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PET imaging of animal models with depressive-like phenotypes. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1564-1584. [PMID: 36642759 PMCID: PMC10119194 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a growing and poorly understood pathology. Due to technical and ethical limitations, a significant proportion of the research on depressive disorders cannot be performed on patients, but needs to be investigated in animal paradigms. Over the years, animal studies have provided new insight in the mechanisms underlying depression. Several of these studies have used PET imaging for the non-invasive and longitudinal investigation of the brain physiology. This review summarises the findings of preclinical PET imaging in different experimental paradigms of depression and compares these findings with observations from human studies. Preclinical PET studies in animal models of depression can be divided into three main different approaches: (a) investigation of glucose metabolism as a biomarker for regional and network involvement, (b) evaluation of the availability of different neuroreceptor populations associated with depressive phenotypes, and (c) monitoring of the inflammatory response in phenotypes of depression. This review also assesses the relevance of the use of PET imaging techniques in animal paradigms for the understanding of specific aspects of the depressive-like phenotypes, in particular whether it might contribute to achieve a more detailed characterisation of the clinical depressive phenotypes for the development of new therapies for depression.
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Patil JD, Alrashid MA, Eltabbakh A, Fredericks S. The association between stress, emotional states, and tinnitus: a mini-review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1131979. [PMID: 37207076 PMCID: PMC10188965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1131979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive literature supporting the view of tinnitus induced stress in patients is available. However, limited evidence has been produced studying the opposite, that is, does stress cause tinnitus? The hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, one of the main neuroendocrine systems involved in stress response, is commonly disturbed in tinnitus patients. Patients with chronic tinnitus have been shown to develop abnormal responses to psycho-social stress, where the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis response is weaker and delayed, suggesting chronic stress contributes to the development of chronic tinnitus. The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system also plays a major role in stress response and its chronic hyperactivity seems to be involved in developing tinnitus. Psycho-social stress has been shown to share the same probability of developing tinnitus as occupational noise and contributes to worsening tinnitus. Additionally, exposure to high stress levels and occupational noise doubles the likelihood of developing tinnitus. Interestingly, short-term stress has been shown to protect the cochlea in animals, but chronic stress exposure has negative consequences. Emotional stress also worsens pre-existing tinnitus and is identified as an important indicator of tinnitus severity. Although there is limited body of literature, stress does seem to play a vital role in the development of tinnitus. This review aims to highlight the association between stress, emotional states, and the development of tinnitus while also addressing the neural and hormonal pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaditya Devpal Patil
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jayaditya Devpal Patil,
| | | | - Ayah Eltabbakh
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
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Hamilton J, Roeder N, Richardson B, Hammond N, Sajjad M, Yao R, Owada Y, Kagawa Y, Thanos PK. Unpredictable chronic mild stress differentially impacts resting brain glucose metabolism in fatty acid-binding protein 7 deficient mice. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 323:111486. [PMID: 35526449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular chaperone proteins involved in the trafficking of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and endocannabinoids. Inhibiting two of the main FABP subtypes found in the brain (FABP5 and FABP7) hinders endocannabinoid uptake and hydrolysis. Prior data indicates that cannabinoid receptor stimulation can ameliorate the consequences associated with chronic stress. To this end, FABP expression may play a similar role in response to stressful conditions. Male C57BL/6 J (WT) and FABP7 knockout (KO) mice were assigned to either a non-stress cohort or an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) cohort for a period of 4 weeks. Immediately after 4 weeks, mice were injected with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) and scanned using micro positron emission tomography (mPET) to examine brain glucose metabolism (BGluM). WT mice exposed to UCMS showed reduced BGluM in striatal, cortical, and hypothalamic regions and showed increased BGluM in the hippocampus, thalamus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, and cerebellum. In contrast, there were limited effects of UCMS on BGluM in FABP7 KO mice, with a reduction in the thalamus, periaqueductal gray, and superior colliculi. These findings provide novel insight into FABP7 expression and indicate this gene to play an important role in response to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Rutao Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University at Buffalo, USA
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Seiryo-cho 2-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Seiryo-cho 2-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Zhang H, Tao Y, Xu H, Zou S, Deng F, Huang L, Zhang H, Wang X, Tang X, Dong Z, Wang Y, Fu X, Yin L. Associations between childhood chronic stress and dynamic functional connectivity in drug-naïve, first-episode adolescent MDD. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:85-92. [PMID: 34822920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the associations between chronic stress and dynamic working patterns of the whole brain using resting state MRI data in drug-naïve, first-episode adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We compared dynamic functional connectivity (dyn-FC) and screen out networks with difference in whole brain between 45 healthy controls (HC) and 60 adolescent MDD patients using dynamic independent components analysis. In each of these networks with difference between groups, hub brain regions were selected as functionally connected to more than 30 brain regions at the same time. Then we extracted the dyn-FC coefficients of each hub brain region with other brain regions in each component at different time points and calculated the average value of the entire scan time. Finally, we explored correlations between these average values of the entire scan time and scores on the Childhood Chronic Stress Questionnaire (CCSQ). RESULTS We found three networks as well as some hub brain regions with different dyn-FC patterns between adolescent MDD and HC. Scores on the CCSQ were found to correlate with dynamic FC between hub brain areas and certain other brain areas in MDD patients. LIMITATIONS our cross-sectional study design does not allow us to speculate about causality between chronic stress and depression. Prospective cohort studies should explore in detail how the changes in dynamic FC appear and evolve during MDD. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress is related with the brain dynamic working patterns in adolescent MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuanmei Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shoukang Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xia Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Frontier Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Networks, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Evidence That Methylphenidate Treatment Evokes Anxiety-Like Behavior Through Glucose Hypometabolism and Disruption of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Metabolic Networks. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1830-1845. [PMID: 34797528 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) has been widely misused by children and adolescents who do not meet all diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without a consensus about the consequences. Here, we evaluate the effect of MPH treatment on glucose metabolism and metabolic network in the rat brain, as well as on performance in behavioral tests. Wistar male rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th postnatal day. Fluorodeoxyglucose-18 was used to investigate cerebral metabolism, and a cross-correlation matrix was used to examine the brain metabolic network in MPH-treated rats using micro-positron emission tomography imaging. Performance in the light-dark transition box, eating-related depression, and sucrose preference tests was also evaluated. While MPH provoked glucose hypermetabolism in the auditory, parietal, retrosplenial, somatosensory, and visual cortices, hypometabolism was identified in the left orbitofrontal cortex. MPH-treated rats show a brain metabolic network more efficient and connected, but careful analyses reveal that the MPH interrupts the communication of the orbitofrontal cortex with other brain areas. Anxiety-like behavior was also observed in MPH-treated rats. This study shows that glucose metabolism evaluated by micro-positron emission tomography in the brain can be affected by MPH in different ways according to the region of the brain studied. It may be related, at least in part, to a rewiring in the brain the metabolic network and behavioral changes observed, representing an important step in exploring the mechanisms and consequences of MPH treatment.
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Static magnetic field induces abnormality of glucose metabolism in rats' brain and results in anxiety-like behavior. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 113:101923. [PMID: 33549700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the static magnetic field (SMF) intensity, namely, control, low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity groups. The rats' whole body was exposed to a superconducting magnet exposure source. The exposure SMF intensity for the low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity groups was 50 m T, 100 m T, and 200 m T, respectively, and the exposure time was 1 h/day for consecutive 15 days. After different exposure times, glucose metabolism in rats' brain was evaluated by micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), and the expression of hexokinase 1(HK1) and 6-phosphate fructokinase-1(PFK1) was detected by western blot. The exploration and locomotion abilities of the rats were evaluated by conducting open field test (OFT). Furthermore, pathological changes of rats' brain were observed under a microscope by using hematoxylin-eosin staining. PET results showed that moderate-intensity SMFs could cause fluctuant changes in glucose metabolism in rats' brain and the abnormalities were SMF intensity dependent. The expression of the two rate-limiting enzymes HK1 and PFK1 in glucose metabolism in brain significantly decreased after SMF exposure. The OFT showed that the total distance, surrounding distance, activity time, and climbing and standing times significantly decreased after SMF exposure. The main pathological changes in the brain were pyknosis, edema of neurons, and slight widening of the perivascular space, which occurred after 15 times of exposure. This study indicated that SMF exposure could lead to abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain and might result in anxiety-like behaviors.
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Khayum MA, Moraga-Amaro R, Buwalda B, Koole M, den Boer JA, Dierckx RAJO, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Ovariectomy-induced depressive-like behavior and brain glucose metabolism changes in female rats are not affected by chronic mild stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104610. [PMID: 32088632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of depression in women going through peri-menopause suggests that fluctuations in estrogen levels may increase the risk of developing depression. Nonetheless, this psychiatric disorder is likely to be multifactorial and consequently an additional trigger may be needed to induce depression in this population. Stress could be such a trigger. We therefore investigated the effect of ovarian estrogen depletion and chronic mild stress (CMS) on depressive-like behavior and brain metabolism in female rats. Approximately 2 and 9 weeks after estrogen depletion by ovariectomy, behavioral changes were assessed in the open-field test and the forced swim test, and brain metabolism was measured with [18F]FDG PET imaging. A subset of animals was subjected to a 6-weeks CMS protocol starting 17 days after ovariectomy. Short-term estrogen depletion had a significant effect on brain metabolism in subcortical areas, but not on behavior. Differences in depressive-like behavior were only found after prolonged estrogen depletion, leading to an increased immobility time in the forced swim test. Prolonged estrogen depletion also resulted in an increase in glucose metabolism in frontal cortical areas and hippocampus, whereas a decrease glucose metabolism was found in temporal cortical areas, hypothalamus and brainstem. Neither short-term nor prolonged estrogen depletion caused anxiety-like behavior. Changes in body weight, behavior and brain glucose metabolism were not significantly affected by CMS. In conclusion, ovarian estrogen depletion resulted in changes in brain metabolism and depressive-like behavior, but these changes were not enhanced by CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khayum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Moraga-Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Buwalda
- Behavioral Physiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Koole
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A den Boer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; PRA-Health Sciences, Van Swietenlaan, 9728 NZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Khan AR, Geiger L, Wiborg O, Czéh B. Stress-Induced Morphological, Cellular and Molecular Changes in the Brain-Lessons Learned from the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041026. [PMID: 32326205 PMCID: PMC7226496 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe illness imposing an increasing social and economic burden worldwide. Numerous rodent models have been developed to investigate the pathophysiology of MDD. One of the best characterized and most widely used models is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model which was developed more than 30 years ago by Paul Willner. More than 2000 published studies used this model, mainly to assess novel compounds with potential antidepressant efficacy. Most of these studies examined the behavioral consequences of stress and concomitant drug intervention. Much fewer studies focused on the CMS-induced neurobiological changes. However, the stress-induced cellular and molecular changes are important as they may serve as potential translational biomarkers and increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the structural and molecular alterations in the brain that have been described using the CMS model. We discuss the latest neuroimaging and postmortem histopathological data as well as molecular changes including recent findings on microRNA levels. Different chronic stress paradigms occasionally deliver dissimilar findings, but the available experimental data provide convincing evidence that the CMS model has a high translational value. Future studies examining the neurobiological changes in the CMS model in combination with clinically effective antidepressant drug intervention will likely deliver further valuable information on the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute (SGPGI) Campus, Lucknow-226017, U.P, India;
| | - Lili Geiger
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Yi SY, Barnett BR, Yu JPJ. Preclinical neuroimaging of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disease. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180885. [PMID: 30982323 PMCID: PMC6732909 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disease is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite the global burden and need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, psychiatric diagnosis remains largely based on patient-reported symptoms, allowing for immense symptomatic heterogeneity within a single disease. In renewed efforts towards improved diagnostic specificity and subsequent evaluation of treatment response, a greater understanding of the underlying of the neuropathology and neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disease is needed. However, dissecting these mechanisms of neuropsychiatric illness in clinical populations are problematic with numerous experimental hurdles limiting hypothesis-driven studies including genetic confounds, variable life experiences, different environmental exposures, therapeutic histories, as well as the inability to investigate deeper molecular changes in vivo . Preclinical models, where many of these confounding factors can be controlled, can serve as a crucial experimental bridge for studying the neurobiological origins of mental illness. Furthermore, although behavioral studies and molecular studies are relatively common in these model systems, focused neuroimaging studies are very rare and represent an opportunity to link the molecular changes in psychiatric illness with advanced quantitative neuroimaging studies. In this review, we present an overview of well-validated genetic and environmental models of psychiatric illness, discuss gene-environment interactions, and examine the potential role of neuroimaging towards understanding genetic, environmental, and gene-environmental contributions to psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Y. Yi
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, USA
| | - Brian R. Barnett
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, USA
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Sex differences in the effects of acute stress on cerebral glucose metabolism: A microPET study. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146355. [PMID: 31356782 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been considered as a risk factor for the development and aggravation of several diseases. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is one of the main actors for the stress response and homeostasis maintenance. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to evaluate neuronal activity and to study brain regions that may be related to the HPA axis response. Since neuroimaging is an important tool in detecting neuroendocrine-related changes, we used fluorodeoxyglucose-18 (18F-FDG) and positron emission microtomography (microPET) to evaluate sexual differences in the glucose brain metabolism after 10, 30 and 40 min of acute stress in Balb/c mice. We also investigated the effects of restraint stress in blood, liver and adrenal gland 18F-FDG biodistribution using a gamma counter. A decreased glucose uptake in the whole brain in both females and males was found. Additionally, there were time and sex-dependent alterations in the 18F-FDG uptake after restraint stress in specific brain regions, indicating that males could be more vulnerable to the short-term effects of acute stress. According to the gamma counter biodistribution, only females showed a significant decreased glucose uptake in the blood, liver and right adrenal after restraint stress. In addition, in comparisons between the sexes, males showed a decreased glucose uptake in the whole brain and in several brain regions compared to females. In conclusion, exposure to acute restraint stress resulted in significant decreased glucose metabolism in the brain, with particular effects in different regions and organs in a sex-specific manner.
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Social isolation and social support at adulthood affect epigenetic mechanisms, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and behavior of chronically stressed rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 366:36-44. [PMID: 30880220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) provides one possible explanation for the dysfunctions induced by stress, such as psychiatric disorders and cognitive decline. Interestingly, social support can be protective against some of these effects, but the mechanisms of social buffering are poorly understood. Conversely, early isolation exacerbates the responses to stressors, although its effects in adulthood remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of social isolation and social buffering on hippocampal epigenetic mechanisms, BDNF levels and behavioral responses of chronically stressed young adult rats. Male Wistar rats (3 months) were assigned to accompanied (paired) or isolated housing. After one-month half of each group was submitted to a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol for 18 days. Among accompanied animals, only one was exposed to stress. Behavioral analysis encompassed the Open field, plus maze and inhibitory avoidance tasks. Hippocampal H3K9 and H4K12 acetylation, HDAC5 expression and BDNF levels were evaluated. Isolated housing increased HDAC5 expression, decreased H3K9 and H4K12 acetylation, reduced BDNF levels, and impaired long-term memory. Stress affected weight gain, induced anxiety-like behavior and decreased AcK9H3 levels. Interactions between housing conditions and social stress were seen only for HDAC5 expression, which showed a further increase in the isolated + CUS group but remained constant in accompanied animals. In conclusion, social isolation at adulthood induced epigenetic alterations and exacerbated the effects of chronic stress on HDAC5. Notwithstanding, social support counteracted the adverse effects of stress on HDAC5 expression.
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Van Laeken N, Pauwelyn G, Dockx R, Descamps B, Brans B, Peremans K, Baeken C, Goethals I, Vanhove C, De Vos F. Regional alterations of cerebral [18F]FDG metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress- and the repeated corticosterone depression model in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1381-1393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khan AR, Kroenke CD, Wiborg O, Chuhutin A, Nyengaard JR, Hansen B, Jespersen SN. Differential microstructural alterations in rat cerebral cortex in a model of chronic mild stress depression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192329. [PMID: 29432490 PMCID: PMC5809082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic mild stress leads to depression in many cases and is linked to several debilitating diseases including mental disorders. Recently, neuronal tracing techniques, stereology, and immunohistochemistry have revealed persistent and significant microstructural alterations in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which form an interconnected system known as the stress circuit. Most studies have focused only on this circuit, however, some studies indicate that manipulation of sensory and motor systems may impact genesis and therapy of mood disorders and therefore these areas should not be neglected in the study of brain microstructure alterations in response to stress and depression. For this reason, we explore the microstructural alterations in different cortical regions in a chronic mild stress model of depression. The study employs ex-vivo diffusion MRI (d-MRI) to assess cortical microstructure in stressed (anhedonic and resilient) and control animals. MRI is followed by immunohistochemistry to substantiate the d-MRI findings. We find significantly lower extracellular diffusivity in auditory cortex (AC) of stress groups and a significantly higher fractional anisotropy in the resilient group. Neurite density was not found to be significantly higher in any cortical ROIs in the stress group compared to control, although axonal density is higher in the stress groups. We also report significant thinning of motor cortex (MC) in both stress groups. This is in agreement with recent clinical and preclinical studies on depression and similar disorders where significant microstructural and metabolic alterations were found in AC and MC. Our findings provide further evidence that the AC and MC are sensitive towards stress exposure and may extend our understanding of the microstructural effects of stress beyond the stress circuit of the brain. Progress in this field may provide new avenues of research to help in diagnosis and treatment intervention for depression and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrey Chuhutin
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune Nørhøj Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Changes of the brain activities after chronic restraint stress in rats: A study based on 18F-FDG PET. Neurosci Lett 2017; 665:104-109. [PMID: 29175030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a prevalent disease all over the world, changed functional activities and/or structures in many brain regions have been found in depression. In this study, 5-week chronic restraint stress (CRS) was performed to establish depression rat models, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) was used to detect brain functional activities. Our study found that CRS induced depressive behaviors and increased the expression of serum IL-6. After exposure to CRS, rats showed decreased glucose metabolism in the whole-brain and brain regions including left medial prefrontal and auditory cortices; right amygdala, cingulate cortex, olfactory and AcbCore/Shell; bilateral caudate putamen, dorsal hippocampi, insular and entorhinal cortices. Expression of serum IL-6 and glucose metabolism in most of the above brain regions were significantly correlated with the severity of some CRS-induced depressive behaviors. In conclusion, the increased peripheral inflammatory response and decreased brain functional activities might be the important pathogenesis of experimental depression induced by CRS, and could reflect the severity of depression to some extent.
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15
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Lu Y, Li CJ, Chen C, Luo P, Zhou M, Li C, Xu XL, Lu Q, He Z, Guo LJ. Activation of GABAB2 subunits alleviates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced anxiety-like behaviours: A role for BDNF signalling and Kir3 channels. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:308-321. [PMID: 27515806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is an affective disorder that is commonly observed after irreversible brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia and can delay the physical and cognitive recovery, which affects the quality of life of both the patient and family members. However, anxiety after ischemia has received less attention, and mechanisms underlying anxiety-like behaviours induced by chronic cerebral ischemia are under-investigated. In the present study, the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was established by the permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in rats, and anxiety-related behaviours were evaluated. Results indicated that 2VO induced obvious anxiety-like behaviours; the surface expressions of GABAB2 subunits were down-regulated; Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) were reduced; Meanwhile, the surface expressions of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK, Kir3) channels were up-regulated in hippocampal CA1 in 2VO rats. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, significantly ameliorated the anxiety-like behaviours. It also improved the down-regulation of GABAB2 surface expressions, restored the levels of BDNF, TrkB and NCAM, and reversed the increased surface expressions of Kir3 in hippocampal CA1 in 2VO rats. However, the effects of baclofen were absent in shRNA-GABAB2 infected 2VO rats. These results suggested that activation of GABAB2 subunits could improve BDNF signalling and reverse Kir3 channel surface expressions in hippocampal CA1, which may alleviate the anxiety-like behaviours in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Neurology Department, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Medical School of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Lian-Jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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16
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Salehpour F, Rasta SH, Mohaddes G, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salarirad S. Therapeutic effects of 10-HzPulsed wave lasers in rat depression model: A comparison between near-infrared and red wavelengths. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:695-705. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Sima Salarirad
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
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17
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Shiota N, Narikiyo K, Masuda A, Aou S. Water spray-induced grooming is negatively correlated with depressive behavior in the forced swimming test in rats. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:265-73. [PMID: 26586000 PMCID: PMC10717009 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rodents show grooming, a typical self-care behavior, under stress and non-stress conditions. Previous studies revealed that grooming under stress conditions such as the open-field test (OFT) or the elevated plus-maze test (EPM) is associated with anxiety, but the roles of grooming under non-stress conditions are not well understood. Here, we examined spray-induced grooming as a model of grooming under a non-stress condition to investigate the relationship between this grooming and depression-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test, and we compared spray-induced grooming with OFT- and EPM-induced grooming. The main finding was that the duration of spray-induced grooming, but not that of OFT/EPM-induced grooming, was negatively correlated with the duration of immobility in the FST, an index of depression-like behavior. The results suggest that spray-induced grooming is functionally different from the grooming in the OFT and EPM and is related to reduction of depressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Shiota
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Department of Health and Welfare, Seinan Jo Gakuin University, Kitakyushu, 803-0835, Japan
| | - Kimiya Narikiyo
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Synapse, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Masuda
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Aou
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan.
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18
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Šarić A, Sobočanec S, Mačak Šafranko Ž, Popović Hadžija M, Bagarić R, Farkaš V, Švarc A, Marotti T, Balog T. Diminished Resistance to Hyperoxia in Brains of Reproductively Senescent Female CBA/H Mice. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:191-9. [PMID: 26373431 PMCID: PMC4588673 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.895356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have explored sex differences in ability to maintain redox balance during acute oxidative stress in brains of mice. We aimed to determine if there were differences in oxidative/antioxidative status upon hyperoxia in brains of reproductively senescent CBA/H mice in order to elucidate some of the possible mechanisms of lifespan regulation. Material/Methods The brains of 12-month-old male and female CBA/H mice (n=9 per sex and treatment) subjected to 18-h hyperoxia were evaluated for lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidative enzyme expression and activity - superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod-1, Sod-2), catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1), heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), nad NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and for 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) uptake. Results No increase in LPO was observed after hyperoxia, regardless of sex. Expression of Nrf-2 showed significant downregulation in hyperoxia-treated males (p=0.001), and upregulation in hyperoxia-treated females (p=0.023). Also, in females hyperoxia upregulated Sod-1 (p=0.046), and Ho-1 (p=0.014) genes. SOD1 protein was upregulated in both sexes after hyperoxia (p=0.009 for males and p=0.011 for females). SOD2 protein was upregulated only in females (p=0.008) while CAT (p=0.026) and HO-1 (p=0.042) proteins were increased after hyperoxia only in males. Uptake of 18FDG was decreased after hyperoxia in the back brain of females. Conclusions We found that females at their reproductive senescence are more susceptible to hyperoxia, compared to males. We propose this model of hyperoxia as a useful tool to assess sex differences in adaptive response to acute stress conditions, which may be partially responsible for observed sex differences in longevity of CBA/H mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Šarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Robert Bagarić
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alfred Švarc
- Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Marotti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihomir Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Wilson MA, Grillo CA, Fadel JR, Reagan LP. Stress as a one-armed bandit: Differential effects of stress paradigms on the morphology, neurochemistry and behavior in the rodent amygdala. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 1:195-208. [PMID: 26844236 PMCID: PMC4721288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity may be defined as the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and it is well established that some stimuli have the ability to facilitate or impair neuroplasticity depending on the pre-existing milieu. A classic example of a stimulus that can both facilitate and impair neuroplasticity is stress. Indeed, the ability of CNS to respond to acute stress is often dependent upon the prior stress history of the individual. While responses to acute stress are often viewed as adaptive in nature, stress reactivity in subjects with prior chronic stress experiences are often linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety. In rodent studies, chronic stress exposure produces structural and functional alterations in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex that are consistent across different types of stress paradigms. Conversely, the amygdala appears to exhibit differential structural and functional responses to stress that are dependent on a variety of factors, including the type of stressor performed and the duration of the stress paradigm. This is most evident in output measures including morphological analysis of amygdala neurons, measurement of glutamatergic tone in amygdalar subdivisions and the analysis of amygdala-centric behaviors. Accordingly, this review will provide an overview of the effects of stress on the structural and functional plasticity of the rodent amygdala, especially in relation to the differential effects of repeated or chronic stress paradigms on dendritic architecture, neurochemistry of the glutamatergic system and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene A. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- WJB Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Claudia A. Grillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jim R. Fadel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- WJB Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, D40, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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20
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Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine Are Not Related to 18F-FDG Metabolism or Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1153-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Ishikawa J, Nishimura R, Ishikawa A. Early-life stress induces anxiety-like behaviors and activity imbalances in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:442-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishikawa
- Systems Neuroscience; Department of Neuroscience; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; 1-1-1 Minamikogushi Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nishimura
- Systems Neuroscience; Department of Neuroscience; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; 1-1-1 Minamikogushi Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505 Japan
| | - Akinori Ishikawa
- Systems Neuroscience; Department of Neuroscience; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; 1-1-1 Minamikogushi Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505 Japan
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22
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Effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on glucose metabolism in the brain of pregnant rats by [18F]FDG microPET imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Yu J, Tang YY, Feng HB, Cheng XX. A behavioral and micro positron emission tomography imaging study in a rat model of hypothyroidism. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Hu H, Xu Y, Liu C, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang L. Changes in behavior and in brain glucose metabolism in rats after nine weeks on a high fat diet: a randomized controlled trial. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 26:129-37. [PMID: 25114487 PMCID: PMC4118009 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A high-fat diet (HFD) is a well-known risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease but the relationship between a HFD and depressive symptoms remains unknown. Objective Compare changes in behavioral and measures of brain glucose metabolism in rats fed a HFD to those of rats fed a standard diet. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a study group (n=10) that received a high fat diet for 9 weeks or a control group (n=10) that received a standard diet for 9 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the 9-week trial assessments included body weight, serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), the sucrose preference test, and the open field test. The rate of brain glucose metabolism in different brain regions (assessed using micro-positron emission tomography) at the end of the trial was also compared between the two groups of rats. Results Nine weeks of a HFD in rats resulted in the expected increase in weight and changes in serum lipid levels, but it was also associated with a decreased preference for sucrose (which may be due to a loss of interest in pleasurable activities), increased weight-adjusted water intake, and a significant deactivation of the right thalamus and right striatum (based on decreased rates of glucose metabolism). In the HFD group the magnitude of the drop in the sucrose preference was strongly correlated to the magnitude of the deactivation of the right thalamus (r=0.78) and the right striatum (r=0.81). Conclusions These findings support hypotheses about the role of a HFD in the causal pathway for depressive symptoms. Further work is needed to clarify the underling mechanism, but it appears that the interaction between the content of the diet and the limbic system-striatum-thalamus circuit plays a role in both eating behavior and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hemanth Kumar BS, Mishra SK, Trivedi R, Singh S, Rana P, Khushu S. Demyelinating evidences in CMS rat model of depression: a DTI study at 7 T. Neuroscience 2014; 275:12-21. [PMID: 24881571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is among the most debilitating diseases worldwide. Long-term exposure to stressors plays a major role in development of human depression. Chronic mild stress (CMS) seems to be a valid animal model for depression. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is capable of inferring microstructural abnormalities of the white matter and has shown to serve as non-invasive marker of specific pathology. We developed a CMS rat model of depression and validated with behavioral experiments. We measured the diffusion indices (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (λ∥) and radial (λ⊥) diffusivity) to investigate the changes in CMS rat brain during depression onset. Diffusion indices have shown to be useful to discriminate myelin damage from axon loss. DTI was performed in both control and CMS rats (n=10, in each group) and maps of FA, MD, λ∥ and λ⊥ diffusivity values were generated using in-house built software. The diffusion indices were calculated by region of interest (ROI) analysis in different brain regions like the frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cingulum, thalamus, caudate putamen, corpus callosum, cerebral peduncle and sensory motor cortex. The results showed signs of demyelination, reflected by increased MD, decreased FA and increased λ⊥. The results also suggest a possible role of edema or inflammation concerning the brain morphology in CMS rats. The overall finding using DTI suggests there might be a major role of loss of myelin sheath, which leads to disrupted connectivity between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex during the onset of depression. Our findings indicate that interpretation of these indices may provide crucial information about the type and severity of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hemanth Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S K Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - R Trivedi
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S Singh
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - P Rana
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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26
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Shimokawa N, Yousefi B, Morioka S, Yamaguchi S, Ohsawa A, Hayashi H, Azuma A, Mizuno H, Kasagi M, Masuda H, Jingu H, Furudate SI, Haijima A, Takatsuru Y, Iwasaki T, Umezu M, Koibuchi N. Altered cerebellum development and dopamine distribution in a rat genetic model with congenital hypothyroidism. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:164-75. [PMID: 24460919 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in the development and functional maintenance of the central nervous system. Despite extensive studies of the neural function of thyroid hormones, little is known about the effects of hypothyroidism on behavioural traits and the mechanisms underlying such effects. In the present study, we report an investigation of congenitally hypothyroid mutant rdw rats, revealing a novel function of thyroid hormones in the central nervous system. The rdw rats were subjected to behavioural analyses such as the rotarod test, open field test and circadian activity measurement. To determine the cause of behavioural disorders, cerebellar morphogenesis was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, and the axonal transport of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography and western blotting. The effects of thyroxine administration to the rdw rats were examined by behavioural analysis. The rdw rats showed severe impairment of motor coordination and balance. This could be explained by the fact that the rats showed severe retardation of cerebellar morphogenesis, which correlates with the small somata and poor dendritic arborisation of Purkinje cells and retarded migration of granule cells particularly during the first two postnatal weeks. Moreover, the rdw rats showed hypoactivity, characterised by decreased circadian locomotor activity. After weaning, thyroxine administration improved the dwarfism in rdw rats but had no effect on cerebellar function. In addition, the rdw rats showed anxiety and depression intrinsically to novel surroundings. Interestingly, the rdw rats showed high levels of dopamine in the substantia nigra and low levels in the striatum, an important centre for the coordination of behaviour. Furthermore, low levels of tubulin in the striatum were detected, indicating the aberrant axonal transport of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway as a result of the reduced delivery of microtubules. These findings indicate an important function of thyroid hormones in cerebellar formation and in the regulation of axonal transport of dopamine. Moreover, rdw rats will be useful for studies of brain function and behavioural disorders in congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimokawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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de Pablos R, Sarmiento M, Espinosa-Oliva A. Creating a Rat Model of Chronic Variate Stress. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Neuroendocrine link between stress, depression and diabetes. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1591-600. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lin Z, Shi L, Lu J, Li J, Hu H, Zuo C, Tang W, Lu Y, Bao A, Xu L. Effects of curcumin on glucose metabolism in the brains of rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress: a 18 F-FDG micro-PET study. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 14:202. [PMID: 23914948 PMCID: PMC3751057 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can cause behavioral and physiological abnormalities that are important to the prediction of symptoms of depression that may be associated with cerebral glucose metabolic abnormalities. Curcumin showed potential antidepressant effects, but whether or not it can reverse cerebral functional abnormalities and so ameliorate depression remains unknown. Methods To investigate the effects of curcumin on brain activity in CUS rats, rats were subjected to 3 weeks of CUS and then treated with curcumin orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day for one month. 18 F fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG)-micro positron emission tomography (micro-PET) neuroimaging was used to detect changes in cerebral metabolism. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were used to record depressive behaviors during CUS and after curcumin treatment. Results Three weeks of CUS significantly decreased body weight, sucrose preference, sucrose consumption, total distance travelling, and the number of rearing events. It also induced metabolic alterations in several parts of the brain, showing increased glucose metabolism in the right hemisphere. After curcumin treatment for one month, sucrose preference, sucrose consumption, total distance travelling, and the number of rearing events returned to normal levels. Curcumin treatment also induced strong deactivation of the left primary auditory cortex and activation of amygdalohippocampal cortex. Conclusion Curcumin was found to ameliorate the abnormalities in the behavior and brain glucose metabolism caused by CUS, which may account for its antidepressive effects.
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Repeated restraint stress impairs auditory attention and GABAergic synaptic efficacy in the rat auditory cortex. Neuroscience 2013; 246:94-107. [PMID: 23639878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the rat primary auditory cortex (A1), a key brain area for auditory attention. The aim of this study was to determine whether repeated restraint stress affects auditory attention and synaptic transmission in A1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a two-alternative choice task (2-ACT), a behavioral paradigm to study auditory attention in rats. Trained animals that reached a performance over 80% of correct trials in the 2-ACT were randomly assigned to control and restraint stress experimental groups. To analyze the effects of restraint stress on the auditory attention, trained rats of both groups were subjected to 50 2-ACT trials one day before and one day after of the stress period. A difference score was determined by subtracting the number of correct trials after from those before the stress protocol. Another set of rats was used to study the synaptic transmission in A1. Restraint stress decreased the number of correct trials by 28% compared to the performance of control animals (p < 0.001). Furthermore, stress reduced the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and miniature IPSC in A1, whereas glutamatergic efficacy was not affected. Our results demonstrate that restraint stress decreased auditory attention and GABAergic synaptic efficacy in A1.
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Park E, Eisen R, Kinio A, Baker AJ. Electrophysiological white matter dysfunction and association with neurobehavioral deficits following low-level primary blast trauma. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 52:150-9. [PMID: 23238347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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32
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Dagnino-Subiabre A, Pérez MÁ, Terreros G, Cheng MY, House P, Sapolsky R. Corticosterone treatment impairs auditory fear learning and the dendritic morphology of the rat inferior colliculus. Hear Res 2012; 294:104-13. [PMID: 23088831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress leads to secretion of the adrenal steroid hormone corticosterone (CORT). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic CORT administration on auditory and visual fear conditioning. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received CORT (400 mg/ml) in their drinking water for 10 consecutive days; this treatment induces stress levels of serum CORT. CORT impaired fear conditioning (F((1,28)) = 11.52, p < 0.01) and extinction (F((1,28)) = 4.86, p < 0.05) of auditory fear learning, but did not affect visual fear conditioning. In addition, we analyzed the CORT effects on the neuronal morphology of the inferior colliculus (flat neurons, auditory mesencephalon, a key brain area for auditory processing) and superior colliculus (wide-field neurons, related to visual processing) by Golgi stain. CORT decreased dendritic arborization of inferior colliculus neurons by approximately 50%, but did not affect superior colliculus neurons. Thus, CORT had more deleterious effects on the auditory fear processing than the visual system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Silindir M, Özer AY, Erdoğan S. The use and importance of liposomes in positron emission tomography. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:68-80. [PMID: 22211758 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.635721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among different imaging modalities, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) gained importance in routine hospital practice depending on ability to diagnose diseases in early stages and tracing of therapy by obtaining metabolic information. The combination of PET with Computed Tomography (CT) forms hybrid imaging modality that gives chance to obtain better images having higher resolution by fusing both functional and anatomical images in the same imaging modality at the same time. Therefore, better contrast agents are essentially needed. The advance in research about developing drug delivery systems as specific nanosized targeted systems gained an additional importance for obtaining better diagnosis and therapy of different diseases. Liposomes appear to be more attractive drug delivery systems in delivering either drugs or imaging ligands to target tissue or organ of diseases with higher accumulation by producing in nano-scale, long circulating by stealth effect and specific targeting by modifying with specific ligands or markers. The combination of positron emitting radionuclides with liposomes are commonly in research level nowadays and there is no commercially available liposome formulation for PET imaging. However by conjugating positron emitter radionuclide with liposomes can form promising diagnostic agents for improved diagnosis and following up treatments by increasing image signal/contrast in the target tissue in lower concentrations by specific targeting as the most important advantage of liposomes. More accurate and earlier diagnosis of several diseases can be obtained even in molecular level with the use of stable and effectively radiolabeled molecular target specific nano sized liposomes with longer half-lived positron emitting radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Exposure of Wistar rats to 24-h psycho-social stress alters gene expression in the inferior colliculus. Neurosci Lett 2012; 527:40-5. [PMID: 22922217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that the exposure of Wistar rats to psycho-social stress results in a transient auditory hypersensitivity. Here, to learn more about modifications occurring in auditory brainstem, we have analyzed gene expression pattern in inferior colliculus using quantitative RT-PCR. As targets, we have chosen genes associated with: neural activity (FBJ osteosarcoma viral oncogene, cFos), hypoxia (nitric oxide synthase inducible, iNos; superoxide dismutase 2, Sod2), neuroprotection (nerve growth factor beta, Ngfb; heat shock factor 1, Hsf1; heat shock protein 70, Hsp70) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha, Tnfa; tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor, Tnfar; substance P, Sp; cyclooxygenase 2, Cox2). We found that the expression of all genes was modified following stress, as compared to the controls. Immediately after stress, the number of transcripts encoding iNos, Sod2, Hsf1, Ngfb, Tnfa, Tnfar and Sp was significantly increased, suggesting possible modulation during exposure to stressor. Interestingly, we found that expression of Hsf1 and Ngfb at this particular time was left-right asymmetrical: there were more transcripts of both genes found in the left colliculi, as compared to the right colliculi. Three hours post-stress, iNos, Hsf1, Tnfa and Tnfar were still upregulated, Sod2, Ngfb and Sp went back to baseline and Cox2 was upregulated. Six hours post-stress, cFos mRNA became downregulated. The number of Hsp70 mRNA increased 24h post-stress. Except for the reduced number of cFos transcripts, expression of all other genes tested reached the baseline seven days post-stress. Presented results corroborate the concept of auditory system responding to the psycho-social stress. Post-stress changes in the IC gene expression could likely indicate shift from allostasis to homeostasis in the auditory brainstem.
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Mazurek B, Haupt H, Olze H, Szczepek AJ. Stress and tinnitus-from bedside to bench and back. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:47. [PMID: 22701404 PMCID: PMC3371598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to focus the attention of clinicians and basic researchers on the association between psycho-social stress and tinnitus. Although tinnitus is an auditory symptom, its onset and progression often associates with emotional strain. Recent epidemiological studies have provided evidence for a direct relationship between the emotional status of subjects and tinnitus. In addition, studies of function, morphology, and gene and protein expression in the auditory system of animals exposed to stress support the notion that the emotional status can influence the auditory system. The data provided by clinical and basic research with use of animal stress models offers valuable clues for an improvement in diagnosis and more effective treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mazurek
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte Berlin, Germany
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Hemanth Kumar BS, Mishra SK, Rana P, Singh S, Khushu S. Neurodegenerative evidences during early onset of depression in CMS rats as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232:53-9. [PMID: 22449862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by anhedonia and feeling of sadness and chronic mild stress (CMS) seems to be a valuable animal model of depression. CMS animal model was induced and validated using behavioral studies. In the present study we investigated the neuro-metabolite changes occurring in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during the onset of depression, in CMS rat model using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) at field strength of 7 T. Results showed that CMS caused depression-like behavior in rats, as indicated by the decrease in sucrose consumption and locomotor activity. (1)H MRS was performed in both control and CMS rats (n=10, in each group) and the quantitative assessment of the neurometabolites was done using LC model. Relative concentrations of all the metabolites along with the macromolecules were calculated for analysis. The results revealed a significant decrease of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), NAA+NAAG, Glx and GABA levels in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of CMS animals and an elevated level of myo-ionisitol (mI) and taurine (Tau) was observed only in hippocampus. These metabolite fluctuations revealed by proton MRS indicate that there might be change in the neuronal integrity of the glial cells and neurons within prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CMS model of depression. The present study also suggests that there may be a degenerative process concerning the brain morphology in the CMS rats. The overall finding using (1)H MRS suggests that, there might be a major role of the glia and neuron in the onset of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hemanth Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Mapping patterns of depression-related brain regions with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry: Relevance of animal affective systems to human disorders, with a focus on resilience to adverse events. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1876-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Higuera-Matas A, Soto-Montenegro ML, Montoya GL, García-Vázquez V, Pascau J, Miguéns M, Del Olmo N, Vaquero JJ, García-Lecumberri C, Desco M, Ambrosio E. Chronic cannabinoid administration to periadolescent rats modulates the metabolic response to acute cocaine in the adult brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:411-415. [PMID: 20680479 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze brain metabolic response to acute cocaine in male and female Wistar rats with or without a history of cannabinoid exposure during periadolescence. PROCEDURES The synthetic cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940 (CP) or its vehicle (VH), were administered to male and female rats during periadolescence. When these animals reached adulthood, saline and cocaine-induced changes in 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-: glucose (FDG) uptake were studied by positron emission tomography. RESULTS The baseline (post-saline) metabolism in the septal nuclei was higher in CP-females than in VH-females, although septal metabolism was lower in CP-females after cocaine, reaching similar values to those of VH-females at baseline. Cocaine did not affect metabolism in VH-females. Periadolescent cannabinoid treatment did not influence baseline metabolism in males although cocaine reduced the FDG uptake in the dorsal striatum of males that received the VH but not CP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cannabinoids during periadolescence modify baseline and cocaine-evoked brain metabolism in a sex-dependent manner. In the case of CP-females, the involvement of septal metabolic alterations in their susceptibility to the rewarding effects of cocaine should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo L Montoya
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pascau
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Miguéns
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, School of Pharmacy, CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Lecumberri
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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