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Li Z, Wang C, Liu J, Li P, Feng H. In Vitro Investigations into the Potential Drug Interactions of Pseudoginsenoside DQ Mediated by Cytochrome P450 and Human Drug Transporters. Molecules 2024; 29:2482. [PMID: 38893358 PMCID: PMC11173382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside DQ (PDQ), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, is synthesized with protopanaxadiol through oxidative cyclization. PDQ exhibits good anti-arrhythmia activity. However, the inhibitory effect of PDQ on the cytochrome 450 (CYP450) enzymes and major drug transporters is still unclear. Inhibition of CYP450 and drug transporters may affect the efficacy of the drugs being used together with PDQ. These potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are essential for the clinical usage of drugs. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of PDQ on seven CYP450 enzymes and seven drug transporters with in vitro models. PDQ has a significant inhibitory effect on CYP2C19 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.698 and 0.41 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP) is less potent, with IC50 equal to 2.02-6.79 and 1.08 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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2
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Ginsenoside and Its Therapeutic Potential for Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091310. [PMID: 36139149 PMCID: PMC9496100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the major clinical features of many neurodegenerative diseases. It can be aging-related or even appear in non-central nerve system (CNS) diseases. CI has a wide spectrum that ranges from the cognitive complaint with normal screening tests to mild CI and, at its end, dementia. Ginsenosides, agents extracted from a key Chinese herbal medicine (ginseng), show great promise as a new therapeutic option for treating CI. This review covered both clinical trials and preclinical studies to summarize the possible mechanisms of how ginsenosides affect CI in different diseases. It shows that ginsenosides can modulate signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The involved signaling pathways mainly include the PI3K/Akt, CREB/BDNF, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of CI for related diseases by ginsenosides.
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3
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Hou Y, Yang D, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang P, Liu Y, Gao X, Yang J, Wu C. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 promotes functional recovery after transient cerebral ischemia by regulating the microglia/macrophage polarization in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107896. [PMID: 34246061 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of microglia/macrophages after cerebral ischemia is critical for post-stroke damage/recovery. Previously, we found that pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type saponin, has neuroprotective effects on permanent and transient cerebral ischemia in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of PF11 on microglia/macrophage polarization following transient cerebral ischemia in rats. In vivo data showed that oral administration of PF11 (12 mg/kg) significantly attenuated cognitive deficits and sensorimotor dysfunction, infarct volume and brain edema in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-treated rats, as well as reduced the loss of neurons and the over-activation of microglia in penumbra of ipsilateral striatum and cortex. Notably, the proportion of M2 microglia/macrophages in the total activated microglia/macrophages peaked on day 14 after tMCAO in rats, while PF11 promoted its peak advancing to day 3 post-tMCAO, which allowing the damaged brain to enter the repair period more quickly. Furthermore, PF11 increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in ipsilateral striatum and cortex. In addition, in vitro data showed that PF11 inhibited the induction of M1 microglia by oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neurons, and promoted the polarization of microglia to M2 phenotype in a Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (Jmjd3)-dependent manner. Moreover, PF11 promoted the protection of M2 microglia and attenuated the exacerbation of M1 microglia on OGD/R-induced neuronal damage. Taken together, these results indicate that PF11 protects ischemic neurons by promoting M2 microglia/macrophage polarization in a Jmjd3-dependent manner, ultimately facilitating the functional recovery following transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Depeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xianshi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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4
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Niu XN, Luo W, Lv CN, Lu JC. Research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic ocotillol-type ginsenosides in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae). Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:648-655. [PMID: 34561075 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ocotillol (OT)-type ginsenosides, one subtype of ginsenosides, consist of a dammarane skeleton and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Most naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides exist in Panax species, particularly in Panax quinquefolius, which may be attributed to the warm and humid climate of its native areas. Till now, merely 28 types of naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides have been isolated. In contrast, semi-synthesized OT-type ginsenosides are attracted considerable attentions. These ginsenosides can be obtained through oxidation and cyclization of side chains of dammarane-type ginsenosides, and other methods, which may change their physical and chemical properties and further improve their bioavailabilities. It is also notable that the pharmacological activities of ginsenosides are closely related to the stereoisomers caused by the configuration at C-20. Semi-synthesis of OT-type ginsenosides can facilitate our understanding of the biosynthesis, transformation and metabolism of OT-type ginsenosides in the body. This review will systematically summarize the research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic OT-type ginsenosides, which provides a theoretical basis for their bioactivity-guided research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ni Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chong-Ning Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jin-Cai Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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5
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Zhou F, Zhang X, Jiang L, Li S, Chen Y, Wu J. Pseudoginsenoside F11 Enhances the Viability of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps by Promoting TFEB Nuclear Translocation Through AMPK-mTOR Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667524. [PMID: 33995096 PMCID: PMC8116945 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Random-pattern skin flap is widely used in tissue reconstruction. However, necrosis occurring in the distal part of the flap limits its clinical application to some extent. Activation of autophagy has been considered as an effective approach to enhance the survival of skin flaps. Pseudoginsenoside F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type saponin, is an important component of Panax quinquefolium which has been shown to confer protection against cerebral ischemia and alleviate oxidative stress. However, it is currently unknown whether PF11 induces autophagy to improve the survival of skin flaps. In this study, we investigated the effects of PF11 on blood flow and tissue edema. The results of histological examination and western blotting showed that PF11 enhanced angiogenesis, alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress, thereby improving the survival of the flap. Further experiments showed that PF11 promoted nuclear translocation of TFEB and by regulating the phosphorylation of AMPK. In summary, this study demonstrates that PF11 activates autophagy through the AMPK-TFEB signal pathway in skin flaps and it could be a promising strategy for enhancing flap viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangfu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Zhao RL, Wang HY, Wang XH, Luan MZ, Zhao FL, Meng QG. The crystal structure of (3 S,12 R,20 R,24 R)-3,12-diacetyl-20,24-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25–triol–ethyl acetate (4/1), C 34H 56O 6⋅ 0.25(C 4H 8O 2). Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H56O6⋅0.25(C4H8O2), orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.17152(14) Å, b = 17.6728(3) Å, c = 23.1916(5) Å, V = 3349.18(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0416, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1143, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University , Rizhao , 276826 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University , Yantai , P. R. China
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7
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Cao Y, Wang K, Xu S, Kong L, Bi Y, Li X. Recent Advances in the Semisynthesis, Modifications and Biological Activities of Ocotillol-Type Triterpenoids. Molecules 2020; 25:E5562. [PMID: 33260848 PMCID: PMC7730845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely consumed herbs in the world and plays an important role in counteracting fatigue and alleviating stress. The main active substances of ginseng are its ginsenosides. Ocotillol-type triterpenoid is a remarkably effective ginsenoside from Vietnamese ginseng that has received attention because of its potential antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. The semisynthesis, modification and biological activities of ocotillol-type compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize semisynthesis, modification and pharmacological activities of ocotillol-type compounds. The structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds were reported. This summary should prove useful information for drug exploration of ocotillol-type derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.C.); (K.W.); (S.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.)
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8
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Fu Y, Yang J, Fan S, Zhao S, Du R, Shah SMA, Akram M, Rong R, Yang Y. Selection and validation of optimal endogenous reference genes for analysis of quantitative PCR in four tissues pathologically associated with Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome following influenza A infection. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 33178342 PMCID: PMC7651868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) infected with the influenza virus is a suitable model to imitate a population at high-risk to influenza infection with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain unclear. A stable reference gene is essential as an internal control for molecular biology research of this condition. Reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is considered an extremely sensitive technique used for absolute and relative quantification of target genes transcript levels. To accurately estimate the relative expression of genes in cells from mice with KYDS in response to infection with influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) virus using RT-qPCR, it is necessary to identify suitable reference genes. In the present study, analysis of 10 reference genes (Act-β, β2m, GAPDH, Gusβ, Tubα, Grcc10, Eif4h, Rnf187, Nedd8 and Ywhae) was performed across a set of 4 tissue types: Lung; heart; liver; and kidney. KYDS mice were inoculated with A/H1N1 virus or a mock control. For analysis, geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and Bio-Rad Maestro™ statistical programs were used for the estimation of the stability of the reference genes. The results were authenticated through extended experimental settings using a group of 10 samples, parallel to 3 additional innate immune system-associated genes of the host, TLR3, TLR7 and RIG-I, which were also analyzed using the same algorithms. From the 4 algorithms, taking into account the joint analyses of the ranking order outputs, the 2 genes Ywhae and Nedd8 were identified to be the most stable for mice with KYDS following infection with A/H1N1 virus. In contrast, the least stable genes in all 4 tissues were GAPDH and β2m. These results may affect the choice of reference genes in future studies that use RT-qPCR analysis of target genes in experimental conditions, such as mice with KYDS infected with influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepei Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Shaozhe Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China.,Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
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9
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Hou Y, Yang D, Zhang Q, Wang X, Yang J, Wu C. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates ischemic neuron injury by regulating the polarization of neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Protective Effect of Ocotillol, the Derivate of Ocotillol-Type Saponins in Panax Genus, against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072577. [PMID: 32276345 PMCID: PMC7177626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.
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Liu Y, Wu C, Hou Z, Fu X, Yuan L, Sun S, Zhang H, Yang D, Yao X, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Accelerates Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris and Attenuates Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Complement Receptor 3. Neuroscience 2020; 426:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing Neutrophil Infiltration and Accelerating Neutrophil Clearance. Inflammation 2019; 42:1857-1868. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Zhang T, Wu C, Yang X, Liu Y, Yang H, Yuan L, Liu Y, Sun S, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Protects against Transient Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats Involving Repressing Calcium Overload. Neuroscience 2019; 411:86-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Razgonova MP, Veselov VV, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Nosyrev AE, Cravotto G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Panax ginseng components and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2975-2998. [PMID: 30816465 PMCID: PMC6423617 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the main representatives of traditional Chinese medicine and presents a wide range of pharmacological actions. Ginsenosides are the main class of active compounds found in ginseng. They demonstrate unique biological activity and medicinal value, namely anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as anti-apoptotic properties. Increasing levels of stress in life are responsible for the increased incidence of nervous system diseases. Neurological diseases create a huge burden on the lives and health of individuals. In recent years, studies have indicated that ginsenosides play a pronounced positive role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Nevertheless, research is still at an early stage of development, and the complex mechanisms of action involved remain largely unknown. This review aimed to shed light into what is currently known about the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Scientific material and theoretical bases for the treatment of nervous system diseases with purified Panax ginseng extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Vyacheslavovich Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander Evgenyevich Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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15
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Zhao C, Zhang C, Xing Z, Ahmad Z, Li JS, Chang MW. Pharmacological effects of natural Ganoderma and its extracts on neurological diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1160-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Yao XC, Xue X, Zhang HT, Zhu MM, Yang XW, Wu CF, Yang JY. Pseudoginsenoside‐F11 alleviates oligomeric β‐amyloid‐induced endosome‐lysosome defects in microglia. Traffic 2018; 20:61-70. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue C. Yao
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of PharmacyNankai University Tianjin PR China
| | - Hao T. Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Ming M. Zhu
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Xiao W. Yang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Chun F. Wu
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Jing Y. Yang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
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17
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Le QU, Lay HL, Wu MC, Nguyen THH, Nguyen DL. Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese Ginseng): A Precious Ginseng and Call for Further Research-A systematic review. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., a Vietnamese ginseng, is a well-known plant, naturally distributed in the Ngoc Linh and Hoang Lien Son mountain areas in Vietnam. It is used as a tonic and medicinal food in traditional folk medicine because it possesses wondrous health benefits. To support its functional attributes, various investigations have been carried out to find out its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-nociception, psychomotor and sedative-hypnotic effects and anxiolytic activities. Also similar to other ginsengs, Vietnamese ginseng is a rich source of saponins and it has higher content of protopanaxadiol-, protopanaxatrial- and ocotillol-type saponins compared to other ginsengs in the world. Majonoside R2 is a main saponin in Vietnamese ginseng but this compound does not exist in Panax ginseng. Based on this systematic review, we discussed for future prospects and suggest that thorough scientific scrutiny is necessary in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Ung Le
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and international Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Liang Lay
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hong-Hanh Nguyen
- International Program in Food Science International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Duy-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture, Thai Nguyen College of Economics and Techniques, Thinh Dan, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam
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The crystal structure of (3 S,12 R,20 R,24 S)-3,12-diacetyl-20,24-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25-triol acetone solvate, C 34H 56O 6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H56O6, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.0343(8) Å, b = 17.7992(16) Å, c = 24.153(3) Å, V = 3453.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0642, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1573, T = 293(2) K.
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19
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Zheng M, Xin Y, Li Y, Xu F, Xi X, Guo H, Cui X, Cao H, Zhang X, Han C. Ginsenosides: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8174345. [PMID: 29854792 PMCID: PMC5964429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8174345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Ginsenosides are the major constituents of ginseng. Ginsenosides have the unique biological activity and medicinal value, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and inhibition of cell apoptosis. With the increase of stress in life, the incidence of nervous system diseases is also increasing. Neurological diseases pose a huge burden on people's life and health. In recent years, some studies have shown that ginsenosides have a certain role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. However, the research is still in its infancy, and the relevant mechanisms are complex. In the paper, we review the effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides on epilepsy, depression, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of nervous system diseases by ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yizhou Xin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fangxue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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20
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Shen Y, Bhattarai JP, Park SJ, Lee GS, Ryu PD, Han SK. Korean red ginseng excitation of paraventricular nucleus neurons via non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor activation in mice. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:172-178. [PMID: 29169227 PMCID: PMC5879065 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG), a valuable and important traditional medicine, has varied effects on the central nervous system, suggesting its activities are complicated. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons of the hypothalamus has a critical role in stress responses and hormone secretions. Although the action mechanisms of KRG on various cells and systems have been reported, the direct membrane effects of KRG on PVN neurons have not been fully described. In this study, the direct membrane effects of KRG on PVN neuronal activity were investigated by using a perforated patch-clamp in ICR mice. In gramicidin perforated patch-clamp mode, KRG extract (KRGE) induced repeatable depolarization followed by hyperpolarization of PVN neurons. The KRGE-induced responses were concentration- dependent and persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage sensitive Na+ channel blocker. The KRGE-induced responses were suppressed by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 μM), a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, but not by picrotoxin, a type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist. The results indicate that KRG activates non-NMDA glutamate receptors of PVN neurons in mice, suggesting that KRG may be a candidate for use in regulation of stress responses by controlling autonomic nervous system and hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shen
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Gyu Seung Lee
- Daejeon Dong-gu Health Promotion Center, Daejeon 34691, Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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21
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Jiang S, Fang DF, Chen Y. Involvement of N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor and DL-α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5- Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionic Acid Receptor in Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb3 against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury in Hippocampal Slices from Rat. Pharmacology 2017; 101:133-139. [PMID: 29207398 DOI: 10.1159/000481710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ginsenosides, Rb1 and Rb3, are the major protopanaxadiol components of ginseng saponin. In the present study, the influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb3 on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor or DL-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were investigated. METHODS NMDA receptor population spike (NMDA-PS) or AMPA receptor-mediated population spike (AMPA-PS) was recorded in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of rat hippocampal slices by electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS Under normal conditions, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rb1 depressed glutamate receptors-mediated synaptic transmission. Fourteen min of OGD resulted in a poor recovery amplitude of NMDA-PS or AMPA-PS after reoxygenation. Ginsenoside Rb3 significantly delayed the appearance of transient recovery of PS during OGD, and improved the recovery amplitudes of NMDA-PS and AMPA-PS after reoxygenation. However, the similar protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 were observed only on NMDA-PS but not AMPA-PS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb3 have the different inhibitions on NMDA and AMPA receptors-mediated response, which may partially explain the different protective effects of these agents on ischemic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lianyungang Branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Lianyungang, China
| | - De-Fang Fang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lianyungang Branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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22
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Liu J, Xu Y, Yang J, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang R, Meng Q. Discovery, semisynthesis, biological activities, and metabolism of ocotillol-type saponins. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:373-378. [PMID: 28701880 PMCID: PMC5489761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocotillol-type saponins are one kind of tetracyclic triterpenoids, sharing a tetrahydrofuran ring. Natural ocotillol-type saponins have been discovered in Panax quinquefolius L., Panax japonicus, Hana mina, and Vietnamese ginseng. In recent years, the semisynthesis of 20(S/R)-ocotillol-type saponins has been reported. The biological activities of ocotillol-type saponins include neuroprotective effect, antimyocardial ischemia, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Owing to their chemical structure, pharmacological actions, and the stereoselective activity on antimyocardial ischemia, ocotillol-type saponins are subjected to extensive consideration. In this review, we sum up the discovery, semisynthesis, biological activities, and metabolism of ocotillol-type saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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23
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Liu J, Xu YR, An XS, Hou GG, Meng QG. Synthesis and crystal structures of a 3-acetylated (20S,24S)-ocotillol-type saponin and its C-24 epimer. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2017; 73:464-469. [PMID: 28579568 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617006507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the in vivo protective effect on myocardial ischemia, (20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-12β,25-diol, (V), and (20S,24S)-epoxydammarane-12β,25-diol, (VI), were synthesized through a novel synthetic route. Two key intermediates, namely (20S,24R)-3-acetyl-20,24-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,25-triol, (III) [obtained as the hemihydrate, C32H54O5·0.5H2O, (IIIa), and the ethanol hemisolvate, C32H54O5·0.5C2H5OH, (IIIb), with identical conformations but different crystal packings], and (20S,24S)-3-acetyl-20,24-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,25-triol, C32H54O5, (IV), were obtained during the synthesis. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Molecules of (IIIa) are extended into a two-dimensional network constructed with water molecules linked alternately through intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds, which are further stacked into a three-dimensional network. Compound (IIIb) contains two completely asymmetric molecules, which are linked in a disordered manner through intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds. While the crystal stacks in compound (IV) are linked via weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds, the hydrogen-bonded chains extend helically along the crystallographic b axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Rong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Si An
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu YY, Zhang TY, Xue X, Liu DM, Zhang HT, Yuan LL, Liu YL, Yang HL, Sun SB, Zhang C, Xu HS, Wu CF, Yang JY. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:567-579. [PMID: 28485547 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert wide-ranging neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of PF11 on the autophagic/lysosomal pathway following ischemic stroke. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Cerebral ischemia outcome, TUNEL staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining were carried out 24 hours poststroke. The autophagic/lysosomal-related proteins were measured. RESULTS A single administration of PF11 significantly decreased the infarct area, reduced the brain water content, and improved neurological functions, even 4 hours after the onset of pMCAO. Meanwhile, PF11 lessened the ischemic insult-mediated loss of neurons and activation of astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, PF11 attenuated pMCAO-induced accumulations of autophagosomes and apoptosis. We further observed a remarkable effect of PF11 in reversing the ischemic insult-induced accumulation of autophagosomes (LC3-II) and abnormal aggregation of autophagic proteins (SQSTM1 and ubiquitin). Furthermore, PF11 was capable of improving lysosomal function and lysosome/autophagosome fusion following pMCAO, and this change was reversed by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. Also, the improvement of ischemic outcome and the antiapoptotic effect induced by PF11 was reversed by CQ. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the autophagic flux is impaired in a rat model of pMCAO, and that PF11 exerts an excellent protective effect against ischemic stroke by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Song Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Xu YR, Yang JJ, Liu J, Hou GG, Meng QG. Synthesis and crystal structures of C24-epimeric 20(R)-ocotillol-type saponins. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:498-503. [PMID: 27256698 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616007270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ocotillol-type saponins have a wide spectrum of biological activities. Previous studies indicated that the configuration at the C24 position may be responsible for their stereoselectivity in pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics. Natural ocotillol-type saponins share a 20(S)-form but it has been found that the 20(R)-stereoisomers have different pharmacological effects. The semisynthesis of 20(R)-ocotillol-type saponins has not been reported and it is therefore worthwhile clarifying their crystal structures. Two C24 epimeric 20(R)-ocotillol-type saponins, namely (20R,24S)-20,24-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,25-triol, C30H52O4, (III), and (20R,24R)-20,24-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,25-triol monohydrate, C30H52O4·H2O, (IV), were synthesized, and their structures were elucidated by spectral studies and finally confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The (Me)C-O-C-C(OH) torsion angle of (III) is 146.41 (14)°, whereas the corresponding torsion angle of (IV) is -146.4 (7)°, indicating a different conformation at the C24 position. The crystal stacking in (III) generates an R4(4)(8) motif, through which the molecules are linked into a one-dimensional double chain. The chains are linked via nonclassical C-H...O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network, and further stacked into a three-dimensional structure. In contrast to (III), epimer (IV) crystallizes as a hydrate, in which the water molecules act as hydrogen-bond donors linking one-dimensional chains into a two-dimensional network through intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen-bonded chains extend helically along the crystallographic a axis and generate a C4(4)(8) motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Rong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
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26
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Dela Peña IJI, Kim HJ, Botanas CJ, de la Peña JB, Van Le TH, Nguyen MD, Park JH, Cheong JH. The psychopharmacological activities of Vietnamese ginseng in mice: characterization of its psychomotor, sedative-hypnotic, antistress, anxiolytic, and cognitive effects. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:201-208. [PMID: 28413325 PMCID: PMC5386119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. or Vietnamese ginseng (VG) is a recently discovered ginseng species. Studies on its chemical constituents have shown that VG is remarkably rich in ginseng saponins, particularly ocotillol saponins. However, the psychopharmacological effects of VG have not been characterized. Thus, in the present study we screened the psychopharmacological activities of VG in mice. Methods VG extract (VGE) was orally administered to mice at various dosages to evaluate its psychomotor (open-field and rota-rod tests), sedative–hypnotic (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test), antistress (cold swimming test), anxiolytic (elevated plus-maze test), and cognitive (Y-maze and passive-avoidance tests) effects. Results VGE treatment increased the spontaneous locomotor activity, enhanced the endurance to stress, reduced the anxiety-like behavior, and ameliorated the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. In addition, VGE treatment did not alter the motor balance and coordination of mice and did not potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleep, indicating that VGE has no sedative-hypnotic effects. The effects of VGE were comparable to those of the Korean Red Ginseng extract. Conclusion VG, like other ginseng products, has significant and potentially useful psychopharmacological effects. This includes, but is not limited to, psychomotor stimulation, anxiolytic, antistress, and memory enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Joy I Dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Semisynthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of a series of ocotillol type saponins and aglycones from 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2, Rh1, protopanaxatriol and their 20(R)-epimers. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-5324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Larkin A, Chen MY, Kirszenblat L, Reinhard J, van Swinderen B, Claudianos C. Neurexin-1 regulates sleep and synaptic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Eur J Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26201245 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurexins are cell adhesion molecules that are important for synaptic plasticity and homeostasis, although links to sleep have not yet been investigated. We examined the effects of neurexin-1 perturbation on sleep in Drosophila, showing that neurexin-1 nulls displayed fragmented sleep and altered circadian rhythm. Conversely, the over-expression of neurexin-1 could increase and consolidate night-time sleep. This was not solely due to developmental effects as it could be induced acutely in adulthood, and was coupled with evidence of synaptic growth. The timing of over-expression could differentially impact sleep patterns, with specific night-time effects. These results show that neurexin-1 was dynamically involved in synaptic plasticity and sleep in Drosophila. Neurexin-1 and a number of its binding partners have been repeatedly associated with mental health disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome, all of which are also linked to altered sleep patterns. How and when plasticity-related proteins such as neurexin-1 function during sleep can provide vital information on the interaction between synaptic homeostasis and sleep, paving the way for more informed treatments of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Larkin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Leonie Kirszenblat
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Judith Reinhard
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Claudianos
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Ong WY, Farooqui T, Koh HL, Farooqui AA, Ling EA. Protective effects of ginseng on neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:129. [PMID: 26236231 PMCID: PMC4503934 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Order: Apiales, Family: Araliaceae, Genus: Panax) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for over 2000 years, and is recorded to have antianxiety, antidepressant and cognition enhancing properties. The protective effects of ginseng on neurological disorders are discussed in this review. Ginseng species and ginsenosides, and their intestinal metabolism and bioavailability are briefly introduced. This is followed by molecular mechanisms of effects of ginseng on the brain, including glutamatergic transmission, monoamine transmission, estrogen signaling, nitric oxide (NO) production, the Keap1/Nrf2 adaptive cellular stress pathway, neuronal survival, apoptosis, neural stem cells and neuroregeneration, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and cerebral microvessels. The molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of ginseng in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) including β-amyloid (Aβ) formation, tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress, major depression, stroke, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis are presented. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate more studies on the use of ginseng in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tahira Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akhlaq A Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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Ma JY, Zhang SP, Guo LB, Li YM, Li Q, Wang SQ, Liu HM, Wang C. KCC2 expression changes in Diazepam-treated neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischaemia brain damage. Brain Res 2014; 1563:22-30. [PMID: 24709118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischaemia brain damage (HIBD) is a major type of perinatal brain injury in newborns. In this study, we investigate the short- and long-term neuroprotective effects of Diazepam on neonatal rats with HIBD and the potential mechanisms underlying its protective effects. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by a 2-h exposure to 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen. Diazepam was administered immediately via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection after inducing HIBD at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1)8h(-1) for three consecutive days. Three days after HIBD, rats were decapitated, and the extent of brain injury was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Additionally, the expression of Potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) was analysed using real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Three weeks after HIBD, rats were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the locomotor activity test to determine the long-term therapeutic effects of Diazepam. We observed that the volume of infarction in the Diazepam group was significantly less (P<0.01) compared with the HIBD group. We also observed that the learning and memory abilities of the Diazepam rats improved significantly compared with the untreated rats (P<0.05) and that the decrease in KCC2 expression was prevented (P<0.01). Early treatment with Diazepam appears to attenuate HIBD and can efficiently improve the long-term learning and memory capabilities of the animal. A potential mechanism underlying these effects may involve preventing the decrease in KCC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Su-Pei Zhang
- Medical College of Kaifeng University, Kaifeng 475001, PR China
| | - Liu-Bin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:642-56. [PMID: 24467851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been shown to possess significant neuroprotective activity. Since microglia-mediated inflammation is critical for induction of neurodegeneration, this study was designed to investigate the effect of PF11 on activated microglia. PF11 significantly suppressed the release of ROS and proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS in a microglial cell line N9 including NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, PF11 inhibited interaction and expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in LPS-activated N9 cells, resulting in an inhibition of the TAK1/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway. PF11 also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs induced by LPS in N9 cells. Importantly, PF11 significantly alleviated the death of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons induced by the conditioned-medium from activated microglia. At last, the effect of PF11 on neuroinflammation was confirmed in vivo: PF11 mitigated the microglial activation and proinflammatory factors expression obviously in both cortex and hippocampus in mice injected intrahippocampally with LPS. These findings indicate that PF11 exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways, suggesting its therapeutic implication for neurodegenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.
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Gao H, Li Z, Li P, Lin M, Han L, Wang F, Liu J. Determination of Pseudoginsengenin DQ in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and application of the method in a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 933:1-7. [PMID: 23845389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoginsengenin DQ (pseudoginsengenin of diol derivatives quest, PDQ), the product of the oxidative cyclization of protopanaxadiol, exhibits a significant pharmacological effect as an antiarrhythmic agent. A sensitive and rapid analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was initially developed for the detection of PDQ in rat plasma. Pre-treatment of the sample obtained from the plasma involved a single protein precipitation step, using methanol. PDQ and an internal standard (IS), physcion, were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 analytical column (50mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min. Chromatography of the PDQ and IS was performed within 3min. Detection was performed through positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI(+)) in multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 5-1000ng/mL (r>0.9980). The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.5ng/mL and 5.0ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day deviations (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD) were ≤9.5% and ≤1.7%, respectively, and the accuracy (expressed as relative error, RE) was in the range of -1.1 to 2.7%. The recoveries of PDQ and IS were 95.2% and 100.7%, respectively, and the matrix effects were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examined. This fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of rats after a single initial intragastric administration of 15mg/kg PDQ. The main pharmacokinetic parameters: Tmax (the time to peak), Cmax (the concentration to peak), and t1/2 (the biological half time) were 4.0±0.0h, 3265.12±700.26ng/mL, 5.97±0.43h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, ChangChun, Jilin 130021, China
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Wang CM, Liu MY, Wang F, Wei MJ, Wang S, Wu CF, Yang JY. Anti-amnesic effect of pseudoginsenoside-F11 in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 106:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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