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Robertson KV, Rodriguez AS, Cartailler JP, Shrestha S, Schleh MW, Schroeder KR, Valenti AM, Kramer AT, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Knockdown of microglial iron import gene, Slc11a2, worsens cognitive function and alters microglial transcriptional landscape in a sex-specific manner in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:238. [PMID: 39334471 PMCID: PMC11438269 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial cell iron load and inflammatory activation are significant hallmarks of late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and excess iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between iron import mechanisms and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood whether microglial iron import mechanisms directly contribute to inflammatory signaling and chronic disease in vivo. These studies determined the effects of microglial-specific knockdown of Slc11a2 on AD-related cognitive decline and microglial transcriptional phenotype. METHODS In vitro experiments and RT-qPCR were used to assess a role for DMT1 in amyloid-β-associated inflammation. To determine the effects of microglial Slc11a2 knockdown on AD-related phenotypes in vivo, triple-transgenic Cx3cr1Cre-ERT2;Slc11a2flfl;APP/PS1+or - mice were generated and administered corn oil or tamoxifen to induce knockdown at 5-6 months of age. Both sexes underwent behavioral analyses to assess cognition and memory (12-15 months of age). Hippocampal CD11b+ microglia were magnetically isolated from female mice (15-17 months) and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted. RESULTS DMT1 inhibition in vitro robustly decreased Aβ-induced inflammatory gene expression and cellular iron levels in conditions of excess iron. In vivo, Slc11a2KD APP/PS1 female, but not male, mice displayed a significant worsening of memory function in Morris water maze and a fear conditioning assay, along with significant hyperactivity compared to control WT and APP/PS1 mice. Hippocampal microglia from Slc11a2KD APP/PS1 females displayed significant increases in Enpp2, Ttr, and the iron-export gene, Slc40a1, compared to control APP/PS1 cells. Slc11a2KD cells from APP/PS1 females also exhibited decreased expression of markers associated with subsets of disease-associated microglia (DAMs), such as Apoe, Ctsb, Ly9, Csf1, and Hif1α. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests a sex-specific role for microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 in propagating behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in the APP/PS1 model of AD. These data also highlight an association between loss of a DAM-like phenotype in microglia and cognitive deficits in Slc11a2KD APP/PS1 female mice. Overall, this work illuminates an iron-related pathway in microglia that may serve a protective role during disease and offers insight into mechanisms behind disease-related sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Volk Robertson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alec S Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Shristi Shrestha
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle R Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arianna M Valenti
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alec T Kramer
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 Medical Research Building IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Chen J, Zou C, Guan H, Zhou X, Hou L, Cui Y, Xu J, Luan P, Zheng D. Caloric restriction leading to attenuation of experimental Alzheimer's disease results from alterations in gut microbiome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14823. [PMID: 38992870 PMCID: PMC11239325 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) might be effective for alleviating/preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the biological mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we explored whether CR caused an alteration of gut microbiome and resulted in the attenuation of cognitive impairment of AD animal model. METHODS Thirty-week-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as AD models (AD mouse). CR was achieved by 30% reduction of daily free feeding (ad libitum, AL) amount. The mice were fed with CR protocol or AL protocol for six consecutive weeks. RESULTS We found that with CR treatment, AD mice showed improved ability of learning and spatial memory, and lower levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, IL-1β, TNF-α, and ROS in the brain. By sequencing 16S rDNA, we found that CR treatment resulted in significant diversity in composition and abundance of gut flora. At the phylum level, Deferribacteres (0.04%), Patescibacteria (0.14%), Tenericutes (0.03%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.5%) were significantly decreased in CR-treated AD mice; at the genus level, Dubosiella (10.04%), Faecalibaculum (0.04%), and Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 (0.01%) were significantly increased in CR-treated AD mice by comparing with AL diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the attenuation of AD following CR treatment in APP/PS1 mice may result from alterations in the gut microbiome. Thus, gut flora could be a new target for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cong Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbing Guan
- Guangdong Yunzhao Medical Technology Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Le Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yayong Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junhua Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ping Luan
- School of Basic Medical SciencesShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Robertson KV, Rodriguez AS, Cartailler JP, Shrestha S, Schroeder KR, Valenti AM, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Knockdown of microglial iron import gene, DMT1, worsens cognitive function and alters microglial transcriptional landscape in a sex-specific manner in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4559940. [PMID: 38978579 PMCID: PMC11230470 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4559940/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Microglial cell iron load and inflammatory activation are significant hallmarks of late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and excess iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between iron import mechanisms and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood whether microglial iron import mechanisms directly contribute to inflammatory signaling and chronic disease in vivo. These studies determined the effects of microglial-specific knockdown of Slc11a2 on AD-related cognitive decline and microglial transcriptional phenotype. Methods In vitro experiments and RT-qPCR were used to assess a role for DMT1 in amyloid-β-associated inflammation. To determine the effects of microglial Slc11a2 knockdown on AD-related phenotypes in vivo, triple-transgenic Cx3cr1 Cre - ERT2 ;Slc11a2 flfl;APP/PS1 + or - mice were generated and administered corn oil or tamoxifen to induce knockdown at 5-6 months of age. Both sexes underwent behavioral analyses to assess cognition and memory (12-15 months of age). Hippocampal CD11b + microglia were magnetically isolated from female mice (15-17 months) and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted. Results DMT1 inhibition in vitro robustly decreased Aβ-induced inflammatory gene expression and cellular iron levels in conditions of excess iron. In vivo, Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 female, but not male, mice displayed a significant worsening of memory function in Morris water maze and a fear conditioning assay, along with significant hyperactivity compared to control WT and APP/PS1 mice. Hippocampal microglia from Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 females displayed significant increases in Enpp2, Ttr, and the iron-export gene, Slc40a1, compared to control APP/PS1 cells. Slc11a2 KD cells from APP/PS1 females also exhibited decreased expression of markers associated with disease-associated microglia (DAMs), such as Apoe, Ctsb, Csf1, and Hif1α. Conclusions This work suggests a sex-specific role for microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 in propagating behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in the APP/PS1 model of AD. These data also highlight an association between loss of a DAM-like phenotype in microglia and cognitive deficits in Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 female mice. Overall, this work illuminates an iron-related pathway in microglia that may serve a protective role during disease and offers insight into mechanisms behind disease-related sex differences.
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Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Prates JAM, Lopes PA. Insights on the Use of Transgenic Mice Models in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2805. [PMID: 38474051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, presents a significant global health challenge with no known cure to date. Central to our understanding of AD pathogenesis is the β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, which underlies drug research and discovery efforts. Despite extensive studies, no animal models of AD have completely validated this hypothesis. Effective AD models are essential for accurately replicating key pathological features of the disease, notably the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological markers are primarily driven by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) genes in familial AD (FAD) and by tau protein mutations for the tangle pathology. Transgenic mice models have been instrumental in AD research, heavily relying on the overexpression of mutated APP genes to simulate disease conditions. However, these models do not entirely replicate the human condition of AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the historical and ongoing research efforts in AD, particularly through the use of transgenic mice models. It is focused on the benefits gathered from these transgenic mice models in understanding β-amyloid toxicity and the broader biological underpinnings of AD. Additionally, the review critically assesses the application of these models in the preclinical testing of new therapeutic interventions, highlighting the gap between animal models and human clinical realities. This analysis underscores the need for refinement in AD research methodologies to bridge this gap and enhance the translational value of preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Zhang X, Yang S, Han S, Sun Y, Han M, Zheng X, Li F, Wei Y, Wang Y, Bi J. Differential methylation of circRNA m6A in an APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:55. [PMID: 36660942 PMCID: PMC9879070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairment. The characteristic AD pathologies include extracellular senile plaques formed by β‑amyloid protein deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyper‑phosphorylation of τ protein and neuronal loss caused by glial cell proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. Dysregulation of RNA methylation is associated with biological processes, including neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disease. N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) is the main modification in eukaryotic RNA and may be associated with the pathophysiology of AD. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of evolutionarily conserved non‑coding RNA without 5'‑cap and 3'‑polyadenylic acid tail. circRNA undergoes m6A RNA methylation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, high‑throughput sequencing was performed to assess the degree of circRNA m6A methylation in APP/PS1 AD and C57BL/6 mice. These results suggested that circRNA m6A methylation in AD mice was markedly altered compared to the control group. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was used to predict associated pathways; genes with different circRNA m6A methylation in AD mice were associated with 'axon guidance', 'long‑term potentiation', 'glutamatergic synapse', 'cholinergic synapse', 'GABAergic synapse' and 'long‑term depression'. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR demonstrated that among the eight selected circRNA m6A genes, there were five genes that demonstrated significantly increased methylation and three demonstrated significantly decreased methylation. In summary, the present study indicated that circRNA m6A methylation may be associated with pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Suge Yang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Outpatients, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yun Wang, Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Rao SP, Xie W, Christopher Kwon YI, Juckel N, Xie J, Dronamraju VR, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Sulfanegen stimulates 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and oxidative stress in vivo. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102484. [PMID: 36183541 PMCID: PMC9530613 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and H2S donors such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) can reduce oxidative stress in preclinical studies, however clinical benefits of such treatments are rather ambiguous. This is partly due to poor stability and bioavailability of the H2S donors, requiring impractically large doses that are associated with dose-limiting toxicity. Herein, we identified a bioavailable 3-mercaptopyruvate prodrug, sulfanegen, which is able to pose as a sacrificial redox substrate for 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST), one of the H2S biosynthetic enzymes in the brain. Sulfanegen is able to mitigate toxicity emanating from oxidative insults and the Aβ1-42 peptide by releasing H2S through the 3MST pathway. When administered to symptomatic transgenic mouse model of AD (APP/PS1; 7 and 12 months) and mice that were intracerebroventricularly administered with the Aβ1-42 peptide, sulfanegen was able to reverse oxidative and neuroinflammatory consequences of AD pathology by restoring 3MST function. Quantitative neuropathological analyses confirmed significant disease modifying effect of the compound on amyloid plaque burden and brain inflammatory markers. More importantly, sulfanegen treatment attenuated progressive neurodegeneration in these mice, as evident from the restoration of TH+ neurons in the locus coeruleus. This study demonstrates a previously unknown concept that supplementation of 3MST function in the brain may be a viable approach for the management of AD. Finally, brought into the spotlight is the potential of sulfanegen as a promising AD therapeutic for future drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Pavani Rao
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Juckel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Swati S More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Gao P, Wang Z, Lei M, Che J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Hu Y, Shi L, Cui L, Liu J, Noda M, Peng Y, Long J. Daphnetin ameliorates Aβ pathogenesis via STAT3/GFAP signaling in an APP/PS1 double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106227. [PMID: 35452800 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major public health problem that affects the elderly population. Therapeutic compounds with curative effects are not available due to the complex pathogenesis of AD. Daphnetin, a natural coumarin derivative and inhibitor of various kinases, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we found that daphnetin improved spatial learning and memory in an amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mouse model of AD. Daphnetin markedly decreased the levels of amyloid-β peptide 1-40 (Aβ40) and 1-42 (Aβ42) in the cerebral cortex, downregulated the expressions of enzymes involved in APP processing, e.g., beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE), nicastrin and presenilin enhancer protein 2 (PEN2). We further found the reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), while daphnetin increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum. Interestingly, daphnetin markedly decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the upstream regulatory molecule- phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in APP/PS1 mice, and mainly inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 to decrease GFAP expression evidenced in a LPS-activated glial cell model. These results suggest that daphnetin ameliorates cognitive deficits and that Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice is mainly correlated with astrocyte activation and APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Mengyao Lei
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiaxing Che
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yachong Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Treadmill Exercise Promotes Microglial β-Amyloid Clearance and Prevents Cognitive Decline in APP/PS1 Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 491:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang H, Su Y, Sun Z, Chen M, Han Y, Li Y, Dong X, Ding S, Fang Z, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates Aβ deposition by inhibiting NADPH oxidase 2 activation in APP/PS1 mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:665-675. [PMID: 34764721 PMCID: PMC8569324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, may be a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the protective effect of Rg1 on neurodegeneration in AD and its mechanism of action are still incompletely understood. Methods Wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 AD mice, from 6 to 9 months old, were used in the experiment. The open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to detect behavioral changes. Neuronal damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were used to examine postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, Tau and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression. Results Rg1 treatment for 12 weeks significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments and neuronal damage and decreased the p-Tau level, amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, and Aβ generation in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, Rg1 treatment significantly decreased the ROS level and NOX2 expression in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Rg1 alleviates cognitive impairments, neuronal damage, and reduce Aβ deposition by inhibiting NOX2 activation in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly reduced APP expression and Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. The expression of NOX2 and ROS production were significantly increased in APP/PS1 mice. Rg1 treatment significantly decreased NOX2 expression and ROS accumulation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Liu C, Cheng ZY, Xia QP, Hu YH, Wang C, He L. GPR40 receptor agonist TAK-875 improves cognitive deficits and reduces β-amyloid production in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2133-2146. [PMID: 34173034 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is expressed in brain in addition to periphery and is associated with cognitive function such as space orientation, memory, and learning. However, the effects and mechanisms of GPR40 agonist in improving the AD progression remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of a potent and selective GPR40 agonist TAK-875 on the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. RESULTS The results showed that intracerebroventricular administration of TAK-875 significantly rescued cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, and these effects may be mediated by the regulation of phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling pathway, which enhanced α-secretase ADAM10 activity, promoted amyloid precursor protein non-amyloidogenic processing pathway, and reduced β-amyloid production. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GPR40 may be a potential therapeutic target for AD, and GPR40 agonists may become promising AD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Qing-Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China.
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11
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Huang X, Yang J, Huang X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zou L, Yang X. Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Cognitive Impairment and Modifies the Hippocampal Proteome in Two Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632843. [PMID: 33791294 PMCID: PMC8005584 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, has no effective treatment. We studied the potential effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an alkaloid in the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (chuānxiong) to treat ischemic stroke, on AD progression in two AD mouse models. Eight-month-old 3xTg-AD mice received TMP treatment (10 mg/kg/d) for 1 month, and 4-month-old APP/PS1-AD mice received TMP treatment (10 mg/kg/d) for 2 months. Behavioral tests, including step-down passive avoidance (SDA), new object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and Contextual fear conditioning test showed that TMP significantly improved the learning and memory of the two AD-transgenic mice. In addition, TMP reduced beta-amyloid (Aß) levels and tau phosphorylation (p-tau). Venny map pointed out that 116 proteins were commonly changed in 3xTg mice vs. wild type (WT) mice and TMP-treated mice vs. -untreated mice. The same 130 proteins were commonly changed in APP/PS1 mice vs. WT mice and TMP-treated mice vs. -untreated mice. The functions of the common proteins modified by TMP in the two models were mainly involved in mitochondrial, synaptic, cytoskeleton, ATP binding, and GTP binding. Mitochondrial omics analysis revealed 21 and 20 differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins modified by TMP in 3xTg-AD mice and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. These differential proteins were located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane, mitochondrial gap, and mitochondrial matrix, and the function of some proteins is closely related to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Western-blot analysis confirmed that TMP changed the expression of OXPHOS complex proteins (sdhb, ndufa10, uqcrfs1, cox5b, atp5a) in the hippocampus of the two AD mice. Taken together, we demonstrated that TMP treatment changed the hippocampal proteome, reduced AD pathology, and reduced cognitive impairment in the two AD models. The changes might be associated with modification of the mitochondrial protein profile by TMP. The results of the study suggest that TMP can improve the symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Fulopova B, Stuart KE, Bennett W, Bindoff A, King AE, Vickers JC, Canty AJ. Regional differences in beta amyloid plaque deposition and variable response to midlife environmental enrichment in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1849-1862. [PMID: 33104234 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally enriched housing conditions can increase performance on cognitive tasks in APP/PS1 mice; however, the potential effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on disease modification in terms of pathological change are inconclusive. We hypothesized that previous contrasting findings may be attributable to regional differences in susceptibility to amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition in cortical regions that are functionally associated with EE. We characterized fibrillar plaque deposition in 6, 12, and 18-22 months old APP/PS1 mice in the prefrontal (PFC), somatosensory (SS2), and primary motor cortex (M1). We found a significant increase in plaque load between 6 and 12 months in all regions. In animals over 12 months, only the PFC region continued to significantly accumulate plaques. Additionally, 12 months old animals subjected to 6 months of EE showed improved spatial navigation and had significantly fewer plaques in M1 and SS2, but not in the PFC. These findings suggest that the PFC region is selectively susceptible to Aβ deposition and less responsive to the attenuating effects of EE. In contrast, M1 and SS2 regions plateau with respect to Aβ deposition by 12 months of age and are susceptible to amyloid pathology modification by midlife EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Fulopova
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberley E Stuart
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - William Bennett
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Aidan Bindoff
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alison J Canty
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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13
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Liu D, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Gao Y, Tu D, Wang Y, Gao HM, Zhou H. Benzo(a)pyrene exposure induced neuronal loss, plaque deposition, and cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:258. [PMID: 32867800 PMCID: PMC7461337 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was associated with cognitive impairments and some Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathological changes. However, it is largely unknown whether BaP exposure participates in the disease progression of AD. Objectives To investigate the effect of BaP exposure on AD progression and its underlying mechanisms. Methods BaP or vehicle was administered to 4-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice and wildtype (WT) mice for 2 months. Learning and memory ability and exploratory behaviors were evaluated 1 month after the initiation/termination of BaP exposure. AD-like pathological and biochemical alterations were examined 1 month after 2-month BaP exposure. Levels of soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers and the number of Aβ plaques in the cortex and the hippocampus were quantified. Gene expression profiling was used to evaluate alternation of genes/pathways associated with AD onset and progression. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to demonstrate neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the cortex and the hippocampus. Treatment of primary neuron-glia cultures with aged Aβ (a mixture of monomers, oligomers, and fibrils) and/or BaP was used to investigate mechanisms by which BaP enhanced Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. Results BaP exposure induced progressive decline in spatial learning/memory and exploratory behaviors in APP/PS1 mice and WT mice, and APP/PS1 mice showed severer behavioral deficits than WT mice. Moreover, BaP exposure promoted neuronal loss, Aβ burden and Aβ plaque formation in APP/PS1 mice, but not in WT mice. Gene expression profiling showed most robust alteration in genes and pathways related to inflammation and immunoregulatory process, Aβ secretion and degradation, and synaptic formation in WT and APP/PS1 mice after BaP exposure. Consistently, the cortex and the hippocampus of WT and APP/PS1 mice displayed activation of microglia and astroglia and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and NADPH oxidase (three widely used neuroinflammatory markers) after BaP exposure. Furthermore, BaP exposure aggravated neurodegeneration induced by aged Aβ peptide in primary neuron-glia cultures through enhancing NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress. Conclusion Our study showed that chronic exposure to environmental pollutant BaP induced, accelerated, and exacerbated the progression of AD, in which elevated neuroinflammation and NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative insults were key pathogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuze Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dezhen Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinxi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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14
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Qin T, Prins S, Groeneveld GJ, Van Westen G, de Vries HE, Wong YC, Bischoff LJ, de Lange EC. Utility of Animal Models to Understand Human Alzheimer's Disease, Using the Mastermind Research Approach to Avoid Unnecessary Further Sacrifices of Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093158. [PMID: 32365768 PMCID: PMC7247586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To diagnose and treat early-stage (preclinical) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, we need body-fluid-based biomarkers that reflect the processes that occur in this stage, but current knowledge on associated processes is lacking. As human studies on (possible) onset and early-stage AD would be extremely expensive and time-consuming, we investigate the potential value of animal AD models to help to fill this knowledge gap. We provide a comprehensive overview of processes associated with AD pathogenesis and biomarkers, current knowledge on AD-related biomarkers derived from on human and animal brains and body fluids, comparisons of biomarkers obtained in human AD and frequently used animal AD models, and emerging body-fluid-based biomarkers. In human studies, amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau), total tau (T-tau), neurogranin, SNAP-25, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL-40, and especially neurofilament light (NfL) are frequently measured. In animal studies, the emphasis has been mostly on Aβ. Although a direct comparison between human (familial and sporadic) AD and (mostly genetic) animal AD models cannot be made, still, in brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood, a majority of similar trends are observed for human AD stage and animal AD model life stage. This indicates the potential value of animal AD models in understanding of the onset and early stage of AD. Moreover, animal studies can be smartly designed to provide mechanistic information on the interrelationships between the different AD processes in a longitudinal fashion and may also include the combinations of different conditions that may reflect comorbidities in human AD, according to the Mastermind Research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.Q.); (L.J.M.B.)
| | - Samantha Prins
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (S.P.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (S.P.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Gerard Van Westen
- Computational Drug Discovery, Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Neuro-immunology research group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Yin Cheong Wong
- Advanced Modelling and Simulation, UCB Celltech, Slough SL1 3WE, UK;
| | - Luc J.M. Bischoff
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.Q.); (L.J.M.B.)
| | - Elizabeth C.M. de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.Q.); (L.J.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-527-6330
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15
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Han M, Liu Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang D, Li F, Wang Y, Bi J. Abnormality of m6A mRNA Methylation Is Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:98. [PMID: 32184705 PMCID: PMC7058666 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is highly prevalent in older adults. The main clinical feature is the progressive decline of memory function, which eventually leads to the decline of cognitive function. At present, the pathogenesis of AD is unclear. In the disease process, synaptic changes are the key. Recent studies have shown that the dysregulation of RNA methylation is related to many biological processes, including neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic RNA. In this study, RNA m6A methylation was quantified in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which is an AD mouse model, and C57BL/6 control mice, and data showed that m6A methylation was elevated in the cortex and the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Next, the alterations of m6A RNA methylation in AD and in C57BL/6 mice were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Genome-wide maps of m6A mRNA showed that the degrees of m6A methylation were higher in many genes and lower in others in AD mice. Interestingly, the expression of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 was elevated and that of the m6A demethylase FTO was decreased in AD mice. The data were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, and pathways that might be related to synaptic or neuron development and growth were constructed. The related pathways and genes predicted the potential roles of the differentially expressed m6A methylation RNA in AD. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the m6A methylation of RNA promotes the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Dewei Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Wang K, Chen Q, Wu N, Li Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Gong D, Zou X, Liu C, Chen J. Berberine Ameliorates Spatial Learning Memory Impairment and Modulates Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 31551793 PMCID: PMC6743342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment caused by diabetes has been recognized. Berberine is well known for its resistance to peripheral lesions, but it is rarely used for the treatment of spatial learning and memory caused by diabetes. This study explored the mechanism of berberine to alleviate cognitive impairment via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways. Methods: Morris water maze was used to appraise spatial learning and memory. Positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging was adopted to detect the transport of glucose, and blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose was checked using commercial blood glucose meter. Insulin level was measured by ELISA kit and β-Amyloid (Aβ) formation was observed by Congo red staining. Western-blot was performed to appraise protein expression. Results: We found that berberine rectified some aberrant changes in signal molecules concerning inflammation, and cholinergic and insulin signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Furthermore, CSF/blood glucose, inflammatory response or acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity were reduced by berberine. Additionally, acetylcholine levels were enhanced after berberine treatment in diabetic rats. Finally, Aβ formation in diabetic hippocampus was inhibited and spatial learning memory was ameliorated by berberine. Discussion: In conclusion, berberine clears Aβ deposit and consequently ameliorates spatial learning memory impairment via the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ninghua Wu
- Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Di Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Cao Y, Xu H, Zhu Y, Shi MJ, Wei L, Zhang J, Cheng S, Shi Y, Tong H, Kang L, Lu L, Luo H, Yang X, Bai X, Wang R, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhong K, Zhao BQ, Fan W. ADAMTS13 maintains cerebrovascular integrity to ameliorate Alzheimer-like pathology. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000313. [PMID: 31185010 PMCID: PMC6588259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) defects and cerebrovascular dysfunction contribute to amyloid-β (Aβ) brain accumulation and drive Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. By regulating vascular functions and inflammation in the microvasculature, a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) plays a significant protective effect in atherosclerosis and stroke. However, whether ADAMTS13 influences AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy, histological, behavioral, and biological methods, we determined BBB integrity, cerebrovascular dysfunction, amyloid accumulation, and cognitive impairment in APPPS1 mice lacking ADAMTS13. We also tested the impact of viral-mediated expression of ADAMTS13 on cerebrovascular function and AD-like pathology in APPPS1 mice. We show that ADAMTS13 deficiency led to an early and progressive BBB breakdown as well as reductions in vessel density, capillary perfusion, and cerebral blood flow in APPPS1 mice. We found that deficiency of ADAMTS13 increased brain plaque load and Aβ levels and accelerated cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) by impeding BBB-mediated clearance of brain Aβ, resulting in worse cognitive decline in APPPS1 mice. Virus-mediated expression of ADAMTS13 attenuated BBB disruption and increased microvessels, capillary perfusion, and cerebral blood flow in APPPS1 mice already showing BBB damage and plaque deposition. These beneficial vascular effects were reflected by increase in clearance of cerebral Aβ, reductions in Aβ brain accumulation, and improvements in cognitive performance. Our results show that ADAMTS13 deficiency contributes to AD cerebrovascular dysfunction and the resulting pathogenesis and cognitive deficits and suggest that ADAMTS13 may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haochen Xu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Juan Shi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Wei
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqian Shi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
| | - Lijing Kang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyu Luo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Functions and Disease, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (WF); (BQZ); (KZ)
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WF); (BQZ); (KZ)
| | - Wenying Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WF); (BQZ); (KZ)
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Lafuente JV, Patnaik R, Tian ZR, Ozkizilcik A, Castellani RJ, Mössler H, Sharma A. Co-Administration of TiO2 Nanowired Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Cerebrolysin Potentiates Neprilysin Level and Reduces Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:300-311. [PMID: 28844104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neprilysin (NPL), the rate-limiting enzyme for amyloid beta peptide (AβP), appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or cerebrolysin (CBL, a combination of neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments) have neuroprotective effects in various CNS disorders, we examined nanowired delivery of MSCs and CBL on NPL content and brain pathology in AD using a rat model. AD-like symptoms were produced by intraventricular (i.c.v.) administration of AβP (1-40) in the left lateral ventricle (250 ng/10 μl, once daily) for 4 weeks. After 30 days, the rats were examined for NPL and AβP concentrations in the brain and related pathology. Co-administration of TiO2-nanowired MSCs (106 cells) with 2.5 ml/kg CBL (i.v.) once daily for 1 week after 2 weeks of AβP infusion significantly increased the NPL in the hippocampus (400 pg/g) from the untreated control group (120 pg/g; control 420 ± 8 pg/g brain) along with a significant decrease in the AβP deposition (45 pg/g from untreated control 75 pg/g; saline control 40 ± 4 pg/g). Interestingly, these changes were much less evident when the MSCs or CBL treatment was given alone. Neuronal damages, gliosis, and myelin vesiculation were also markedly reduced by the combined treatment of TiO2, MSCs, and CBL in AD. These observations are the first to show that co-administration of TiO2-nanowired CBL and MSCs has superior neuroprotective effects in AD probably due to increasing the brain NPL level effectively, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden. .,International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), University Hospital, Uppsala University, Frödingsgatan 12, Bldg. 28, SE-75421, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.,Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, Indian Institute of technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Asya Ozkizilcik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Herbert Mössler
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), University Hospital, Uppsala University, Frödingsgatan 12, Bldg. 28, SE-75421, Uppsala, Sweden.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
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Liu JY, Chen XX, Chen HY, Shi J, Leung GPH, Tang SCW, Lao LX, Yip HKF, Lee KF, Sze SCW, Zhang ZJ, Zhang KY. Downregulation of Aquaporin 9 Exacerbates Beta-amyloid-induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease Models In vitro and In vivo. Neuroscience 2018; 394:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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de Rojas I, Romero J, Rodríguez-Gomez O, Pesini P, Sanabria A, Pérez-Cordon A, Abdelnour C, Hernández I, Rosende-Roca M, Mauleón A, Vargas L, Alegret M, Espinosa A, Ortega G, Gil S, Guitart M, Gailhajanet A, Santos-Santos MA, Moreno-Grau S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Ruiz S, Montrreal L, Martín E, Pelejà E, Lomeña F, Campos F, Vivas A, Gómez-Chiari M, Tejero MA, Giménez J, Pérez-Grijalba V, Marquié GM, Monté-Rubio G, Valero S, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Sarasa M, Ruiz A, Boada M. Correlations between plasma and PET beta-amyloid levels in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: the Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI). Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:119. [PMID: 30497535 PMCID: PMC6267075 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral biomarkers that identify individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) or predicting high amyloid beta (Aβ) brain burden would be highly valuable. To facilitate clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies, plasma concentrations of Aβ species are good candidates for peripheral AD biomarkers, but studies to date have generated conflicting results. METHODS The Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) study uses a convenience sample of 200 individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at the Fundació ACE (Barcelona, Spain) who underwent amyloid florbetaben(18F) (FBB) positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging. Baseline plasma samples from FACEHBI subjects (aged 65.9 ± 7.2 years) were analyzed using the ABtest (Araclon Biotech). This test directly determines the free plasma (FP) and total plasma (TP) levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides. The association between Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma levels and FBB-PET global standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was determined using correlations and linear regression-based methods. The effect of the APOE genotype on plasma Aβ levels and FBB-PET was also assessed. Finally, various models including different combinations of demographics, genetics, and Aβ plasma levels were constructed using logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses to evaluate their ability for discriminating which subjects presented brain amyloidosis. RESULTS FBB-PET global SUVR correlated weakly but significantly with Aβ42/40 plasma ratios. For TP42/40, this observation persisted after controlling for age and APOE ε4 allele carrier status (R2 = 0.193, p = 1.01E-09). The ROC curve demonstrated that plasma Aβ measurements are not superior to APOE and age in combination in predicting brain amyloidosis. It is noteworthy that using a simple preselection tool (the TP42/40 ratio with an empirical cut-off value of 0.08) optimizes the sensitivity and reduces the number of individuals subjected to Aβ FBB-PET scanners to 52.8%. No significant dependency was observed between APOE genotype and plasma Aβ measurements (p value for interaction = 0.105). CONCLUSION Brain and plasma Aβ levels are partially correlated in individuals diagnosed with SCD. Aβ plasma measurements, particularly the TP42/40 ratio, could generate a new recruitment strategy independent of the APOE genotype that would improve identification of SCD subjects with brain amyloidosis and reduce the rate of screening failures in preclinical AD studies. Independent replication of these findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - O. Rodríguez-Gomez
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A. Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Pérez-Cordon
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Abdelnour
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Mauleón
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Vargas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Gil
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Guitart
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Gailhajanet
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. A. Santos-Santos
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - O. Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Martín
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Pelejà
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Lomeña
- Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Campos
- Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Vivas
- Departament de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Gómez-Chiari
- Departament de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. A. Tejero
- Departament de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Giménez
- Departament de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - G. M. Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Monté-Rubio
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A. Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, C/ Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
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Ligustilide Ameliorates Memory Deficiency in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice via Restoring Mitochondrial Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4606752. [PMID: 30079347 PMCID: PMC6069587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4606752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligustilide, the main lipophilic component of Radix angelicae sinensis, has been shown to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in a few Alzheimer's disease mouse models, but its mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we employed 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice to explore whether LIG is able to protect against Alzheimer's disease progression. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test results showed that eight weeks of intragastric administration of LIG (10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) every day improved memory deficit in APP/PS1 mice. The thioflavin-S staining and Western blot results (Aβ1-42 monomer/oligomer, APP, ADAM10, SAPPα, and PreP) showed that LIG reduced Aβ levels in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that LIG reduced the mitochondria number and increased the mitochondrial length in the hippocampal CA1 area of APP/PS1 mice. A reduced level of Drp1 (fission) and increased levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 (fusion) were found in APP/PS1 mice treated with LIG. An increased ATP level in the brain and increased activities of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in mitochondrion separated from the hippocampus and cortex revealed that LIG alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction. LIG exerts an antioxidation effect via reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activity of Mn-SOD in the brain. Elevated levels of PSD-95, synaptophysin, and synapsin 1 in both the hippocampus and cortex indicated that LIG provided synaptic protection. These findings show that treatment with LIG ameliorates mitochondrial dynamics and morphology issues, improves mitochondrial function, reduces Aβ levels in the brain, restores the synaptic structure, and ameliorates memory deficit in APP/PS1 mice. These results imply that LIG may serve as a potential antidementia drug.
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Lacosta AM, Pascual-Lucas M, Pesini P, Casabona D, Pérez-Grijalba V, Marcos-Campos I, Sarasa L, Canudas J, Badi H, Monleón I, San-José I, Munuera J, Rodríguez-Gómez O, Abdelnour C, Lafuente A, Buendía M, Boada M, Tárraga L, Ruiz A, Sarasa M. Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an active anti-Aβ 40 vaccine (ABvac40) in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29378651 PMCID: PMC5789644 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy targeting the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, none of the active or passive vaccines tested have been demonstrated to be effective to date. We have developed the first active vaccine against the C-terminal end of Aβ40, ABvac40, and assessed its safety and tolerability in a phase I clinical trial. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase I study of ABvac40 was conducted with patients aged 50–85 years with mild to moderate AD. Participants were entered into three separate groups according to time of study entry and were randomly allocated to receive ABvac40 or placebo (overall ratio 2:1). The first group received two half-doses of ABvac40 or placebo, whereas the second and third groups received two and three full doses, respectively. All treatments were administered subcutaneously at 4-week intervals. Patients, carers and investigators were blind to treatment allocation throughout the study. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of ABvac40 by registering all adverse events (AEs). All patients who received at least one dose of treatment were included in the safety analysis. The secondary objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity of ABvac40 by titration of specific anti-Aβ40 antibodies in plasma. Results Twenty-four patients were randomly allocated: 16 patients to the ABvac40 group and 8 patients to the placebo group. All randomised patients completed the study, therefore the intention-to-treat and safety populations were identical. Overall, 71 AEs affecting 18 patients were recorded: 11 (69%) in the ABvac40 group and 7 (88%) in the placebo group (p = 0.6214). Neither incident vasogenic oedema nor sulcal effusion (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities corresponding to vasogenic oedema and sulcal effusions) nor microhaemorrhages (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities corresponding to microhaemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits) were detected throughout the study period in the ABvac40-treated patients. Eleven of 12 (~92%) individuals receiving three injections of ABvac40 developed specific anti-Aβ40 antibodies. Conclusions ABvac40 showed a favourable safety and tolerability profile while eliciting a consistent and specific immune response. An ongoing phase II clinical trial is needed to confirm these results and to explore the clinical efficacy of ABvac40. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03113812. Retrospectively registered on 14 April 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0340-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Pesini
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Diego Casabona
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Leticia Sarasa
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Canudas
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hassnae Badi
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Munuera
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Gómez
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Lafuente
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Buendía
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tárraga
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarasa
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Allué JA, Sarasa L, Izco M, Pérez-Grijalba V, Fandos N, Pascual-Lucas M, Ogueta S, Pesini P, Sarasa M. Outstanding Phenotypic Differences in the Profile of Amyloid-β between Tg2576 and APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:773-85. [PMID: 27258422 PMCID: PMC4981901 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tg2576 are very common transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), used in many laboratories as tools to research the mechanistic process leading to the disease. In order to augment our knowledge about the amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms present in both transgenic mouse models, we have developed two chromatographic methods, one acidic and the other basic, for the characterization of the Aβ species produced in the brains of the two transgenic mouse models. After immunoprecipitation and micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, 10 species of Aβ, surprisingly all of human origin, were detected in the brain of Tg2576 mouse, whereas 39 species, of both murine and human origin, were detected in the brain of the APP/PS1 mouse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the identification of such a high number of Aβ species in the brain of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, whereas, in contrast, a much lower number of Aβ species were identified in the Tg2576 mouse. Therefore, this study brings to light a relevant phenotypic difference between these two popular mice models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Sarasa
- Correspondence to: Manuel Sarasa, Department of R&D, Mass Spectrometry and Immunology Laboratories, Araclon Biotech Ltd., Via Hispanidad 21, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain. Tel.: +34 976796562; E-mail:
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Krivinko JM, Erickson SL, Abrahamson EE, Wills ZP, Ikonomovic MD, Penzes P, Sweet RA. Kalirin reduction rescues psychosis-associated behavioral deficits in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:59-70. [PMID: 28319837 PMCID: PMC5502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD+P) represents a distinct clinical and neurobiological AD phenotype and is associated with more rapid cognitive decline, higher rates of abnormal behaviors, and increased caregiver burden compared with AD without psychosis. On a molecular level, AD+P is associated with greater reductions in the protein kalirin, a guanine exchange factor which has also been linked to the psychotic disease, schizophrenia. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular and behavioral consequences of kalirin reduction in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. We evaluated mice with and without kalirin reduction during tasks measuring psychosis-associated behaviors and spatial memory. We found that kalirin reduction in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice significantly attenuated psychosis-associated behavior at 12 months of age without changing spatial memory performance. The 12-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice with reduced kalirin levels also had increased levels of the active, phosphorylated forms of p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinases (PAKs), which function in signaling pathways for maintenance of dendritic spine density, morphology, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Krivinko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary P Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Stuart KE, King AE, Fernandez-Martos CM, Dittmann J, Summers MJ, Vickers JC. Mid-life environmental enrichment increases synaptic density in CA1 in a mouse model of Aβ-associated pathology and positively influences synaptic and cognitive health in healthy ageing. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:1797-1810. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley E. Stuart
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Anna E. King
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Carmen M. Fernandez-Martos
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Justin Dittmann
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Mathew J. Summers
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
- School of Social Sciences; University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - James C. Vickers
- Faculty of Health; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
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Zhu S, Wang J, Zhang Y, He J, Kong J, Wang JF, Li XM. The role of neuroinflammation and amyloid in cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:310-320. [PMID: 28191738 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Both amyloid deposition and neuroinflammation appear in the early course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the progression of neuroinflammation and its relationship with amyloid deposition and behavioral changes have not been fully elucidated. A better understanding the role of neuroinflammation in AD might extend our current knowledge to therapeutic intervention possibilities. METHODS This study systematically characterized changes in behavioral abnormalities in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Brain pathology measures were performed in post-mortem brain tissues of mice from 2 to 22 months. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice exhibited significant memory deficits from 5 months old, which were aggravated at the later stage of life. However, the degree of memory impairments reached a plateau at 12 months. An early appearance of amyloid plaques was at 3 months with a linear increase throughout the disease course. CD11b-positive microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein-(GFAP) positive astrocytes were first detected at 3 months with a close association with amyloid plaques. Yet, the rate of changes in glial activation slowed down from 12 months despite the steady increase in Aβ. CONCLUSION These findings provided evidence that neuroinflammation might be involved in the development and progression of cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting novel intervention and prevention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Junhui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jue He
- First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Maternal separation exacerbates Alzheimer's disease-like behavioral and pathological changes in adult APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 318:18-23. [PMID: 27771383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder that gradually destroys memory and cognitive abilities in the elderly, makes a huge emotional and economic burden on the patients and their families. The presence of senile plaques and the loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain are two neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Maternal separation (MS) is an animal paradigm designed to make early life stress. Studies on wild type rodents showed that MS could induce AD-like cognitive deficit and pathological changes. However, the effects of MS on AD susceptible population or AD animal models are still unclear. In the present study, male APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were separated from dam and pups 3h per day from postnatal day 2 to day 21. After weaning, all animals were housed under normal conditions (4 mice per cage). At 9-month age, MWM tests were performed to evaluate the learning and memory abilities. Then the pathological changes in the brain were measured by histology staining. The results showed MS mice had more severe deficit of learning and memory. Compared to the control, there were more senile plaques in cortex and hippocampus, fewer cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis of Meynert in MS mice. These results indicate that MS exacerbates Alzheimer's disease-like behavioral and pathological changes in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.
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Poljak A, Sachdev PS. Plasma amyloid beta peptides: an Alzheimer’s conundrum or a more accessible Alzheimer’s biomarker? Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:3-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1217156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poljak
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences (SOMS), University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility (BMSF), University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Singh Sachdev
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Wang W, Lu L, Wu QQ, Jia JP. Brain Amyloid-β Plays an Initiating Role in the Pathophysiological Process of the PS1V97L-Tg Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:1089-99. [PMID: 27079718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-ping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
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Cai Z, Xiao M, Chang L, Yan LJ. Role of insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:839-51. [PMID: 25399337 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical role of insulin resistance (IR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), failure of synaptic transmission and neuronal degeneration. Aβ is sequentially cleavaged from APP by two proteolytic enzymes: β-secretase and γ-secretase. IR could regulate Aβ production via enhancing β- and γ-secretase activity. Meanwhile, IR induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain which contributes to Aβ and tau pathology. Aβ accumulation can enhance IR through Aβ-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. IR is a possible linking between amyloid plaques and NFTs pathology via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, IR could disrupt acetylcholine activity, and accelerate axon degeneration and failures in axonal transport, and lead to cognitive impairment in AD. Preclinical and clinical studies have supported that insulin could be useful in the treatment of AD. Thus, an effective measure to inhibit IR may be a novel drug target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China,
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31
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Li Y, Liu S, Man Y, Li N, Zhou YU. Effects of vitamins E and C combined with β-carotene on cognitive function in the elderly. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1489-1493. [PMID: 25780457 PMCID: PMC4353806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamins E (VE) and C (VC), combined with β-carotene (β-C), on cognitive function in the elderly. A total of 276 elderly subjects completed the prospective study following treatment with VE, VC and different doses of β-C or with VE only. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) tests. The plasma levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results from the MMSE and HDS assessments indicated that the treatment strategy of VE and VC combined with β-C significantly improved cognitive function in the elderly subjects, particularly with higher doses of β-C. Furthermore, RIA suggested that treatment with these vitamins could markedly reduce plasma Aβ levels and elevate plasma E2 levels. The present findings suggest that treatment with VE, VC and β-C results in promising improvements in cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Y U Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
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Sérrière S, Tauber C, Vercouillie J, Mothes C, Pruckner C, Guilloteau D, Kassiou M, Doméné A, Garreau L, Page G, Chalon S. Amyloid load and translocator protein 18 kDa in APPswePS1-dE9 mice: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1639-1652. [PMID: 25680265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied concomitantly the level of neuroinflammation and β-amyloid (Aβ) load in the APPswePS1dE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using positron emission tomography. The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) tracer [(18)F]DPA-714 was used to measure neuroinflammation and [(18)F]AV-45 for Aβ load in mice at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 19 months of age. At 19 months, we also analyzed the neuroinflammatory and neuroanatomic status of mice brains. The main affected brain areas were the cortex and hippocampus, with a concomitant progression of neuroinflammation with increased amyloid burden. At 19 months, no increase in TSPO binding was observed in the cerebellum; immunostaining revealed W0-2-positive plaques, indicating that the amyloid deposits seemed not stimulate inflammation. This finding was in agreement with the observed level of microglia and astrocytes staining. Our findings provide a better understanding of the relationships between neuroinflammation and plaque accumulation in the course of the disease in this mouse model. The monitoring of both processes should be of value to validate potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sérrière
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Clovis Tauber
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aurélie Doméné
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucette Garreau
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guylène Page
- EA 3808 CiMoTheMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR Inserm U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
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Oh J, Lee HJ, Song JH, Park SI, Kim H. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as an early potential diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:87-91. [PMID: 25304332 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in individuals over 65 years old. However, to date, no useful early diagnostic markers for AD have been discovered. We examined the utility of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a potential biomarker for AD in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, as well as in nondemented healthy controls. Plasma PAI-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in samples collected from 76 patients with MCI, 74 patients with AD, and 76 healthy controls. Our results show that plasma PAI-1 levels gradually increased as dementia progressed. The mean levels of plasma PAI-1 in patients with MCI and AD patients were significantly higher than those of in healthy controls. Consistently, neuropsychological examination (e.g., MMSE, CDR) also demonstrated significant correlations between the plasma PAI-1 levels and cognitive function. In conclusion, the level of plasma PAI-1 is a potential biomarker for the early detection and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Oh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Song
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea.
| | - Hyunyoung Kim
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea.
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Cheng S, LeBlanc KJ, Li L. Triptolide preserves cognitive function and reduces neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108845. [PMID: 25275487 PMCID: PMC4183525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, a major bioactive ingredient of a widely used herbal medicine, has been shown to possess multiple pharmacological functions, including potential neuroprotective effects pertinent to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro. However, the therapeutic potential of triptolide for AD in vivo has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the impact of peripherally administered triptolide on AD-related behavior and neuropathology in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice, an established model of AD. Our results showed that two-month treatment with triptolide rescued cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that triptolide treatment led to a significant decrease in amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation in treated mice. In contrast to previous findings in vitro, biochemical analyses showed that triptolide treatment did not significantly affect the production pathway of Aβ in vivo. Intriguingly, further analyses revealed that triptolide treatment upregulated the level of insulin-degrading enzyme, a major Aβ-degrading enzyme in the brain, indicating that triptolide treatment reduced Aβ pathology by enhancing the proteolytic degradation of Aβ. Our findings demonstrate that triptolide treatment ameliorates key behavioral and neuropathological changes found in AD, suggesting that triptolide may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Cheng
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. LeBlanc
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Nisticò R, Ferraina C, Marconi V, Blandini F, Negri L, Egebjerg J, Feligioni M. Age-related changes of protein SUMOylation balance in the AβPP Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24778618 PMCID: PMC3985012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder that affects the central nervous system causing a severe neurodegeneration. This pathology affects an increasing number of people worldwide due to the overall aging of the human population. In recent years SUMO protein modification has emerged as a possible cellular mechanism involved in AD. Some of the proteins engaged in the physiopathological process of AD, like BACE1, GSK3-β tau, AβPP, and JNK, are in fact subject to protein SUMO modifications or interactions. Here, we have investigated the SUMO/deSUMOylation balance and SUMO-related proteins during the onset and progression of the pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. We examined four age-stages (1.5, 3, 6, 17 months old) and observed shows an increase in SUMO-1 protein conjugation at 3 and 6 months in transgenic mice with respect to WT in both cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly this is paralleled by increased expression levels of Ubc9 and SENP1 in both brain regions. At 6 months of age also the SUMO-1 mRNA resulted augmented. SUMO-2-ylation was surprisingly decreased in old transgenic mice and was unaltered in the other time windows. The fact that alterations in SUMO/deSUMOylation equilibrium occur from the early phases of AD suggests that global posttranslational modifications may play an important role in the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, thus providing potential targets for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nisticò
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marconi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Negri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Egebjerg
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery DK H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation Rome, Italy
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