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Kumar BS. Recent Developments and Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in N-Glycosylation Studies: An Overview. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0142. [PMID: 38435075 PMCID: PMC10904931 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the most typical posttranslational modifications is glycosylation, which often involves the covalent binding of an oligosaccharide (glycan) to either an asparagine (N-linked) or a serine/threonine (O-linked) residue. Studies imply that the N-glycan portion of a glycoprotein could serve as a particular disease biomarker rather than the protein itself because N-linked glycans have been widely recognized to evolve with the advancement of tumors and other diseases. N-glycans found on protein asparagine sites have been especially significant. Since N-glycans play clearly defined functions in the folding of proteins, cellular transport, and transmission of signals, modifications to them have been linked to several illnesses. However, because these N-glycans' production is not template driven, they have a substantial morphological range, rendering it difficult to distinguish the species that are most relevant to biology and medicine using standard techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have emerged as effective analytical tools for investigating the role of glycosylation in health and illness. This is due to developments in MS equipment, data collection, and sample handling techniques. By recording the spatial dimension of a glycan's distribution in situ, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) builds atop existing methods while offering added knowledge concerning the structure and functionality of biomolecules. In this review article, we address the current development of glycan MSI, starting with the most used tissue imaging techniques and ionization sources before proceeding on to a discussion on applications and concluding with implications for clinical research.
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Samal J, Palomino TV, Chen J, Muddiman DC, Segura T. Enhanced Detection of Charged N-Glycans in the Brain by Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:10913-10920. [PMID: 37427925 PMCID: PMC10640919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation represents a structurally diverse, complex, co- and posttranslational protein modification that bridges metabolism and cellular signaling. Consequently, aberrant protein glycosylation is a hallmark of most pathological scenarios. Due to their complex nature and non-template-driven synthesis, the analysis of glycans is faced with several challenges, underlining the need for new and improved analytical technologies. Spatial profiling of N-glycans through direct imaging on tissue sections reveals the regio-specific and/or disease pathology correlating tissue N-glycans that serve as a disease glycoprint for diagnosis. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is a soft hybrid ionization technique that has been used for diverse mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) applications. Here, we report the first spatial analysis of the brain N-linked glycans by IR-MALDESI MSI, leading to a significant increase in the detection of the brain N-sialoglycans. A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue was analyzed in negative ionization mode after tissue washing, antigen retrieval, and pneumatic application of PNGase F for enzymatic digestion of N-linked glycans. We report a comparative analysis of section thickness on the N-glycan detection using IR-MALDESI. One hundred thirty-six unique N-linked glycans were confidently identified in the brain tissue (with an additional 132 unique N-glycans, not reported in GlyConnect), where more than 50% contained sialic acid residues, which is approximately 3-fold higher than the previous reports. This work demonstrates the first application of IR-MALDESI in N-linked glycan imaging of the brain tissue, leading to a 2.5-fold increase in the in situ total brain N-glycan detection compared to the current gold standard of positive-mode matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. This is also the first report of the application of the MSI toward the identification of sulfoglycans in the rodent brain. Overall, IR-MALDESI-MSI presents a sensitive glycan detection platform to identify tissue-specific and/or disease-specific glycosignature in the brain while preserving the sialoglycans without any chemical derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0274, United States
| | - Tana V Palomino
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001, United States
| | - Judy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0274, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0274, United States
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Wooller S, Anagnostopoulou A, Kuropka B, Crossley M, Benjamin PR, Pearl F, Kemenes I, Kemenes G, Eravci M. A combined bioinformatics and LC-MS based approach for the development and benchmarking of a comprehensive database of Lymnaea CNS proteins. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275013. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Applications of key technologies in biomedical research, such as qRT-PCR or LC-MS based proteomics, are generating large biological (-omics) data sets which are useful for the identification and quantification of biomarkers in any research area of interest. Genome, transcriptome and proteome databases are already available for a number of model organisms including vertebrates and invertebrates. However, there is insufficient information available for protein sequences of certain invertebrates, such as the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a model organism that has been used highly successfully in elucidating evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of memory function and dysfunction. Here we used a bioinformatics approach to designing and benchmarking a comprehensive CNS proteomics database (LymCNS-PDB) for the identification of proteins from the CNS of Lymnaea by LC-MS based proteomics. LymCNS-PDB was created by using the Trinity TransDecoder bioinformatics tool to translate amino acid sequences from mRNA transcript assemblies obtained from a published Lymnaea transcriptomics database. The blast-style MMSeq2 software was used to match all translated sequences to UniProtKB sequences for molluscan proteins, including Lymnaea and other molluscs. LymCNS-PDB contains 9,628 identified matched proteins that were benchmarked by performing LC-MS based proteomics analysis with proteins isolated from the Lymnaea CNS. MS/MS analysis using the LymCNS-PDB database led to the identification of 3,810 proteins. Only 982 proteins were identified by using a non-specific molluscan database. LymCNS-PDB provides a valuable tool that will enable us to perform quantitative proteomics analysis of protein interactomes involved in several CNS functions in Lymnaea, including learning and memory and age-related memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wooller
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Crossley
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Paul R. Benjamin
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Frances Pearl
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ildikó Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - György Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Murat Eravci
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Mollusc N-glycosylation: Structures, Functions and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121820. [PMID: 34944464 PMCID: PMC8699351 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscs display a sophisticated N-glycan pattern on their proteins, which is, in terms of involved structural features, even more diverse than that of vertebrates. This review summarises the current knowledge of mollusc N-glycan structures, with a focus on the functional aspects of the corresponding glycoproteins. Furthermore, the potential of mollusc-derived biomolecules for medical applications is addressed, emphasising the importance of mollusc research.
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Tufi S, Lamoree MH, De Boer J, Leonards PEG. Cross-platform metabolic profiling: application to the aquatic model organism Lymnaea stagnalis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1901-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mita K, Okuta A, Okada R, Hatakeyama D, Otsuka E, Yamagishi M, Morikawa M, Naganuma Y, Fujito Y, Dyakonova V, Lukowiak K, Ito E. What are the elements of motivation for acquisition of conditioned taste aversion? Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 107:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spencer G, Rothwell C. Behavioural and network plasticity following conditioning of the aerial respiratory response of a pulmonate mollusc. CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most molluscs perform respiration using gills, but the pulmonate molluscs have developed a primitive lung with which they perform pulmonary respiration. The flow of air into this lung occurs through an opening called the pneumostome, and pulmonate molluscs travel to the surface of the water to obtain oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere. The aerial respiratory behaviour of the pulmonate mollusc, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis (L., 1758)), has been well studied, and a three-neuron central pattern generator (CPG) controlling this rhythmic behaviour has been identified. The aerial respiratory behaviour of L. stagnalis can be operantly conditioned and plasticity within the CPG has been associated with the conditioned response. In this review, we describe both the aerial respiratory behaviour and the underlying neuronal network of this pulmonate mollusc, and then discuss both the behavioural and network plasticity that results from the conditioning of this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.E. Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - C.M. Rothwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Ito E, Otsuka E, Hama N, Aonuma H, Okada R, Hatakeyama D, Fujito Y, Kobayashi S. Memory trace in feeding neural circuitry underlying conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43151. [PMID: 22900097 PMCID: PMC3416747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis can maintain a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) as a long-term memory. Previous studies have shown that the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) evoked in the neuron 1 medial (N1M) cell by activation of the cerebral giant cell (CGC) in taste aversion-trained snails was larger and lasted longer than that in control snails. The N1M cell is one of the interneurons in the feeding central pattern generator (CPG), and the CGC is a key regulatory neuron for the feeding CPG. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Previous studies have suggested that the neural circuit between the CGC and the N1M cell consists of two synaptic connections: (1) the excitatory connection from the CGC to the neuron 3 tonic (N3t) cell and (2) the inhibitory connection from the N3t cell to the N1M cell. However, because the N3t cell is too small to access consistently by electrophysiological methods, in the present study the synaptic inputs from the CGC to the N3t cell and those from the N3t cell to the N1M cell were monitored as the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) recorded in the large B1 and B3 motor neurons, respectively. The evoked monosynaptic EPSPs of the B1 motor neurons in the brains isolated from the taste aversion-trained snails were identical to those in the control snails, whereas the spontaneous monosynaptic EPSPs of the B3 motor neurons were significantly enlarged. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that, after taste aversion training, the monosynaptic inputs from the N3t cell to the following neurons including the N1M cell are specifically facilitated. That is, one of the memory traces for taste aversion remains as an increase in neurotransmitter released from the N3t cell. We thus conclude that the N3t cell suppresses the N1M cell in the feeding CPG, in response to the conditioned stimulus in Lymnaea CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ito
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan.
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Chandramouli KH, Zhang Y, Wong YH, Qian PY. Comparative Glycoproteome Analysis: Dynamics of Protein Glycosylation during Metamorphic Transition from Pelagic to Benthic Life Stages in Three Invertebrates. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1330-40. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kondethimmanahalli H. Chandramouli
- KAUST Global
Collaborative Research Program, Division
of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- KAUST Global
Collaborative Research Program, Division
of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Him Wong
- KAUST Global
Collaborative Research Program, Division
of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global
Collaborative Research Program, Division
of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Matsuo R, Kobayashi S, Morishita F, Ito E. Expression of Asn-d-Trp-Phe-NH2 in the brain of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 160:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chiang YH, Wu YJ, Lu YT, Chen KH, Lin TC, Chen YKH, Li DT, Shi FK, Chen CC, Hsu JL. Simple and specific dual-wavelength excitable dye staining for glycoprotein detection in polyacrylamide gels and its application in glycoproteomics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:780108. [PMID: 21976968 PMCID: PMC3184442 DOI: 10.1155/2011/780108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a commercially available fluorescent dye, Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl hydrazine (LRSH), was designed to specifically stain the glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels. Through the periodate/Schiff base mechanism, the fluorescent dye readily attaches to glycoproteins and the fluorescence can be simultaneously observed under either 305 nm or 532 nm excitation therefore, the dye-stained glycoproteins can be detected under a regular UV transilluminator or a more elegant laser-based gel scanner. The specificity and detection limit were examined using a standard protein mixture in polyacrylamide gels in this study. The application of this glycoprotein stain dye was further demonstrated using pregnancy urine samples. The fluorescent spots were further digested in gel and their identities confirmed through LC-MS/MS analysis and database searching. In addition, the N-glycosylation sites of LRSH-labeled uromodulin were readily mapped via in-gel PNGaseF deglycosylation and LC-MS/MS analysis, which indicated that this fluorescent dye labeling does not interfere with enzymatic deglycosylation. Hence, the application of this simple and specific dual-wavelength excitable dye staining in current glycoproteome research is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University of Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Mass Solutions Technology Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Mass Solutions Technology Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Meiho University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuang H. Chen
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Tzai Li
- Mass Solutions Technology Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Ku Shi
- Mass Solutions Technology Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Chen
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Meiho University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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