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Li WY, Jin H, Zou Y, Huang H, Wei Z, Kang J, Xue Y, Wang W. The Different Effect of Tongue Motor Task Training (TTT) and Strength Training (ST) on the Modulation of Genioglossus Corticomotor Excitability and upper airway stability in Rats. Sleep 2022; 45:6648555. [PMID: 35867628 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES the mechanical efficiency of upper airway (UA) muscles are pivotal in maintaining UA stability. We aimed to investigate if different tongue training approaches could differently induce signs of neuroplastic in the corticomotor pathways and upper airway stability changes. METHODS 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were trained daily for eight weeks to lick an isotonic force-sensing disc at targeting forces using 30-50% of maximal achieved lick force (MALF) for tongue task training (TTT) or targeting force set above 50%, 60% and 70% of MALF progressively for tongue strength training (TST). Corticomotor excitability was dynamically assessed by GG response to transcortical magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different sessions. GG EMG activity, GG ultrastructure and myosin heavy chain (MHC), UA dynamics were assessed after eight weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks, GG TMS latencies decreased in both tongue training groups when compared with the control group (p<0.05) and this excitability was more stable in TTT group. After 8 weeks, both GG TMS response and EMG activity revealed increased excitability in TTT and TST groups. The apoptotic pathological morphology changes of GG ultrastructure were observed in TST group, but not TTT. Percentage of GG MHC type I fibers in TST group was higher than the control and TTT groups (p<0.05). The UA Pcrit decreased significantly in TTT group (p<0.05) and tend to decrease in TST group (p=0.09). CONCLUSION TTT could improve the UA stability and induce the neuroplastic changes more efficiently without training-induced muscle injury, while TST revealed a fatigue-resistance change in GG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Li
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijing Wei
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Neurobiology department, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pain's Adverse Impact on Training-Induced Performance and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2281-2306. [PMID: 35301674 PMCID: PMC9581826 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Motor training is a widely used therapy in many pain conditions. The brain’s capacity to undergo functional and structural changes i.e., neuroplasticity is fundamental to training-induced motor improvement and can be assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The aim was to investigate the impact of pain on training-induced motor performance and neuroplasticity assessed by TMS. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-guidelines and a Prospero protocol (CRD42020168487). An electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane until December 13, 2019, identified studies focused on training-induced neuroplasticity in the presence of experimentally-induced pain, 'acute pain' or in a chronic pain condition, 'chronic pain'. Included studies were assessed by two authors for methodological quality using the TMS Quality checklist, and for risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The literature search identified 231 studies. After removal of 71 duplicates, 160 abstracts were screened, and 24 articles were reviewed in full text. Of these, 17 studies on acute pain (n = 7) or chronic pain (n = 10), including a total of 258 patients with different pain conditions and 248 healthy participants met the inclusion criteria. The most common types of motor training were different finger tasks (n = 6). Motor training was associated with motor cortex functional neuroplasticity and six of seven acute pain studies and five of ten chronic pain studies showed that, compared to controls, pain can impede such trainings-induced neuroplasticity. These findings may have implications for motor learning and performance and with putative impact on rehabilitative procedures such as physiotherapy.
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Kumar A, Munirji L, Nayif S, Almotairy N, Grigoriadis J, Grigoriadis A, Trulsson M. Motor Performance and Skill Acquisition in Oral Motor Training With Exergames: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:730072. [PMID: 35309890 PMCID: PMC8924593 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.730072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of oral-motor training with exergames on motor performance and motor skill acquisition in two different age groups. Methods Thirty-two healthy participants were recruited in the current pilot study and divided equally into two groups (Gen Z and Baby Boomers) according to their age. A pair of electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were placed on the participants’ masseter muscles. The EMG device communicated via Bluetooth with a mobile video game in response to the electromyographic activity of the masseter muscles during clenching. During the experimental session, participants were asked to play a video game in five blocks of 5 min each, with a 3-min break between each time block. The goal of the game was to collect as many coins (game points) as possible and to dodge/avoid upcoming obstacles (game life). Motor performance was assessed by performance scores and the number of game lives. Skill acquisition was measured by task efficiency (ratio of performance scores and number of game lives) across time blocks. Results The results of the study showed significantly lower performance scores (p < 0.001), a higher number of game lives (p < 0.001), and lower task efficiency in the Baby Boomer group compared to the Gen Z group. Specifically, the results showed that there was a significant difference in task efficiency between the first and second, third and fourth, fourth- and fifth-time blocks in the Gen Z group (p < 0.002). However, there was only a significant difference between first- and second-time blocks in the Baby Boomer group (p = 1.012), suggesting that skill acquisition in the Baby Boomer group did not change significantly over the course of the time blocks. Conclusion The study showed higher motor performance and superior motor skill acquisition with novel exergame training in the Gen Z group compared to the Baby Boomer group. The results of the study indicate that there is an improvement in oral motor skills with short-term training, yet the differences in oral motor skills between the two groups are still evident. The Baby Boomer group, unlike the Gen Z group, did not show robust improvement in task efficiency over the course of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Abhishek Kumar,
| | - Linda Munirji
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sam Nayif
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nabeel Almotairy
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joannis Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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4
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Liu W, Cui C, Hu Z, Li J, Wang J. Changes of neuroplasticity in cortical motor control of human masseter muscle related to orthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:258-264. [PMID: 34921434 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is a common clinical method of malocclusion. Studies have found that neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain undergo adaptive remodeling in response to changes in oral behavior or occlusion. OBJECTIVE To explore whether orthodontic treatment could be sufficient to cause neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle. METHODS Fifteen Angle Class II malocclusion patients who were receiving orthodontic treatment participated in the study. Cortical excitability was assessed by electromyographic activity changes evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Four orthodontic time points were recorded, including baseline, day 1, day 7, and day 30. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded in the masseter muscle and the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) serving as a control. The data were analysed by stimulus-response curves and corticomotor mapping. Statistical analyses involved repeated measures analysis of variance, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the masseter muscle were significantly decreased during orthodontic treatment compared with those of the baseline (p < .001). MEPs of the masseter muscle were dependent on session and stimulus intensity (p < .001), whereas MEPs of FDI were only dependent on stimulus intensity (p = .091). Finally, Tukey's post hoc tests demonstrated that MEPs of the masseter muscle on days 1 and 7, with 70%-90% stimulus intensities, were higher than those of baseline values (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that orthodontic treatment can lead to neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscle, which may add to our understanding of the adaptive response of subjects to changes of oral environment during the orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglin Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Stipancic KL, Kuo YL, Miller A, Ventresca HM, Sternad D, Kimberley TJ, Green JR. The effects of continuous oromotor activity on speech motor learning: speech biomechanics and neurophysiologic correlates. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3487-3505. [PMID: 34524491 PMCID: PMC8599312 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sustained limb motor activity has been used as a therapeutic tool for improving rehabilitation outcomes and is thought to be mediated by neuroplastic changes associated with activity-induced cortical excitability. Although prior research has reported enhancing effects of continuous chewing and swallowing activity on learning, the potential beneficial effects of sustained oromotor activity on speech improvements is not well-documented. This exploratory study was designed to examine the effects of continuous oromotor activity on subsequent speech learning. Twenty neurologically healthy young adults engaged in periods of continuous chewing and speech after which they completed a novel speech motor learning task. The motor learning task was designed to elicit improvements in accuracy and efficiency of speech performance across repetitions of eight-syllable nonwords. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure the cortical silent period (cSP) of the lip motor cortex before and after the periods of continuous oromotor behaviors. All repetitions of the nonword task were recorded acoustically and kinematically using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Productions were analyzed for accuracy and duration, as well as lip movement distance and speed. A control condition estimated baseline improvement rates in speech performance. Results revealed improved speech performance following 10 min of chewing. In contrast, speech performance following 10 min of continuous speech was degraded. There was no change in the cSP as a result of either oromotor activity. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of speech rehabilitation and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila L Stipancic
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Kuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Miller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayden M Ventresca
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dagmar Sternad
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa J Kimberley
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jordan R Green
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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6
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Cheng I, Sasegbon A, Hamdy S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of intraoral treatments for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:92-102. [PMID: 34800341 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehabilitative treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia, including oromotor exercises and sensory stimulation, have been widely adopted into clinical practice. However, the effects of these treatments are mainly supported by exploratory studies. As such, their clinical efficacy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoral treatments for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Six electronic databases were systematically searched between January 1970 and July 2021. Data were extracted and analysed by two independent reviewers. The outcome measure was changes in (any) relevant clinical swallowing-related characteristics. RESULTS Data from 285 dysphagic patients were collected from 8 RCT studies across a range of intraoral dysphagia treatments. The pooled effect size of all intraoral dysphagia treatments was non-significant compared to control comparators (SMD [95%CI] = 0.23 [-0.22, 0.69], p = .31; I2 = 73%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled effect sizes were also non-significant for oromotor exercises (device-facilitated lip resistance exercises and tongue exercises) (SMD [95%CI] = 0.11 [-0.76, 0.97]; p = .81; I2 = 88%) and sensory stimulation (thermal-tactile, thermo-chemical and electrical stimulation) (SMD [95%CI] = 0.35 [-0.03, 0.72]; p = .07; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that overall, intraoral dysphagia treatments, including oromotor exercises and sensory stimulation, do not show beneficial effects for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evidence for these treatments remains weak and currently inadequate to support clinical use. Large-scale, multi-centre RCTs are warranted to fully explore their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Cheng
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ayodele Sasegbon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaheen Hamdy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Izumi M, Akifusa S. Tongue cleaning in the elderly and its role in the respiratory and swallowing functions: Benefits and medical perspectives. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:1395-1403. [PMID: 34612518 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral dysfunction, including oral uncleanness and decline in tongue motor function, tongue pressure and swallowing function, precedes frailty. The tongue's dorsum is a reservoir of oral microbiota, desquamated epithelial mucosa and leukocytes due to the multi-papillate anatomy, and leads to tongue coating. The tongue coating is frequently found in older adults because of hyposalivation, immunity's hypoactivity, diminished motor function and compromised tongue's pressure with age. Anaerobe-driven volatile sulphur compounds in tongue coating are a major cause of intra-oral malodor. Dysbiosis of the tongue-coating microbiome rather than the amount of microorganisms is associated with a risk of aspiration pneumonia. Daily tongue cleaning with a brush or scraper is an easy way to control tongue coating deposits and quality. Using mouth wash or rinse-containing germicides is also a way to control the microbiota of tongue coating. The tongue function is closely related to swallowing. Tongue and suprahyoid muscles are linked with respiratory muscles through the endothoracic fascia. The mechanical stimulation during the cleaning of the tongue may stimulate the respiratory muscles. An intervention trial revealed that tongue cleaning by mucosal brush improves tongue pressure, swallowing and respiratory function in old residents of nursing homes, suggesting a rehabilitative effect of tongue cleaning on the swallowing and respiratory functions, preventing aspiration pneumonia. This narrative review assesses the tongue-cleaning benefits for respiratory and swallowing functions and the possibility of preventing aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Izumi
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sumio Akifusa
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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8
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Schimmel M, Aarab G, Baad-Hansen L, Lobbezoo F, Svensson P. A conceptual model of oro-facial health with an emphasis on function. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:1283-1294. [PMID: 34462948 PMCID: PMC9292770 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial and environmental nature. We aim to describe a conceptual oro‐facial health model with an emphasis on oro‐facial function, taking the domains of quality of life and patient‐centred values into account. In the context of oro‐facial function, the requirements of life are met when the oro‐facial system is in a fit state. ‘Fitness of the oro‐facial system, that is oro‐facial health, is a state that is characterised by an absence of, or positive coping with physical disease, mental disease, pain and negative environmental and social factors. It will allow natural oro‐facial functions such as sensing, tasting, touching, biting, chewing, swallowing, speaking, yawning, kissing and facial expression’. In the presented conceptual model of oro‐facial health, it is postulated that each individual has present and future potentials related to biological prerequisites and resources that are developed by an individual through the course of life. These potentials form the oro‐facial functional capacity. When the individual potentials together do not meet the requirements of life anymore, dysfunction and disease result. The oro‐facial system is subject to physiological ageing processes, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the oro‐facial functional capacity. Furthermore, comorbid medical conditions might hamper oro‐facial function and, alongside with the ageing process, may lead to a state of oral hypofunction. Currently, there is a lack of widespread, validated, easy‐to‐use instruments that help to distinguish between states of oro‐facial fitness as opposed to oral hypofunction. Clearly, research is needed to establish adequate, validated instruments alongside with functional rehabilitation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Svensson
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmø University, Sweden
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9
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Inamochi Y, Fueki K, Usui N, Taira M, Wakabayashi N. Adaptive brain activity changes during tongue movement with palatal coverage from fMRI data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13907. [PMID: 34230552 PMCID: PMC8260614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful adaptation to wearing dentures with palatal coverage may be associated with cortical activity changes related to tongue motor control. The purpose was to investigate the brain activity changes during tongue movement in response to a new oral environment. Twenty-eight fully dentate subjects (mean age: 28.6-years-old) who had no experience with removable dentures wore experimental palatal plates for 7 days. We measured tongue motor dexterity, difficulty with tongue movement, and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during tongue movement at pre-insertion (Day 0), as well as immediately (Day 1), 3 days (Day 3), and 7 days (Day 7) post-insertion. Difficulty with tongue movement was significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 0, 3, and 7. In the subtraction analysis of brain activity across each day, activations in the angular gyrus and right precuneus on Day 1 were significantly higher than on Day 7. Tongue motor impairment induced activation of the angular gyrus, which was associated with monitoring of the tongue's spatial information, as well as the activation of the precuneus, which was associated with constructing the tongue motor imagery. As the tongue regained the smoothness in its motor functions, the activation of the angular gyrus and precuneus decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Inamochi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kenji Fueki
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Usui
- Biointerfaces Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S3-12 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Taira
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, The Center for Brain Integration Research, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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10
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Glöggler JC, Hellmann D, Von Manstein M, Jäger R, Repky S, Beyersmann J, Lapatki BG. Motor learning might contribute to a therapeutic anterior shift of the habitual mandibular position-An exploratory study. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:891-900. [PMID: 33983634 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive mandibular advancement with functional appliances is commonly used to treat juvenile patients with mandibular retrognathism. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether active repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position would result in a shift of the habitual mandibular position (HMP). METHODS Twenty adult healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group receiving six supervised functional training sessions of 10 min each and a control group without training. Bonded lateral biteplates disengaged occlusion among both groups throughout the 15-day experiment. Customised registration-training appliances consisted of a maxillary component with an anterior plane and a mandibular component with an attached metal sphere. Training sessions consisted of repeated mouth-opening/closing cycles (frequency: 30/min) to hit an anteriorly positioned hemispherical target notch with this metal sphere. The HMP was registered at defined times during the experiment. RESULTS The HMP in the training group showed a statistically significant anterior shift of 1.6 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.2 mm), compared with a significant posterior shift of -0.8 mm (IQR: 2.8 mm) in the control group (p < .05). Although the anterior shift among the training group showed a partial relapse 4 days after the first training block, it then advanced slightly in the 4-day interval after the second training block, which might indicate neuroplasticity of the masticatory motor system. CONCLUSIONS Motor learning by repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position might help to improve the results of functional appliance therapy among patients with mandibular retrognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hellmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolph Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Repky
- Institute of Statistics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Matsuzaki S, Shimada A, Tanaka J, Kothari M, Castrillon E, Iida T, Svensson P. Effect of mandibular advancement device on plasticity in corticomotor control of tongue and jaw muscles. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1805-1813. [PMID: 33904391 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate if the use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) is associated with neuroplasticity in corticomotor control of tongue and jaw muscles. METHODS Eighteen healthy individuals participated in a randomized crossover study with 3 conditions for 2 weeks each: baseline, wearing an oral appliance (OA: sham MAD) or MAD during sleep. The custom-made MAD was constructed by positioning the mandible to 50% of its maximal protrusion limit. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The MEPs were assessed by constructing stimulus-response curves at four stimulus intensities: 90%, 100%, 120%, and 160% of the motor threshold (MT) from the right tongue and right masseter, and the first dorsal interosseous muscles (FDI, control) at baseline, after the first and the second intervention. RESULTS There was a significant effect of condition and stimulus intensity both on the tongue and as well as on masseter MEPs (P < 0.01). Tongue and masseter MEPs were significantly higher at 120% and 160% following the MAD compared to the OA (P < 0.05). There were no effects of condition on FDI MEPs (P = 0.855). CONCLUSIONS The finding suggests that MAD induces neuroplasticity in the corticomotor pathway of the tongue and jaw muscles associated with the new jaw position. Further investigations are required in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to see if this cortical neuroplasticity may contribute or perhaps predict treatment effects with MADs in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON).,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Akiko Shimada
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinic Medicine, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Eduardo Castrillon
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON)
| | - Takashi Iida
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON).,Faculty of Odontology, Malmø University, Sweden
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12
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Hellmann D, Glöggler JC, Plaschke K, Jäger R, Eiglsperger U, Schindler HJ, Lapatki BG. Effects of preventing intercuspation on the precision of jaw movements. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:392-402. [PMID: 33368502 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closing movements are among the jaw's basic physiological motor actions. During functional movements, the jaw changes position continually, which requires appropriate proprioception. However, the significance of the various proprioceptive receptors involved and how they interact is not yet fully clear. OBJECTIVES This study's main objective was to test whether preventing intercuspation (IC) for 1 week would affect the precision of jaw-closing movements into IC and the functional space of habitual chewing movements (HCM). A secondary objective was to compare precision of jaw-closing movements into IC with the precision of movements into a target position (TP) far from IC. METHODS Fourteen participants' HCM and jaw-closing movements into IC were recorded on two sessions (T1 and T2) 1 week apart. Between sessions, participants wore posterior bite plates to prevent IC. They also received a 10-minute training session at T1 to guide their jaw-closing movements into TP. The precision of the closing movements into IC and TP was analysed. For HCM, the vertical amplitude, lateral width and area of chewing cycles were evaluated. RESULTS The precision of jaw movements into IC increased as the jaw gap decreased, but precision did not differ significantly between T1 and T2. For HCM, the vertical amplitude and area of chewing cycles increased significantly between T1 and T2. The precision of the closing trajectory into TP increased significantly during the training session. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the excellent adaptability of the craniomandibular system, controlled by stringent motor programmes that are supported by continuous peripheral sensory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hellmann
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Prosthodontics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rudolf Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Hans J Schindler
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Biomechanics Research Group, Institute for Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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13
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Furlan RMMM, Santana GA, Motta AR, Casas EBDL. An instrument for tongue performance assessment in activities associated with digital games: content and construct validity. REVISTA CEFAC 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20212359621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the content and construct validity of an instrument for tongue performance assessment in activities associated with digital games. Methods: to analyze content validity, ten speech-language pathologists answered a questionnaire in which each item of the instrument and the set of items were judged as to its representativeness. The content validity index and the modified Kappa statistics were calculated. To analyze construct validity, 20 participants, with age between 8 and 13 years, (10 children with weak tongues and 10 children with normal tongue strength) performed a game activity with the T-Station, involving 12 targets with 2 N of strength and 5 s of time for sustained contraction for each target. The performance was compared, for each item of the instrument, between groups. Results: most of the items obtained satisfactory score according to the speech-language pathologist’s evaluation. Children with reduced tongue force had a poorer performance than those with normal tongue force, with a statistically significant difference in three items of the instrument. Conclusion: the instrument proved to be valid as a method for evaluating performance in activities associated with the T-Station.
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14
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Plasticity in corticomotor pathways linked to a jaw protrusion training task: Potential implications for management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Amaral MS, Furlan RMMM, de Las Casas EB, Motta AR. The influence of tongue mobility on children's performance in computer games that depend on lingual movements. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:1233-1241. [PMID: 33464606 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration in tongue mobility requires rehabilitation work through oral motor exercises. These exercises can be integrated with computer games to increase the patient's motivation during treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of tongue mobility on children's motor performance in a computer game reliant on lingual movements. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out with 16 children with altered tongue mobility and 16 children with normal tongue mobility. The subjects were between 8 and 12 years of age. They underwent a clinical evaluation of the tongue and performed an activity using an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play a simple computer game. The game consisted of targets appearing on the screen that the participants had to reach by moving the joystick control rod. Afterward, the participants answered a feedback questionnaire. Motor performance in the game, measured by the number of reached targets and by the time to reach the targets, was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement and order of appearance of the targets. RESULTS The group with altered tongue mobility presented a higher time to reach the target in the downward direction and in the first and last 12 targets and a lower number of targets reached in the left direction, upward direction, and in the first 12 targets than the control group. The direction of the movement influenced tongue performance in both groups. CONCLUSION Children with altered tongue mobility exhibited a worse performance than those with normal tongue mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Amaral
- Graduate Program in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata M M M Furlan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Estevam B de Las Casas
- Department of Structural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Motta
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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16
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Furlan RMMM, Santana GA, Amaral MS, Motta AR, de Las Casas EB. The influence of tongue strength on children's performance in computer games reliant on lingual force generation. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:872-879. [PMID: 32080882 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral motor exercises, for recovering tongue strength, can be integrated with computer games to increase motivation, especially for treatments in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tongue strength on motor performance in computer games reliant on lingual force generation. An observational study was carried out at a speech-language pathology outpatient university clinic. Twenty participants (10 with normal tongue strength and 10 with reduced tongue strength) aged 8-13 years used an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play six computer games during which they had to reach targets that appeared on the screen. Motor performance was measured by the number of attempts to score and the time during which the target force was maintained. Tongue motor performance was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement, resistance force levels, order of target appearance, continuous force application time on the target, age and sex. Children with normal tongue strength had a lower number of attempts to score (P = .014) and maintained the target force for longer periods (P = .002) than those with reduced tongue strength. The performance was better for both groups (a) in the downward direction compared with the performance in other directions, (b) in games with the lowest resistive force level (0.5 N) compared to those with other levels of resistive force and (c) in the second and third rounds compared with the first round. There were no gender-related differences in performance. Older participants performed better than younger participants. Tongue strength, direction of movement, force to reach the target, time of continuous force application, order of target appearance and age influenced tongue motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme André Santana
- Graduate Program in Structural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Amaral
- Graduate Program in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Rodrigues Motta
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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17
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Hwang N, Kim M, Lee G, Yoon T, Park J, Jung Y. Effect of tongue‐strengthening training combined with a tablet personal computer game in healthy adults. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:606-612. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na‐Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Occupational Therapy Seoul North Municipal Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Min‐Ji Kim
- Division of Health Sciences Department of Dental HygieneDongSeo University Busan Korea
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation Heart Vascular Stroke Institute Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Taehyung Yoon
- Division of Health Sciences Department of Occupational Therapy Dongseo University Seoul Korea
| | - Ji‐Su Park
- Advanced Human Resource Development Project Group for Health Care in Aging Friendly Industry Dongseo University Busan Korea
| | - YoungJin Jung
- Advanced Human Resource Development Project Group for Health Care in Aging Friendly Industry Dongseo University Busan Korea
- Division of Health Sciences Department of Radiological Science DongSeo University Busan Korea
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18
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Pitts LL, Rogers L, Wang X, Bahia MM, Cherney LR. Functionally navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to evoke lingual pressure in stroke survivors with dysphagia and healthy adults: a proof of concept trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 27:241-250. [PMID: 31838961 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1701175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Post-stroke dysphagia is characterized by reduced corticolingual excitability and lingual pressure; however, it remains unknown if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly facilitates lingual pressure generation.Objectives: To explore optimal procedures for single pulse TMS using neuronavigation to evoke lingual pressure in intact and disrupted neural networks.Methods: Using co-registered functional magnetic resonance imaging, stimulation sites were determined for five healthy adults (Mage = 67) and four stroke survivors with dysphagia and reduced tongue strength (Mage = 66). Evoked lingual pressures were sampled across 45-65% of maximum stimulator output. Healthy participants repeated TMS with a bite block to isolate lingual pressure from off-target stimulation of mandibular elevators.Results: Only one functionally-guided stimulation site fell within previously reported optimal lateral (8-11cm) and anterior (2-4.25cm) coordinates. Lingual pressure was stable prior to pulse and increased linearly with intensity for both groups (p = .005). Post-stroke active motor thresholds were elevated compared to healthy adults (p = .025). Lingual pressure latency remained stable across intensities (p > .05). Jaw stabilization via bite block reduced the mean magnitude of evoked lingual pressure by approximately 16%.Conclusions: Single pulse TMS directly evokes higher lingual pressure and can define motor thresholds in intact and disordered corticolingual pathways. Stimulation sites using neuronavigation in healthy adults and stroke survivors largely differed from external coordinates in the literature that were predominantly established in young adults. Procedures to investigate motor thresholds for lingual pressure generation are proposed. The therapeutic role of TMS to address post-stroke deficits in lingual pressure and corticolingual excitability warrants continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Pitts
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Think and Speak Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Rogers
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Think and Speak Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariana M Bahia
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
| | - Leora R Cherney
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Think and Speak Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Combination of jaw and tongue movement training influences neuroplasticity of corticomotor pathways in humans. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2559-2571. [PMID: 31346648 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since humans in daily life perform multiple motor behaviors that often involve the simultaneous activation of both jaw and tongue muscles, it is essential to understand the effects of combined orofacial sensorimotor tasks on plasticity in corticomotor pathways. Moreover, to establish novel rehabilitation programs for patients, it is important to clarify the possible interrelationships in corticomotor excitability between jaw and tongue motor control. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a combination of a repetitive tooth bite task (TBT) and a repetitive tongue lift task (TLT) on corticomotor excitability of the tongue and jaw muscles as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Sixteen healthy individuals participated in three kinds of training tasks consisting of 41-min TBT, 41-min TLT, and 82-min TBT + TLT. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the tongue muscle, masseter muscle, and first dorsal interosseous muscle were measured before and after the training tasks. The amplitude of tongue MEPs after training with TLT and TLT + TBT, and masseter MEPs after training with TBT and TLT + TBT, were significantly higher than before training (P < 0.05). Tongue MEPs and masseter MEPs were significantly higher after TLT + TBT than after TBT or TLT (P < 0.05). The present results suggest that a task combining both jaw and tongue movement training is associated with a greater degree of neuroplasticity in the corticomotor control of jaw and tongue muscles than either task alone.
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20
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Furlan RMMM, Santana GA, Bischof WF, Motta AR, Las Casas EB. A new method for tongue rehabilitation with computer games: Pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:518-525. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme André Santana
- Graduate Program in Structural Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Walter F. Bischof
- Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Andréa Rodrigues Motta
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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21
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Ikuta M, Iida T, Kothari M, Shimada A, Komiyama O, Svensson P. Impact of sleep bruxism on training-induced cortical plasticity. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 63:277-282. [PMID: 30704929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if sleep bruxism (SB) influences training-induced cortical plasticity and performance in terms of accuracy and precision of a tooth-clenching task (TCT). METHODS Thirty-eight participants were allocated into SB group (N=19) and control group (N=19) according to presence of SB based on a 2-week screening. The participants were instructed to perform a standardized TCT for 58min at three different force levels (10%, 20% and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction; MVC) in three series (first and third without visual-feedback and second with visual-feedback). Accuracy and precision of the TCT were calculated from actual bite force values. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the masseter and first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) before the TCT (pre-TCT-session) and 5-min after the TCT (post-TCT-session). RESULTS Accuracy was significantly dependent on the series and target force level (P<0.001), however, there was a significant decrease only in the control group at 10% MVC from first to third session (P<0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed for the precision of the TCT. Masseter MEPs in the SB group in the pre-TCT-session at 120% and 160% motor threshold were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Masseter MEPs of the control group in the post-TCT-session were significantly higher than the pre-TCT-session (P<0.05) but not SB. FDI MEPs were only dependent on stimulus intensity (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SB is associated with significant changes not only in excitability of corticomotor control but also motor learning of jaw movements and force control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ikuta
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan; Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takashi Iida
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Hammel, Denmark; Department of Clinic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Akiko Shimada
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus, Denmark; Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Komiyama
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus, Denmark; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Fougeront N, Fleiter B. Temporomandibular disorder and comorbid neck pain: facts and hypotheses regarding pain-induced and rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1051-1059. [PMID: 30067068 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the "pain adaptation model", temporomandibular disorder (TMD)-related pain induces a paradoxical activity of masticatory muscles: an agonistic hypoactivity during jaw closing and an antagonistic activity during jaw opening (agonist/antagonist co-activation). However, this model suffers several weaknesses; notably, it does not explain all types of neck muscle activities in neck pain (NP), which is a very prevalent TMD comorbid condition. In NP, neck muscle antagonistic activity is increased, and agonistic activity is decreased as postulated by the pain adaptation model. However, synergistic and compensatory activity may occur and agonistic activity may be unchanged or even increased as postulated within the "vicious cycle theory". Thus, both theories would apply partly as outlined currently in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Besides pain, psychological stress may also induce motor dysfunction in TMD and NP. In NP, rehabilitation may increase agonistic activity and decrease compensatory activity and antagonistic activity, thus inducing a switch from agonist/antagonist co-activation towards reciprocal inhibition. Thus, rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes constitute a new research field that should improve MSD therapeutics. Additionally, immature tongue function (so-called infantile swallow) might be connected to TMD where low agonistic activity of masticatory muscles would be compensated by facial muscle hyperactivity during oropharyngeal phase of deglutition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fougeront
- a Consultation de troubles fonctionnels oro-faciaux, service de médecine bucco-dentaire/odontologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Fleiter
- a Consultation de troubles fonctionnels oro-faciaux, service de médecine bucco-dentaire/odontologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France.,b Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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23
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Deng H, Gao S, Lu S, Kumar A, Zhang Z, Svensson P. Alteration of occlusal vertical dimension induces signs of neuroplastic changes in corticomotor control of masseter muscles: Preliminary findings. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:710-719. [PMID: 29920731 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of altering occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in patients with severe attrition on corticomotor control of the masseter muscles as assessed by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). METHODS Seven patients (58.6 ± 8.4 years) with decreased OVD due to severe attrition were given mandibular occlusal splints to alter the OVD with the instruction to wear during the whole awake time for a period of four weeks. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and the motor cortex maps of the masseter muscles and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles as control were recorded by nTMS at baseline and at least 4 weeks after the alteration of OVD. The stimulus-response curves of MEPs were analysed with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and the numerical rating scale scores, motor thresholds, onset latencies, motor cortex maps and centre of gravity (COG) were analysed with paired t tests. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the amplitude of the masseter muscle MEPs (P = 0.036), but no change in the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.111) four weeks after the alteration of OVD. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in either the amplitude of the FDI muscle MEPs (P = 0.466) or the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.230) before and after OVD alteration. CONCLUSION The results suggest that alteration of OVD in patients with severe attrition was associated with signs of neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscles. The results of the study may add to our understanding of the putative mechanisms related to cortical changes in response to OVD alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Deng
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyi Lu
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Svensson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Effect of short-term training on fine motor control in trigeminally innervated versus spinally innervated muscles. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:132-139. [PMID: 29426038 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Kumar A, Kothari M, Grigoriadis A, Trulsson M, Svensson P. Bite or brain: Implication of sensorimotor regulation and neuroplasticity in oral rehabilitation procedures. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:323-333. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - A. Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - P. Svensson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Institute for Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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26
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Kothari M, Stubbs PW, Pedersen AR, Jensen J, Nielsen JF. Reliability of surface electromyography measurements from the suprahyoid muscle complex. J Oral Rehabil 2017. [PMID: 28644567 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of swallowing musculature using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) can be used to evaluate neural pathways. However, recording of the swallowing musculature is often invasive, uncomfortable and unrealistic in normal clinical practice. To investigate the possibility of using the suprahyoid muscle complex (SMC) using surface electromyography (sEMG) to assess changes to neural pathways by determining the reliability of measurements in healthy participants over days. Seventeen healthy participants were recruited. Measurements were performed twice with one week between sessions. Single-pulse (at 120% and 140% of the resting motor threshold (rMT)) and paired-pulse (2 ms and 15 ms paired pulse) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to elicit MEPs in the SMC which were recorded using sEMG. ≈50% of participants (range: 42-58%; depending on stimulus type/intensity) had significantly different MEP values between day 1 and day 2 for single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS. A large stimulus artefact resulted in MEP responses that could not be assessed in four participants. The assessment of the SMC using sEMG following TMS was poorly reliable for ≈50% of participants. Although using sEMG to assess swallowing musculature function is easier to perform clinically and more comfortable to patients than invasive measures, as the measurement of muscle activity using TMS is unreliable, the use of sEMG for this muscle group is not recommended and requires further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - P W Stubbs
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - A R Pedersen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - J Jensen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - J F Nielsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
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Kothari M, Stubbs PW, Figlewski K, Pedersen AR, Jensen J, Baad-Hansen L, Svensson P, Nielsen JF. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on neuroplasticity in corticomotor pathways of the tongue muscles. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:691-701. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - P. W. Stubbs
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - K. Figlewski
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - A. R. Pedersen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - J. Jensen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - L. Baad-Hansen
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Hammel
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Hammel
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - J. F. Nielsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
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Kothari M, Liu X, Baad-Hansen L, Kumar A, Bin G, Svensson P. Influence of visual observational conditions on tongue motor learning. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:534-539. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Stomatology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Institute of Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Aarhus Denmark
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Aarhus Denmark
- Section of Oral Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Guo Bin
- Department of Stomatology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Institute of Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Aarhus Denmark
- Section of Oral Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
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29
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Kothari M, Baad-Hansen L, Svensson P. Bilateral sensory deprivation of trigeminal afferent fibres on corticomotor control of human tongue musculature: a preliminary study. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:656-61. [PMID: 27265155 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in human limb muscles following modulation of sensory afferent inputs. The aim of this study was to determine whether bilateral local anaesthesia (LA) of the lingual nerve affects the excitability of the tongue motor cortex (MI) as measured by TMS. The effect on MEPs after bilateral LA of the lingual nerve was studied, while the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle served as a control in ten healthy participants. MEPs were measured on the right side of the tongue dorsum in four different conditions: (i) immediately prior to anaesthesia (baseline), (ii) during bilateral LA block of the lingual nerve, (iii) after anaesthesia had subjectively subsided (recovery) and (iv) 3 h after bilateral lingual block injection. MEPs were assessed using stimulus-response curves in steps of 10% of motor threshold (T). Eight stimuli were given at each stimulus level. The amplitudes of the tongue MEPs were significantly influenced by the stimulus intensity (P < 0·001) but not by condition (P = 0·186). However, post hoc tests showed that MEPS were statistically significantly higher during bilateral LA block condition compared with baseline at T + 40%, T + 50% and T + 60% (P < 0·028) and also compared with recovery at T + 60% (P = 0·010) as well as at 3 h after injection at T + 50% and T + 60% (P < 0·029). Bilateral LA block of the lingual nerve seems to be associated with a facilitation of the corticomotor pathways related to the tongue musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - L Baad-Hansen
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhang H, Kumar A, Kothari M, Luo X, Trulsson M, Svensson KG, Svensson P. Can short-term oral fine motor training affect precision of task performance and induce cortical plasticity of the jaw muscles? Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1935-1943. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Komoda Y, Iida T, Kothari M, Komiyama O, Baad-Hansen L, Kawara M, Sessle B, Svensson P. Repeated tongue lift movement induces neuroplasticity in corticomotor control of tongue and jaw muscles in humans. Brain Res 2015; 1627:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kumar A, Grigoriadis J, Trulsson M, Svensson P, Svensson KG. Effects of short-term training on behavioral learning and skill acquisition during intraoral fine motor task. Neuroscience 2015; 306:10-7. [PMID: 26162238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information from the orofacial mechanoreceptors are used by the nervous system to optimize the positioning of food, determine the force levels, and force vectors involved in biting of food morsels. Moreover, practice resulting from repetition could be a key to learning and acquiring a motor skill. Hence, the aim of the experiment was to test the hypothesis that repeated splitting of a food morsel during a short-term training with an oral fine motor task would result in increased performance and optimization of jaw movements, in terms of reduction in duration of various phases of the jaw movements. Thirty healthy volunteers were asked to intraorally manipulate and split a chocolate candy, into two equal halves. The participants performed three series (with 10 trials) of the task before and after a short-term (approximately 30 min) training. The accuracy of the split and vertical jaw movement during the task were recorded. The precision of task performance improved significantly after training (22% mean deviation from ideal split after vs. 31% before; P<0.001). There was a significant decrease in the total duration of jaw movements during the task after the training (1.21 s total duration after vs. 1.56 s before; P<0.001). Further, when the jaw movements were divided into different phases, the jaw opening phase and contact phase were significantly shorter after training than before training (P=0.001, P=0.002). The results indicate that short-term training of an oral fine motor task induces behavior learning, skill acquisition and optimization of jaw movements in terms of better performance and reduction in the duration of jaw movements, during the task. The finding of the present study provides insights into how humans learn oral motor behaviors or the kind of adaptation that takes place after a successful prosthetic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Sweden.
| | - J Grigoriadis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Sweden
| | - M Trulsson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Sweden
| | - P Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Sweden
| | - K G Svensson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Sweden
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Kumar A, Svensson KG, Baad-Hansen L, Trulsson M, Isidor F, Svensson P. Optimization of jaw muscle activity and fine motor control during repeated biting tasks. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1342-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tongue-Controlled Computer Game: A New Approach for Rehabilitation of Tongue Motor Function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95:524-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Influence of position and stimulation parameters on intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human tongue motor cortex. Brain Res 2014; 1557:83-9. [PMID: 24534367 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) can be used to assess short-interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI) and facilitatory (ICF) networks. Many methodological parameters may however influence the outcome. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of body positions (recline and supine), inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) between the test stimulus (TS) and conditioning stimulus (CS) and intensities of the TS and CS on the degree of SICI and ICF. In studies 1 and 2, fourteen and seventeen healthy volunteers participated respectively. ppTMS was applied over the "hot-spot" of the tongue motor cortex and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from contralateral tongue muscles. In study 1, single pulse and three ppTMS ISIs, 2, 10, and 15ms, were applied 8 times each in three blocks (TS: 120%, 140% and 160% of resting motor threshold (rMT); CS: 80% of rMT) in two different body positions (recline and supine) randomly. In study 2, single pulse and four ppTMS ISIs, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5ms, were applied 8 times each in randomized order in two blocks (CS: 70% and 80% of rMT; TS: 120% of rMT). There was a significant effect of body position (P=0.049), TS intensities (P<0.001) and ISIs (P<0.001) and interaction between intensity and ISIs (P=0.042) in study 1. In study 2, there was a significant effect of ISI (P<0.001) but not CS intensity (P=0.984) on MEP amplitude. These results may be applied in future studies on the mechanisms of cortical plasticity in the tongue motor pathways using ppTMS and SICI and ICF.
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Neurostimulation as an Approach to Dysphagia Rehabilitation: Current Evidence. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-013-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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