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Ivleva IS, Ivlev AP, Pestereva NS, Tyutyunnik TV, Karpenko MN. Protective effect of calpain inhibitors against manganese-induced toxicity in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1003-1013. [PMID: 35089484 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of manganism is a major complication of manganese exposure in which neurological dysfunction is linked to accumulation of metal in the brain. Current therapies do not prevent progression of the disease. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic strategies for treatment of manganism is of utmost importance. Since the hyperactivation of calpain family proteases in CNS during manganism in an animal model is observed, we assumed that inhibition of calpains can suppress the development of Mn-induced neurological disturbances. The goal of this study is to delineate protective effect and the mechanism of neuroprotection of calpain inhibitor in rat model of Mn-induced neurological symptoms. Using the Gait analysis test, we found that chronic intranasal administration of the calpain inhibitor Cast (184-210) (peptide, which is corresponding to the 184-210 amino acid of the endogenous inhibitor of calpains-human calpastatin) to Mn-treated rats contributed to a significant decrease in the severity of gait disorders, although it did not lead to a decrease in the Mn deposition in the striatum and hippocampus. Accordingly to the results of PCR-RT, this effect was accompanied by a partial reduction in the content of neuro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB mRNA in the hippocampus and, additionally, IBA-1 mRNA in the striatum), as well as normalization of the content of dopamine and its metabolites in the hippocampus and striatum, which was assessed by HPLC. In striatum cells, the application of Cast (184-210) also led to a significant increase in the production of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was analyzed by immunoblotting method. These findings suggest that calpain inhibitors may be a valid therapeutic agent in manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ivleva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Ivlev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Tyutyunnik
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Warren EB, Bryan MR, Morcillo P, Hardeman KN, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Manganese-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Not Detectable at Exposures Below the Acute Cytotoxic Threshold in Neuronal Cell Types. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:446-459. [PMID: 32492146 PMCID: PMC7416316 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but excessive exposures have been well-documented to culminate in neurotoxicity. Curiously, the precise mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still unknown. One hypothesis suggests that Mn exerts its toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial function, which then (if exposure levels are high and long enough) leads to cell death. Here, we used a Huntington's disease cell model with known differential sensitivities to manganese-STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells-to examine the effects of acute Mn exposure on mitochondrial function. We determined toxicity thresholds for each cell line using both changes in cell number and caspase-3/7 activation. We used a range of acute Mn exposures (0-300 µM), both above and below the cytotoxic threshold, to evaluate mitochondria-associated metabolic balance, mitochondrial respiration, and substrate dependence. In both cell lines, we observed no effect on markers of mitochondrial function at subtoxic Mn exposures (below detectable levels of cell death), yet at supratoxic exposures (above detectable levels of cell death) mitochondrial function significantly declined. We validated these findings in primary striatal neurons. In cell lines, we further observed that subtoxic Mn concentrations do not affect glycolytic function or major intracellular metabolite quantities. These data suggest that in this system, Mn exposure impairs mitochondrial function only at concentrations coincident with or above the initiation of cell death and is not consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes or induces Mn cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Warren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Miles R Bryan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Keisha N Hardeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Li Y, Liu Z, Wang D, Gao H, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Luo Q, Jiang S, Zhang J, Yang X. Ucf-101 protects in vivoandin vitro models of PD against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 71:217-225. [PMID: 31883812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of α-syn which induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mediate various signaling pathways involved in DA neuronal degeneration, and the apoptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons are pathological markers of Parkinson's disease (PD). High-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the expression level of HtrA2 can be upregulated by drugs or by unfolded proteins. Ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of HtrA2, and studies have shown that Ucf-101 reduced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Our study showed that PC12 cells treated with 60 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h had significantly decreased cell viability compared to that of controls. A low concentration (2.5 μM) of Ucf-101 decreased the apoptosis rate of the PD cell model, but a high concentration (≥10 μM) increased the apoptosis rate, compared to that of controls. 6-OHDA upregulated the expression of HtrA2, α-syn, CHOP, Grp78 and active caspase-3 and reduced the levels of TH and XIAP. Ucf-101 reduced the level of ERS and apoptosis bothin vivoandin vitro. The ratio of p-GSK3β (Tyr216 to Ser9) increased in PD rats. However, Ucf-101 down-regulated the activation of GSK3β and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that was caused by 6-OHDA. Ucf-101 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity, which was related to the inhibition of ERS and the reduction of the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells and DA neurons in the midbrain of PD rats. Ucf-101 has certain neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical, University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of VIP, the first Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of VIP, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Tavakoli P, Ghaffarifar F, Delavari H, Shahpari N. Efficacy of manganese oxide (Mn 2O 3) nanoparticles against Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:162-168. [PMID: 31473559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentavalent antimonial compounds are the first drug of choice for leishmania infection, but have several side effects that cause some restriction for use. Extension of nanoparticle use in biological research and proven effectiveness of manganese nanoparticles on fungi and bacteria, along with the lack of information about its antileishmanial effects, have motivated this study. Manganese can induce cell apoptosis by increasing FOXO3a-Bim/PUMA mRNA activation and activating of caspase-3 pathway. METHODS This study was aimed to examine the efficacy of manganese oxide nanoparticles againstLeishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the antileishmanial activity of NPs, light microscopic observation was used to determine the number of remaining parasites in each well. The MTT test was used to determine the cytotoxicity effects of Mn2O3 NPs against L. major promastigotes and macrophage cells. The effect of nanoparticles on cultured amastigotes under in vitro conditions was also investigated. The possible apoptosis of L. major by Mn2O3 NPs was evaluated with flow cytometry assay. Additionally, the preventive and therapeutic effects of Mn2O3 NPs in BALB/c mice following cutaneous L. major infection was tested. The effect of Mn2O3 NPs on promastigotes and amastigotes were proven by MTT assay and amastigote assay, respectively. RESULTS The IC50 value of Mn2O3 NPs against L. major promastigotes and macrophages was 15 and 40 μg ml-1 respectively. The results of flow cytometry showed about 57% of the promastigotes were induced to apoptosis with Mn2O3 NPs. In in vivo studies, the size of the ulcers were significantly reduced, and the survival rate of the mice, in comparison with the control group, was increased. CONCLUSION Mn2O3 NPs has a beneficial effect on L. major promastigotes in vitro and in vivo and could be considered as a candidate for the treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Tavakoli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Delavari
- Nanomaterials Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Shahpari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Su XJ, Huang L, Qu Y, Mu D. Progress in research on the role of Omi/HtrA2 in neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:279-287. [PMID: 30205651 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Omi/HtrA2 is a serine protease present in the mitochondrial space. When stimulated by external signals, HtrA2 is released into the mitochondrial matrix where it regulates cell death through its interaction with apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Omi/HtrA2 is closely related to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, such as neurodegeneration and hypoxic ischemic brain damage. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics of Omi/HtrA2 and its role in neurological diseases, which will provide new hints in developing Omi/HtrA2 as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Juan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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Manganese induces neuroinflammation via NF-κB/ROS NLRP3 pathway in rat brain striatum and HAPI cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Porte Alcon S, Gorojod RM, Kotler ML. Regulated Necrosis Orchestrates Microglial Cell Death in Manganese-Induced Toxicity. Neuroscience 2018; 393:206-225. [PMID: 30316909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain resident immune cells, play prominent roles in immune surveillance, tissue repair and neural regeneration. Despite these pro-survival actions, the relevance of these cells in the progression of several neuropathologies has been established. In the context of manganese (Mn) overexposure, it has been proposed that microglial activation contributes to enhance the neurotoxicity. However, the occurrence of a direct cytotoxic effect of Mn on microglial cells remains controversial. In the present work, we investigated the potential vulnerability of immortalized mouse microglial cells (BV-2) toward Mn2+, focusing on the signaling pathways involved in cell death. Evidence obtained showed that Mn2+ induces a decrease in cell viability which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this report we demonstrated, for the first time, that Mn2+ triggers regulated necrosis (RN) in BV-2 cells involving two central mechanisms: parthanatos and lysosomal disruption. The occurrence of parthanatos is supported by several cellular and molecular events: (i) DNA damage; (ii) AIF translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus; (iii) mitochondrial membrane permeabilization; and (iv) PARP1-dependent cell death. On the other hand, Mn2+ induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D (CatD) release into the cytosol supporting the lysosomal disruption. Pre-incubation with CatB and D inhibitors partially prevented the Mn2+-induced cell viability decrease. Altogether these events point to lysosomes as players in the execution of RN. In summary, our results suggest that microglial cells could be direct targets of Mn2+ damage. In this scenario, Mn2+ triggers cell death involving RN pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Porte Alcon
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Mayra Gorojod
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lidia Kotler
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Heme Oxygenase-1 protects astroglia against manganese-induced oxidative injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:357-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Yin L, Dai Q, Jiang P, Zhu L, Dai H, Yao Z, Liu H, Ma X, Qu L, Jiang J. Manganese exposure facilitates microglial JAK2-STAT3 signaling and consequent secretion of TNF-a and IL-1β to promote neuronal death. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:195-203. [PMID: 28385490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure can lead to neuroinflammation and neurological deficit, which resemble idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying Mn exposure-induced neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood. Microglia can become hyperactivated and plays a vital role in neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. In the present study, we found that HAPI microglial cells exhibited increased secretion of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β following Mn exposure in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, we showed that Mn exposure could trigger the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in microglia. Notably, Mn-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly attenuated by the treatment of JAK2 inhibitor. Finally, through incubating PC12 neuronal cells with Mn-treated microglial conditioned medium, we demonstrated that Mn-induced secretion of microglial TNF-α and IL-1β facilitated neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we speculate that Mn exposure might trigger JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway in microglia, leading to resultant neuroinflammation and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Dai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Dai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxia Qu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haian County Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine of Hanlin College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Yang J, Lu C, Jiang S, Nie X, Han J, Yin L, Jiang J. Downregulation of Mfn2 participates in manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum and PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:40-51. [PMID: 28232070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a widely distributed trace element that is essential for normal brain function and development. However, chronic exposure to excessive Mn has been known to lead to neuronal loss and manganism, a disease with debilitating motor and cognitive deficits, whose clinical syndrome resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying Mn neurotoxicity remains largely unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal mitochondrial functionality is an early and causal event in Mn-induced neurodegeneration and apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a highly conserved dynamin-related protein (DRP), played a role in the regulation of Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. We revealed that Mfn2 was significantly dysregulated in rat striatum and PC12 neuronal-like cells following Mn exposure. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Mfn2 was remarkably decreased following different concentrations of Mn exposure. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed a remarkable downregulation of Mfn2 in rat striatum after Mn exposure. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Mfn2 was expressed predominantly in neurons, and neuronal loss of Mfn2 was associated with the expression of active caspase-3 following Mn exposure. Importantly, overexpression of Mfn2 apparently attenuated Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. Notably, treatment with caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CH could not rescue Mn-induced downregulation of Mfn2, suggesting that Mn-induced mfn2 occurs prior to neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that down-regulated expression of Mfn2 might contribute to the pathological processes underlying Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Yang
- Department of Public Health, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cardiac Specific Overexpression of Mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 Induces Myocardial Apoptosis and Cardiac Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37927. [PMID: 27924873 PMCID: PMC5141441 DOI: 10.1038/srep37927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial apoptosis is a significant problem underlying ischemic heart disease. We previously reported significantly elevated expression of cytoplasmic Omi/HtrA2, triggers cardiomyocytes apoptosis. However, whether increased Omi/HtrA2 within mitochondria itself influences myocardial survival in vivo is unknown. We aim to observe the effects of mitochondria-specific, not cytoplasmic, Omi/HtrA2 on myocardial apoptosis and cardiac function. Transgenic mice overexpressing cardiac-specific mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 were generated and they had increased myocardial apoptosis, decreased systolic and diastolic function, and decreased left ventricular remodeling. Transiently or stably overexpression of mitochondria Omi/HtrA2 in H9C2 cells enhance apoptosis as evidenced by elevated caspase-3, -9 activity and TUNEL staining, which was completely blocked by Ucf-101, a specific Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor. Mechanistic studies revealed mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 overexpression degraded the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein HAX-1, an effect attenuated by Ucf-101. Additionally, transfected cells overexpressing mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 were more sensitive to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) induced apoptosis. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor, blocked translocation of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondrial to cytoplasm, and protected transfected cells incompletely against H/R-induced caspase-3 activation. We report in vitro and in vivo overexpression of mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 induces cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction. Thus, strategies to directly inhibit Omi/HtrA2 or its cytosolic translocation from mitochondria may protect against heart injury.
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12
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Zhu Y, Li S, Teng X. The involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in manganese-induced apoptosis of chicken splenic lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:462-470. [PMID: 27035383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excess manganese (Mn)-induced cytotoxicity on apoptosis in chicken splenic lymphocytes. Chicken splenic lymphocytes were cultured in medium in the absence and presence of manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2) (2 × 10(-4), 4 × 10(-4), 6 × 10(-4), 8 × 10(-4), 10 × 10(-4), and 12 × 10(-4) mM), in N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (1 mM), and the combination of MnCl2 and NAC for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Tests were performed on morphologic observation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), p53, and calmodulin (CaM) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression, intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i), and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Our research indicated that excess Mn induced ROS and MDA content, inhibited Mn-SOD and GSH-Px activities, induced Bax and p53 mRNA expression, inhibited Bcl-2 and CaM mRNA expression, induced Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression, upregulated [Ca(2+)]i, inhibited ΔΨm, and induced apoptosis in a dose effect. NAC relieved excess Mn-caused the changes of all above factors. Mn-induced oxidative injuries were alleviated by treatment with NAC, an ROS scavenger. The above results demonstrated that excess Mn caused oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in chicken splenic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Mandel H, Saita S, Edvardson S, Jalas C, Shaag A, Goldsher D, Vlodavsky E, Langer T, Elpeleg O. Deficiency of HTRA2/Omi is associated with infantile neurodegeneration and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. J Med Genet 2016; 53:690-6. [PMID: 27208207 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell survival critically depends on the integrity of mitochondria, which play a pivotal role during apoptosis. Extensive mitochondrial damage promotes release of pro-apoptotic factors from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Released mitochondrial proteins include Smac/DIABLO and HTRA2/Omi, which inhibit the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase XIAP and other inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. AIMS Here we investigated the cause of extreme hypertonia at birth, alternating with hypotonia, with the subsequent appearance of extrapyramidal symptoms, lack of psychomotor development, microcephaly, intractable seizures and early death in four patients from two unrelated families. The patients showed lactic acidemia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, intermittent neutropenia, evolving brain atrophy and disturbed cristae structure in muscle mitochondria. METHODS AND RESULTS Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified missplicing mutation and a 5 bp deletion in HTRA2, encoding HTRA2/Omi. This protein was completely absent from the patients' fibroblasts, whose growth was impaired and which were hypersensitive to apoptosis. Expression of HtrA2/Omi or of the proteolytically inactive HTRA2/Omi protein restored the cells' apoptotic resistance. However, cell growth was only restored by the proteolytically active protein. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of recessive deleterious mutations in HTRA2 in human. The clinical phenotype, the increased apoptotic susceptibility and the impaired cell growth recapitulate those observed in the Htra2 knockout mice and in mutant mice with proteolytically inactive HTRA2/Omi. Together, they underscore the importance of both chaperone and proteolytic activities of HTRA2/Omi for balanced apoptosis sensitivity and for brain development. Absence of HTRA2/Omi is associated with severe neurodegenerative disorder of infancy, abnormal mitochondria, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria and increased sensitivity to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mandel
- Metabolic Unit, Rambam Health Care Center, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shotaro Saita
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Edvardson
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Bonei Olam, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Avraham Shaag
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorit Goldsher
- MRI Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth and Baruch Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Euvgeni Vlodavsky
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Ruth and Baruch Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas Langer
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Reigada D, Nieto-Díaz M, Navarro-Ruiz R, Caballero-López MJ, Del Águila A, Muñoz-Galdeano T, Maza RM. Acute administration of ucf-101 ameliorates the locomotor impairments induced by a traumatic spinal cord injury. Neuroscience 2015; 300:404-17. [PMID: 26004679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary death of neural cells plays a key role in the physiopathology and the functional consequences of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Pharmacological manipulation of cell death pathways leading to the preservation of neural cells is acknowledged as a main therapeutic goal in SCI. In the present work, we hypothesize that administration of the neuroprotective cell-permeable compound ucf-101 will reduce neural cell death during the secondary damage of SCI, increasing tissue preservation and reducing the functional deficits. To test this hypothesis, we treated mice with ucf-101 during the first week after a moderate contusive SCI. Our results reveal that ucf-101 administration protects neural cells from the deleterious secondary mechanisms triggered by the trauma, reducing the extension of tissue damage and improving motor function recovery. Our studies also suggest that the effects of ucf-101 may be mediated through the inhibition of HtrA2/OMI and the concomitant increase of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP, as well as the induction of ERK1/2 activation and/or expression. In vitro assays confirm the effects of ucf-101 on both pathways as well as on the reduction of caspase cascade activation and apoptotic cell death in a neuroblastoma cell line. These results suggest that ucf-101 can be a promising therapeutic tool for SCI that deserves more detailed analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reigada
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - M Nieto-Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - R Navarro-Ruiz
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - M J Caballero-López
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - A Del Águila
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - T Muñoz-Galdeano
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - R M Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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15
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Ma X, Han J, Wu Q, Liu H, Shi S, Wang C, Wang Y, Xiao J, Zhao J, Jiang J, Wan C. Involvement of dysregulated Wip1 in manganese-induced p53 signaling and neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:17-27. [PMID: 25791630 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to induce neuronal death and neurodegenerative symptoms. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Mn neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a Mn-exposed rat model and found that downregulation of wild type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) might contribute to p53 activation and resultant neuronal apoptosis following Mn exposure. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of Wip1 was markedly decreased following Mn exposure. In addition, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that Mn exposure led to significant reduction in the number of Wip1-positive neurons. Accordingly, the expression of Mdm2 was progressively decreased, which was accompanied with markedly increased expression of p53, as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xl. Furthermore, we showed that Mn exposure decreased the viability and induced apparent apoptosis in NFG-differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells. Importantly, the expression of Wip1 decreased progressively, whereas the level of cellular p53 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xl were elevated, which resembled the expression of the proteins in animal model studies. Depletion of p53 significantly ameliorated Mn-mediated cytotoxic effect in PC12 cells. In addition, ectopic expression of Wip1 attenuated Mn-induced p53 signaling as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells. Finally, we observed that depletion of Wip1 augmented Mn-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that downregulated Wip1 expression plays an important role in Mn-induced neuronal death in the brain striatum via the modulation of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ma
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhang Liu
- The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangshi Shi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueran Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China; The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China; The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Pivotal roles of p53 transcription-dependent and -independent pathways in manganese-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:294-302. [PMID: 25448048 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) has been known to lead to neuronal loss and a clinical syndrome resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). p53 plays an integral role in the development of various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of p53 in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits remains obscure. In the present study, we showed that p53 was critically involved in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum through both transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Western blot and immunohistochemistrical analyses revealed that p53 was remarkably upregulated in the striatum of rats following Mn exposure. Coincidentally, increased level of cleaved PARP, a hallmark of apoptosis, was observed. Furthermore, using nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells as a neuronal cell model, we showed that Mn exposure decreased cell viability and induced apparent apoptosis. Importantly, p53 was progressively upregulated, and accumulated in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic p53 had a remarkable distribution in mitochondria, suggesting an involvement of p53 mitochondrial translocation in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, Mn-induced impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) could be partially rescued by pretreatment with inhibitors of p53 transcriptional activity and p53 mitochondrial translocation, Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) and Pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ), respectively. Moreover, blockage of p53 activities with PFT-α and PFT-μ significantly attenuated Mn-induced reactive oxidative stress (ROS) generation and mitochondrial H₂O₂ production. Finally, we observed that pretreatment with PFT-α and PFT-μ ameliorated Mn-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Collectively, these findings implicate that p53 transcription-dependent and -independent pathways may play crucial roles in the regulation of Mn-induced neuronal death.
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17
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Melatonin Antagonizes Mn-Induced Oxidative Injury Through the Activation of Keap1–Nrf2–ARE Signaling Pathway in the Striatum of Mice. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:156-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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