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Bu D, Zhang CQ, Liang W, Han Z, Yi N, Su N, Huang Z. Mental health literacy and help-seeking intention among Chinese elite athletes: the mediating roles of stigma and social support. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1332343. [PMID: 39328811 PMCID: PMC11424532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Considering the importance of mental health help-seeking, researchers have closely examined the relationship between mental health literacy (MHL) and help-seeking intention (HSI). Furthermore, the high impact of stigma and the potential value of social support on HSI have been recognised. However, the relationship between these variables has not been fully tested within the context of Chinese elite athletes. This study addressed this gap by examining the relationship between MHL and HSI. Furthermore, it explored the mediating effects of public stigma, self-stigma, and social support on the relationship between MHL and HSI among Chinese elite athletes. Methods 450 Chinese elite athletes (M age = 18.12, SD = 3.20, 46.2% female) self-reported their MHL, public stigma, self-stigma, social support, and HSI. Mediation analysis was conducted using the bootstrap approach of the PROCESS macro version 3.3 of SPSS 25. Results The results showed a significant positive correlation between MHL and HSI (r = 0.348). The results also demonstrated that MHL was a predictor of HSI (β = 0.337, 95%CI [0.249, 0.425], p < 0.001). Furthermore, 1) the indirect effect of MHL → public stigma→HSI was 0.024 and a 95%CI [0.003, 0.053]. Specifically, MHL predicted public stigma (Estimate = -0.151, 95%CI [-0.187, -0.045], p < 0.001), and public stigma predicted HSI (Estimate = -0.161, 95%CI [- 0.549, -0.164], p < 0.001); 2) the indirect effect of MHL → self-stigma→ HSI was 0.016 and 95%CI [0.002, 0.038]. Specifically, MHL predicted self-stigma (Estimate = -0.137, 95%CI [-0.069, -0.013], p < 0.01), and self-stigma predicted HSI (Estimate = -0.120, 95%CI [-1.181, -0.186], p < 0.01); as well as 3) the indirect effect of MHL → social support→HSI was 0.029 and a 95%CI [0.009, 0.055]. Specifically, MHL predicted social support (Estimate = 0.208, 95%CI [0.018, 0.047], p < 0.001), and social support predicted HSI (Estimate = 0.141, 95%CI [0.578, 2.442], p < 0.01). Additionally, the direct effects from MHL to HSI is (β = 0.452, 95%CI [0.304, 0.600], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings provide empirical support for the roles of public stigma, self-stigma, and social support as mechanisms of behavioural change in MHL interventions. These factors increase HSI among elite athletes. Future studies should further test these mediating effects using experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danran Bu
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport of China, Hubei Institute of Sport Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Yi
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Su
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Chen Z, Wang D, Fang W, Luan M. The Impact of Skill Level on the Integration of Information and Post-Error Adjustment during Action Anticipation in Basketball. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:423. [PMID: 38785914 PMCID: PMC11117715 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of skill level on the integration of contextual prior information and kinematic information alongside post-error adjustment during action anticipation in basketball. Twenty-three collegiate basketball players and twenty-three control participants engaged in anticipating as quickly and accurately as possible the outcomes of free throws, utilizing video clips depicting basketball players' actions, both with and without contextual prior information. Anticipatory performance and the difference in anticipatory performance following errors and correct responses were analyzed based on skill level and the congruency of contextual prior information (none, congruent, and incongruent). The findings revealed that the congruency of contextual prior information significantly affects action anticipation, with skill level moderating this effect. Moreover, skill level influenced the congruency effect on accuracy discrepancies between post-error and post-correct trials during action anticipation, with controls showing greater sensitivity to previous trial performance compared to experts. These results provide further evidence for the notion that individuals employ Bayesian reliability-based strategies to integrate different information sources and underscore the role of skill level in adjusting anticipatory judgments following errors during action anticipation. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms that differentiate skill levels in action anticipation, potentially guiding the development of targeted training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Chen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Danlei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Wenxuan Fang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Mengkai Luan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
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Ji Q, Zhou C, Wang Y. Influence of conflicting prior information on action anticipation in soccer players: an ERP study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1320900. [PMID: 38131060 PMCID: PMC10733450 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1320900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prior probability information and visual kinematic information are essential for action anticipation in athletes. The aims of this study were to examine how conflicting prior information influences anticipatory judgment in athletes vs. non-athletes and to explore the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Methods The aim of Experiment 1 was to determine the moment when prior information influenced action anticipation in athletes vs. non-athletes. To that end, 17 semi-elite soccer goalkeepers and 18 non-athletes received prior information about the probability of the direction that a player on a video would kick a ball into the goal. Participants then anticipated the trajectory of the ball when the action of the player's kick on the video was truncated at the moment the foot contacted the ball (time T) or one frame (T-1; 50 ms) or two frames (T-2; 100 ms) before the foot-ball contact. The aim of Experiment 2 was to elucidate the adaptive cognitive-motor behavior exhibited by highly trained soccer players at the moment when their anticipatory performance was most influenced by prior information. Experiment 2 included 27 different semi-elite soccer players with many years of experience as a goalkeeper and 27 different non-athletes. Participants anticipated the direction of the kick when the kinematic action of the kicker at the moment the anticipatory performance of the participants was most influenced by prior information (as determined in Experiment 1) was congruent, incongruent, or neutral. Action anticipation accuracy and response time were evaluated for both experiments, whereas event-related potential components N1, N2, and P3 were assessed only in Experiment 2. Results The results of Experiment 1 showed that anticipatory accuracy was significantly higher among athletes than non-athletes and that anticipatory accuracy with directional information given was significantly higher than that when no prior information was given or when prior information without directional information was given (p < 0.001) for both T-1 (p's ≤ 0.034) and T-2 (p's < 0.001) occlusion points. In Experiment 2 using those two video occlusion times, the amplitude of the N1 component, which reflects selective attention to stimulus properties, was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (p < 0.001). The amplitude of the N2 component, which has been associated with conflict monitoring, for the incongruent condition was significantly higher than that for both neutral (p < 0.001) and congruent (p < 0.001) conditions in athletes. Non-athletes exhibited no significant N2 amplitude differences for any prior information condition. Conclusion Integrating prior information enhanced action anticipation in semi-elite soccer players, particularly 50 and 100 ms before the foot-ball contact. Semi-elite soccer players prioritized early selective attention and conflict monitoring of kinematic information, facilitating action anticipation using the prior information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Ji
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Sports Economic Management Research Center, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor Cognitive Assessment and Regulation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor Cognitive Assessment and Regulation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Feng T, Zhang F, Asgher U, Yan B, Peng T. Visual search strategies of performance monitoring used in action anticipation of basketball players. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3298. [PMID: 37872861 PMCID: PMC10726756 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have found that expert players anticipate better than novices. If more accurate prediction represents performance monitoring of experts, what are the advantages of elite basketball players in identifying and processing available cues? There is still a lack of sufficient evidence. This study examined the visual search in basketball players and explored the performance monitoring of action anticipation, adopting an expert-novice paradigm and eye-movement technology. METHODS Forty basketball players were recruited in this study: 20 in the expert group and 20 in the novice group. Participants were asked to predict the outcome of videotaped basketball throws and their accuracy and eye-movement characteristics were record. RESULTS The accuracy of the expert was significantly higher than that of the novice. The experts were able to instantly search and identify important cues in anticipation, and the gaze area of the experts was concentrated on the area of interest of the body. Additionally, the expert group showed long, repetitive, and rapid visual search of vital information, and improved their performance of the task. CONCLUSION The experts could monitor the performance of prediction by grabbing vital shooting information (such as the body of a player). The results suggest the athletes and coaches that if they want to improve the ability of prediction, it may be useful to shift their focus of attention from ball trajectory to body action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of SportsPhysical Education College of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Physical EducationPhysical Education College of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- School of Physical EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Umer Asgher
- Quality Assurance & NUST International Office Directorate (QA & NIO Dte)National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)IslamabadPakistan
| | - Bingbing Yan
- School of Physical EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tianyu Peng
- School of Physical EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Perrone S, Rinaldi L, Gatti D, Girelli L. Temporal perception in closed-skill sports: An experimental study on expert swimmers and runners. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 69:102500. [PMID: 37665935 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive benefits of closed-skill sports practice have so far been scantily investigated. Here, we thus focused on the potential impact of swimming and running - two sports that highly rely on a precise control of timing - on time processing. To investigate the impact of these closed-skill sports on time perception and estimation, three groups of participants (for a total of eighty-four young adults) took part in the present study: expert swimmers, expert runners, and non-athletes. The ability to process temporal information in the milliseconds and seconds range was assessed through a time reproduction and a finger-tapping tasks, while a motor imagery paradigm was adopted to assess temporal estimation of sport performance in a wider interval range. We also employed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire to assess the individual's ability of motor imagery. Results showed that closed-skill sports, specifically time-related disciplines, enhance motor imagery and time perception abilities. Swimmers were more accurate and consistent in perceiving time when compared to runners, probably thanks to the sensory muffled environment that leads these athletes to be more focused on the perception of their internal rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perrone
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Girelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.
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Wu Q, Jiang H, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Cao Y, Song J, Shi B, Chi A, Wang C. Characteristics of changes in the functional status of the brain before and after 1,000 m all-out paddling for different levels of dragon boat athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109949. [PMID: 37287781 PMCID: PMC10243504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purposes Dragon boat is a traditional sport in China, but the brain function characteristics of dragon boat athletes are still unclear. Our purpose is to explore the changing characteristics of brain function of dragon boat athletes at different levels before and after exercise by monitoring the changes of EEG power spectrum and microstate of athletes before and after rowing. Methods Twenty-four expert dragon boat athletes and 25 novice dragon boat athletes were selected as test subjects to perform the 1,000 m all-out paddling exercise on a dragon boat dynamometer. Their resting EEG data was collected pre- and post-exercise, and the EEG data was pre-processed and then analyzed using power spectrum and microstate based on Matlab software. Results Post-Exercise, the Heart Rate peak (HR peak), Percentage of Heart Rate max (HR max), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and Exercise duration of the novice group were significantly higher than expert group (p < 0.01). Pre-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, α1, α2, and β1 bands were significantly higher in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, θ, and α1 bands were significantly lower in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the power spectral density values of α2, β1, and β2 bands were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The results of microstate analysis showed that the duration and contribution of microstate class D were significantly higher in the pre-exercise expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the transition probabilities of A → D, C → D, and D → A were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the duration, and contribution of microstate class C in the expert group decreased significantly compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the occurrence of microstate classes A and D were significantly higher (p < 0.05), the transition probability of A → B was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the transition probabilities of C → D and D → C were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion The functional brain state of dragon boat athletes was characterized by expert athletes with closer synaptic connections of brain neurons and higher activation of the dorsal attention network in the resting state pre-exercise. There still had higher activation of cortical neurons after paddling exercise. Expert athletes can better adapt to acute full-speed oar training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Hongke Jiang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhuan Shao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Jing Song
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Bing Shi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
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Yu M, Xu S, Hu H, Li S, Yang G. Differences in right hemisphere fNIRS activation associated with executive network during performance of the lateralized attention network tast by elite, expert and novice ice hockey athletes. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114209. [PMID: 36368444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated brain activity associated with executive control attention network in elite, expert, and novice female ice hockey athletes during the revised lateralized attention network tast to determine whether the neural correlates of performance differ by skill level. METHODS We collected and analyzed functional near-infrared spectroscopy data of 38 participants while performing the revised lateralized attention network tast. RESULTS Elite players were significantly faster than novices (p = .005), and the experts' overall accuracy rate (ACC) was higher than that of novices (p = .001). The effect of the executive network on reaction time was higher in novices than in elite players (p = .008) and experts (p = .004). The effect of the executive network on the ACC was lower in elite players than in experts (p = .009) and novices (p = .010). Finally, elite player had higher flanker conflict effects on RT (p = .005) under the invalid cue condition. the effect of the alertness network and orientation on the ACC was lower in elite players than in novices (p = .000) and experts (p = .022). Changes in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal related to the flanker effect were significantly different in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F=3.980, p = .028) and right inferior frontal gyrus (F=3.703, p = .035) among the three groups. Elit players showed more efficient executive control (reduced conflict effect on ACC) (p = .006)in the RH.The changes related to the effect of blood oxygen level on orienting were significantly different in the right frontal eye fields (F=3.883, p = .030) among the three groups, Accompanied by significant activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(p = .026). CONCLUSION Our findings provide partial evidence of the superior cognitive performance and high neural efficiency of elite ice hockey players during cognitive tasks. These results demonstrate the right hemisphere superiority for executive control.We also found that specific brain activation in hockey players does not show a clear and linear relationship with skill level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Sport Science College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Sinuo Xu
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Hao Hu
- Sport Science College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Shuangling Li
- School of Physical Education and Training, Harbin Sport College, Harbin 150008, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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The Effects of Social Processing and Role Type on Attention Networks: Insights from Team Ball Athletes. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030476. [PMID: 36979286 PMCID: PMC10046498 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Several findings have shown how social stimuli can influence attentional processes. Social attention is crucial in team ball sports, in which players have to react to dynamically changing, unpredictable, and externally paced environments. Our study aimed at demonstrating the influence of social processing on team ball sports athletes’ attentional abilities. (2) Methods: A total of 103 male players divided by sport (soccer, handball, and basketball) and by role (striker, midfielder, or defender) were tested through a modified version of the Attention Network Test (ANT) in which they were exposed to both social and non-social stimuli. (3) Results: Social stimuli positively impacted the athletes’ abilities to focus on target stimuli and ignore conflicting environmental requests (t = −2.600, p = 0.011 *). We also found that the athletes’ roles impacted their performance accuracy. Specifically, differences were found in the ability to maintain a general state of reactivity between athletes (strikers vs. midfielders: t = 3.303, p = 0.004 **; striker vs. defenders: t = −2.820, p = 0.017 *; midfielders vs. defenders: t = −5.876, p < 001 ***). (4) Conclusion: These findings revealed that social stimuli are crucial for performance enhancement in team ball sports athletes. Further, we suggest that it is possible to draw specific attentional profiles for athletes in different roles.
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Chen YH, Chang CY, Huang SK. Strike or ball? Batters know it better: an fMRI study of action anticipation in baseball players. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3221-3238. [PMID: 35788641 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether the brain processes of action anticipation are modulated differently by perceptual and motor experiences, baseball batters, pitchers, and non-players were asked to predict the fate of pitching actions (strike or ball) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed both batters (perceptual experts of pitching action) and pitchers (motor experts) were more accurate than non-players. Furthermore, batters demonstrated higher perceptual sensitivity in discriminating strikes than non-players. All groups engaged the action observation network, putamen, and cerebellum during anticipation, while pitchers showed higher activity than non-players in the left premotor cortex, which has been implicated in the internal simulation of observed action. Only batters exhibited differences in strike versus ball pitches in their left ventral extrastriate cortex, which might be associated with the processing of relevant visual information conveyed by the observed pitcher's movement kinematics and pitch trajectory. Moreover, all groups showed higher activity selectively in the striatum, thalamus, sensorimotor cortices, and cerebellum during correct predictions than during incorrect ones, with most widespread activation in batters, reinforcing the greater involvement of the sensorimotor system in perceptual experience. Our findings demonstrate that perceptual experience might enhance action anticipation ability to a greater extent than motor experience, with overlapping but specific neural underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Road, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuei Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
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Jin P, Ge Z, Fan T. Research on visual search behaviors of basketball players at different levels of sports expertise. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1406. [PMID: 36697486 PMCID: PMC9876905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine visual search strategies of skilled basketball players in an anticipation task. This study selected 48 experienced and inexperienced basketball players. The participants were grouped into novice and expert groups based on their experience. The participants were asked to look at series of pictures of offensive patterns of play in a basketball game from a third person perspective and chose one of the three options: passing, shooting and break through. This study measured and recorded the response time, key pressing results, and eye movements. Eye movement data were recorded using the Tobii X-3 120 eye tracker. The results showed that, the expert group demonstrated superior anticipation performance, and were more accuracy. In addition, the results showed that participants in the expert group and faster predicted the offensive way faster than the novice group. The results also showed that experienced basketball players employed a simple and efficient visual search strategy including greater fixation counts and longer fixation duration on more informative areas than the novice group. Furthermore, the visualization metrics showed that the expert group had a more concise fixation trajectory and focused mainly on key information area. Generally, expert players exhibited a more efficient and effective visual search strategy demonstrating better performance on anticipation tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Ge
- Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zając T, Mikołajec K, Chmura P, Konefał M, Krzysztofik M, Makar P. Long-Term Trends in Shooting Performance in the NBA: An Analysis of Two- and Three-Point Shooting across 40 Consecutive Seasons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1924. [PMID: 36767322 PMCID: PMC9915101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to depict two-point and three-point shooting trends and explore their influence on game outcomes in the NBA across 40 consecutive seasons. Therefore, the following game-related statistics were considered: total points per game (PPG), games played (GP), field goals made (FGM), field goal attempts (FGA), field goal percentage (FG%), two-point field goals made (2PM), two-point field goal attempts (2PA), two-point field goal percentage (2P%), three-point field goals made (3PM), three-point field goal attempts (3PA), three-point field goal percentage (3P%), and a three-point field goal to two-point field goal ratio (3P/2P). The fixed-base indexes and inter-decade ANOVAs or Friedman tests were used as the main statistical tools. The number of 3PA significantly increased over time, while the number of 2PA decreased. A significant increase in 3P% was also observed, whereas 2P% remained relatively stable over the analyzed period. This study also revealed a higher number of ball possessions and more points scored per game, especially in the last decade of NBA competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zając
- Human Performance Laboratory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Mikołajec
- Department of Basketball and Football, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J., Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J., Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Makar
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
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Paulauskas R, Stumbras M, Coutinho D, Figueira B. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Euroleague Basketball. Front Psychol 2022; 13:979518. [PMID: 36211903 PMCID: PMC9539540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.979518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand how training and playing conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the performance of Euroleague Basketball players. Using a non-participant observation analysis, the study compared the seasons before the lockdown (2018-2019 and 2019-2020; pre-pandemic) with the season after restart (2020-2021; pandemic). Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were applied for variables with normal and non-normal distributions, respectively. The results revealed significant changes (p < 0.05) in several offensive and defensive performance-related variables during pandemic times (without attendance): free throw attempts, free throw percentage, turnovers, three-point attempt rate, fouls (small effect sizes, ESs), points, and possessions (trivial ES). The pre-pandemic HA (70%) significantly decreased after the lockdown, with games played with no crowd (∼51%; p = 0.018, large ES). The one-sample t-test showed that the HA after the COVID-19 interruption was not significantly greater than 50%, indicating that the HA did not endure during the pandemic condition. Although significant differences between home and away teams were found for most performance-related variables (excepting turnovers) in both pre-pandemic and pandemic conditions, variations of the relative HA were only significant for free throw attempts (large ES), points (medium ES), and turnovers (medium ES). The results of this study showed that performance variables were affected by the COVID-19 lockdown. Thus, these findings may help coaches, players, and referees to counteract unwanted competitive events and improve their overall performance, regardless of the contextual/situational circumstances encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rûtenis Paulauskas
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mykolas Stumbras
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Diogo Coutinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Bruno Figueira
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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13
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Silva AF, Afonso J, Sampaio A, Pimenta N, Lima RF, Castro HDO, Ramirez-Campillo R, Teoldo I, Sarmento H, González Fernández F, Kaczmarek A, Oniszczuk A, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Differences in visual search behavior between expert and novice team sports athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1001066. [PMID: 36211897 PMCID: PMC9536317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For a long time, in sports, researchers have tried to understand an expert by comparing them with novices, raising the doubts if the visual search characteristics distinguish experts from novices. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes. Methods This systematic review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines. Healthy team athletes were included, which engaged in regular practice, from any sex or competitive level, specifically classified a priori as expert or novice in the original research (i.e., if they were classified after the experiment, based on one of the tests, the study would be excluded). We considered only research published in peer-reviewed journals, with no limitations regarding date or language. It was considered healthy team sport athletes engaged in regular practice. The scenarios could be in situ or film-based. The databases of EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, and APA PsycINFO), PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were used to perform the searches. The risk of bias was calculated through the RoBANS tool. Results From a total of 6,257 records, of which 985 were duplicates, titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of those, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling the eligibility criteria regarding participants. In the end, 22 studies were selected, however, as two studies were part of the same trial and were analyzed conjointly. Discussion Experts showed to be older and with more years of practice. The ability to distinguish experts from novices was not so clear regarding the variables analyzed. This could be due to the strategies chosen in each study, which were specific to each scenario, and when grouping all together, it was lost information within non-representative averages. The distinction between experts and novices was not clear, showing a lot of heterogeneity in the included studies. The expert classification itself may have been the conditioning aspect for these results, retaining the doubt and the need for more studies in the field. Systematic review registration The protocol was pre-registered in OSF (project https://osf.io/3j4qv/, register https://osf.io/dvk2n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Pimenta
- Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Franco Lima
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Israel Teoldo
- Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer (NUPEF), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Du Y, He L, Wang Y, Liao D. The Neural Mechanism of Long-Term Motor Training Affecting Athletes’ Decision-Making Function: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:854692. [PMID: 35517985 PMCID: PMC9062593 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.854692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is an advanced cognitive function that promotes information processes in complex motor situations. In recent years, many neuroimaging studies have assessed the effects of long-term motor training on athletes’ brain activity while performing decision-making tasks, but the findings have been inconsistent and a large amount of data has not been quantitatively summarized until now. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the neural mechanism of long-term motor training affecting the decision-making function of athletes by using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. Altogether, 10 studies were included and comprised a total of 350 people (168 motor experts and 182 novices, 411 activation foci). The ALE meta-analysis showed that more brain regions were activated for novices including the bilateral occipital lobe, left posterior cerebellar lobe, and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in decision-making tasks compared to motor experts. Our results possibly suggested the association between long-term motor training and neural efficiency in athletes, which provided a reference for further understanding the neural mechanisms of motor decision-making.
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15
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Dhouibi MA, Miladi I, Racil G, Hammoudi S, Coquart J. The Effects of Sporting and Physical Practice on Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Vividness: A Comparative Study Between Athletic, Physically Active, and Exempted Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:776833. [PMID: 34887817 PMCID: PMC8650608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.776833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest of motor imagery practice on performance and motor learning is well-established. However, the impact of sporting and physical practice on motor imagery vividness is currently unclear, especially in youth. Two-hundred-and-forty adolescents were recruited to form different groups. For each age group (age-group 1, A-G1 with 13years≤age≤14years 6months vs. age-group 2, A-G2 with 14years 6months<age≤16years), 40 athletes, 40 active adolescents, and 40 exempted were recruited (20 girls and 20 boys in each category). Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second version (MIQ-Rs) was used to assess the Visual Motor Imagery (VMI) and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) vividness. Results show that VMI is more evoked and more vivid than KMI (p<0.001). Athletes had greater VMI and KMI than active and exempted groups (p<0.001), and the active group also performed higher VMI and KMI than the exempted group (p<0.001). Subjects from A-G2 had greater motor imagery than subjects from A-G1, and boys had better motor imagery than girls. Conclusion: the present results show that sport and physical education engagement is associated with enhanced motor imagery vividness, especially in VMI. Moreover, older adolescents evoke clearer images than younger adolescents, and boys have greater imagery ability than girls. Therefore, teachers and coaches should consider age and gender when developing this cognitive skill when learning, in physical education classes and sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Ali Dhouibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychology: Intersubjectivity and Culture, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imed Miladi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit (UR17JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Racil
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabra Hammoudi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
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16
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Earlier detection facilitates skilled responses to deceptive actions. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 80:102885. [PMID: 34678581 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-skilled and recreational rugby players were placed in a semi-immersive CAREN Lab environment to examine susceptibility to, and detection of, deception. To achieve this, a broad window of seven occlusion times was used in which participants responded to life-size video clips of an opposing player 'cutting' left or right, with or without a deceptive sidestep. Participants made full-body responses to 'intercept' the player and gave a verbal judgement of the opponent's final running direction. Response kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using three-dimensional motion capture cameras and force plates, respectively. Based on response accuracy, the results were separated into deception susceptibility and deception detection windows then signal detection analysis was used to calculate indices of discriminability between genuine and deceptive actions (d') and judgement bias (c). Analysis revealed that high-skilled and low-skilled players were similarly susceptible to deception; however, high-skilled players detected deception earlier in the action sequence, which enabled them to make more effective behavioural responses to deceptive actions.
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17
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An Overview on Cognitive Function Enhancement through Physical Exercises. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101289. [PMID: 34679354 PMCID: PMC8534220 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is extensively focused on the enhancement of cognitive functions while performing physical exercises categorized into cardiovascular exercises, resistance training, martial arts, racquet sports, dancing and mind-body exercises. Imaging modalities, viz. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), have been included in this review. This review indicates that differences are present in cognitive functioning while changing the type of physical activity performed. This study concludes that employing fNIRS helps overcome certain limitations of fMRI. Further, the effects of physical activity on a diverse variety of the population, from active children to the old people, are discussed.
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18
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Li Y, Feng T. The Effect of Judgement Bias on Cue Utilization for Shot Prediction in Basketball Athletes. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081058. [PMID: 34439677 PMCID: PMC8391667 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning the judgments bias and cue utilization in basketball athletes, previous shot anticipation tasks were hard to examine in regards to whether the experts' judgement bias relies more on the cue of the player's body or the ball trajectory. METHODS Four types of body-ball cues shots were employed: IN-IN, IN-OUT, OUT-IN, and OUT-OUT. Four temporal stages (i.e., shooting, rising, high point, and falling) were divided during a shot. Forty-two participants predicted the fate of the ball after watching the shot videos. RESULTS The results suggested that for the shooting, rising, and high point phase, compared to the non-athletes, the experts provided superior predictions for IN-IN condition and OUT-IN condition but fewer accurate predictions for IN-OUT condition and OUT-OUT condition. Moreover, a higher bias toward predicting the shots as "in" for the athletes than the non-athletes under early temporal conditions was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS These findings strengthen the idea that the IN cues from both body information and ball trajectory could elicit the experts' judgement bias for made shots and then influence their response, thus rendered two distinct (e.g., impeding and facilitating) effects for the incongruent body-ball cues, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Sports, Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450044, China;
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15515586037
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19
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Rösch D, Schultz F, Höner O. Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052331. [PMID: 33673427 PMCID: PMC7967709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making is a central skill of basketball players intending to excel individually and contribute to their teams’ success. The assessment of such skills is particularly challenging in complex team sports. To address this challenge, this study aimed to conceptualize a reliable and valid video-based decision-making assessment in youth basketball. The study sample comprised youth basketball players of the German U16 national team (n = 17; MAge = 16.01 ± 0.25 years) and students of a sports class (n = 17; MAge = 15.73 ± 0.35 years). Diagnostic validity was tested by determination of the performance levels according to response accuracy as well as response time in the assessment. External validity was examined by investigation of the correlation between the diagnostic results of the elite athletes and their real game performance data associated with passing skills. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the diagnostic results discriminate between performance levels (χ2(2) = 20.39, p < 0.001, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.60). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between the diagnostic results and assists (F(2,10) = 4.82, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.49) as well as turnovers per game (F(2,10) = 5.23, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.51). However, no relationship was detected regarding the assist-turnover ratio. Further, response time discriminated within the elite athletes’ performance data but not between performance levels while for response accuracy the opposite is the case. The results confirm the diagnostic and external validity of the assessment and indicate its applicability to investigate decision-making skills in youth basketball.
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20
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Warren-West LS, Jackson RC. Seeing the Bigger Picture: Susceptibility to, and Detection of, Deception. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 42:463-471. [PMID: 33152689 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An extended time window was used to examine susceptibility to, and detection of, deception in rugby union. High- and low-skilled rugby players judged the final running direction of an opponent "cutting" left or right, with or without a deceptive sidestep. Each trial was occluded at one of eight time points relative to the footfall after the initial (genuine or fake) reorientation. Based on response accuracy, the results were separated into deception susceptibility and deception detection windows. Signal-detection analysis was used to calculate the discriminability of genuine and deceptive actions (d') and the response bias (c). High-skilled players were less susceptible to deception and better able to detect when they had been deceived, accompanied by a reduced bias toward perceiving all actions as genuine. By establishing the time window in which players become deceived, it will now be possible to identify the kinematic sources that drive deception.
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21
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Yang C, Luo N, Liang M, Zhou S, Yu Q, Zhang J, Zhang M, Guo J, Wang H, Yu J, Cui Q, Chen H, Gao Q. Altered Brain Functional Connectivity Density in Fast-Ball Sports Athletes With Early Stage of Motor Training. Front Psychol 2020; 11:530122. [PMID: 33101115 PMCID: PMC7546905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.530122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain shows neuroplastic adaptations caused by motor skill training. Of note, there is little known about the plastic architecture of the whole-brain network in resting state. The purpose of the present study was to detect how motor training affected the density distribution of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was assessed based on a comparison of fast-ball student athletes (SA) and non-athlete healthy controls (NC). The voxel-wise data-driven graph theory approach, global functional connectivity density (gFCD) mapping, was applied. Results showed that the SA group exhibited significantly decreased gFCD in brain regions centered at the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to the opercular part of the left IFG and middle frontal gyrus compared to the NC group. In addition, findings suggested the idea of an increased neural efficiency of athletes’ brain regions associated with attentional–motor modulation and executive control. Furthermore, behavioral results showed that in the SA group, faster executive control reaction time relates to smaller gFCD values in the left IFG. These findings suggested that the motor training would decrease the numbers of FC in IFG to accelerate the executive control with high attentional demands and enable SA to rapidly focus the attention to detect the intriguing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Luo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minfeng Liang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihong Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingpu Guo
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Wang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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22
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Chen YH, Chang CY, Huang SK, Yen NS. Nonlinear engagement of action observation network underlying action anticipation in players with different levels of expertise. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5199-5214. [PMID: 32845066 PMCID: PMC7670634 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to reconcile inconsistency of neural engagement underlying action anticipation between experts and nonexperts, as well as between correct and incorrect anticipations. Therefore, we asked novice, intermediate, and skilled baseball batters (N, IB, and SB) to anticipate their swing decisions in response to pitching videos of a strike or ball, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral results confirmed the effect of expertise that is generally shown in a linear fashion. Imaging results instead revealed a nonlinear relationship between expertise level and the evoked response amplitude of nodes within the action observation network. The relationship was best captured by an inverted U‐shaped quadratic response profile across the three groups such that IB exhibited higher activation than did both SB and N. These empirical findings extend the framework of predictive coding as well as of neural efficiency in anticipating the action of others, and they might be associated with the underlying process to interpret the goal of the observed action and prepare one's own response. Furthermore, the right anterior cerebellum showed different levels of activation for correct and incorrect anticipations in all groups, adding novel evidence of its subtle involvement in anticipation processes irrespective of expertise status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Chen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chang
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuei Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Shing Yen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Cocić D, Vaci N, Prieger R, Bilalić M. Reading the Future from Body Movements -Anticipation in Handball. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:483-498. [PMID: 32746741 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1802216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In speed-based sports that require fast reactions, the most accurate predictions are made once the players have seen the ball trajectory. However, waiting for the ball trajectory does not leave enough time for appropriate reactions. Expert athletes use kinematic information which they extract from the opponent's movements to anticipate the ball trajectory. Temporal occlusion, where only a part of the full movement sequence is presented, has often been used to research anticipation in sports. Unlike many previous studies, we chose occlusion points in video-stimuli of penalty shooting in handball based on the domain-specific analysis of movement sequences. Instead of relying on randomly chosen occlusion points, each time point in our study revealed a specific chunk of information about the direction of the ball. The multivariate analysis showed that handball goalkeepers were not only more accurate and faster than novices overall when predicting where the ball will end up, but that experts and novices also made their decisions based on different kinds of movement sequences. These findings underline the importance of kinematic knowledge for anticipation, but they also demonstrate the significance of carefully chosen occlusion points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Cocić
- Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nemanja Vaci
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Prieger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Merim Bilalić
- Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Sato D, Yamazaki Y, Yamashiro K, Onishi H, Baba Y, Ikarashi K, Maruyama A. Elite competitive swimmers exhibit higher motor cortical inhibition and superior sensorimotor skills in a water environment. Behav Brain Res 2020; 395:112835. [PMID: 32750463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Motor skill learning leads to task-related contextual behavioral changes that are underpinned by neuroplastic cortical reorganization. Short-term training induces environment-related contextual behavioral changes and neuroplastic changes in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, it is unclear whether environment-related contextual behavioral changes persist after long-term training and how cortical plastic changes are involved in behavior. To address these issues, we examined 14 elite competitive swimmers and 14 novices. We hypothesized that the sensorimotor skills of swimmers would be higher in a water environment than those of novices, and the recruitment of corticospinal and intracortical projections would be different between swimmers and novices. We assessed joint angle modulation performance as a behavioral measure and motor cortical excitation and inhibition using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at rest and during the tasks that were performed before, during, and after water immersion (WI). Motor cortical inhibition was measured with short-interval intracortical inhibition and long-interval intracortical inhibition by a paired-pulse TMS paradigm. We found that 1) the sensorimotor skills of swimmers who underwent long-term training in a water environment were superior and robustly unchanged compared with those of novices with respect to baseline on land, during WI, on land post-WI and 2) intracortical inhibition in water environments was increased in swimmers but was decreased in non-swimmers at rest compared to that on land; however, the latter alterations in intracortical inhibition in water environment were insufficient to account for the superior sensorimotor skills of swimmers. In conclusion, we demonstrate that environment-related contextual behavioral and neural changes occur even with long-term training experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan; Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maruyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Li Y, Feng T. The effects of sport expertise and shot results on basketball players' action anticipation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227521. [PMID: 31905223 PMCID: PMC6944359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to clarify the effects of sport expertise and shot results on the action anticipation of basketball players. Eighty-eight male subjects participated in this study, namely, 30 collegiate basketball players, 28 recreational basketball players and 30 non-athletes. Each participant performed a shot anticipation task in which he watched the shooting phase, rising phase, high point and falling phase of a free throw and predicted the fate of the ball. The results showed that the collegiate players and recreational players demonstrated higher accuracy than the non-athletes for the falling phase but not for the other temporal conditions. Analysis of the shot results demonstrated that for made shots, the collegiate players and recreational players provided more accurate predictions than the non-athletes. These results suggested that the experienced players required a sufficient amount of information to be able to make accurate judgements and demonstrated that the experts’ judgement bias for made shots was independent of the temporal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Sports, Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Social Sports, Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zhang L, Qiu F, Zhu H, Xiang M, Zhou L. Neural Efficiency and Acquired Motor Skills: An fMRI Study of Expert Athletes. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2752. [PMID: 31866917 PMCID: PMC6908492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural efficiency hypothesis was investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the differences in brain activity between athletes imagining performing different movements: basketball athletes imagined throwing and volleyball athletes imagined serving. These comparisons of brain activity among athletes imagining movements from their self-sport (e.g., a basketball throw in basketball athletes) versus movements from other sport (e.g., a volleyball serve in basketball athletes) revealed the neural energy consumption each task costs. The results showed better temporal congruence between motor execution and motor imagery and vividness of motor imagery, but lower levels of activation in the left putamen, inferior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area, postcentral gyrus, and the right insula when both groups of athletes imagined movements from their self-sport compared with when they imagined movements from the other-sport. Athletes were more effective in the representation of the motor sequences and the interoception of the motor sequences for their self-sport. The findings of present study suggest that elite athletes achieved superior behavioral performance with minimal neural energy consumption, thus confirming the neural efficiency hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- Department of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghui Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Xiang
- Department of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Zhou
- Department of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Özkan DG, Pezzetta R, Moreau Q, Abreu AM, Aglioti SM. Predicting the fate of basketball throws: an EEG study on expert action prediction in wheelchair basketball players. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3363-3373. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Papitto G, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E. The topographical organization of motor processing: An ALE meta-analysis on six action domains and the relevance of Broca's region. Neuroimage 2019; 206:116321. [PMID: 31678500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Action is a cover term used to refer to a large set of motor processes differing in domain specificities (e.g. execution or observation). Here we review neuroimaging evidence on action processing (N = 416; Subjects = 5912) using quantitative Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) and Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling (MACM) approaches to delineate the functional specificities of six domains: (1) Action Execution, (2) Action Imitation, (3) Motor Imagery, (4) Action Observation, (5) Motor Learning, (6) Motor Preparation. Our results show distinct functional patterns for the different domains with convergence in posterior BA44 (pBA44) for execution, imitation and imagery processing. The functional connectivity network seeding in the motor-based localized cluster of pBA44 differs from the connectivity network seeding in the (language-related) anterior BA44. The two networks implement distinct cognitive functions. We propose that the motor-related network encompassing pBA44 is recruited when processing movements requiring a mental representation of the action itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Papitto
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Fewer fixations of longer duration? Expert gaze behavior revisited. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-019-00616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Qiu F, Pi Y, Liu K, Zhu H, Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y. Neural efficiency in basketball players is associated with bidirectional reductions in cortical activation and deactivation during multiple-object tracking task performance. Biol Psychol 2019; 144:28-36. [PMID: 30902565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although sports expertise has been shown to have transferable cognitive benefits, it is unclear how motor expertise influences brain activity during perceptual-cognitive tasks. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether improved perceptual-cognitive behavioral task performance in individuals with well-developed motor skills is associated with characteristic cortical activation and deactivation. Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) was conducted in 23 athletes and 24 age- and education-matched non-athletes performing a multiple object tracking (MOT) task with graded levels of attentional load (two, three, or four targets). Compared to non-athletes, athletes had better performance in the three- and four-target conditions of the MOT task. Less activation of the left frontal eye field (FEF) and bilateral anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) and less deactivation in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG) were observed in athletes compared to non-athletes. Importantly, as the attentional load was increased, differences in deactivation of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) between athletes and non-athletes became larger. Behavioral performance in the high attentional load condition correlated negatively with activation in the left FEF and right aIPS, and correlated positively with that in the mSFG and left MTG. Better performance in elite athletes may transfer from the sport domain to a general cognitive domain owing to higher neural efficiency, which may be represented by a bidirectional reduction phenomenon encompassing both reduced activation of areas associated with task execution and reduced deactivation of areas associated with irrelevant information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Qiu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepei Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Maglott JC, Chiasson D, Shull PB. Influence of skill level on predicting the success of one's own basketball free throws. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214074. [PMID: 30901360 PMCID: PMC6430392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basketball players sometimes claim to know when their shot is good, even before it goes in. This is likely because shooter proprioception can help determine shot outcome, even before their eyes confirm it. This phenomenon, however, has not been systematically explored for collegiate and recreational shooters. This study compared how well collegiate shooters and recreational shooters could predict outcomes of their own free throws without seeing the shot result. Forty collegiate and recreational shooters shot standard free throws while wearing liquid-crystal occlusion glasses that activated to occlude vision immediately following ball release during each shot. After each shot, shooters verbally predicted shot outcome as “in” or “out”, and predicted results were compared with actual outcomes. As anticipated, for made shots, collegiate shooters more accurately predicted their own shots than recreational shooters. However, unexpectedly, for missed shots, collegiate shooters were worse than recreational shooters and were even significantly worse than chance. Further analysis found that collegiate shooters exhibited a significantly higher bias toward predicting their shots as “in”. Understanding how shooters of different skill levels perceive their own shot could inform future training strategies for improving shooter accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Maglott
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Chiasson
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter B. Shull
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Basketball Game-Related Statistics that Discriminate Between European Players Competing in the NBA and In the Euroleague. J Hum Kinet 2018; 65:225-233. [PMID: 30687434 PMCID: PMC6341956 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the game-related statistics that discriminated between Euroleague basketball players and European basketball players playing in the NBA, when competing in the same event (EuroBasket 2015). There was a total of 78 matches played by 24 teams in two groups of analysis: NBA, participants in the European Championship who played in the NBA season of 2014-2015 (n = 26); Euroleague, participants in the European Championship who played in the Euroleague season of 2014-2015 (n = 82). The players’ performance variables were normalized to the time they spent on the court. To identify which variables best discriminated between the NBA and the Euroleague performance profiles, a descriptive discriminant analysis was conducted. Structure coefficients (SC) from the matrix greater than |0.30| were interpreted as meaningful contributors to discriminating between the groups. The results revealed a significant function (p = 0.008, canonical correlation of 0.51, Λ = 0.74, reclassification = 84.2%) and substantial performance differences in game-related statistics much related to the influence of body size (body height and mass), such as two-point field goals made (SC = 0.42) and missed (SC = 0.40), free-throws made (SC = 0.55), defensive rebounds (SC = 0.62), blocks (SC = 0.48) and suffered fouls (SC = 0.34). No differences were found at the level of game-related statistics indirectly related to perception, such as assists, turnovers or steals. Also, the greater body size in NBA players was likely related to higher variability in performance, thus, being an important topic for coaches and recruiters to analyse.
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33
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Unenaka S, Ikudome S, Mori S, Nakamoto H. Concurrent Imitative Movement During Action Observation Facilitates Accuracy of Outcome Prediction in Less-Skilled Performers. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1262. [PMID: 30079048 PMCID: PMC6063051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skilled athletes can predict the outcome of actions performed by others, based on the kinematic information inherent in others' actions, earlier and more accurately than less-skilled athletes. Activation of the motor cortex during action observation indicates motor simulation of other's actions in one's own motor system; this contributes to skilled outcome prediction. Thus, the present study investigated whether concurrent movements during action observation that affect motor simulation influence the accuracy of outcome prediction, namely, whether concurrent imitative movement and self-movement enhance and inhibit accuracy, respectively, based on skill level. Twelve male varsity basketball players (skilled group) and twelve male college students with no special training in basketball (less-skilled group) were required to predict the outcome of a basketball free throw by another player based on the action kinematics in the following four conditions: prediction without any action (observation), prediction with right-wrist volar flexion with maximum speed (incongruent-action), prediction with concurrent imitative movement during observation by right-wrist flexion as if imitating the model's action (imitative-motion), or prediction with concurrent self-movement by right-wrist flexion as if shooting by oneself (self-motion). The results showed that the skilled group had degraded accuracy of outcome prediction in the self-motion condition compared to the observation condition. In contrast, accuracy in the less-skilled group was facilitated in the imitative-motion condition compared to the observation condition. The findings suggest that, at least in less-skilled participants, the appropriate motor simulation that relates to skilled prediction can be virtually induced by concurrent imitative movement during the prediction task, even if they have less experience of free throws. This effect in imitative movement is likely to occur by producing identical motor commands with observed action, thereby enabling the prediction of sensory consequences and outcome accurately via a forward model. We propose that traditional perceptual training with concurrent imitative movement is likely to be an effective way to develop visual- and motor-based hybrid outcome predictions that produce superior inferences in skilled athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Unenaka
- Department of Sport Education, School of Lifelong Sport, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Sachi Ikudome
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamoto
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
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Ballroom Dancing Promotes Neural Activity in the Sensorimotor System: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:2024835. [PMID: 29853838 PMCID: PMC5944238 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2024835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims at investigating differences in the spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in the sensorimotor system between ballroom dancers and nondancers, to further support the functional alteration in people with expertise. Materials and Methods Twenty-three ballroom dancers and twenty-one matched novices with no dance experience were recruited in this study. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity, as methods for assessing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, were used to reveal the resting-state brain function in these participants. Results Compared to the novices, ballroom dancers showed increased ALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The ballroom dancers also demonstrated lower ALFF in the left lingual gyrus and altered functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and temporal, parietal regions. Conclusions Our results indicated that ballroom dancers showed elevated neural activity in sensorimotor regions relative to novices and functional alterations in frontal-temporal and frontal-parietal connectivity, which may reflect specific training experience related to ballroom dancing, including high-capacity action perception, attentional control, and movement adjustment.
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35
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Zhang LL, Pi YL, Shen C, Zhu H, Li XP, Ni Z, Zhang J, Wu Y. Expertise-Level-Dependent Functionally Plastic Changes During Motor Imagery in Basketball Players. Neuroscience 2018; 380:78-89. [PMID: 29634999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery is the mental process of rehearsing or simulating a given action without overt movements. The aim of the present study is to examine plastic changes in relevant brain areas during motor imagery with increasing expertise level. Subjects (novices, intermediate and elite players) performed motor imagery of basketball throws under two experimental conditions (with-ball and without-ball). We found that all basketball players exhibited better temporal congruence (between motor imagery and motor execution) and higher vividness of motor imagery than novices. The vividness of motor imagery was higher for the with-ball than for the without-ball conditions in all three subject groups. The results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed three different patterns of cortical activation. Activation in the left middle frontal gyrus increased and that in the left supplementary motor area decreased with increasing levels of motor expertise. Importantly, brain activation in the left postcentral gyrus was the highest in the intermediate players compared to both novices and elite players. For the elite group, these three areas showed higher activation in the without-ball condition than the with-ball condition, while the opposite trend was found in intermediate players. Our findings suggest that the level of motor expertise may be related to high-order brain functions that are linked to different activation patterns in different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue-Pei Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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36
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Filgueiras A, Quintas Conde EF, Hall CR. The neural basis of kinesthetic and visual imagery in sports: an ALE meta − analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:1513-1523. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Liu T, Shao M, Yin D, Li Y, Yang N, Yin R, Leng Y, Jin H, Hong H. The effect of badminton training on the ability of same-domain action anticipation for adult novices: Evidence from behavior and ERPs. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:6-11. [PMID: 28830821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many transverse studies have found that athletes can better anticipate the outcome of sequential actions belonging to their domain of motor expertise than non-athletes. However, few studies have causally investigated this issue. Using badminton training as an example, the present study attempted to explore whether sports training affected the same-domain action anticipation ability of adult novices and the related neural mechanisms. To address this issue, participants in the training group attended a 12-week badminton training course (1h/time, 3 times/week). Both the training and control groups were asked to view badminton video clips and predict the landing position of a shuttle before and after 12 weeks. Compared to the control group, the training group showed a decrease in the inverse efficiency score, indicating that badminton training did improve trainees' action anticipation ability. Furthermore, the training group produced larger N2 and P3 components of event-related potential after the training. These findings suggest that sport training may affect inhibitory processes and memory encoding during same-domain action anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Mengling Shao
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Desheng Yin
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Ruru Yin
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Leng
- School of Education Science, NanTong University, 226000, Nan Tong, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China.
| | - Haixiao Hong
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, 300074 Tianjin, China
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38
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Christensen JF, Cela-Conde CJ, Gomila A. Not all about sex: neural and biobehavioral functions of human dance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1400:8-32. [PMID: 28787539 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an integrative review of neuroscientific and biobehavioral evidence about the effects of dance on the individual across cultural differences. Dance moves us, and many derive aesthetic pleasure from it. However, in addition-and beyond aesthetics-we propose that dance has noteworthy, deeper neurobiological effects. We first summarize evidence that illustrates the centrality of dance to human life indirectly from archaeology, comparative psychology, developmental psychology, and cross-cultural psychology. Second, we review empirical evidence for six neural and biobehavioral functions of dance: (1) attentional focus/flow, (2) basic emotional experiences, (3) imagery, (4) communication, (5) self-intimation, and (6) social cohesion. We discuss the reviewed evidence in relation to current debates in the field of empirical enquiry into the functions of human dance, questioning the positions that dance is (1) just for pleasure, (2) all about sex, (3) just for mood management and well-being, and (4) for experts only. Being a young field, evidence is still piecemeal and inconclusive. This review aims to take a step toward a systematization of an emerging avenue of research: a neuro- and biobehavioral science of dance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilo José Cela-Conde
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Antoni Gomila
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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39
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Tan XY, Pi YL, Wang J, Li XP, Zhang LL, Dai W, Zhu H, Ni Z, Zhang J, Wu Y. Morphological and Functional Differences between Athletes and Novices in Cortical Neuronal Networks. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 10:660. [PMID: 28101012 PMCID: PMC5209359 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical structural and functional differences in athletes and novices were investigated with a cross-sectional paradigm. We measured the gray matter volumes and resting-state functional connectivity in 21 basketball players and 21 novices with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. It was found that gray matter volume in the left anterior insula (AI), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), precuneus is greater in basketball players than that in novices. These five brain regions were selected as the seed regions for testing the resting-state functional connectivity in the second experiment. We found higher functional connectivity in default mode network, salience network and executive control network in basketball players compared to novices. We conclude that the morphology and functional connectivity in cortical neuronal networks in athletes and novices are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Tan
- School of Physical Education and Coaching, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, HangZhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Pei Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Dai
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre and Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
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40
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Xu H, Wang P, Ye Z, Di X, Xu G, Mo L, Lin H, Rao H, Jin H. The Role of Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Anticipation in Professional Badminton Players. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1817. [PMID: 27909422 PMCID: PMC5112264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies show that the medial frontal cortex is associated with more skilled action anticipation, while similar findings are not observed in some other studies, possibly due to the stimuli employed and the participants used as the control group. In addition, no studies have investigated whether there is any functional connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and other brain regions in more skilled action anticipation. Therefore, the present study aimed to re-investigate how the medial frontal cortex is involved in more skilled action anticipation by circumventing the limitations of previous research and to investigate that the medial frontal cortex functionally connected with other brain regions involved in action processing in more skilled action anticipation. To this end, professional badminton players and novices were asked to anticipate the landing position of the shuttlecock while watching badminton match videos or to judge the gender of the players in the matches. The video clips ended right at the point that the shuttlecock and the racket came into contact to reduce the effect of information about the trajectory of the shuttlecock. Novices who lacked training and watching experience were recruited for the control group to reduce the effect of sport-related experience on the medial frontal cortex. Blood oxygenation level-dependent activation was assessed by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to novices, badminton players exhibited stronger activation in the left medial frontal cortex during action anticipation and greater functional connectivity between left medial frontal cortex and some other brain regions (e.g., right posterior cingulate cortex). Therefore, the present study supports the position that the medial frontal cortex plays a role in more skilled action anticipation and that there is a specific brain network for more skilled action anticipation that involves right posterior cingulate cortex, right fusiform gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, left insula and particularly, and left medial frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, USA
| | - Guiping Xu
- School of Education, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Hua Jin
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin, China
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Dai W, Pi YL, Ni Z, Tan XY, Zhang J, Wu Y. Maintenance of balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition after long-term training. Neuroscience 2016; 336:114-122. [PMID: 27600949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Motor learning with professional experience leads to cortical reorganization with plasticity. Long-term training facilitates motor cortical excitability. It is not clear how beneficial cortical plasticity is maintained during long-term training. We studied this question in 15 elite badminton athletes and 15 novices. We hypothesize that motor cortical excitation increases after long-term training and this is accompanied by increased motor cortical inhibition. Motor cortical excitation was measured with motor-evoked potential (MEP) input-output curve using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Motor cortical inhibition was measured with short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) by a paired-pulse TMS paradigm. We found MEP was increased at high TMS intensity and the MEP input-output curve was steeper in athletes compared to novices. Both SICI and LICI were also increased in athletes. In addition, both SICI and LICI were correlated with the slope of MEP input-output curve in athletes but not in novices. The slope of MEP input-output curve, SICI and LICI were also correlated with the training time in athletes. We conclude that both cortical excitation and cortical inhibition are increased, and that the balance between cortical excitation and inhibition is maintained during long-term training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New DistractDistrict, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre and Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- School of Physical Education and Coaching, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Correa Mesa JF, Álvarez Peña PA. Neurología de la anticipación y sus implicaciones en el deporte. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v64n1.50473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>El movimiento es una acción que involucra interconexiones complejas, por lo cual se requiere profundizar en los procesos de adaptación, predicción y anticipación que permiten entender la importancia de estos aspectos desde sus bases filogenéticas y ontogenéticas hasta su implicación en movimientos complejos. Parte de la optimización de los procesos descritos se haya en la calidad de información aferente, la cual permite la relación con el entorno —especialmente la entrada visual— que reconoce un flujo de imágenes y una proyección al contexto en el que se está inmerso. Las estructuras e interconexiones implicadas en la anticipación y predicción de movimientos son descritas de modo que se evidencia la congruencia y continuidad del flujo de información que caracteriza esta especialidad neuromecánica de movimiento. Por otro lado, se aborda la integración de centros puntuales del sistema nervioso central y redes neuronales que permiten el entramado de procesos de aprendizaje por observación, además de proveer equilibrio y eficiencia al sistema en la recepción de estímulos y su relación con la generación de eferencias motoras que cumplan con objetivos específicos. En el ámbito deportivo estos procesos favorecen la eficiencia del gesto optimizando el movimiento.</p>
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Neurophysiology of action anticipation in athletes: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 60:115-20. [PMID: 26616736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of action anticipation studies using functional neuroimaging or brain stimulation during a sport-specific anticipation task. A total of 15 studies from 2008 to 2014 were evaluated and are reported in four sections: expert-novice samples, action anticipation tasks, neuroimaging and stimulation techniques, and key findings. Investigators examined a wide range of action anticipation scenarios specific to eight different sports and utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Expert-novice comparisons were commonly used to investigate differences in action anticipation performance and neurophysiology. Experts tended to outperform novices, and an extensive array of brain structures were reported to be involved differently for experts and novices during action anticipation. However, these neurophysiological findings were generally inconsistent across the studies reviewed. The discussion focuses on strengths and four key limitations. The conclusion posits remaining questions and recommendations for future research.
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Juravle G, Spence C. Speed of reaction to sensory stimulation is enhanced during movement. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 161:154-61. [PMID: 26398485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report four experiments on the speed of people's reactions to sensory stimulation while throwing and catching a basketball. Thirty participants participated in Experiment 1, split according to basketball expertise: none, intermediate (6years on average), or advanced (20years or more). The participants had to catch a bouncing basketball. The movement triggered a short tactile pulse in a tactor attached to their wrist to which they made a speeded vocal response (RT). The pulse could be presented either at rest, at two time-points during the reaching movement, or when the hand reached forward to catch the ball. The results indicated that participants responded more rapidly to vibrations on the moving hand relative to preparing or catching the ball, with expert athletes responding significantly faster than novices. In a second experiment, participants made a speeded vocal response to an auditory signal. As in Experiment 1, faster auditory RTs were observed when the hand was moving, as compared to the other time-points. In a third study, the participants responded to a pulse delivered at their resting hand at various time-points corresponding to the average timings of stimulation in Experiment 1. The results revealed comparable RTs across the tested time-points. In a final experiment, the participants made a vocal response to a pulse presented at various time-points while they were throwing the basketball. The results indicated faster tactile RTs while the ball was being thrown. These results are discussed with reference to the literature on goal-directed movements and in terms of current theories of attention and sensory suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Juravle
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK
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Peripheral vision and perceptual asymmetries in young and older martial arts athletes and nonathletes. Atten Percept Psychophys 2015; 76:2465-76. [PMID: 25005071 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-014-0719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated peripheral vision (PV) and perceptual asymmetries in young and older martial arts athletes (judo and karate athletes) and compared their performance with that of young and older nonathletes. Stimuli were dots presented at three different eccentricities along the horizontal, oblique, and vertical diameters and three interstimulus intervals. Experiment 1 showed that although the two athlete groups were faster in almost all conditions, karate athletes performed significantly better than nonathlete participants when stimuli were presented in the peripheral visual field. Experiment 2 showed that older participants who had practiced a martial art at a competitive level when they were young were significantly faster than sedentary older adults of the same age. The practiced sport (judo or karate) did not affect performance differentially, suggesting that it is the practice of martial arts that is the crucial factor, rather than the type of martial art. Importantly, older athletes lose their PV advantage, as compared with young athletes. Finally, we found that physical activity (young and older athletes) and age (young and older adults) did not alter the visual asymmetries that vary as a function of spatial location; all participants were faster for stimuli presented along the horizontal than for those presented along the vertical meridian and for those presented at the lower rather than at the upper locations within the vertical meridian. These results indicate that the practice of these martial arts is an effective way of counteracting the processing speed decline of visual stimuli appearing at any visual location and speed.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Shi FY, Guan Y, Wu Y, Zhang LL, Shen C, Zeng YW, Wang DH, Zhang J. The effect of motor imagery with specific implement in expert badminton player. Neuroscience 2014; 275:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Muiños M, Ballesteros S. Visuospatial Attention and Motor Skills in Kung Fu Athletes. Perception 2013; 42:1043-50. [DOI: 10.1068/p7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the performance of a group of sixteen kung fu athletes with that of a control group of fourteen nonathletes on a speeded visuospatial task and a hand-tapping motor task. In the visuospatial task the results showed that athletes were faster than the control participants when stimuli were presented at the periphery of the visual field at a middle and high presentation speed with short interstimulus intervals. Athletes were also significantly faster than nonathlete participants when performing motor actions such as hand-tapping with their dominant hand but groups did not differ with the nondominant hand. These results support the view that athletes perform some speeded visuospatial and motor tasks faster than nonathletes under certain conditions. The findings suggest that, after several years of practice, kung fu athletes develop certain skills that allow them to perform motor speed maneuvers under time pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soledad Ballesteros
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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