accommodation are reduced in pyramidal neurons from animals that have learned a task; and (ii) that AHP and accommodation are enhanced in pyramidal neurons from aging subjects, a cellular change that might contribute to age-related learning impairments. Findings from in vivo single-neuron recording studies complement the in vitro data. From these consistently reproduced findings, we propose that the intrinsic AHP level might determine the degree of synaptic plasticity and learning. Furthermore, it seems that reductions in the AHP must occur before learning if young and aging subjects are to learn a task successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA.
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35
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Brewer LD, Porter NM, Kerr DS, Landfield PW, Thibault O. Chronic 1α,25-(OH)2vitamin D3 treatment reduces Ca2+-mediated hippocampal biomarkers of aging. Cell Calcium 2006; 40:277-86. [PMID: 16780945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the hippocampus of several species is characterized by alterations in multiple Ca(2+)-mediated processes, including an increase in L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) current, an enhanced Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP), impaired synaptic plasticity and elevated Ca(2+) transients. Previously, we found that 1alpha,25-dihydoxyvitamin D(3) (1,25VitD), a major Ca(2+) regulating hormone, down-regulates L-VGCC expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we tested whether in vivo treatment of aged F344 rats with 1,25VitD would reverse some of the Ca(2+) -mediated biomarkers of aging seen in hippocampal CA1 neurons. As previously reported, L-VGCC currents and the AHP were larger in aged than in young neurons. Treatment with 1,25VitD over 7 days decreased L-VGCC activity in aged rats, as well as the age-related increase in AHP amplitude and duration. In addition, reduced L-VGCC activity was correlated with reduced AHPs in the same animals. These data provide direct evidence that 1,25VitD can regulate multiple Ca(2+)-dependent processes in neurons, with particular impact on reducing age-related changes associated with Ca(2+) dysregulation. Thus, these results may have therapeutic implications and suggest that 1,25VitD, often taken to maintain bone health, may also retard some consequences of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MS-310, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, 40536-0298, USA
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36
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Gant JC, Sama MM, Landfield PW, Thibault O. Early and simultaneous emergence of multiple hippocampal biomarkers of aging is mediated by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. J Neurosci 2006; 26:3482-90. [PMID: 16571755 PMCID: PMC6673869 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4171-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent changes in multiple Ca2+-related electrophysiological processes in the hippocampus appear to be consistent biomarkers of aging, and several also correlate with cognitive decline. These findings have led to the hypothesis that a common mechanism of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis underlies aspects of aging-dependent brain impairment. However, some key predictions of this view remain untested, including that multiple Ca2+-related biomarkers should emerge concurrently during aging and their onset should also precede/coincide with initial signs of cognitive decline. Moreover, blocking a putative common source of dysregulated Ca2+ should eliminate aging differences. Here, we tested these predictions using combined electrophysiological, imaging, and pharmacological approaches in CA1 neurons to determine the ages of onset (across 4-, 10-, 12-, 14-, and 23-month-old F344 rats) of several established biomarkers, including the increases in the slow afterhyperpolarization, spike accommodation, and [Ca2+]i rise during repetitive synaptic stimulation. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that altered Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from ryanodine receptors, which can be triggered by L-type Ca2+ channels, provides a common source of dysregulated Ca2+ in aging. Results showed that multiple aging biomarkers were first detectable at about the same age (12 months of age; approximately midlife), sufficiently early to influence initial cognitive decline. Furthermore, selectively blocking CICR with ryanodine slowed the Ca2+ rise during synaptic stimulation more in aged rat neurons and, notably, reduced or eliminated aging differences in the biomarkers. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that altered CICR plays a role in driving the early and simultaneous emergence in hippocampus of multiple Ca2+-related biomarkers of aging.
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