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Zhou M, Chen J, Huang R, Xin H, Ma X, Li L, Deng F, Zhang Z, Li MD. Circadian signatures of anterior hypothalamus in time-restricted feeding. F1000Res 2022; 11:1087. [PMID: 36531263 PMCID: PMC9727316 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125368.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meal timing resets circadian clocks in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, in seven days without affecting the phase of the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Anterior hypothalamus plays an essential role in energy metabolism, circadian rhythm, and stress response. However, it remains to be elucidated whether and how anterior hypothalamus adapts its circadian rhythms to meal timing. Methods: Here, we applied transcriptomics to profile rhythmic transcripts in the anterior hypothalamus of nocturnal female mice subjected to day- (DRF) or night (NRF)-time restricted feeding for seven days. Results: This global profiling identified 128 and 3,518 rhythmic transcripts in DRF and NRF, respectively. NRF entrained diurnal rhythms among 990 biological processes, including 'Electron transport chain' and 'Hippo signaling' that reached peak time in the late sleep and late active phase, respectively. By contrast, DRF entrained only 20 rhythmic pathways, including 'Cellular amino acid catabolic process', all of which were restricted to the late active phase. The rhythmic transcripts found in both DRF and NRF tissues were largely resistant to phase entrainment by meal timing, which were matched to the action of the circadian clock. Remarkably, DRF for 36 days partially reversed the circadian clock compared to NRF. Conclusions: Collectively, our work generates a useful dataset to explore anterior hypothalamic circadian biology and sheds light on potential rhythmic processes influenced by meal timing in the brain (www.circametdb.org.cn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China,
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China,
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Vijaya Shankara J, Mistlberger RE, Antle MC. Anticipation of Scheduled Feeding in BTBR Mice Reveals Independence and Interactions Between the Light- and Food-Entrainable Circadian Clocks. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:896200. [PMID: 35712346 PMCID: PMC9195425 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.896200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animal species exhibit food-anticipatory activity (FAA) when fed at a fixed time of the day. FAA exhibits properties of a daily rhythm controlled by food-entrainable circadian oscillators (FEOs). Lesion studies indicate that FEOs are separate from the light-entrainable circadian pacemaker (LEP) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. While anatomically distinct, food- and light-entrainable clocks do appear to interact, and the output of these clocks may be modulated by their phase relation. We report here an analysis of FAA in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain that provides new insights into the nature of interactions between food- and light-entrained clocks and rhythms. BTBR mice fed ad libitum exhibit an unusually short active phase and free-running circadian periodicity (~22.5 h). In a light-dark cycle, BTBR mice limited to a 4 h daily meal in the light period show robust FAA compared to the C57BL/6J mice. In constant darkness, BTBR mice exhibit clear and distinct free-running and food-anticipatory rhythms that interact in a phase-dependent fashion. The free-running rhythm exhibits phase advances when FAA occurs in the mid-to-late rest phase of the free run, and phase delays when FAA occurs in the late active phase. A phase-response curve (PRC) inferred from these shifts is similar to the PRC for activity-induced phase shifts in nocturnal rodents, suggesting that the effects of feeding schedules on the LEP in constant darkness are mediated by FAA. A phase-dependent effect of the free-running rhythm on FAA was evident in both its magnitude and duration; FAA counts were greatest when FAA occurred during the active phase of the free-running rhythm. The LEP inhibited FAA when FAA occurred at the end of the subjective day. These findings provide evidence for interactions between food- and light-entrainable circadian clocks and rhythms and demonstrate the utility of the BTBR mouse model in probing these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Michael C. Antle
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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3
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Nelson RJ, Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, DeVries AC. Time-of-day as a critical biological variable. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:740-746. [PMID: 34052279 PMCID: PMC8504485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-day is a crucial, yet often overlooked, biological variable in biomedical research. We examined the top 25 most cited papers in several domains of behavioral neuroscience to determine whether time-of-day information was reported. The majority of studies report behavioral testing conducted during the day, which does not coincide with the optimal time to perform the testing from an functional perspective of the animals being tested. The majority of animal models used in biomedical research are nocturnal rodents; thus, testing during the light phase (i.e. animals' rest period) may alter the results and introduce variability across studies. Time-of-day is rarely considered in analyses or reported in publications; the majority of publications fail to include temporal details when describing their experimental methods, and those few that report testing during the dark rarely report whether measures are in place to protect from exposure to extraneous light. We propose that failing to account for time-of-day may compromise replication of findings across behavioral studies and reduce their value when extrapolating results to diurnal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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4
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da Silveira WA, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal SB, Laiakis EC, Kim MS, Meydan C, Kidane Y, Rathi KS, Smith SM, Stear B, Ying Y, Zhang Y, Foox J, Zanello S, Crucian B, Wang D, Nugent A, Costa HA, Zwart SR, Schrepfer S, Elworth RAL, Sapoval N, Treangen T, MacKay M, Gokhale NS, Horner SM, Singh LN, Wallace DC, Willey JS, Schisler JC, Meller R, McDonald JT, Fisch KM, Hardiman G, Taylor D, Mason CE, Costes SV, Beheshti A. Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact. Cell 2021; 183:1185-1201.e20. [PMID: 33242417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight is known to impose changes on human physiology with unknown molecular etiologies. To reveal these causes, we used a multi-omics, systems biology analytical approach using biomedical profiles from fifty-nine astronauts and data from NASA's GeneLab derived from hundreds of samples flown in space to determine transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenetic responses to spaceflight. Overall pathway analyses on the multi-omics datasets showed significant enrichment for mitochondrial processes, as well as innate immunity, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and olfactory functions. Importantly, NASA's Twin Study provided a platform to confirm several of our principal findings. Evidence of altered mitochondrial function and DNA damage was also found in the urine and blood metabolic data compiled from the astronaut cohort and NASA Twin Study data, indicating mitochondrial stress as a consistent phenotype of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Man S Kim
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Stear
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Ying
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Wang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Meller
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20057, USA
| | | | - Gary Hardiman
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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5
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Food anticipatory circadian rhythms in mice entrained to long or short day photoperiods. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112939. [PMID: 32407832 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food anticipatory activity (FAA) rhythms that emerge in nocturnal rodents fed once daily are mediated by food-entrainable circadian oscillators (FEOs) located outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of a circadian pacemaker required for entrainment to daily light-dark (LD) cycles. Specification of the neural and molecular substrates of FEOs driving FAA is complicated by homeostatic, hedonic and environmental factors that can modulate expression of activity independent of circadian timing. Here, we examined the effect of photoperiod (duration of the daily light period) on FAA in mice fed during the last 4 h or middle 4 h of the light period for at least 5 weeks. Long photoperiods decrease SCN pacemaker amplitude, which may favor expression of FAA during the day, when the SCN normally opposes activity in nocturnal rodents. To test this prediction, in Experiment 1, mice housed with or without running discs were entrained to 24 h LD cycles with 8 h (L8) or 16 h (L16) photoperiods. When food was restricted to the last 4 h of the light period (late-day), mice housed with running discs showed more FAA in L16, whereas mice without running discs showed more FAA in L8. In Experiment 2, mice were entrained to L8 or L16 photoperiods, and the 4 h daily meal was centered in the light period (mid-day). FAA was decreased relative to late-day fed mice, but did not vary by photoperiod. In Experiment 3, mice with or without running discs were entrained to L12 or L18 photoperiods, with mealtime centered in the light period. FAA again did not differ between photoperiods. In constant dark (DD) prior to food restriction, the period (τ) of free-running rhythms was shorter in mice entrained to long days. This known after-effect of photoperiod on τ was absent in DD immediately following restricted feeding. The phase of LD entrainment, unmasked on the first day of DD with food ad-libitum, was significantly advanced in mice from the late-day feeding schedule, compared to mice from the mid-day schedules. These results indicate that FAA in mice does not vary systematically with photoperiod, possibly because daytime feeding schedules attenuate the effect of photoperiod on the mouse SCN pacemaker. FAA in the present study was more strongly influenced by running disc availability and by meal time within the light period, possibly due to effects on LD entrainment, which was phase advanced by late-day but not midday feeding.
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Vázquez A, Hernández-Oliveras A, Santiago-García J, Caba M, Gonzalez-Lima F, Olivo D, Corona-Morales AA. Daily changes in GFAP expression in radial glia of the olfactory bulb in rabbit pups entrained to circadian feeding. Physiol Behav 2020; 217:112824. [PMID: 31987893 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
When food is restricted daily to a fixed time, animals show uncoupled molecular, physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms from those entrained by light and controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The loci of the food-entrainable oscillator and the mechanisms by which rhythms emerge are unclear. Using animals entrained to the light-dark cycle, recent studies indicate that astrocytes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus play a key role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. However, it is unknown whether astrocytic cells can be synchronized by circadian restricted feeding. Studying the olfactory bulb (OB) of rabbit pups entrained to daily feeding, we hypothesized that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the morphology of GFAP-immunopositive cells change in synchrony with timing of feeding. By using pups fed at 1000 h or 2200 h, we found that GFAP protein expression in the OB changes with a nadir at feeding time and a peak 16 h after feeding. We also found that length of radial glia processes, the most abundant GFAP+ cell in the rabbit pup OB, shows a daily change also coupled to feeding time. These temporal changes of GFAP were expressed in anti-phase to the rhythms of locomotor activity and c-Fos immunoreactivity. The results indicate that GFAP expression and elongation-retraction of radial glia processes are coupled by feeding time and suggest that glia cells may play an important functional role in food entraining of the OB circadian oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Vázquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | | | - Juan Santiago-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Diana Olivo
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México.
| | - Aleph A Corona-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genómica y Fisiológica, Facultad de Nutrición, Médicos y odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91010, Ver., México.
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7
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Northeast RC, Chrobok L, Hughes ATL, Petit C, Piggins HD. Keeping time in the lamina terminalis: Novel oscillator properties of forebrain sensory circumventricular organs. FASEB J 2019; 34:974-987. [PMID: 31914667 PMCID: PMC6972491 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901111r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drinking behavior and osmotic regulatory mechanisms exhibit clear daily variation which is necessary for achieving the homeostatic osmolality. In mammals, the master clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nuclei has long been held as the main driver of circadian (24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior. However, rhythmic clock gene expression in other brain sites raises the possibility of local circadian control of neural activity and function. The subfornical organ (SFO) and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) are two sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) that play key roles in the central control of thirst and water homeostasis, but the extent to which they are subject to intrinsic circadian control remains undefined. Using a combination of ex vivo bioluminescence and in vivo gene expression, we report for the first time that the SFO contains an unexpectedly robust autonomous clock with unusual spatiotemporal characteristics in core and noncore clock gene expression. Furthermore, putative single-cell oscillators in the SFO and OVLT are strongly rhythmic and require action potential-dependent communication to maintain synchrony. Our results reveal that these thirst-controlling sCVOs possess intrinsic circadian timekeeping properties and raise the possibility that these contribute to daily regulation of drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Northeast
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alun T L Hughes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheryl Petit
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040719. [PMID: 30925707 PMCID: PMC6520689 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of meal frequency and timing on health and disease has been a topic of interest for many years. While epidemiological evidence indicates an association between higher meal frequencies and lower disease risk, experimental trials have shown conflicting results. Furthermore, recent prospective research has demonstrated a significant increase in disease risk with a high meal frequency (≥6 meals/day) as compared to a low meal frequency (1⁻2 meals/day). Apart from meal frequency and timing we also have to consider breakfast consumption and the distribution of daily energy intake, caloric restriction, and night-time eating. A central role in this complex scenario is played by the fasting period length between two meals. The physiological underpinning of these interconnected variables may be through internal circadian clocks, and food consumption that is asynchronous with natural circadian rhythms may exert adverse health effects and increase disease risk. Additionally, alterations in meal frequency and meal timing have the potential to influence energy and macronutrient intake.A regular meal pattern including breakfast consumption, consuming a higher proportion of energy early in the day, reduced meal frequency (i.e., 2⁻3 meals/day), and regular fasting periods may provide physiological benefits such as reduced inflammation, improved circadian rhythmicity, increased autophagy and stress resistance, and modulation of the gut microbiota.
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