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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Magenes VC, Baldassarre P, Grazi R, Loiodice M, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368283. [PMID: 38523835 PMCID: PMC10957686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent major health problems due to their high prevalence and morbidity rates. Numerous evidences elucidated the connections between dietary habits and the incidence or severity of depression. This overview aims to investigate the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression with the objective of elaborating preventive strategies for childhood obesity. Literature data recognized that there is a link between mood and food choices, with certain foods selected for their impact on the brain's reward centers. This behavior parallels the one observed in substance addiction, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for food addiction that contributes to overeating and obesity. It is important to note the significant correlation between obesity and depression, indicating a shared biological pathway influencing these conditions. Stress substantially affects also eating behaviors, often leading to increased consumption of pleasurable and rewarding foods. This can trigger a cycle of overeating, weight gain, and psychological distress, exacerbating mood disorders and obesity. In addition, consumption of certain types of foods, especially "comfort foods" high in fat and calories, may provide temporary relief from symptoms of depression, but can lead to long-term obesity and further mental health problems. Understanding these complex interactions is critical to developing preventive strategies focusing on dietary, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Loiodice
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Clark TD, Crean AJ, Senior AM. Obesogenic diets induce anxiety in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13399. [PMID: 34811885 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders have been linked in a positive feedback loop. However, due to the bidirectional relationship between obesity and mental health, it is not clear whether anxiety is correlated with or caused by consumption of obesogenic diets. Here, we present a meta-analysis on the effects of dietary manipulation on rodent behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field test, the most common tests of anxiety-like behavior in animal models. The main dataset examined effects of obesogenic diets on time spent in the open and movement around the mazes. Auxiliary datasets examined effects of caloric restriction and protein restriction. Obesogenic diets had a negative effect on the time spent in the open overall. Effects were stronger in males than females. No effect of diet on locomotion was found, indicating that increases in anxiety-like behavior are not due to altered activity levels. No consistent effect of caloric restriction was observed, whereas protein restriction was associated with an increase in the time spent in the open. We show that obesogenic diets have a causative effect on anxiety-like behaviors in rodents, and not via a change in activity. Further studies are required to determine why obesogenic diets induce these behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela J Crean
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Li D, Cai Z, Wu J, Zhang Y. Bax inhibitor-1 overexpression in prelimbic cortex protects rats against depression-like behavior induced by olfactory bulbectomy and reduces apoptotic and inflammatory signals. Neurol Res 2019; 41:369-377. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1565649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Li
- City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wu
- City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim JY, Kim D, Park K, Lee JH, Jahng JW. Highly palatable food access during adolescence increased anxiety-/depression-like behaviors in male, but not in female, rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:502-510. [PMID: 28399791 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1313583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine the sexual dimorphic effects of highly palatable food (HPF) access during adolescence on the neurochemistry and depression-/anxiety-like behaviors of rats. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley pups had free access to chocolate cookie rich in fat (HPF) from postnatal day 28 in addition to ad libitum chow, and the control groups received only chow. The food conditions were continued throughout the entire experimental period, and the neurochemical and behavioral measurements were performed during young adulthood. Rats were subjected to the ambulatory activity, elevated plus maze, and forced swim tests. Corticosterone levels during 2 h of restraint stress were analyzed with radioimmunoassay, and ΔFosB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) with Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cookie access did not affect body weight gain and total caloric intake in both sexes; however, it increased retroperitoneal fat depot only in males. The time spent in open arms during elevated plus maze test was decreased and immobility during forced swim test was increased in cookie-fed males, but not in cookie-fed females. Main effect of food condition on the stress-induced corticosterone increase was observed in males, but not in females, and cookie access increased BDNF expression in the NAc only in males. CONCLUSIONS Increased BDNF expression in the NAc and fat depot, in addition to the stress axis dysfunction, may play roles in the pathophysiology of depression- and/or anxiety-like behaviors induced by cookie access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul 110-768 , Korea
| | - Doyun Kim
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul 110-768 , Korea.,b Department of Brain Science , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology , Dae Gu 711-873 , Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- c Department of Physiology , Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul 110-768 , Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul 110-768 , Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul 110-768 , Korea
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Moon JH, Lee JH, Nazim UMD, Lee YJ, Seol JW, Eo SK, Lee JH, Park SY. Human prion protein-induced autophagy flux governs neuron cell damage in primary neuron cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:29989-30002. [PMID: 27102156 PMCID: PMC5058658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual molecular structure of the prion protein, PrPsc is found only in mammals with transmissible prion diseases. Prion protein stands for either the infectious pathogen itself or a main component of it. Recent studies suggest that autophagy is one of the major functions that keep cells alive and has a protective effect against the neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated that the effect of human prion protein on autophagy-lysosomal system of primary neuronal cells. The treatment of human prion protein induced primary neuron cell death and decreased both LC3-II and p62 protein amount indicating autophagy flux activation. Electron microscope pictures confirmed the autophagic flux activation in neuron cells treated with prion protein. Inhibition of autophagy flux using pharmacological and genetic tools prevented neuron cell death induced by human prion protein. Autophagy flux induced by prion protein is more activated in prpc expressing cells than in prpc silencing cells. These data demonstrated that prion protein-induced autophagy flux is involved in neuron cell death in prion disease and suggest that autophagy flux might play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases including prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Uddin MD Nazim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - John-hwa Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Choi YJ, Kim JY, Jin WP, Kim YT, Lee JH, Jahng JW. Anxiolytic efficacy of repeated oral capsaicin in rats with partial aberration of oral sensory relay to brain. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:989-97. [PMID: 25874812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine if taste over load with oral capsaicin improves the adverse behavioural effects induced by partial aberration of oral sensory relays to brain with bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. DESIGN Male Sprague-Dawley rats received daily 1 ml of 0.02% capsaicin or water drop by drop into the oral cavity following the bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. Rats were subjected to ambulatory activity, elevated plus maze and forced swim tests after 11th, 14th and 17th daily administration of capsaicin or water, respectively. The basal and stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels were examined after the end of behavioural tests. RESULTS Ambulatory counts, distance travelled, centre zone activities and rearing were increased, and rostral grooming decreased, during the activity test in capsaicin treated rats. Behavioural scores of capsaicin rats during elevated plus maze test did not differ from control rats. Immobility during the swim test was decreased in capsaicin rats with near significance (P = 0.0547). Repeated oral capsaicin increased both the basal level and stress-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone in rats with bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. DISCUSSION It is concluded that repeated oral administration of capsaicin reduces anxiety-like behaviours in rats that received bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves, and that the increased corticosterone response, possibly modulating the hippocampal neural plasticity, may be implicated in the anxiolytic efficacy of oral capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Peng Jin
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Tae Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Food is a potent natural reward and food intake is a complex process. Reward and gratification associated with food consumption leads to dopamine (DA) production, which in turn activates reward and pleasure centers in the brain. An individual will repeatedly eat a particular food to experience this positive feeling of gratification. This type of repetitive behavior of food intake leads to the activation of brain reward pathways that eventually overrides other signals of satiety and hunger. Thus, a gratification habit through a favorable food leads to overeating and morbid obesity. Overeating and obesity stems from many biological factors engaging both central and peripheral systems in a bi-directional manner involving mood and emotions. Emotional eating and altered mood can also lead to altered food choice and intake leading to overeating and obesity. Research findings from human and animal studies support a two-way link between three concepts, mood, food, and obesity. The focus of this article is to provide an overview of complex nature of food intake where various biological factors link mood, food intake, and brain signaling that engages both peripheral and central nervous system signaling pathways in a bi-directional manner in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minati Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, HHMI, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
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