1
|
Iwatani Y, Hayashi H, Oba H, Oba M, Sawamura A, Moriyama Y, Takagi N. Possible involvement of NAMPT in neuronal survival in cerebral ischemic injury under high-glucose conditions through the FoxO3a/LC3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116778. [PMID: 38788601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral infarction triggered by abnormal glucose tolerance has increased; however, the relationship between glucose concentration in the brain and the detailed mechanism of post ischemic cell death remains unclear. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an adipocytokine, is the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. Although NAMPT activation prevents neuronal injury, the relationship between NAMPT activity, glucose metabolism disorders, and cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death is unknown. In this study, we determined changes in NAMPT on cerebral ischemic injuries with diabetes using a db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes and then identified the underlying mechanisms using Neuro2a cells. The expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs was increased in db/db and db/+ middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice. Although NeuN-positive cells were decreased after MCAO/R, the number of NAMPT and NeuN double-positive cells in NeuN-positive neuronal cells increased in db/db MCAO/R mice. Next, the role of NAMPT in Neuro2a cells under conditions of high glucose (HGC) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which mimics diabetes-complicated cerebral infarction, was examined. Treatment with P7C3-A20, a NAMPT activator, suppressed the decrease in cell viability caused by HGC/OGD; however, there were no significant differences in the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins. Moreover, increased FoxO3a and LC3-II levels after HGC/OGD were inhibited by P7C3-A20 treatment. Our findings indicate that NAMPT activation is associated with neuronal survival under ischemic conditions with abnormal glucose tolerance through the regulation of FoxO3a/LC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Iwatani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Haruno Oba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Maho Oba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ann Sawamura
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Z, Wang Z, Deng X, Zhu L, Song Z, Cao C, Li X. P7C3-A20 treats traumatic brain injury in rats by inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1078-1083. [PMID: 37862211 PMCID: PMC10749631 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a severe health problem leading to autophagy and apoptosis in the brain. 3,6-Dibromo-beta-fluoro-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9H-carbazole-9-propanamine (P7C3-A20) can be neuroprotective in various diseases, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether P7C3-A20 has a therapeutic effect on traumatic brain injury and its possible molecular mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of P7C3-A20 on traumatic brain injury and explored the putative underlying molecular mechanisms. We established a traumatic brain injury rat model using a modified weight drop method. P7C3-A20 or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally after traumatic brain injury. Severe neurological deficits were found in rats after traumatic brain injury, with deterioration in balance, walking function, and learning memory. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed significant neuronal cell damage, while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining indicated a high rate of apoptosis. The presence of autolysosomes was observed using transmission electron microscope. P7C3-A20 treatment reversed these pathological features. Western blotting showed that P7C3-A20 treatment reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) autophagy protein, apoptosis-related proteins (namely, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 [BNIP3], and Bcl-2 associated x protein [Bax]), and elevated ubiquitin-binding protein p62 (p62) autophagy protein expression. Thus, P7C3-A20 can treat traumatic brain injury in rats by inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoqi Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaomeng Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
zur Nedden S, Safari MS, Fresser F, Faserl K, Lindner H, Sarg B, Baier G, Baier-Bitterlich G. PKN1 Exerts Neurodegenerative Effects in an In Vitro Model of Cerebellar Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy via Inhibition of AKT/GSK3β Signaling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1599. [PMID: 38002281 PMCID: PMC10669522 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a negative gatekeeper of neuronal AKT protein kinase activity during postnatal cerebellar development. The developing cerebellum is specifically vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia (HI), as it occurs during hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, a condition typically caused by oxygen deprivation during or shortly after birth. In that context, activation of the AKT cell survival pathway has emerged as a promising new target for neuroprotective interventions. Here, we investigated the role of PKN1 in an in vitro model of HI, using postnatal cerebellar granule cells (Cgc) derived from Pkn1 wildtype and Pkn1-/- mice. Pkn1-/- Cgc showed significantly higher AKT phosphorylation, resulting in reduced caspase-3 activation and improved survival after HI. Pkn1-/- Cgc also showed enhanced axonal outgrowth on growth-inhibitory glial scar substrates, further pointing towards a protective phenotype of Pkn1 knockout after HI. The specific PKN1 phosphorylation site S374 was functionally relevant for the enhanced axonal outgrowth and AKT interaction. Additionally, PKN1pS374 shows a steep decrease during cerebellar development. In summary, we demonstrate the pathological relevance of the PKN1-AKT interaction in an in vitro HI model and establish the relevant PKN1 phosphorylation sites, contributing important information towards the development of specific PKN1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie zur Nedden
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Motahareh Solina Safari
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Friedrich Fresser
- Institute for Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Protein Core Facility, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.F.); (H.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Protein Core Facility, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.F.); (H.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Bettina Sarg
- Protein Core Facility, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.F.); (H.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Institute for Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sridharan PS, Miller E, Pieper AA. Application of P7C3 Compounds to Investigating and Treating Acute and Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1616-1628. [PMID: 37651054 PMCID: PMC10684439 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading worldwide cause of disability, and there are currently no medicines that prevent, reduce, or reverse acute or chronic neurodegeneration in TBI patients. Here, we review the target-agnostic discovery of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH-stabilizing P7C3 compounds through a phenotypic screen in mice and describe how P7C3 compounds have been applied to advance understanding of the pathophysiology and potential treatment of TBI. We summarize how P7C3 compounds have been shown across multiple laboratories to mitigate disease progression safely and effectively in a broad range of preclinical models of disease related to impaired NAD+/NADH metabolism, including acute and chronic TBI, and note the reported safety and neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds in nonhuman primates. We also describe how P7C3 compounds facilitated the recent first demonstration that chronic neurodegeneration 1 year after TBI in mice, the equivalent of many decades in people, can be reversed to restore normal neuropsychiatric function. We additionally review how P7C3 compounds have facilitated discovery of new pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurodegeneration after TBI. This includes the role of rapid TBI-induced tau acetylation that drives axonal degeneration, and the discovery of brain-derived acetylated tau as the first blood-based biomarker of neurodegeneration after TBI that directly correlates with the abundance of a therapeutic target in the brain. We additionally review the identification of TBI-induced tau acetylation as a potential mechanistic link between TBI and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Lastly, we summarize historical accounts of other successful phenotypic-based drug discoveries that advanced medical care without prior recognition of the specific molecular target needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethy S Sridharan
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emiko Miller
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
P7C3-A20 Attenuates Microglial Inflammation and Brain Injury after ICH through Activating the NAD +/Sirt3 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7857760. [PMID: 36819779 PMCID: PMC9936507 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7857760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is lethal but lacks effective therapies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolite indispensable for a broader range of fundamental intracellular biological functions. Reduction of NAD+ usually occurs after acute brain insults, and supplementation of NAD+ has been proven neuroprotective. P7C3-A20 is a novel compound featuring its ability to facilitate the flux of NAD+. In this study, we sought to determine the potential therapeutic value of P7C3-A20 in ICH. In collagenase-induced ICH mouse models, we found that P7C3-A20 treatment could diminish lesion volume, reduce blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitigate brain edema, attenuate neural apoptosis, and improve neurological outcomes after ICH. Further, RNA sequencing and subsequent experiments revealed that ICH-induced neuroinflammation and microglial proinflammatory activities were significantly suppressed following P7C3-A20 treatment. Mitochondrial damage is an important trigger of inflammatory response. We examined mitochondrial morphology and function and found that P7C3-A20 could attenuate OxyHb-induced impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and functions in vitro. Mechanistically, Sirt3, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase located in mitochondria, was then found to play a vital role in the protection of P7C3-A20 against mitochondrial damage and inflammatory response. In rescue experiments, P7C3-A20 failed to exert those protective effects in microglia-specific Sirt3 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Finally, preclinical research revealed a correlation between the plasma NAD+ level and the neurological outcome in ICH patients. These results demonstrate that P7C3-A20 is a promising therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory injury after ICH and exerts protective actions, at least partly, in a Sirt3-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fei Y, Zhao B, Zhu J, Fang W, Li Y. XQ-1H promotes cerebral angiogenesis via activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin/VEGF signal in mice exposed to cerebral ischemic injury. Life Sci 2021; 272:119234. [PMID: 33607158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke still ranks as a most lethal disease worldwide. Angiogenesis during the chronic phase of ischemic stroke can alleviate ischemic injury and attenuate neurological deficit. XQ-1H is a new compound derived from the structure modification of ginkgolide B, which exerts anti-inflammation and neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury during the acute or subacute phase. However, whether XQ-1H facilitates angiogenesis and neural functional recovery during the chronic phase remains unclear. This research was designed to explore whether XQ-1H promotes angiogenesis after ischemic stroke and to preliminarily elucidate the mechanism. In vitro, XQ-1H was found to facilitate proliferation, migration and tube formation in bEnd.3 cells. In vivo, XQ-1H raised the CD31 positive microvessel number and increased focal cerebral blood flow in mice exposed to cerebral ischemic injury, and improved the neurological function. Mechanism studies revealed that XQ-1H exerted angiogenesis promoting effect via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin/VEGF signal pathway, which was reversed by LY294002 (the specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt). In conclusion, XQ-1H exerts angiogenetic effect both in vivo and in vitro, which is a potential agent against ischemic stroke during chronic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|