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The Effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays on the Central Nervous System: From Negative to Unexpectedly Positive Effects That Astronauts May Encounter. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030400. [PMID: 36979092 PMCID: PMC10044754 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) pose a serious threat to astronauts’ health during deep space missions. The possible functional alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) under GCR exposure can be critical for mission success. Despite the obvious negative effects of ionizing radiation, a number of neutral or even positive effects of GCR irradiation on CNS functions were revealed in ground-based experiments with rodents and primates. This review is focused on the GCR exposure effects on emotional state and cognition, emphasizing positive effects and their potential mechanisms. We integrate these data with GCR effects on adult neurogenesis and pathological protein aggregation, forming a complete picture. We conclude that GCR exposure causes multidirectional effects on cognition, which may be associated with emotional state alterations. However, the irradiation in space-related doses either has no effect or has performance enhancing effects in solving high-level cognition tasks and tasks with a high level of motivation. We suppose the model of neurotransmission changes after irradiation, although the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully understood.
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Wang W, Di Nisio E, Licursi V, Cacci E, Lupo G, Kokaia Z, Galanti S, Degan P, D’Angelo S, Castagnola P, Tavella S, Negri R. Simulated Microgravity Modulates Focal Adhesion Gene Expression in Human Neural Stem Progenitor Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111827. [PMID: 36362982 PMCID: PMC9699612 DOI: 10.3390/life12111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the morphology and the transcriptomic changes of human neural stem progenitor cells (hNSPCs) grown on laminin in adherent culture conditions and subjected to simulated microgravity for different times in a random positioning machine apparatus. Low-cell-density cultures exposed to simulated microgravity for 24 h showed cell aggregate formation and significant modulation of several genes involved in focal adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation, and cell cycle control. These effects were much more limited in hNSPCs cultured at high density in the same conditions. We also found that some of the genes modulated upon exposure to simulated microgravity showed similar changes in hNSPCs grown without laminin in non-adherent culture conditions under normal gravity. These results suggest that reduced gravity counteracts the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix, inducing morphological and transcriptional changes that can be observed in low-density cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Di Nisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Galanti
- Excise, Custom and Monopolies Agency, ADM, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Tavella
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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3
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Markin PA, Moskaleva NE, Lebedeva SA, Kozin SV, Grigorevskikh EM, Kolik LG, Gudasheva TA, Appolonova SA. LC-MS/MS determination of GTS-201, a dipeptide mimetic of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotransmitter metabolites with application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Mammarella N, Gatti M, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, Di Domenico A, Palumbo R. The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081176. [PMID: 36013355 PMCID: PMC9410359 DOI: 10.3390/life12081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fighting stress-related effects during spaceflight is crucial for a successful mission. Emotional, motivational, and cognitive mechanisms have already been shown to be involved in the decrease of negative emotions. However, emerging evidence is pointing to a neurogenetic profile that may render some individuals more prone than others to focusing on positive information in memory and increasing affective health. The relevance for adaptation to the space environment and the interaction with other stressors such as ionizing radiations is discussed. In particular, to clarify this approach better, we will draw from the psychology and aging literature data. Subsequently, we report on studies on candidate genes for sensitivity to positive memories. We review work on the following candidate genes that may be crucial in adaptation mechanisms: ADRA2B, COMT, 5HTTLPR, CB1, and TOMM40. The final aim is to show how the study of genetics and cell biology of positive memory can help us to reveal the underlying bottom-up pathways to also increasing positive effects during a space mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
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Andreev-Andrievskiy A, Dolgov O, Alberts J, Popova A, Lagereva E, Anokhin K, Vinogradova O. Mice display learning and behavioral deficits after a 30-day spaceflight on Bion-M1 satellite. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113682. [PMID: 34843743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Profound effects of spaceflight on the physiology of humans and non-human animals are well-documented but incompletely explored. Current goals to undertake interplanetary missions increase the urgency to learn more about adaptation to prolonged spaceflight and readaptation to Earth-normal conditions, especially with the inclusion of radiation exposures greater than those confronted in traditional, orbital flights. The 30-day-long Bion M-1 biosatellite flight was conducted at a relatively high orbit, exposing the mice to greater doses of radiation in addition to microgravity, a combination of factors relevant to Mars missions. Results of the present studies with mice provide insights into the consequences on brain function of long-duration spaceflight. After landing, mice showed profound deficits in vestibular responses during aerial drop tests. Spaceflown mice displayed reduced grip strength, rotarod performance, and voluntary wheel running, each, which improved gradually but incompletely over the 7-days of post-flight testing. Continuous monitoring in the animals' home cage activity, in combination with open-field and other tests of motor performance, revealed indices of altered affect, expressed as hyperactivity, potentiated thigmotaxis, and avoidance of open areas which, together, presented a syndrome of persistent anxiety-like behavior. A learned, operant response acquired before spaceflight was retained, whereas the acquisition of a new task was impaired after the flight. We integrate these observations with other results from Bion-M1's program, identifying deficits in musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, as well as in the brain and spinal cord, including altered gene expression patterns and the accompanying neurochemical changes that could underlie our behavioral findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Andreev-Andrievskiy
- SSC RF Institute of biomedical problems, 76A Khoroshevskoe av, Moscow 123007, Russia; Biology faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie gory, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | - Oleg Dolgov
- NBICS center, NRC Kurchatov institute, 1 Academician Kurchatov sq., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Alberts
- Indiana University, 107 S. Indiana Avenue Bloomington, IN 47405-7000, USA
| | - Anfisa Popova
- SSC RF Institute of biomedical problems, 76A Khoroshevskoe av, Moscow 123007, Russia
| | - Evgeniia Lagereva
- SSC RF Institute of biomedical problems, 76A Khoroshevskoe av, Moscow 123007, Russia
| | - Konstantin Anokhin
- NBICS center, NRC Kurchatov institute, 1 Academician Kurchatov sq., Moscow 123182, Russia; Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 11/4, Mohovaya str., Moscow 103009, Russia
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- SSC RF Institute of biomedical problems, 76A Khoroshevskoe av, Moscow 123007, Russia
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Wang X, Hu Z, Zhong K. The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Epileptogenesis: an Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758232. [PMID: 34899313 PMCID: PMC8661413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, which is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, is one of the most common and serious chronic neurological diseases in the world. 30% patients failed to control seizures with multiple anti-seizure epileptic drugs, leading to serious outcomes. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is very complex and remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as a member of the neurotrophic factor family, is considered to play an important role in the survival, growth and differentiation of neurons during the development of the central nervous system. Recent years, a series of studies have reported that BDNF can maintain the function of the nervous system and promotes the regeneration of neurons after injury, which is believed to be closely related to epileptogenesis. However, two controversial views (BDNF inhibits or promotes epileptogenesis) still exist. Thus, this mini-review focuses on updating the new evidence of the role of BDNF in epileptogenesis and discussing the possibility of BDNF as an underlying target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Mhatre SD, Iyer J, Puukila S, Paul AM, Tahimic CGT, Rubinstein L, Lowe M, Alwood JS, Sowa MB, Bhattacharya S, Globus RK, Ronca AE. Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:908-935. [PMID: 34767877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As human space exploration advances to establish a permanent presence beyond the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with NASA's Artemis mission, researchers are striving to understand and address the health challenges of living and working in the spaceflight environment. Exposure to ionizing radiation, microgravity, isolation and other spaceflight hazards pose significant risks to astronauts. Determining neurobiological and neurobehavioral responses, understanding physiological responses under Central Nervous System (CNS) control, and identifying putative mechanisms to inform countermeasure development are critically important to ensuring brain and behavioral health of crew on long duration missions. Here we provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the effects of spaceflight and of ground-based spaceflight analogs, including simulated weightlessness, social isolation, and ionizing radiation on humans and animals. Further, we discuss dietary and non-dietary countermeasures including artificial gravity and antioxidants, among others. Significant future work is needed to ensure that neural, sensorimotor, cognitive and other physiological functions are maintained during extended deep space missions to avoid potentially catastrophic health and safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhita D Mhatre
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; COSMIAC Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Janani Iyer
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Stephanie Puukila
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amber M Paul
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Linda Rubinstein
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Marianne B Sowa
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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8
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Berezovskaya AS, Tyganov SA, Nikolaeva SD, Naumova AA, Merkulyeva NS, Shenkman BS, Glazova MV. Dynamic Foot Stimulations During Short-Term Hindlimb Unloading Prevent Dysregulation of the Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus of Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1549-1561. [PMID: 32683580 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight and simulated microgravity both affect learning and memory, which are mostly controlled by the hippocampus. However, data about molecular alterations in the hippocampus in real or simulated microgravity conditions are limited. Adult Wistar rats were recruited in the experiments. Here we analyzed whether short-term simulated microgravity caused by 3-day hindlimb unloading (HU) will affect the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems of the hippocampus and how dynamic foot stimulation (DFS) to the plantar surface applied during HU can contribute in the regulation of hippocampus functioning. The results demonstrated a decreased expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1/2) in the hippocampus after 3 days of HU, while glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression was not affected. HU also significantly induced Akt signaling and transcriptional factor CREB that are supposed to activate the neuroprotective mechanisms. On the other hand, DFS led to normalization of VGLUT1/2 expression and activity of Akt and CREB. Analysis of exocytosis proteins revealed the inhibition of SNAP-25, VAMP-2, and syntaxin 1 expression in DFS group proposing attenuation of excitatory neurotransmission. Thus, we revealed that short-term HU causes dysregulation of glutamatergic system of the hippocampus, but, at the same time, stimulates neuroprotective Akt-dependent mechanism. In addition, most importantly, we demonstrated positive effect of DFS on the hippocampus functioning that probably depends on the regulation of neurotransmitter exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Berezovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Tyganov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana D Nikolaeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Naumova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia S Merkulyeva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita V Glazova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia.
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Prasad B, Grimm D, Strauch SM, Erzinger GS, Corydon TJ, Lebert M, Magnusson NE, Infanger M, Richter P, Krüger M. Influence of Microgravity on Apoptosis in Cells, Tissues, and Other Systems In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9373. [PMID: 33317046 PMCID: PMC7764784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All life forms have evolved under the constant force of gravity on Earth and developed ways to counterbalance acceleration load. In space, shear forces, buoyance-driven convection, and hydrostatic pressure are nullified or strongly reduced. When subjected to microgravity in space, the equilibrium between cell architecture and the external force is disturbed, resulting in changes at the cellular and sub-cellular levels (e.g., cytoskeleton, signal transduction, membrane permeability, etc.). Cosmic radiation also poses great health risks to astronauts because it has high linear energy transfer values that evoke complex DNA and other cellular damage. Space environmental conditions have been shown to influence apoptosis in various cell types. Apoptosis has important functions in morphogenesis, organ development, and wound healing. This review provides an overview of microgravity research platforms and apoptosis. The sections summarize the current knowledge of the impact of microgravity and cosmic radiation on cells with respect to apoptosis. Apoptosis-related microgravity experiments conducted with different mammalian model systems are presented. Recent findings in cells of the immune system, cardiovascular system, brain, eyes, cartilage, bone, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas, as well as cancer cells investigated under real and simulated microgravity conditions, are discussed. This comprehensive review indicates the potential of the space environment in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Prasad
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (D.G.); (T.J.C.)
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.I.); (M.K.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Strauch
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil; (S.M.S.); (G.S.E.)
| | - Gilmar Sidnei Erzinger
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil; (S.M.S.); (G.S.E.)
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (D.G.); (T.J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael Lebert
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.P.); (M.L.)
- Space Biology Unlimited SAS, 24 Cours de l’Intendance, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nils E. Magnusson
- Diabetes and Hormone Diseases, Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.I.); (M.K.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Richter
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.I.); (M.K.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Pan Z, Yin H, Wang S, Xiong G, Yin Z. Bcl-xL expression following articular cartilage injury and its effects on the biological function of chondrocytes. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:571-579. [PMID: 33304230 PMCID: PMC7708954 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) in cartilage tissues following articular cartilage injury and to determine its effects on the biological function of chondrocytes. A total of 25 necrotic cartilage tissue samples and 25 normal tissue samples were collected from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis at our hospital from December 2015 to December 2018. The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-xL, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the normal and necrotic tissues were examined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their protein expression levels were detected via western blotting. The expression levels of Bcl-xL, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) were significantly lower but those of caspase-3, MMP-3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) levels were markedly higher in necrotic cartilage tissues than in normal tissues. Following cell transfection, the expression levels of Bcl-xL, IGF-1, and BMP were remarkably higher but those of caspase-3, MMP-3, IL-1β, and CKLF1 were notably lower in the Si-Bcl-xL group than in the NC group. The Si-Bcl-xL group showed significantly lower cell growth and noticeably higher apoptosis rate than the NC group (normal control group). The expression of Bcl-xL is reduced following articular cartilage injury, and this reduction promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Therefore, Bcl-xL could serve as a relevant molecular target in the clinical practice of osteoarthritis and other diseases causing cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Pan
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of HefeiHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Hao Yin
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of HefeiHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Shuangli Wang
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of HefeiHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Gaoxin Xiong
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of HefeiHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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11
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Popova NK, Kulikov AV, Naumenko VS. Spaceflight and brain plasticity: Spaceflight effects on regional expression of neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors encoding genes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:396-405. [PMID: 33086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical problem of space exploration is the effect of long-term space travel on brain functioning. Current information concerning the effects of actual spaceflight on the brain was obtained on rats and mice flown on five missions of Soviet/Russian biosatellites, NASA Neurolab Mission STS90, and International Space Station (ISS). The review provides converging lines of evidence that: 1) long-term spaceflight affects both principle regulators of brain neuroplasticity - neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) and neurotrophic factors (CDNF, GDNF but not BDNF); 2) 5-HT- (5-HT2A receptor and MAO A) and especially DA-related genes (TH, MAO A, COMT, D1 receptor, CDNF and GDNF) belong to the risk neurogenes; 3) brain response to spaceflight is region-specific. Substantia nigra, striatum and hypothalamus are highly sensitive to the long-term spaceflight: in these brain areas spaceflight decreased the expression of both DA-related and neurotrophic factors genes. Since DA system is involved in the regulation of movement and cognition the data discussed in the review could explain dysfunction of locomotion and behavior of astronauts and direct further investigations to the DA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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12
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Fang YC, Chan L, Liou JP, Tu YK, Lai MJ, Chen CI, Vidyanti AN, Lee HY, Hu CJ. HDAC inhibitor protects chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation injuries via H3K14 and H4K5 acetylation-mediated BDNF expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6966-6977. [PMID: 32374084 PMCID: PMC7299713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia, but the treatment is still lacking. Although many studies have reported that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) confer protective effects against ischemic and hypoxic injuries, their role in VaD is still uncertain. Previous studies shown, one HDACi protected against cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we tested several 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[b,f]azepine hydroxamates, which act as HDACis in the CCH model (in vivo), and SH‐SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) with oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD, in vitro). We identified a compound 13, which exhibited the best cell viability under OGD. The compound 13 could increase, in part, the protein levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It increased acetylation status on lysine 14 residue of histone 3 (H3K14) and lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5). We further clarified which promoters (I, II, III, IV or IX) could be affected by histone acetylation altered by compound 13. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and Q‐PCR analysis indicate that an increase in H3K14 acetylation leads to an increase in the expression of BDNF promoter II, while an increase in H4K5 acetylation results in an increase in the activity of BDNF promoter II and III. Afterwards, these cause an increase in the expression of BDNF exon II, III and coding exon IX. In summary, the HDACi compound 13 may increase BDNF specific isoforms expression to rescue the ischemic and hypoxic injuries through changes of acetylation on histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Fang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kwang Tu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-I Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amelia Nur Vidyanti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Reptiles in Space Missions: Results and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123019. [PMID: 31226840 PMCID: PMC6627973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptiles are a rare model object for space research. However, some reptile species demonstrate effective adaptation to spaceflight conditions. The main scope of this review is a comparative analysis of reptile experimental exposure in weightlessness, demonstrating the advantages and shortcomings of this model. The description of the known reptile experiments using turtles and geckos in the space and parabolic flight experiments is provided. Behavior, skeletal bones (morphology, histology, and X-ray microtomography), internal organs, and the nervous system (morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry) are studied in the spaceflight experiments to date, while molecular and physiological results are restricted. Therefore, the results are discussed in the scope of molecular data collected from mammalian (mainly rodents) specimens and cell cultures in the parabolic and orbital flights and simulated microgravity. The published data are compared with the results of the gecko model studies after the 12–44.5-day spaceflights with special reference to the unique peculiarities of the gecko model for the orbital experiments. The complex study of thick-toed geckos after three spaceflights, in which all geckos survived and demonstrated effective adaptation to spaceflight conditions, was performed. However, future investigations are needed to study molecular mechanisms of gecko adaptation in space.
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14
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Guo HZ, Niu LT, Qiang WT, Chen J, Wang J, Yang H, Zhang W, Zhu J, Yu SH. Leukemic IL-17RB signaling regulates leukemic survival and chemoresistance. FASEB J 2019; 33:9565-9576. [PMID: 31136196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins provide crucial signals that have been implicated in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the bone marrow microenvironment. Here we identify aberrant expressions of inflammatory IL-17B and its receptor (IL-17RB) in human and mouse mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged AML cells, which were further increased after exposure to chemotherapy. Interestingly, silencing of IL-17B or IL-17RB led to significant suppression of leukemic cell survival and disease progression in vivo. Moreover, the IL-17B-IL-17RB axis protected leukemic cells from chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptotic effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17B promoted AML cell survival by enhancing ERK, NF-κB phosphorylation, and the expression of antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2, which were reversed by small-molecule inhibitors. Thus, the inhibition of the IL-17B-IL-17RB axis may be a valid strategy to enhance sensitivity and therapeutic benefit of AML chemotherapy.-Guo, H.-Z., Niu, L.-T., Qiang, W.-T., Chen, J., Wang, J., Yang, H., Zhang, W., Zhu, J., Yu, S.-H. Leukemic IL-17RB signaling regulates leukemic survival and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Zhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ting Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-He Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Popova NK, Naumenko VS. Neuronal and behavioral plasticity: the role of serotonin and BDNF systems tandem. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:227-239. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1572747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina K. Popova
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Naumenko
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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16
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Nutritional Regulators of Bcl-xL in the Brain. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113019. [PMID: 30463183 PMCID: PMC6278276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein found in the mitochondrial membrane. Bcl-xL is reported to support normal brain development and protects neurons against toxic stimulation during pathological process via its roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions. Despite promising evidence showing neuroprotective properties of Bcl-xL, commonly applied molecular approaches such as genetic manipulation may not be readily applicable for human subjects. Therefore, findings at the bench may be slow to be translated into treatments for disease. Currently, there is no FDA approved application that specifically targets Bcl-xL and treats brain-associated pathology in humans. In this review, we will discuss naturally occurring nutrients that may exhibit regulatory effects on Bcl-xL expression or activity, thus potentially providing affordable, readily-applicable, easy, and safe strategies to protect the brain.
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17
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Nagahisa H, Miyata H. Influence of hypoxic stimulation on angiogenesis and satellite cells in mouse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207040. [PMID: 30408093 PMCID: PMC6224099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We clarified in our previous study that hypoxic training promotes angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, but the mechanism of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of differences in hypoxia exposure on angiogenesis in skeletal muscles at differing ages and metabolic characteristics at which the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide may differ. Ten-week-old (young) and 20-month-old (old) mice were separated into control (N), continuous hypoxia (H), and intermittent hypoxia (IH) groups. The H group was exposed to 16% O2 hypoxia for 5 days and the IH group was exposed to 16% O2 hypoxia at one-hour intervals during the light period for 5 days. After completion of hypoxia exposure, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were immediately excised, and mRNA expression of angiogenesis- and satellite cell-related genes was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. In addition, muscle fiber type composition, muscle fiber area, number of satellite cells, and capillary density were measured immunohistochemically. In the young soleus muscle, the muscle fiber area was decreased in the H group, and mRNA expression of satellite cell activation-related MyoD, MHCe, and BDNF was significantly increased. On the other hand, in the old soleus muscle, nNOS and VEGF-A mRNA expression, and the capillary density were significantly increased in the H group. In the superficial portion of the gastrocnemius, mRNA expression of FGF2, an angiogenic factor secreted by satellite cells, was significantly increased in the young IH group. In addition, a positive correlation between VEGF-A mRNA expression and nNOS mRNA expression in the soleus muscle and eNOS mRNA expression in the superficial portion of the gastrocnemius was noted. These data demonstrated that age, hypoxia exposure method and muscle metabolic characteristics are related, which results in significant differences in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagahisa
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyata
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Dong W, Xu D, Hu Z, He X, Guo Z, Jiao Z, Yu Y, Wang H. Low-functional programming of the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway mediates cognitive impairment in male offspring after prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Protective effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ against iron ion 56Fe radiation induced brain injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:1-7. [PMID: 29317239 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to iron ion 56Fe radiation (IR) during space missions poses a significant risk to the central nervous system and radiation exposure is intimately linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that has been shown to decrease oxidative damage and lower mitochondrial ROS in a number of animal models. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate role of the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant MitoQ against 56Fe particle irradiation-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction in the mouse brains. Increased ROS levels were observed in mouse brains after IR compared with the control group. Enhanced ROS production leads to disruption of cellular antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial respiration dysfunction, altered mitochondria dynamics and increased release of cytochrome c (cyto c) from mitochondria into cytosol resulting in apoptotic cell death. MitoQ reduced IR-induced oxidative stress (decreased ROS production and increased SOD, CAT activities) with decreased lipid peroxidation as well as reduced protein and DNA oxidation. MitoQ also protected mitochondrial respiration after IR. In addition, MitoQ increased the expression of mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy gene1 (OPA1), and decreased the expression of dynamic-like protein (Drp1). MitoQ also suppressed mitochondrial DNA damage, cyto c release, and caspase-3 activity in IR-treated mice compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that MitoQ may protect against IR-induced brain injury.
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20
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Huang W, Chen C, Liu X. Hindlimb suspension-induced cell apoptosis in the posterior parietal cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus: corresponding changes in c-Fos protein and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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MicroRNA-211/BDNF axis regulates LPS-induced proliferation of normal human astrocyte through PI3K/AKT pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170755. [PMID: 28790168 PMCID: PMC5563540 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) makes a major contribution to disability and deaths worldwide. Reactive astrogliosis, a typical feature after SCI, which undergoes varying molecular and morphological changes, is ubiquitous but poorly understood. Reactive astrogliosis contributes to glial scar formation that impedes axonal regeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-established neurotrophic factor, exerts neuroprotective and growth-promoting effects on a variety of neuronal populations after injury. In the present study, by using LPS-induced in vitro injury model of astroglial cultures, we observed a high expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and BDNF in LPS-stimulated normal human astrocytes (NHAs). BDNF significantly promoted NHA proliferation. Further, online tools were employed to screen the candidate miRNAs which might directly target BDNF to inhibit its expression. Amongst the candidate miRNAs, miR-211 expression was down-regulated by LPS stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Through direct targetting, miR-211 inhibited BDNF expression. Ectopic miR-211 expression significantly suppressed NHA proliferation, as well as LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. In contrast, inhibition of miR-211 expression significantly promoted NHA proliferation and LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, miR-211/BDNF axis regulates LPS-induced NHA proliferation through PI3K/AKT pathway; miR-211/BDNF might serve as a promising target in the strategy against reactive astrocyte proliferation after SCI.
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22
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Ishikawa C, Li H, Ogura R, Yoshimura Y, Kudo T, Shirakawa M, Shiba D, Takahashi S, Morita H, Shiga T. Effects of gravity changes on gene expression of BDNF and serotonin receptors in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177833. [PMID: 28591153 PMCID: PMC5462371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight entails various stressful environmental factors including microgravity. The effects of gravity changes have been studied extensively on skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, immune and vestibular systems, but those on the nervous system are not well studied. The alteration of gravity in ground-based animal experiments is one of the approaches taken to address this issue. Here we investigated the effects of centrifugation-induced gravity changes on gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) in the mouse brain. Exposure to 2g hypergravity for 14 days showed differential modulation of gene expression depending on regions of the brain. BDNF expression was decreased in the ventral hippocampus and hypothalamus, whereas increased in the cerebellum. 5-HT1BR expression was decreased in the cerebellum, whereas increased in the ventral hippocampus and caudate putamen. In contrast, hypergravity did not affect gene expression of 5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT2CR, 5-HT4R and 5-HT7R. In addition to hypergravity, decelerating gravity change from 2g hypergravity to 1g normal gravity affected gene expression of BDNF, 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR, and 5-HT2AR in various regions of the brain. We also examined involvement of the vestibular organ in the effects of hypergravity. Surgical lesions of the inner ear's vestibular organ removed the effects induced by hypergravity on gene expression, which suggests that the effects of hypergravity are mediated through the vestibular organ. In summary, we showed that gravity changes induced differential modulation of gene expression of BDNF and 5-HTRs (5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR and 5-HT2AR) in some brain regions. The modulation of gene expression may constitute molecular bases that underlie behavioral alteration induced by gravity changes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiology
- Brain Mapping
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gravitation
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Space Flight
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/metabolism
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rin Ogura
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Shirakawa
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiga
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Popova NK, Ilchibaeva TV, Naumenko VS. Neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and the serotonergic system of the brain. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:308-317. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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The effect of long-term hindlimb unloading on the expression of risk neurogenes encoding elements of serotonin-, dopaminergic systems and apoptosis; comparison with the effect of actual spaceflight on mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 2017; 640:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Nishijima T, Kamidozono Y, Ishiizumi A, Amemiya S, Kita I. Negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R347-R357. [PMID: 28052868 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00397.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve brain function, but the effects of exercise cessation are largely unknown. This study examined the time-course profile of hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a control (Con) or an exercise cessation (ExC) group. Mice in the ExC group were reared in a cage with a running wheel for 8 wk and subsequently placed in a standard cage to cease the exercise. Exercise resulted in a significant increase in the density of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (at week 0). Following exercise cessation, the density of DCX-positive neurons gradually decreased and was significantly lower than that in the Con group at 5 and 8 wk after cessation, indicating that exercise cessation leads to a negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests that the negative rebound in neurogenesis is caused by diminished cell survival, not by suppression of cell proliferation and neural maturation. Neither elevated expression of ΔFosB, a transcription factor involved in neurogenesis regulation, nor increased plasma corticosterone, were involved in the negative neurogenesis rebound. Importantly, exercise cessation suppressed ambulatory activity, and a significant correlation between change in activity and DCX-positive neuron density suggested that the decrease in activity is involved in neurogenesis impairment. Forced treadmill running following exercise cessation failed to prevent the negative neurogenesis rebound. This study indicates that cessation of exercise or a decrease in physical activity is associated with an increased risk for impaired hippocampal function, which might increase vulnerability to stress-induced mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kamidozono
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishiizumi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Amemiya
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang T, Chen H, Lv K, Ji G, Liang F, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Cao H, Kan G, Xiong J, Li Y, Qu L. Activation of HIF-1α and its downstream targets in rat hippocampus after long-term simulated microgravity exposure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 485:591-597. [PMID: 27988334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity has many detrimental impact on brain functions, however the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In present study, 28 days of tail-suspension (30°) was used to simulate microgravity in rats. We showed that oxidative stress in hippocampus was increased after 28 days of simulated microgravity in consideration of the decreased expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the declined activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), CuZn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Using RNA-seq, we further investigated the effect of simulated microgravity on the expression of genes in hippocampus, and 849 genes were found to be differentially expressed. According to pathway analysis, the differentially expressed genes involved in cytoskeleton, metabolism, immunity, transcription regulation, etc. It is interesting to note that the differentially expressed genes were involved in hypoxia-associated pathway. In agreement with this, the expression of hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis, was significantly increased. Meanwhile, HIF-2α, a HIF-1α paralog, was elevated compared with the control group. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), three well-defined downstream targets of HIF-1α, were up-regulated in hippocampus after 28 days of simulated microgravity exposure. Additionally, brain oxygen saturation (SO2) and blood flow analyzed by the tissue oxygen analysis system were also significantly reduced. These findings indicate that simulated microgravity might cause an alteration in oxygen homeostasis, providing novel insight into better understanding of how simulated microgravity affects the function of hippocampus and a new direction to the development of countermeasure for brain dysfunction during spaceflight (actual microgravity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China; Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shamiao Road 4#, Pingdi Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518117, China
| | - Ke Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianghui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
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Kokhan VS, Matveeva MI, Bazyan AS, Kudrin VS, Mukhametov A, Shtemberg AS. Combined effects of antiorthostatic suspension and ionizing radiation on the behaviour and neurotransmitters changes in different brain structures of rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:473-483. [PMID: 27776994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Space flight factors (SFF) significantly affect the operating activity of astronauts during deep space missions. In contrast to an orbital flight, leaving the Earth's magnetic field is fraught with the dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation and more specifically, the high-energy nuclei component of galactic cosmic rays. Microgravity, just another critical non-radiation factor, significantly affects the normal functioning of the CNS. Some morphological structures of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, that are rich in monoaminergic and acetylcholinergic neurones, are the most sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation and non-radiation spaceflight factors (SFF). In this work we have studied the combined effects of microgravity (in antiorthostatic suspension model, AS) and irradiation (γ-ray and protons in spread-out Bragg peak) on the behaviour, cognitive abilities, and metabolism of monoamines and acetylcholine in the key structures of the rat's brain. Irradiation (as independently as combined with AS) resulted in the decrease of thigmotaxis in rats. Learning problems, caused by the malfunctioning of the working memory but not the spatial memory, were observed in response to AS as well as to the SFF in combination. Analysis of monoamines metabolism showed that the serotoninergic system was the most affected by the SFF. Concentration of acetylcholine in the hippocampus significantly increased in the groups of irradiated rats, and in the groups which were exposed to the SFF in combination, compared to the rats exposed only to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kokhan
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M I Matveeva
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Bazyan
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kudrin
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Mukhametov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - A S Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Lin SC, Gou GH, Hsia CW, Ho CW, Huang KL, Wu YF, Lee SY, Chen YH. Simulated Microgravity Disrupts Cytoskeleton Organization and Increases Apoptosis of Rat Neural Crest Stem Cells Via Upregulating CXCR4 Expression and RhoA-ROCK1-p38 MAPK-p53 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1172-93. [PMID: 27269634 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a population of multipotent stem cells that are distributed broadly in many tissues and organs and are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types that are dispersed throughout three germ layers. We are interested in studying the effects of simulated microgravity on the survival and self-renewal of NCSCs. NCSCs extracted from the hair follicle bulge region of the rat whisker pad were cultured in vitro, respectively, in a 2D adherent environment and a 3D suspension environment using the rotatory cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity. We found that rat NCSCs (rNCSCs) cultured in the RCCS for 24 h showed disrupted organization of filamentous actin, increased globular actin level, formation of plasma membrane blebbing and neurite-like artifact, as well as decreased levels of cortactin and vimentin. Interestingly, ∼70% of RCCS-cultured rNCSCs co-expressed cleaved (active) caspase-3 and neuronal markers microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and Tuj1 instead of NCSC markers, suggesting stress-induced formation of neurite-like artifact in rNCSCs. In addition, rNCSCs showed increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression, RhoA GTPase activation, Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and p53 expression in the nucleus. Incubation of rNCSCs with the Gα protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or CXCR4 siRNA during RCCS-culturing prevented cytoskeleton disorganization and plasma membrane blebbing, and it suppressed apoptosis of rNCSCs. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that simulated microgravity disrupts cytoskeleton organization and increases apoptosis of rNCSCs via upregulating CXCR4 expression and the RhoA-ROCK1-p38 MAPK-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chen Lin
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Hau Gou
- 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wu Hsia
- 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Ho
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan .,3 Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital , Longtan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan .,4 Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- 5 Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
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29
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王 虎, 高 震, 陈 梦, 吴 海, 张 桂, 展 淑, 卜 宁, 刘 璟, 翟 跃. [Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in different brain regions of aging rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2016; 37:551-554. [PMID: 28446413 PMCID: PMC6744085 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions of aging rats. METHODS Forty male SD rats were randomized equally into negative control group, D-galactose group, EPO treatment group, and positive control group. Rat models of subacute aging were established by continuous subcutaneous injection of 5% D-galactose. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the variation of BDNF expressions in different brain regions of the aging rats with different treatments. RESULTS Significant brain region-specific differences in BDNF expression were found among the rats in different groups. Compared with those in the negative control group, the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, dentate gyrus (DG) and frontal cortex were all decreased obviously in D-galactose group (P<0.05) but increased in both EPO group and the positive control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the latter two groups. In the rats in the same group, the number of BDNF-positive cells varied markedly in different brain regions (P<0.05), and the expression level of BDNF was the highest in the frontal cortex followed by the hippocampal CA3 region and the dentate gyrus, and was the lowest in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION Treatment with rhEPO enhances the expression of BDNF in rat neural cells, suggesting that rhEPO may protect the nervous system from aging by regulating the BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 虎清 王
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 震 高
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 梦燚 陈
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 海琴 吴
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 桂莲 张
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 淑琴 展
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 宁 卜
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 璟洁 刘
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 跃芬 翟
- />西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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30
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Adami R, Bottai D. Movement impairment: Focus on the brain. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:310-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
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31
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Gao Y, Li S, Xu D, Wang J, Sun Y. Changes in apoptotic microRNA and mRNA expression profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans during the Shenzhou-8 mission. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:872-82. [PMID: 26286471 PMCID: PMC4628221 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation and microgravity exposure have been proven to induce abnormal apoptosis in microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression, but whether space conditions, including radiation and microgravity, activate miRNAs to regulate the apoptosis is undetermined. For that purpose, we investigated miRNome and mRNA expression in the ced-1 Caenorhabditis elegans mutant vs the wild-type, both of which underwent spaceflight, spaceflight 1g-centrifuge control and ground control conditions during the Shenzhou-8 mission. Results showed that no morphological changes in the worms were detected, but differential miRNA expression increased from 43 (ground control condition) to 57 and 91 in spaceflight and spaceflight control conditions, respectively. Microgravity altered miRNA expression profiling by decreasing the number and significance of differentially expressed miRNA compared with 1 g incubation during spaceflight. Alterations in the miRNAs were involved in alterations in apoptosis, neurogenesis larval development, ATP metabolism and GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Among these, 17 altered miRNAs potentially involved in apoptosis were screened and showed obviously different expression signatures between space conditions. By integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA, miR-797 and miR-81 may be involved in apoptosis by targeting the genes ced-10 and both drp-1 and hsp-1, respectively. Compared with ground condition, space conditions regulated apoptosis though a different manner on transcription, by altering expression of seven core apoptotic genes in spaceflight condition, and eight in spaceflight control condition. Results indicate that, miRNA of Caenorhabditis elegans probably regulates apoptotic gene expression in response to space environmental stress, and shows different behavior under microgravity condition compared with 1 g condition in the presence of space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
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Murata Y, Yasuda T, Watanabe-Asaka T, Oda S, Mantoku A, Takeyama K, Chatani M, Kudo A, Uchida S, Suzuki H, Tanigaki F, Shirakawa M, Fujisawa K, Hamamoto Y, Terai S, Mitani H. Histological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Japanese Medaka Sampled Onboard the International Space Station. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138799. [PMID: 26427061 PMCID: PMC4591011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how humans adapt to the space environment, many experiments can be conducted on astronauts as they work aboard the Space Shuttle or the International Space Station (ISS). We also need animal experiments that can apply to human models and help prevent or solve the health issues we face in space travel. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a suitable model fish for studying space adaptation as evidenced by adults of the species having mated successfully in space during 15 days of flight during the second International Microgravity Laboratory mission in 1994. The eggs laid by the fish developed normally and hatched as juveniles in space. In 2012, another space experiment (“Medaka Osteoclast”) was conducted. Six-week-old male and female Japanese medaka (Cab strain osteoblast transgenic fish) were maintained in the Aquatic Habitat system for two months in the ISS. Fish of the same strain and age were used as the ground controls. Six fish were fixed with paraformaldehyde or kept in RNA stabilization reagent (n = 4) and dissected for tissue sampling after being returned to the ground, so that several principal investigators working on the project could share samples. Histology indicated no significant changes except in the ovary. However, the RNA-seq analysis of 5345 genes from six tissues revealed highly tissue-specific space responsiveness after a two-month stay in the ISS. Similar responsiveness was observed among the brain and eye, ovary and testis, and the liver and intestine. Among these six tissues, the intestine showed the highest space response with 10 genes categorized as oxidation–reduction processes (gene ontogeny term GO:0055114), and the expression levels of choriogenin precursor genes were suppressed in the ovary. Eleven genes including klf9, klf13, odc1, hsp70 and hif3a were upregulated in more than four of the tissues examined, thus suggesting common immunoregulatory and stress responses during space adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Murata
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Mantoku
- Department of Biological Information, Graduated School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeyama
- Department of Biological Information, Graduated School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Biological Information, Graduated School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information, Graduated School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail: (HM); (ST)
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (HM); (ST)
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Tsybko A, Ilchibaeva T, Kulikov A, Kulikova E, Krasnov I, Sychev V, Shenkman B, Popova N, Naumenko V. Effect of microgravity on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor gene expression in the mouse brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1399-404. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Tsybko
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - T.V. Ilchibaeva
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - A.V. Kulikov
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Physiology; Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - E.A. Kulikova
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - I.B. Krasnov
- Department of Biological Human Life Support Systems; Institute of Biomedical Problems; Moscow Russia
| | - V.N. Sychev
- Department of Biological Human Life Support Systems; Institute of Biomedical Problems; Moscow Russia
| | - B.S. Shenkman
- Department of Myology; Institute of Biomedical Problems; Moscow Russia
| | - N.K. Popova
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Physiology; Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - V.S. Naumenko
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics; Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Physiology; Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russia
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