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Li L, Shi C, Dong F, Xu G, Lei M, Zhang F. Targeting pyroptosis to treat ischemic stroke: From molecular pathways to treatment strategy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112168. [PMID: 38688133 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the primary reason for human disability and death, but the available treatment options are limited. Hence, it is imperative to explore novel and efficient therapies. In recent years, pyroptosis (a pro-inflammatory cell death characterized by inflammation) has emerged as an important pathological mechanism in ischemic stroke that can cause cell death through plasma membrane rupture and release of inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis is closely associated with inflammation, which exacerbates the inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. The level of inflammasomes, GSDMD, Caspases, and inflammatory factors is increased after ischemic stroke, exacerbating brain injury by mediating pyroptosis. Hence, inhibition of pyroptosis can be a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between pyroptosis and ischemic stroke, as well as a series of treatments to attenuate pyroptosis, intending to provide insights for new therapeutic targets on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Chonglin Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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2
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Zhao Y, Li T, Jiang Z, Gai C, Yu S, Xin D, Li T, Liu D, Wang Z. The miR-9-5p/CXCL11 pathway is a key target of hydrogen sulfide-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1084-1094. [PMID: 37862212 PMCID: PMC10749591 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. However, the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation remains unclear. In this study, we used a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cell model and found that treatment with L-cysteine, a H2S precursor, attenuated the cerebral infarction and cerebral atrophy induced by hypoxia and ischemia and increased the expression of miR-9-5p and cystathionine β synthase (a major H2S synthetase in the brain) in the prefrontal cortex. We also found that an miR-9-5p inhibitor blocked the expression of cystathionine β synthase in the prefrontal cortex in mice with brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia. Furthermore, miR-9-5p overexpression increased cystathionine-β-synthase and H2S expression in the injured prefrontal cortex of mice with hypoxic ischemic brain injury. L-cysteine decreased the expression of CXCL11, an miR-9-5p target gene, in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse model and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines BNIP3, FSTL1, SOCS2 and SOCS5, while treatment with an miR-9-5p inhibitor reversed these changes. These findings suggest that H2S can reduce neuroinflammation in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury through regulating the miR-9-5p/CXCL11 axis and restoring β-synthase expression, thereby playing a role in reducing neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zige Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Gai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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3
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Feng C, Tian Q, Tang X, Yu J, Li H, Geng C, Xu L. microRNA-9a-5p disrupts the ELAVL1/VEGF axis to alleviate traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114721. [PMID: 38342180 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasma microRNA (miR)-9 has been identified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the possible role and mechanisms of miR-9a-5p affecting TBI. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of TBI was used for screening differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. TBI rat models were established. miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF expression in the brain tissue of TBI rats was detected. The relationship among miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF was tested. TBI modeled rats were injected with miR-9a-5p-, ELAVL1 or VEGF-related sequences to identify their effects on TBI. miR-9a-5p was poorly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. ELAVL1 was a downstream target gene of miR-9a-5p, which could negatively regulate its expression. Enforced miR-9a-5p expression prevented brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1. Meanwhile, ELAVL1 could increase the expression of VEGF, which was highly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. In addition, ectopically expressed miR-9a-5p alleviated brain tissue damage in TBI rats by downregulating the ELAVL1/VEGF axis. Overall, miR-9a-5p can potentially reduce brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1 and down-regulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Changxing Geng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
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Choi YK. Detrimental Roles of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Severe Hypoxic Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4465. [PMID: 38674050 PMCID: PMC11050730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), facilitating adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Appropriate hypoxia is pivotal for neurovascular regeneration and immune cell mobilization. However, in central nervous system (CNS) injury, prolonged and severe hypoxia harms the brain by triggering neurovascular inflammation, oxidative stress, glial activation, vascular damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. Diminished hypoxia in the brain improves cognitive function in individuals with CNS injuries. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the contribution of severe hypoxia to CNS injuries, with an emphasis on HIF-1α-mediated pathways. During severe hypoxia in the CNS, HIF-1α facilitates inflammasome formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. This review presents the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α is involved in the pathogenesis of CNS injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of HIF-1α will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for severe hypoxic brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Jin F, Jin L, Wei B, Li X, Li R, Liu W, Guo S, Fan H, Duan C. miR-96-5p alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting pyroptosis via downregulating caspase 1. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114676. [PMID: 38190934 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of global mortality and disability. Nevertheless, successful treatment remains limited. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and the mechanism of miR-96-5p in protecting acute ischemic brain injury in adult mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male C57BL/6 mice. MiR-96-5p or the negative control was administered via intracerebroventricular injection. The expression of pyroptosis-related genes and activation of various resident cells in the brain was assessed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, cylinder test, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume were used to evaluate the behavioral deficits and the severity of brain injury after MCAO. Flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Nissl staining were employed to assess the neuron damage. MiR-96-5p decreased markedly in the ischemic stroke model in vivo and in vitro. MiR-96-5p mimics suppressed the expression of caspase 1 and alleviated the apoptosis rate in OGD/R treatment N2a cells, however, the miR-96-5p inhibitor caused the opposite results. Intracerebroventricular delivery of miR-96-5p agomir significantly mitigated behavioral deficits, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume after MCAO. In addition, treatment with miR-96-5p agomir downregulated the expression of caspase 1/cleaved caspase 1 and Gsdmd/Gsdmd-N, while alleviating the neuron damage. In summary, overexpression of miR-96-5p suppresses pyroptosis and reduces brain damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, providing new insight into the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Boyang Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ran Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Yang K, Zeng L, He Q, Wang S, Xu H, Ge J. Advancements in research on the immune-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke and the regulatory role of natural plant products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1250918. [PMID: 38601463 PMCID: PMC11004298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1250918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability among adults. Recanalization of blood vessels to facilitate timely reperfusion is the primary clinical approach; however, reperfusion itself may trigger cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Emerging evidence strongly implicates the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target, playing a key role in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aberrant expression and function of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in cerebral ischemia have garnered considerable attention as a recent research focus. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the signaling pathways, pathological mechanisms, and intricate interactions involving NLRP3 inflammasomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, notable progress has been made in investigating the impact of natural plant products (e.g., Proanthocyanidins, methylliensinine, salidroside, α-asarone, acacia, curcumin, morin, ginsenoside Rd, paeoniflorin, breviscapine, sulforaphane, etc.) on regulating cerebral ischemia and reperfusion by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigating the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings aim to present novel insights that could contribute to the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yuan X, Xia Y, Jiang P, Chen J, Wang C. Neuroinflammation Targeting Pyroptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04050-6. [PMID: 38383921 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently identified type of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) mediated by inflammasomes and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLs) and dependent on members of the caspase family. Pyroptosis has been widely reported to participate in the occurrence and progression of various inflammatory diseases, including stroke, a frequently lethal disease with high prevalence and many complications. To date, there have been no effectively therapeutic strategies and methods for treating stroke. Pyroptosis is thought to be closely related to the occurrence and development of stroke. Understanding inflammatory responses induced by the activation of pyroptosis would be hopeful to provide feasible approaches and strategies. Targeting on molecules in the upstream or downstream of pyroptosis pathway has shown promise in the treatment of stroke. The present review summarizes current research on the characteristics of pyroptosis, the function and pathological phenomena of pyroptosis in stroke, the molecule mechanisms related to inflammatory pathways, and the drugs and other molecules that can affect outcomes after stroke. These findings may help identify possible targets or new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Yuan
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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8
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Yi YS. MicroRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of inflammasomes in inflammatory responses and immunopathologies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:227-238. [PMID: 36437174 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation represents the first-line defense mechanism of the host against pathogens and cellular stress. One of the most critical inflammatory responses is characterized by the activation of inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that induce inflammatory signaling pathways in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns under physiological and pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are tightly regulated in normal cells, and dysregulation of these complexes is observed in various pathological conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and cancers. Epigenetic regulation has been suggested as a key mechanism in modulating inflammasome activity, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammasomes. Therefore, miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of inflammasomes in pathological conditions has received considerable attention, and current strategies for targeting inflammasomes have been shown to be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammasome activation. This review summarizes recent studies suggesting the roles of miRNAs in the epigenetic control of inflammasomes and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a therapeutic tool for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea.
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Fu R, Zhao L, Guo Y, Qin X, Xu W, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Xu S. AIM2 inflammasome: A potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109881. [PMID: 38142900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a significant global public health issue with a high incidence, disability, and mortality rate. A robust inflammatory cascade with complex and wide-ranging mechanisms occurs following ischemic brain injury. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes in the cytoplasm that modulate the inflammatory response by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing cellular pyroptosis. Among these inflammasomes, the Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome shows the ability to detect a wide range of pathogen DNAs, thereby triggering an inflammatory response. Recent studies have indicated that the aberrant expression of AIM2 inflammasome in various cells is closely associated with the pathological processes of ischemic brain injury. This paper summarizes the expression and regulatory role of AIM2 in CNS and peripheral immune cells and discusses current therapeutic approaches targeting AIM2 inflammasome. These findings aim to serve as a reference for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Linna Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueqi Cheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
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Gong Z, Guo J, Liu B, Guo Y, Cheng C, Jiang Y, Liang N, Hu M, Song T, Yang L, Li H, Zhang H, Zong X, Che Q, Shi N. Mechanisms of immune response and cell death in ischemic stroke and their regulation by natural compounds. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1287857. [PMID: 38274789 PMCID: PMC10808662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), which is the third foremost cause of disability and death worldwide, has inflammation and cell death as its main pathological features. IS can lead to neuronal cell death and release factors such as damage-related molecular patterns, stimulating the immune system to release inflammatory mediators, thereby resulting in inflammation and exacerbating brain damage. Currently, there are a limited number of treatment methods for IS, which is a fact necessitating the discovery of new treatment targets. For this review, current research on inflammation and cell death in ischemic stroke was summarized. The complex roles and pathways of the principal immune cells (microglia, astrocyte, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophage) in the immune system after IS in inflammation are discussed. The mechanisms of immune cell interactions and the cytokines involved in these interactions are summarized. Moreover, the cell death mechanisms (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, PANoptosis, and ferroptosis) and pathways after IS are explored. Finally, a summary is provided of the mechanism of action of natural pharmacological active ingredients in the treatment of IS. Despite significant recent progress in research on IS, there remain many challenges that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qianzi Che
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Pando M, Yang R, Dimitrov G, Chavez R, Garza T, Trevino AV, Gautam A, Stark TR, Hammamieh R, Clifford J, Sosanya NM. Identifying Stress-Exacerbated Thermal-Injury Induced MicroRNAs. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:2294-2308. [PMID: 37468024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Using a model of combat and operational stress reaction (COSR), our lab recently showed that exposure to an unpredictable combat stress (UPCS) procedure prior to a thermal injury increases pain sensitivity in male rats. Additionally, our lab has recently shown that circulating extracellular vesicle-microRNAs (EV-miRNAs), which normally function to suppress inflammation, were downregulated in a male rat model of neuropathic pain. In this current study, male and female rats exposed to UPCS, followed by thermal injury, were evaluated for changes in circulating EV-miRNAs. Adult female and male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a UPCS procedure for either 2 or 4 weeks. Groups consisted of the following: nonstress (NS), stress (S), NS + thermal injury (TI), and S + TI. Mechanical sensitivity was measured, and plasma was collected at baseline, throughout the UPCS exposure, and post-thermal injury. EV-miRNA isolation was performed, followed by small RNA sequencing and subsequent data analysis. UPCS exposure alone resulted in mechanical allodynia in both male and female rats at specific time points. Thermal-injury induction occurring at peak UPCS resulted in increased mechanical allodynia in the injured hind paw compared to thermal injury alone. Differential expression of the EV-miRNAs was observed between the NS and S groups as well as between NS + TI and S + TI groups. Consistent differences in EV-miRNAs are detectable in both COSR as well as during the development of mechanical sensitivity and potentially serve as key regulators, biomarkers, and targets in the treatment of COSR and thermal-injury induced mechanical sensitivity. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the effects of unpredictable combat stress and thermal injury on EV-contained microRNAs in an animal model. These same mechanisms may exist in clinical patients and could be future prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pando
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ruoting Yang
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - George Dimitrov
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Roger Chavez
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thomas Garza
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alex V Trevino
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Thomas R Stark
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington
| | - John Clifford
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Natasha M Sosanya
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
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13
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Rezaee D, Saadatpour F, Akbari N, Zoghi A, Najafi S, Beyranvand P, Zamani-Rarani F, Rashidi MA, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Bakhtiari M. The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of human central nervous system: A focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102090. [PMID: 37832609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play substantial roles in regulating the development and various physiologic functions of the central nervous system (CNS). These include neurogenesis, cell fate and differentiation, morphogenesis, formation of dendrites, and targeting non-neural mRNAs. Notably, deregulation of an increasing number of miRNAs is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and CNS tumors. They are particularly known to affect the amyloid β (Aβ) cleavage and accumulation, tau protein homeostasis, and expression of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), Parkin, PINK1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. These include miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-103, miR-107, miR-298, miR-328, miR-195, miR-485, and miR-29. In CNS tumors, several miRNAs, including miR-31, miR-16, and miR-21 have been identified to modulate tumorigenesis through impacting tumor invasion and apoptosis. In this review article, we have a look at the recent advances on our knowledge about the role of miRNAs in human brain development and functions, neurodegenerative diseases, and their clinical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Akbari
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Zoghi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Beyranvand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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14
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Chai R, Li Y, Shui L, Ni L, Zhang A. The role of pyroptosis in inflammatory diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173235. [PMID: 37250902 PMCID: PMC10213465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death has crucial roles in the physiological maturation of an organism, the maintenance of metabolism, and disease progression. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death which has recently received much attention, is closely related to inflammation and occurs via canonical, non-canonical, caspase-3-dependent, and unclassified pathways. The pore-forming gasdermin proteins mediate pyroptosis by promoting cell lysis, contributing to the outflow of large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and cellular contents. Although the inflammatory response is critical for the body's defense against pathogens, uncontrolled inflammation can cause tissue damage and is a vital factor in the occurrence and progression of various diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the major signaling pathways of pyroptosis and discuss current research on the pathological function of pyroptosis in autoinflammatory diseases and sterile inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longxing Ni
- *Correspondence: Longxing Ni, ; Ansheng Zhang,
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15
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Zong J, Wang Y, Pan S, Yang Y, Peng J, Li F, Xu L, Li S, Qian W. The Relationship between the Serum NLRP1 Level and Coronary Lesions in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:2250055. [PMID: 37214347 PMCID: PMC10195180 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2250055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is complex, and inflammation is one of the regulatory factors. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) plays an important role in the cellular inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, cell death, and autoimmune diseases. Whether the level of NLRP1 is related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been reported. Objective To test the serum level of NLRP1 in unstable angina (UA) patients and investigate the effect of NLRP1 on coronary stenosis severity of the coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods 307 patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University for coronary angiography from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022 were included. We detect the level of NLRP1 in the serum of the included patients. Patients were divided into UA group and control group according to coronary angiography results and other clinical data. We use logistic regression to screen the influencing factors of UA. Then, subgroups were divided according to the Gensini score and the number of coronary artery lesions, and the difference of serum NLRP1 level between the groups was compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the serum NLRP1 level and Gensini score. We analyze the diagnostic value of NLRP1 for UA by drawing ROC curve. Results The median level of serum NLRP1 in patients with UA (n = 257) was 49.71 pg/ml, IQR 30.15, 80.21, and that in patients without UA (n = 50) was 24.75 pg/ml, IQR 13.49, 41.95. Serum NLRP1 levels were significantly different among different subgroups. The patient's Gensini score was correlated with the patient's serum NLRP1 level. Conclusion The serum NLRP1 level is increased in patients with UA, which is increased with the increasing severity of coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Tao C, Wang Y, Xiao S. Clinical significance of CT angiographic assessment of collateral circulation combined with serum NLRP1 levels in ischemic stroke patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33433. [PMID: 37000063 PMCID: PMC10063313 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to combine serum NLR-pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) levels and collateral circulation to assess ischemic stroke patients and predict the prognoses of the patients. This present prospective observational study enrolled 196 ischemic stroke patients. All patients underwent CTA as well as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to assess collateral circulation by American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR). In addition, we collected serum samples from 100 patients with carotid atherosclerosis as controls. The serum NLRP1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The age, BMI, sex, smoke condition, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scores (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, imaging indicators and the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low-density leptin cholesterol (LDLC), high-density leptin cholesterol of all subjects were recorded. All data used SPSS 18.0 to statistical analyses. The serum levels of NLRP1 were remarkably enhanced in the ischemic stroke patients compared with the carotid atherosclerosis patients. The NIHSS score, the mRS score after 90 days and the levels of NLRP1, CRP, TNF-α IL-6 and IL-1β of ischemic stroke patients in the ASITN/SIR grade 0 to 2 group were remarkably elevated than the ischemic stroke patients in ASITN/SIR grade 3 to 4 group. Spearman analysis supported that a positive correlation existed among the NLRP1, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. The NIHSS score, infarct volume and the levels of NLRP1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β of ischemic stroke patients in the mRS score ≥ 3 group were remarkably elevated than the ischemic stroke patients in the mRS score ≤ 2 group. ASITN/SIR grade and NLRP1 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers of poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. It was found that NLRP1, ASITN/SIR grade, infarct volume, NIHSS, IL-6, and IL-1β were the risk factors for bad prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. This study showed that the serum NLRP1 levels were remarkably decreased in ischemic stroke patients. In addition, the serum NLRP1 levels and ASITN/SIR grade could predict the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tao
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Hou X, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Gao W. Role of Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR Axis in HT22 Cells Under Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9221-9229. [PMID: 36936290 PMCID: PMC10018509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important complication of ischemic stroke, and autophagy is one of the mechanisms of it. In this study, we aimed to determine the role and mechanism of autophagy in cerebral I/R injury. Methods: the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) method was used to model cerebral I/R injury in HT22 cells. CCK-8 and LDH were conducted to detect viability and damage of the cells, respectively. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Tunel staining. Autophagic vesicles of HT22 cells were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the protein expression involving AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis and autophagy-related proteins. 3-Methyladenine and rapamycin were, respectively, used to inhibit and activate autophagy, compound C and AICAR acted as AMPK inhibitor and activator, respectively, and were used to control the starting link of AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis. Results: autophagy was activated in HT22 cells after OGD/R was characterized by an increased number of autophagic vesicles, the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I, and a decrease in the expression of P62. Rapamycin could increase the viability, reduce LDH leakage rate, and alleviate cell apoptosis in OGD/R cells by activating autophagy. 3-Methyladenine played an opposite role to rapamycin in OGD/R cells. The expression of DDiT4 and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK were increased after OGD/R in HT22 cells. While the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR was reduced by OGD/R, AICAR effectively increased the number of autophagic vesicles, improved viability, reduced LDH leakage rate, and alleviated apoptosis in HT22 cells which suffered OGD/R. However, the effects of compound C in OGD/R HT22 cells were opposite to that of AICAR. Conclusions: autophagy is activated after OGD/R; autophagy activator rapamycin significantly enhanced the protective effect of autophagy on cells of OGD/R. AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR axis is an important pathway to activate autophagy, and AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR-mediated autophagy significantly alleviates cell damage caused by OGD/R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijuan Gao
- . Phone: 86 311 89926007. Fax: (86) 311 89926000
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Non-coding RNAs as key players in the neurodegenerative diseases: Multi-platform strategies and approaches for exploring the Genome's dark matter. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102236. [PMID: 36709005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence in the last few years has begun to unravel that non-coding RNAs have a myriad of functions in gene regulation. Intensive investigation on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has led to exploring their broad role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) owing to their regulatory role in gene expression. RNA sequencing technologies and transcriptome analysis has unveiled significant dysregulation of ncRNAs attributed to their biogenesis, upregulation, downregulation, aberrant epigenetic regulation, and abnormal transcription. Despite these advances, the understanding of their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers underpinning detailed mechanisms is still unknown. Advancements in bioinformatics and molecular technologies have improved our knowledge of the dark matter of the genome in terms of recognition and functional validation. This review aims to shed light on ncRNAs biogenesis, function, and potential role in NDs. Further deepening of their role is provided through a focus on the most recent platforms, experimental approaches, and computational analysis to investigate ncRNAs. Furthermore, this review summarizes and evaluates well-studied miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs concerning their potential role in pathogenesis and use as biomarkers in NDs. Finally, a perspective on the main challenges and novel methods for the future and broad therapeutic use of ncRNAs is offered.
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19
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Yu J, Lu Z, Liu R, Wang P, Ma H, Zhao Y. Characterization of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to reveal potential functional competing endogenous RNAs in traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1089857. [PMID: 36711143 PMCID: PMC9874919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1089857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common acute central nervous system injury diseases. Given the medical and socio-economic burdens of TBI patients, the pathogenesis in TBI and the latent intervention targets needed to be further illuminated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) had been revealed to play a vital role in the regulation of pathogenesis after TBI. However, the mutual communication and adjustment of lncRNA associated competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in TBI have not been explored to date. In this study, we systematically sequenced the whole transcriptome of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs between sham and TBI groups and a total of 939 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 46 DE miRNAs, and 1,951 DE mRNAs were obtained. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein interaction relationship analyses were conducted for DE mRNAs to identify hub DE genes in TBI. Based on the criteria of bioinformatics prediction, the lncRNA associated ceRNA network covering 201 lncRNAs, 22 miRNAs, and 79 mRNAs was constructed. This study provides a novel perspective on the molecular mechanism of lncRNA in TBI and identifies certain lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruining Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Haoli Ma,
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Yan Zhao,
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20
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Kattan D, Barsa C, Mekhijian S, Shakkour Z, Jammoul M, Doumit M, Zabala MCP, Darwiche N, Eid AH, Mechref Y, Wang KK, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Munoz Pareja JC, Kobeissy F. Inflammasomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in traumatic brain injury and related-neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104969. [PMID: 36423707 PMCID: PMC9805531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the ambiguity surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology and the lack of any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neurotherapeutic drugs, there is an increasing need to better understand the mechanisms of TBI. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes have been highlighted as both potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in different neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, inflammasome activation plays a pivotal function in the central nervous system (CNS) response to many neurological conditions, as well as to several neurodegenerative disorders, specifically, TBI. This comprehensive review summarizes and critically discusses the mechanisms that govern the activation and assembly of inflammasome complexes and the major methods used to study inflammasome activation in TBI and its implication for other neurodegenerative disorders. Also, we will review how inflammasome activation is critical in CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis, and how it can impact chronic TBI sequalae and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we discuss the recent updates on inflammasome-related biomarkers and the potential to utilize inflammasomes as putative therapeutic targets that hold the potential to better diagnose and treat subjects with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Kattan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarin Mekhijian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Doumit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Camila Pareja Zabala
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Gai C, Xing X, Song Y, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Cheng Y, Xiao Y, Wang Z. Up-Regulation of miR-9-5p Inhibits Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Damage Through the DDIT4-Mediated Autophagy Pathways in Neonatal Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1175-1189. [PMID: 37113470 PMCID: PMC10128084 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s393362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains the leading cause of cerebral palsy and long-term neurological sequelae in infants. Despite intensive research and many therapeutic approaches, there are limited neuroprotective strategies against HI insults. Herein, we reported that HI insult significantly down-regulated microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) level in the ipsilateral cortex of neonatal mice. Methods The biological function and expression patterns of protein in the ischemic hemispheres were evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western Blotting analysis, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry. Open field test and Y-maze test were applied to detect locomotor activity and exploratory behavior and working memory. Results Overexpression of miR-9-5p effectively alleviated brain injury and improved neurological behaviors following HI insult, accompanying with suppressed neuroinflammation and apoptosis. MiR-9-5p directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and negatively regulated its expression. Furthermore, miR-9-5p mimics treatment down-regulated light chain 3 II/light chain 3 I (LC3 II/LC3 I) ratio and Beclin-1 expression and decreased LC3B accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Further analysis showed that DDIT4 knockdown conspicuously inhibited the HI-up-regulated LC3 II/ LC3 I ratio and Beclin-1 expression, associating with attenuated brain damage. Conclusion The study indicates that miR-9-5p-mediated HI injury is regulated by DDIT4-mediated autophagy pathway and up-regulation of miR-9-5p level may provide a potential therapeutic effect on HI brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zige Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
- Liaocheng Neuroscience Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yilei Xiao, Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Zhen Wang, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email
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22
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Mi L, Min X, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. NLRP1 Inflammasomes: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Several Types of Brain Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863774. [PMID: 35707533 PMCID: PMC9189285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) is a member of the NLR family. The NLRP1 inflammasome consists of the NLRP1 protein, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain, and the effector molecule pro-caspase-1. When stimulated, the inflammasome initiates the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 and converts it into its active form, caspase-1; then, caspase-1 facilitates the cleavage of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 into their active and secreted forms. In addition, caspase-1 also mediates the cleavage of gasdermin D, which leads to pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. Pathological events that damage the brain and result in neuropathological conditions can generally be described as brain injury. Neuroinflammation, especially that driven by NLRP1, plays a considerable role in the pathophysiology of brain injury, such as early brain injury (EBI) of subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic brain injury during stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this article, a thorough overview of NLRP1 is presented, including its structure, mechanism of activation, and role in neuroinflammation. We also present recent studies on NLRP1 as a target for the treatment of EBI, ischemic brain injury, TBI, and other types of brain injury, thus highlighting the perspective of NLRP1 as an effective mediator of catastrophic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Posttrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Posttrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Posttrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Posttrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Chen,
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23
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Zhang A, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lenahan C, Xu H, Jiang J, Yuan L, Wang L, Xu Y, Chen S, Fang Y, Zhang J. The Role of Caspase Family in Acute Brain Injury: The Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Future. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1194-1211. [PMID: 34766893 PMCID: PMC9886824 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase family is commonly involved in the pathophysiology of acute brain injury (ABI) through complex apoptotic, pyroptotic, and inflammatory pathways. Current translational strategies for caspase modulation in ABI primarily focus on caspase inhibitors. Because there are no caspase-inhibiting drugs approved for clinical use on the market, the development of caspase inhibitors remains an attractive challenge for researchers and clinicians. Therefore, we conducted the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of caspases in ABI. In this review, we summarized the available evidence and potential mechanisms regarding the biological function of caspases. We also reviewed the therapeutic effects of caspase inhibitors on ABI and its subsequent complications. However, various important issues remain unclear, prompting further verification of the efficacy and safety regarding clinical application of caspase inhibitors. We believe that our work will be helpful to further understand the critical role of the caspase family and will provide novel therapeutic potential for ABI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA;
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;
| | | | | | | | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; E-mail:
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; E-mail:
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24
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Tu M, Wang R, Zhu P, Wang Q, Sun B, Lu K, Zhang J, Xie W, Guo H, Li S, Wu Y, Wang X. Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Improve Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Rats: Preliminary Data and microRNA-mRNA Expression Profile. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2403-2413. [PMID: 35230645 PMCID: PMC9489579 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) often results in bladder tissue inflammation and remodeling. As human urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have demonstrated therapeutic benefits, we used a rat model to investigate the effect of USCs on bladder function and explore the miRNA and gene expression profiles in bladder tissue using RNA sequencing. Eighteen rats were assigned to a sham surgery group, pBOO group, and pBOO+USC group (six biweekly treatments). Routine urodynamic monitoring, analysis of detrusor muscle strips, and pathophysiology assessments were conducted. Finally, altered miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of bladder tissue were examined using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. After USC treatment, elevated bladder compliance and maximal voiding pressure, declined end filling pressure and voided volume, and improved detrusor muscle contractility and carbachol sensitivity were found. Histology and TUNEL assay revealed reduced collagen deposition and muscle cell apoptosis in bladder tissue. The differential expression of eight miRNAs was reversed by USC treatment. Two large nodes (miR-142 and miR-9a) were identified in the miRNA-gene interaction network in the USC-treated group. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment of multiple significant pathways, including those involved in necroptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. This is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of USCs on bladder function and remodeling in pBOO rats. The miRNA and mRNA expression levels differed in the bladder of pBOO rats with and without USC treatment. Although the mechanism underlying these effects has not been fully elucidated, necroptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction-related pathways may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menjiang Tu
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bishao Sun
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keshi Lu
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Weijie Xie
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China.
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Liuxian Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, NO.6019, China.
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25
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miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313012. [PMID: 34884818 PMCID: PMC8657443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-dependent, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 50–70% of all dementia cases. Due to the increasing incidence and corresponding socioeconomic burden of dementia, it has rapidly emerged as a challenge to public health worldwide. The characteristics of AD include the development of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, vascular changes, neuronal inflammation, and progressive brain atrophy. However, the complexity of the biology of AD has hindered progress in elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, and the development of effective treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, which are endogenous, noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that function as posttranscriptional regulators of various genes) are attracting attention as powerful tools for studying the mechanisms of diseases, as they are involved in several biological processes and diseases, including AD. AD is a multifactorial disease, and several reports have suggested that miRNAs play an important role in the pathological processes of AD. In this review, the basic biology of miRNAs is described, and the function and physiology of miRNAs in the pathological processes of AD are highlighted. In addition, the limitations of current pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of AD and the development of miRNA-based next-generation therapies are discussed.
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26
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Wang W, Yang N, Yang YH, Wen R, Liu CF, Zhang TN. Non-Coding RNAs: Master Regulators of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5023-5050. [PMID: 34616171 PMCID: PMC8490125 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s332840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent more than just “junk sequences” of the genome and have been found to be involved in multiple diseases by regulating various biological process, including the activation of inflammasomes. As an important aspect of innate immunity, inflammasomes are large immune multiprotein complexes that tightly regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediate pyroptosis; the activation of the inflammasomes is a vital biological process in inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have emphasized the function of ncRNAs in the fine control of inflammasomes activation either by directly targeting components of the inflammasomes or by controlling the activity of various factors that control the activation of inflammasomes; consequently, ncRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Understanding the precise role of ncRNAs in controlling the activation of inflammasomes will help us to design targeted therapies for multiple inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in the activation of inflammasomes by focusing on a range of inflammatory diseases, including microbial infection, sterile inflammatory diseases, and fibrosis-related diseases. Our goal is to provide new ideas and perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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27
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Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG15 Ameliorates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD)-Induced Neuronal Injury via Regulating the miR-9-5p/TIPARP Axis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:755-769. [PMID: 34453220 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with impaired nerve function. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is considered to be an important regulator of various diseases. Nevertheless, the role of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) in cerebral ischemia injury induced by stroke is still unclear. Cell-counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The caspase3 activity of cells was measured using Caspase3 Activity Assay Kit. Besides, the protein levels of apoptosis markers and TCCD-induced poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (TIPARP) were determined using western blot analysis. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to examine the relative expression of SNHG15 and miR-9-5p. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the interaction between miR-9-5p and SNHG15 or TIPARP. In addition, biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay was performed to evaluate the interaction between miR-9-5p and SNHG15 further. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was constructed to further explore the role of SNHG15 in neuronal injury in vivo. Our data showed that oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) could induce N-2a cell injury and enhance SNHG15 expression. Silenced SNHG15 could promote the viability and suppress the apoptosis of OGD-induced N-2a cells. Also, SNHG15 knockdown also could alleviate the neuronal injury of MCAO mice. Mechanistically, SNHG15 could sponge miR-9-5p, and miR-9-5p could target TIPARP. Further experiments revealed that miR-9-5p inhibition or TIPARP overexpression could reverse the suppressive effect of SNHG15 knockdown on OGD-induced N-2a cell injury. Our findings indicated that SNHG15 knockdown inhibited neuronal injury through the miR-9-5p/TIPARP axis, suggesting that SNHG15 might be a potential target for cerebral ischemia injury induced by stroke.
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28
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Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Han F, Chen Z. Special issue: Neuroinflammatory pathways as treatment targets in brain disorders autophagic regulation of neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105114. [PMID: 34192589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high lethality and increasing prevalence, effective therapy for ischemic stroke is still limited. As a crucial pathophysiological mechanism underlying ischemic injury, neuroinflammation remains a promising target for novel anti-ischemic strategies. However, the potential adverse effects limit the applications of traditional anti-inflammatory therapies. Recent explorations into the mechanisms of inflammation reveal that autophagy acts as a critical part in inflammation regulation. Autophagy refers to the hierarchically organized process resulting in the lysosomal degradation of intracellular components. Autophagic clearance of intracellular danger signals (DAMPs) suppresses the inflammation activation. Alternatively, autophagy blunts inflammation by removing either inflammasomes or the transcriptional modulators of cytokines. Interestingly, several compounds have been proved to alleviate neuroinflammatory responses and protect against ischemic injury by activating autophagy, highlighting autophagy as a promising target for the regulation of ischemia-induced neuroinflammation. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underlying autophagic regulation of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is less clear and further explorations are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Lab of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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29
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Kursun O, Yemisci M, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Karatas H. Migraine and neuroinflammation: the inflammasome perspective. J Headache Pain 2021; 22:55. [PMID: 34112082 PMCID: PMC8192049 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine, which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight findings of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD)-induced neuroinflammatory signaling in brain parenchyma from the inflammasome perspective. In addition, we discuss the limited data of the contribution of inflammasomes to other aspects of migraine pathophysiology, foremost the activation of the trigeminovascular system and thereby the generation of migraine pain. MAIN BODY Inflammasomes are signaling multiprotein complexes and key components of the innate immune system. Their activation causes the production of inflammatory cytokines that can stimulate trigeminal neurons and are thus relevant to the generation of migraine pain. The contribution of inflammasome activation to pain signaling has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best characterized inflammasome and there is emerging evidence of its role in a variety of inflammatory pain conditions, including migraine. In this review, we discuss, from an inflammasome point of view, cortical spreading depolarization (CSD)-induced neuroinflammatory signaling in brain parenchyma, the connection with genetic factors that make the brain vulnerable to CSD, and the relation of the inflammasome with diseases that are co-morbid with migraine, including stroke, epilepsy, and the possible links with COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION Neuroinflammatory pathways, specifically those involving inflammasome proteins, seem promising candidates as treatment targets, and perhaps even biomarkers, in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muge Yemisci
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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30
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Chen F, Han J, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang D. Identification of the biological function of miR-9 in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11440. [PMID: 34035993 PMCID: PMC8126262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury (SCII) is still a serious problem, and the mechanism is not fully elaborated. In the rat SCII model, qRT-PCR was applied to explore the altered expression of miR-9 (miR-9a-5p) after SCII. The biological function of miR-9 and its potential target genes based on bioinformatics analysis and experiment validation in SCII were explored next. Before the surgical procedure of SCII, miR-9 mimic and inhibitor were intrathecally infused. miR-9 mimic improved neurological function. In addition, miR-9 mimic reduced blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, inhibited apoptosis and decreased the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β after SCII. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the potential target genes of miR-9 were notably enriched in several biological processes, such as “central nervous system development”, “regulation of growth” and “response to cytokine”. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the potential target genes of miR-9 were significantly enriched in several signaling pathways, including “Notch signaling pathway”, “MAPK signaling pathway”, “Focal adhesion” and “Prolactin signaling pathway”. We further found that the protein expression of MAP2K3 and Notch2 were upregulated after SCII while miR-9 mimic reduced the increase of MAP2K3 and Notch2 protein. miR-9 mimic or MAP2K3 inhibitor reduced the release of IL-6 and IL-1β. miR-9 mimic or si-Notch2 reduced the increase of cleaved-caspase3. Moreover, MAP2K3 inhibitor and si-Notch2 reversed the effects of miR-9 inhibitor. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-9 improves neurological outcomes after SCII and might inhibit BSCB disruption, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis through MAP2K3-, or Notch2-mediated signaling pathway in SCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshou Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaili Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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31
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Gou X, Xu D, Li F, Hou K, Fang W, Li Y. Pyroptosis in stroke-new insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:511-529. [PMID: 33942252 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a common disease with high mortality and disability worldwide. Different forms of cell deaths, including apoptosis and necrosis, occur in ischemic or hemorrhagic brain tissue, among which pyroptosis, a newly discovered inflammation-related programmed cell death, is generally divided into two main pathways, the canonical inflammasome pathway and the non-canonical inflammasome pathway. Caspase-mediated pyroptosis requires the assembly of inflammasomes such as NLRP3, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 through the pores formed in the plasma membrane by GSDMD followed by neuroinflammation. Recently, pyroptosis and its relationship with inflammation have attracted more and more attention in the study of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. In addition, many inhibitors of pyroptosis targeting caspase, NLRP3, and the upstream pathway have been found to reduce brain tissue damage after stroke. In this review, we mainly introduce the pathology of stroke, the molecular mechanism, and process of pyroptosis, as well as the pivotal roles of pyroptosis in stroke, in order to provide new insights for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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32
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Franke M, Bieber M, Kraft P, Weber ANR, Stoll G, Schuhmann MK. The NLRP3 inflammasome drives inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:223-233. [PMID: 33307174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia induces a profound neuro-inflammatory response, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2) are intracellular multi-protein complexes which can induce sets of pro-inflammatory cyto- and chemokines, and thereby guide inflammation. We, here, assessed the functional role of NLRP3 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by 60 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and 3, 7 or 23 h of reperfusion, a paradigm of I/R injury. The expression patterns of inflammasomes in the ischemic hemispheres were evaluated by semiquantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot analysis accompanied by protein localization using immunocytochemistry. Finally, animals were treated with the inflammasome inhibitors Sulforaphane, Genipin, MCC950 or vehicle, directly before or upon recanalization after tMCAO. Stroke outcome was assessed, including infarct size and functional deficits, local inflammatory response, neuronal survival as well as blood-brain barrier function on day 1 after tMCAO. RESULTS After tMCAO the relative gene expression levels of NLRP3 increased 20-30x within 1 day in the ischemic hemisphere which translated into an increased expression of NLRP3 in neurons. Accordingly, the gene expression levels of the NLRP3-modulator, Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), and the NLRP3-inducible cytokine IL-1β significantly rose. Lesser or non-significant changes were seen for the other inflammasomes. Application of inflammasome inhibitors covering all inflammasomes or specifically NLRP3 significantly reduced infarct volumes when given before or after tMCAO and was accompanied by clear evidence for reduced activation of caspase 1. This stroke attenuating effect coincided with less immune cell infiltration in the ischemic hemisphere and preservation of the blood-brain barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons drives neuroinflammation in acute ischemic stroke. Early blockade of NLRP3 protects from I/R injury by mitigating inflammation and stabilizing the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Franke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Bieber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Main-Spessart, Grafen-von-Rieneck-Str. 5, 97816 Lohr, Germany.
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; iFIT - Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael K Schuhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Yang L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li J, Liu N. Azeliragon ameliorates Alzheimer's disease via the Janus tyrosine kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2348. [PMID: 33681944 PMCID: PMC7920406 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TTP488, an antagonist of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, was evaluated as a potential treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the protective action of TTP488 against AD has not yet been fully explored. METHODS Healthy male rats were exposed to aberrant amyloid β (Aβ) 1-42. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) overexpression lentivirus were injected to activate the NLRP1 inflammasome and exacerbate AD. TTP488 was administered to reverse AD injury. Finally, tofacitinib and fludarabine were used to inhibit the activity of Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) to prove the relationship between the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and TTP488. RESULTS LPS and NLRP1 overexpression significantly increased the NLRP1 levels, reduced neurological function, and aggravated neuronal damage, as demonstrated by the impact latency time of, time spent by, and length of the platform covered by, the mice in the Morris water maze assay, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining in rats with AD. CONCLUSIONS TTP488 administration successfully reduced AD injury and reversed the aforementioned processes. Additionally, tofacitinib and fludarabine administration could further reverse AD injury after the TTP488 intervention. These results suggest a new potential mechanism underlying the TTP488-mediated alleviation of AD injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Nursing Faculty of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054008, China
| | - Yepei Liu
- Medical Image Center, Xingtai City Fifth Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nursing Faculty of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054008, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Nursing Faculty of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054008, China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Na Liu
- Nursing Faculty of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054008, China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
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Chen X, Zhang X, Su C, Huang S. Long noncoding RNA HULC in acute ischemic stroke: Association with disease risk, severity, and recurrence-free survival and relation with IL-6, ICAM1, miR-9, and miR-195. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23500. [PMID: 32815572 PMCID: PMC7676200 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HULC in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods LncRNA HULC in plasma samples from 215 first episode AIS patients and 215 age/gender‐matched non‐AIS controls was detected by reverse transcriptional‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Then, in AIS patients, interleukin‐6 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as microRNA (miR) target of lncRNA HUCL (miR‐9 and miR‐195), were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and RT‐qPCR, respectively. Disease severity was assessed by National Institution of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score. AIS recurrence or death was recorded, and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was calculated. Results LncRNA HULC was increased in AIS patients compared to non‐AIS controls (P < .001), and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that it was correlated with increased AIS risk (area under curve: 0.876, 95% confidence interval: 0.843‐0.908). Meanwhile, lncRNA HULC was positively correlated with NIHSS score (P < .001, r = .456), interleukin‐6 (P < .001, r = .275) and ICAM1 (P < .001, r = .383), whereas negatively correlated with miR‐9 (P < .001, r = −.438) but not miR‐195 (P = .205, r = −.087) in AIS patients. Additionally, miR‐9 was negatively correlated with NIHSS score (P < .001, r = −.335), interleukin‐6 (P = .001, r = −.231), and ICAM1 (P < .001, r = −.280), while miR‐195 was only negatively associated with NIHSS score (P = .041, r = −.139) in AIS patients. Moreover, lncRNA HULC high expression predicted worse RFS (P = .013) in AIS patients. Conclusion LncRNA HULC is correlated with higher AIS risk, increased disease severity and worse prognosis in AIS patients. Meanwhile, it associates with higher IL‐6, elevated ICAM1, and lower miR‐9 AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, HuNan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Cong Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Wang K, Ru J, Zhang H, Chen J, Lin X, Lin Z, Wen M, Huang L, Ni H, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Melatonin Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis Through the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:848. [PMID: 33013286 PMCID: PMC7461850 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ischemic stroke-induced inflammation and inflammasome-dependent pyroptotic neural death cause serious neurological injury. Nano-sized plasma exosomes have exhibited therapeutic potential against ischemia and reperfusion injury by ameliorating inflammation. To enhance its therapeutic potential in patients with ischemic injury, we isolated exosomes from melatonin-treated rat plasma and assessed the neurological protective effect in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Basal plasma exosomes and melatonin-treated plasma exosomes were isolated and intravenously injected into a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Neurological recovery was evaluated by determining the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), infarct volume, and brain water content. Pyroptosis in the ischemic cortex was detected through dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and global inflammatory cytokine secretion were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay. In immunized Sprague-Dawley rats, microglia pyroptosis was determined through a positive percentage of IBA1+ and caspase-1 (p20)+ cells. Finally, the microRNA (miRNA) profiles in melatonin-treated plasma exosomes were analyzed by exosome miRNA microarray analysis. Results Melatonin treatment enhanced plasma exosome therapeutic effects against ischemia-induced inflammatory responses and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. In addition, we confirmed that ischemic stroke-induced pyroptotic cell death occurred in the microglia and neuron, while the administration of melatonin-treated exosomes further effectively decreased the infarct volume and improved recovery of function via regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, the altered miRNA profiles in the melatonin-treated plasma exosomes demonstrated the regulatory mechanisms involved in neurological recovery after ischemic injury. Conclusion This study suggests that nano-sized plasma exosomes with melatonin pretreatment might be a more effective strategy for patients with ischemic brain injury. Further exploration of key molecules in the plasma exosome may provide increased therapeutic value for cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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