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Zhang S, Jiang L, Hu Z, Liu W, Yu H, Chu Y, Wang J, Chen Y. T1w/T2w ratio maps identify children with autism spectrum disorder and the relationships between myelin-related changes and symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111040. [PMID: 38806093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern neuroimaging methods have revealed that autistic symptoms are associated with abnormalities in brain morphology, connectivity, and activity patterns. However, the changes in brain microstructure underlying the neurobiological and behavioral deficits of autism remain largely unknown. METHODS we characterized the associated abnormalities in intracortical myelination pattern by constructing cortical T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio maps. Voxel-wise comparisons of cortical myelination were conducted between 150 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 139 typically developing (TD) children. Group differences in cortical T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio and gray matter volume were then examined for associations with autistic symptoms. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was also constructed to examine the utility of these regional abnormalities in cortical myelination for ASD diagnosis. RESULTS Compared to TD children, the ASD group exhibited widespread reductions in cortical myelination within regions related to default mode, salience, and executive control networks such as the inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral hippocampus, right calcarine sulcus, bilateral precentral, and left posterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, greater myelination deficits in most of these regions were associated with more severe autistic symptoms. In addition, children with ASD exhibited reduced myelination in regions with greater gray matter volume, including left insula, left cerebellum_4_5, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and right calcarine sulcus. Notably, the CNN model based on brain regions with abnormal myelination demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy for ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that microstructural abnormalities in myelination contribute to autistic symptoms and so are potentially promising therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Children Rehabilitation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yao Chu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiehuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yueqin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China.
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Ho CY, Persohn S, Sankar M, Territo PR. Development of Myelin Growth Charts of the White Matter Using T1 Relaxometry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024:ajnr.A8306. [PMID: 39025639 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myelin maturation occurs in late fetal life to early adulthood, with the most rapid changes observed in the first few years of infancy. To quantify the degree of myelination, a specific MR imaging sequence is required to measure the changes in tissue proton relaxivity (R1). R1 positively correlates with the degree of myelination maturation at a given age. Similar to head circumference charts, these data can be used to develop normal growth charts for specific white matter tracts to detect pathologies involving abnormal myelination. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using normal clinical pediatric brain MR images with the MP2RAGE sequence to generate T1 maps. The T1 maps were segmented to 75 brain regions from a brain atlas (white matter and gyri). Statistical modeling for all subjects across regions and the age range was computed, and estimates of population-level percentile ranking were computed to describe the effective myelination rate as a function of age. Test-retest analysis was performed to assess reproducibility. Logistic trendline and regression were performed for selected white matter regions and plotted for growth charts. RESULTS After exclusion for abnormal MR imaging or diseases affecting myelination from the electronic medical record, 103 subject MR images were included, ranging from birth to 17 years of age. Test-retest analysis resulted in a high correlation for white matter (r = 0.88) and gyri (r = 0.95). All white matter regions from the atlas had significant P values for logistic regression with R 2 values ranging from 0.41 to 0.99. CONCLUSIONS These data can serve as a myelination growth chart to permit patient comparisons with normal levels with respect to age and brain regions, thus improving detection of developmental disorders affecting myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Y Ho
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.Y.H., P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Scott Persohn
- Department of Medicine (S.P., M.S., P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meghana Sankar
- Department of Medicine (S.P., M.S., P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul R Territo
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.Y.H., P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine (S.P., M.S., P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute (P.R.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Xu S, Ma Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Ge X, Yue S, Li X, Qian J, Zhu D, Liu G, Zhang J. Quantitative assessment of preoperative brain development in pediatric congenital heart disease patients by synthetic MRI. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38954290 PMCID: PMC11219600 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the quantitative assessment and application of Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) for preoperative brain development in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS Forty-three CHD patients aged 2-24 months were prospectively included in the observation group, and 43 healthy infants were included in the control group. The SyMRI scans were processed by postprocessing software to obtain T1, T2, and PD maps. The values of T1, T2, and PD in different brain regions were compared with the scores of the five ability areas of the Gesell Development Scale by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS In the observation group, the T1 values of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), Optic radiation (PTR), cerebral peduncle, centrum semiovale, occipital white matter, temporal white matter, and dentate nucleus were greater than those in the control group. In the observation group, the T2 values of the PLIC, PTR, frontal white matter, occipital white matter, temporal white matter, and dentate nucleus were greater than those in the control group. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the observation group had significantly lower Development Scale scores. In the observation group, the T2 value of the splenium of the corpus callosum was significantly positively correlated with the personal social behavior score. The AUCs for diagnosing preoperative brain developmental abnormalities in children with CHD using T1 values of the temporal white matter and dentate nucleus were both greater than 0.60. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment using SyMRI can aid in the early detection of preoperative brain development abnormalities in children with CHD. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT T1 and T2 relaxation values from SyMRI can be considered as a quantitative imaging marker to detect abnormalities, allowing for early clinical evaluation and timely intervention, thereby reducing neurodevelopmental disorders in these children. KEY POINTS T1 and T2 relaxation values by SyMRI are related to myelin development. Evaluated development quotient markers were lower in the observation compared to the control group. SyMRI can act as a reference indicator for brain development in CHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Xu
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- MR Research Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Songhong Yue
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jifang Qian
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dalin Zhu
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Kienast P, Schmidbauer V, Yildirim MS, Seeliger S, Stuempflen M, Elis J, Giordano V, Fuiko R, Olischar M, Vierlinger K, Noehammer C, Berger A, Prayer D, Kasprian G, Goeral K. Neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhages: the potential of quantitative brainstem MRI. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae189. [PMID: 38715405 PMCID: PMC11077078 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to identify quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in the brainstem of preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhages. It delves into the intricate associations between quantitative brainstem magnetic resonance imaging metrics and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage, aiming to elucidate potential relationships and their clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neuroimaging was performed on preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage using a multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence to determine T1 relaxation time, T2 relaxation time, and proton density in specific brainstem regions. Neonatal outcome scores were collected using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Statistical analysis aimed to explore potential correlations between magnetic resonance imaging metrics and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Sixty preterm neonates (mean gestational age at birth 26.26 ± 2.69 wk; n = 24 [40%] females) were included. The T2 relaxation time of the midbrain exhibited significant positive correlations with cognitive (r = 0.538, P < 0.0001, Pearson's correlation), motor (r = 0.530, P < 0.0001), and language (r = 0.449, P = 0.0008) composite scores at 1 yr of age. CONCLUSION Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging can provide valuable insights into neurodevelopmental outcomes after intraventricular hemorrhage, potentially aiding in identifying at-risk neonates. Multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence sequences hold promise as an adjunct to conventional sequences, enhancing the sensitivity of neonatal magnetic resonance neuroimaging and supporting clinical decision-making for these vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Kienast
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Schmidbauer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehmet Salih Yildirim
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Selina Seeliger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Elis
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fuiko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Olischar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Noehammer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Goeral
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Beeskow AB, Hirsch FW, Denecke T, Sorge I, Gräfe D. Large Numbers for Small Children-Up to What Age Do Infants Benefit from a Longer Echo Time in Cerebral T2 MRI Sequences? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:511. [PMID: 38790506 PMCID: PMC11119191 DOI: 10.3390/children11050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In newborns, white matter shows a high T2-weighted (T2w) signal in MRI with poor grey-white matter contrast. To increase this contrast, an extremely long echo time (TE) is used in the examination of children. It is not known up to what age this long TE should be used. The purpose of this study was to find up to what age a long TE should be used in infants. In the prospective study, 101 infants (0-18 months) underwent cranial MRI at 3 Tesla. T2-weighted Fast Spin Echo sequences with long TE (200 ms) and medium TE (100 ms) were used. The signal intensities of the cortex and white matter were measured and the grey-white matter contrast (MC) was calculated. A cut-off age was determined. The T2w sequences with long TE had a statistically significantly higher MC until the age of six months (medium TE: 0.1 ± 0.05, Long TE: 0.19 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). After the tenth month, the T2w sequence with medium TE provided significantly better MC (Medium TE: 0.1 ± 0.05; long TE: 0.05 ± 0.4; p < 0.001). The use of a long TE is only helpful in the first six months of life. After the tenth month of life, a medium TE should be favored as is used in adult brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bettina Beeskow
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Franz Wolfgang Hirsch
- Department for Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.W.H.); (I.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Timm Denecke
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ina Sorge
- Department for Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.W.H.); (I.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Gräfe
- Department for Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.W.H.); (I.S.); (D.G.)
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Corti M, Byrne BJ, Gessler DJ, Thompson G, Norman S, Lammers J, Coleman KE, Liberati C, Elder ME, Escolar ML, Tuna IS, Mesaros C, Kleiner GI, Barbouth DS, Gray-Edwards HL, Clement N, Cleaver BD, Gao G. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy in a patient with Canavan disease using dual routes of administration and immune modulation. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:303-314. [PMID: 37601414 PMCID: PMC10432950 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene replacement therapy is a rational therapeutic strategy and clinical intervention for neurodegenerative disorders like Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy caused by biallelic mutations in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene. We aimed to investigate whether simultaneous intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of rAAV9-CB6-ASPA provides a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in an open-label, individual-patient, expanded-access trial for Canavan disease. Immunomodulation was given prophylactically prior to adeno-associated virus (AAV) treatment to prevent an immune response to ASPA or the vector capsid. The patient served as his own control, and change from baseline was assessed by clinical pathology tests, vector genomes in the blood, antibodies against ASPA and AAV capsids, levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) N-acetylaspartate (NAA), brain water content and morphology, clinical status, and motor function tests. Two years post treatment, the patient's white matter myelination had increased, motor function was improved, and he remained free of typical severe epilepsy. NAA level was reduced at 3 months and remained stable up to 4 years post treatment. Immunomodulation prior to AAV exposure enables repeat dosing and has prevented an anti-transgene immune response. Dual-route administration of gene therapy may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Corti
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dominic J. Gessler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Grace Thompson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samantha Norman
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jenna Lammers
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Coleman
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cristina Liberati
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melissa E. Elder
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Shands Children’s Hospital, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria L. Escolar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim S. Tuna
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Penn Medicine/Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Center of Excellence in Friedreich’s Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary I. Kleiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deborah S. Barbouth
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Heather L. Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Clement
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian D. Cleaver
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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7
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Akinci D’Antonoli T, Todea RA, Leu N, Datta AN, Stieltjes B, Pruefer F, Wasserthal J. Development and Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Automated Estimation of Myelin Maturation Using Pediatric Brain MRI Scans. Radiol Artif Intell 2023; 5:e220292. [PMID: 37795138 PMCID: PMC10546368 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.220292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To predict the corresponding age of myelin maturation from brain MRI scans in infants and young children by using a deep learning algorithm and to build upon previously published models. Materials and Methods Brain MRI scans acquired between January 1, 2011, and March 17, 2021, in our institution in patients aged 0-3 years were retrospectively retrieved from the archive. An ensemble of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network models was trained and internally validated in 710 patients to predict myelin maturation age on the basis of radiologist-generated labels. The model ensemble was tested on an internal dataset of 123 patients and two external datasets of 226 (0-25 months of age) and 383 (0-2 months of age) healthy children and infants, respectively. Mean absolute error (MAE) and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess model performance. Results The 2D, 3D, and 2D-plus-3D ensemble models showed MAE values of 1.43, 2.55, and 1.77 months, respectively, on the internal test set, values of 2.26, 2.27, and 1.22 months on the first external test set, and values of 0.44, 0.27, and 0.31 months on the second external test set. The ensemble model outperformed the previous state-of-the-art model on the same external test set (MAE = 1.22 vs 2.09 months). Conclusion The proposed deep learning model accurately predicted myelin maturation age using pediatric brain MRI scans and may help reduce the time needed to complete this task, as well as interobserver variability in radiologist predictions.Keywords: Pediatrics, MR Imaging, CNS, Brain/Brain Stem, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Artificial Intelligence, Pediatric Imaging, Myelin Maturation, Brain MRI, Neuroradiology Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Akinci D’Antonoli
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona-Alexandra Todea
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Leu
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre N. Datta
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Pruefer
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Wasserthal
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (T.A.D., N.L., F.P.) and
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (A.N.D.),
University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland; Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland (T.A.D.); and Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.A.T.) and Department of Research and Analysis,
Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.S., J.W.), University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Fabres RB, Cardoso DS, Aragón BA, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Ikebara JM, Drobyshevsky A, Kihara AH, de Fraga LS, Netto CA, Takada SH. Consequences of oxygen deprivation on myelination and sex-dependent alterations. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103864. [PMID: 37268283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, occurring with a higher prevalence in preterm infants, reaching 20 % to 50 % mortality in newborns in the perinatal period. When they survive, 25 % exhibit neuropsychological pathologies, such as learning difficulties, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. White matter injury is one of the main features found in oxygen deprivation injury, which can lead to long-term functional impairments, including cognitive delay and motor deficits. The myelin sheath accounts for much of the white matter in the brain by surrounding axons and enabling the efficient conduction of action potentials. Mature oligodendrocytes, which synthesize and maintain myelination, also comprise a significant proportion of the brain's white matter. In recent years, oligodendrocytes and the myelination process have become potential therapeutic targets to minimize the effects of oxygen deprivation on the central nervous system. Moreover, evidence indicate that neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways activated during oxygen deprivation may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. To summarize the most recent research about the impact of sexual dimorphism on the neuroinflammatory state and white matter injury after oxygen deprivation, this review presents an overview of the oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination, the impact of oxygen deprivation and neuroinflammation on oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders, and recent reports about sexual dimorphism regarding the neuroinflammation and white matter injury after neonatal oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Pamela Pinheiro Martins
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil.
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9
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Kwok PL, Lai AYT, Lai BMH, Luk SY, Tang KYK, Wong WWC, Khoo JLS. Magnetic resonance imaging of disorders with white matter changes in children and adolescents: a pictorial essay. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:1188-1206. [PMID: 36625927 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
White matter changes are seen in a spectrum of disorders in children and adolescents. Understanding their distribution and appearance helps to reach diagnoses in daily radiologic practice. This pictorial essay will outline the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of diseases with white matter changes including demyelinating diseases, dysmyelinating disorders/leukodystrophies, infections, autoimmune diseases, vascular causes, mitochondrial disorders and neurocutaneous syndromes, along with a brief overview of clinical aspects of the diseases such as typical age of presentation, etiology, symptoms and signs and treatment options. This article highlights important features in common white matter diseases in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Lam Kwok
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Alta Y T Lai
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Billy M H Lai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shiobhon Y Luk
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kendrick Y K Tang
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wendy W C Wong
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jennifer L S Khoo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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10
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Filimonova E, Amelina E, Sazonova A, Zaitsev B, Rzaev J. Assessment of normal myelination in infants and young children using the T1w/T2w mapping technique. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1102691. [PMID: 36925743 PMCID: PMC10011126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background White matter myelination is a crucial process of CNS maturation. The purpose of this study was to validate the T1w/T2w mapping technique for brain myelination assessment in infants and young children. Methods Ninety-four patients (0-23 months of age) without structural abnormalities on brain MRI were evaluated by using the T1w/T2w mapping method. The T1w/T2w signal intensity ratio, which reflects white matter integrity and the degree of myelination, was calculated in various brain regions. We performed a Pearson correlation analysis, a LOESS regression analysis, and a 2nd order polynomial regression analysis to describe the relationships between the regional metrics and the age of the patients (in months). Results T1w/T2w ratio values rapidly increased in the first 6-9 months of life and then slowed thereafter. The T1w/T2w mapping technique emphasized the contrast between myelinated and less myelinated structures in all age groups, which resulted in better visualization. There were strong positive correlations between the T1w/T2w ratio values from the majority of white matter ROIs and the subjects' age (R = 0.7-0.9, p < 0.001). Within all of the analyzed regions, there were non-linear relationships between age and T1/T2 ratio values that varied by anatomical and functional location. Regions such as the splenium and the genu of the corpus callosum showed the highest R2 values, thus indicating less scattering of data and a better fit to the model. Conclusion The T1w/T2w mapping technique may enhance our diagnostic ability to assess myelination patterns in the brains of infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Filimonova
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia Amelina
- Stream Data Analytics and Machine Learning Laboratory, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Sazonova
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris Zaitsev
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jamil Rzaev
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Richter L, Fetit AE. Accurate segmentation of neonatal brain MRI with deep learning. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1006532. [PMID: 36246394 PMCID: PMC9554654 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1006532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step toward delivering an accurate connectome of the human brain is robust segmentation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, which is particularly challenging when carried out on perinatal data. In this paper, we present an automated, deep learning-based pipeline for accurate segmentation of tissues from neonatal brain MRI and extend it by introducing an age prediction pathway. A major constraint to using deep learning techniques on developing brain data is the need to collect large numbers of ground truth labels. We therefore also investigate two practical approaches that can help alleviate the problem of label scarcity without loss of segmentation performance. First, we examine the efficiency of different strategies of distributing a limited budget of annotated 2D slices over 3D training images. In the second approach, we compare the segmentation performance of pre-trained models with different strategies of fine-tuning on a small subset of preterm infants. Our results indicate that distributing labels over a larger number of brain scans can improve segmentation performance. We also show that even partial fine-tuning can be superior in performance to a model trained from scratch, highlighting the relevance of transfer learning strategies under conditions of label scarcity. We illustrate our findings on large, publicly available T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans (n = 709, range of ages at scan: 26–45 weeks) obtained retrospectively from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Richter
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Leonie Richter
| | - Ahmed E. Fetit
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI CDT in Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Ozturk K, Nascene D. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Dentate Nucleus After Repeated Administration of Gadobutrol in Children. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:657-664. [PMID: 34453283 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate possible signal changes in the dentate nucleus (DN) on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) after administration of gadobutrol in a pediatric cohort. Total of 50 pediatric patients (mean age: 6.2 ± 4.3 years) with normal renal function exposed exclusively to the macrocyclic GBCA (mcGBCA) gadobutrol and 50 age- and sex-matched control patients with nonpathological neuroimaging findings (and no GBCA administration). Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined in the DN. A paired t test was performed to compare FA, MD values, and DN-to-middle cerebral peduncle (MCP) T1WI SI ratios between children exposed to gadobutrol and controls. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine any correlation between FA and MD values as well as T1WI SI ratios and confounding parameters. The mean FA values of DN was significantly lower in children with mcGBCA than in the control group (p < 0.001; non-GBCA group, 0.299 ± 0.03; mcGBCA group, 0.254 ± 0.05), but no significant difference of the T1WI SI ratio was noted between the mcGBCA group (0.946 ± 0.06) and the control group (0.963 ± 0.05; p = 0.336). There was also a significant MD value difference between mcGBCA group and control group (p < 0.001; non-GBCA group, 0.152 ± 0.02 × 10-3 mm2/s; mcGBCA group, 0.173 ± 0.03 × 10-3 mm2/s). A significant correlation was identified between FA/MD values and the number of mcGBCA administration (FA; correlation coefficient = - 0.355, p = 0.011 and MD; correlation coefficient = 0.334, p = 0.018). The administration of the gadobutrol was associated with higher MD and lower FA values in DN suggesting a difference in cerebellar tissue integrity between children exposed to mcGBCAs and control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Ozturk
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, B-226 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 292, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - David Nascene
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, B-226 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 292, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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13
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Farinha P, Coelho JMP, Reis CP, Gaspar MM. A Comprehensive Updated Review on Magnetic Nanoparticles in Diagnostics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123432. [PMID: 34947781 PMCID: PMC8706278 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been studied for diagnostic purposes for decades. Their high surface-to-volume ratio, dispersibility, ability to interact with various molecules and superparamagnetic properties are at the core of what makes MNPs so promising. They have been applied in a multitude of areas in medicine, particularly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the most well-accepted based on their excellent superparamagnetic properties and low toxicity. Nevertheless, IONPs are facing many challenges that make their entry into the market difficult. To overcome these challenges, research has focused on developing MNPs with better safety profiles and enhanced magnetic properties. One particularly important strategy includes doping MNPs (particularly IONPs) with other metallic elements, such as cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), to reduce the iron (Fe) content released into the body resulting in the creation of multimodal nanoparticles with unique properties. Another approach includes the development of MNPs using other metals besides Fe, that possess great magnetic or other imaging properties. The future of this field seems to be the production of MNPs which can be used as multipurpose platforms that can combine different uses of MRI or different imaging techniques to design more effective and complete diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Farinha
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - João M. P. Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.C.); (C.P.R.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.C.); (C.P.R.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.C.); (C.P.R.); (M.M.G.)
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14
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Wada A, Saito Y, Fujita S, Irie R, Akashi T, Sano K, Kato S, Ikenouchi Y, Hagiwara A, Sato K, Tomizawa N, Hayakawa Y, Kikuta J, Kamagata K, Suzuki M, Hori M, Nakanishi A, Aoki S. Automation of a Rule-based Workflow to Estimate Age from Brain MR Imaging of Infants and Children Up to 2 Years Old Using Stacked Deep Learning. Magn Reson Med Sci 2021; 22:57-66. [PMID: 34897147 PMCID: PMC9849414 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myelination-related MR signal changes in white matter are helpful for assessing normal development in infants and children. A rule-based myelination evaluation workflow regarding signal changes on T1-weighted images (T1WIs) and T2-weighted images (T2WIs) has been widely used in radiology. This study aimed to simulate a rule-based workflow using a stacked deep learning model and evaluate age estimation accuracy. METHODS The age estimation system involved two stacked neural networks: a target network-to extract five myelination-related images from the whole brain, and an age estimation network from extracted T1- and T2WIs separately. A dataset was constructed from 119 children aged below 2 years with two MRI systems. A four-fold cross-validation method was adopted. The correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the corrected chronological age of full-term birth, as well as the mean difference and the upper and lower limits of 95% agreement, were measured. Generalization performance was assessed using datasets acquired from different MR images. Age estimation was performed in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) cases. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between estimated age and corrected chronological age (MAE: 0.98 months; RMSE: 1.27 months; and CC: 0.99). The mean difference and standard deviation (SD) were -0.15 and 1.26, respectively, and the upper and lower limits of 95% agreement were 2.33 and -2.63 months. Regarding generalization performance, the performance values on the external dataset were MAE of 1.85 months, RMSE of 2.59 months, and CC of 0.93. Among 13 SWS cases, 7 exceeded the limits of 95% agreement, and a proportional bias of age estimation based on myelination acceleration was exhibited below 12 months of age (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Stacked deep learning models automated the rule-based workflow in radiology and achieved highly accurate age estimation in infants and children up to 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Wada
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author: Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Phone: +81-3-5802-1230, Fax: +81-3-3816-0958, E-mail:
| | - Yuya Saito
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Irie
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akashi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Sano
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kato
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ikenouchi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tomizawa
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Hayakawa
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kikuta
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michimasa Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakanishi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Benign longitudinal T2-hyperintense signal in the lateral cord in infancy: a cross-sectional study of spinal cord white matter maturation on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:2069-2076. [PMID: 34143226 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal T2-hyperintense signal is commonly seen in the spinal cord of infants and likely reflects normal unmyelinated white matter tracts, but it can be mistaken for pathology. Autopsy studies have described incomplete myelination of spinal cord in early childhood; however, the maturation timeline of the spinal cord has not been described on imaging. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the maturation timeline of the spinal cord on MRI to provide a baseline for image interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed axial T2-W images of the spinal cord acquired on 1.5-tesla (T) and 3.0-T MRI in children ages 0-2 years for presence of longitudinal T2-hyperintense signal, and we subjectively graded this signal as 0 (absent) to 3 (pronounced). Further, we reviewed a summary of medical records for confounding pathology in the brain or spine. Cord signal was interpreted as normal in the clinical report by subspecialized pediatric neuroradiologists for all included children. RESULTS We reviewed 437 MRI exams from 409 children and included 189 studies in the analysis. Longitudinal T2-hyperintense signal in the lateral cord was seen in 95% (19/20) of subjects <1 month of age and was not seen in subjects ages 21-24 months (0/15). Grade 3 signal was seen in 22% (11/50) of infants ages 0-2 months and was not seen infants older than 5 months. CONCLUSION Characteristic symmetrical longitudinal T2 hyperintensity in the lateral spinal cord is common in infants and should not be mistaken for pathology, and it was not seen in children older than 21 months.
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16
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He AX. Optimal input for language development: Tailor nurture to nature. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Xiaoxue He
- Department of English Language & Literature Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
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17
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Burgetova R, Dusek P, Burgetova A, Pudlac A, Vaneckova M, Horakova D, Krasensky J, Varga Z, Lambert L. Age-related magnetic susceptibility changes in deep grey matter and cerebral cortex of normal young and middle-aged adults depicted by whole brain analysis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:3906-3919. [PMID: 34476177 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron accumulates in brain tissue in healthy subjects during aging. Our goal was to conduct a detailed analysis of iron deposition patterns in the cerebral deep grey matter and cortex using region-based and whole-brain analyses of brain magnetic susceptibility. Methods Brain MRI was performed in 95 healthy individuals aged between 21 and 58 years on a 3T scanner. MRI protocol included T1-weighted (T1W) magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo images and 3D flow-compensated multi-echo gradient-echo images for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). In the region-based analysis, QSM and T1W images entered an automated multi-atlas segmentation pipeline and regional mean bulk susceptibility values were calculated. The whole-brain analysis included a non-linear transformation of QSM images to the standard MNI template. For the whole-brain analysis voxel-wise maps of linear regression slopes β and P values were calculated. Regional masks of cortical voxels with a significant association between susceptibility and age were created and further analyzed. Results In cortical regions, the highest increase of susceptibility values with age was found in areas involved in motor functions (precentral and postcentral areas, premotor cortex), in cognitive processing (prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, insula, precuneus), and visual processing (occipital gyri, cuneus, posterior cingulum, fusiform, calcarine and lingual gyrus). Thalamic susceptibility increased until the fourth decade and decreased thereafter with the exception of the pulvinar where susceptibility increase was observed throughout the adult lifespan. Deep grey matter structures with the highest increase of susceptibility values with age included the red nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, external globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and the subthalamic nucleus in decreasing order. Conclusions Accumulation of iron in basal ganglia follows a linear pattern whereas in the thalamus, pulvinar, precentral cortex, and precuneus, it follows a quadratic or exponential pattern. Age-related changes of iron content are different in the pulvinar and the rest of the thalamus as well as in internal and external globus pallidus. In the cortex, areas involved in motor and cognitive functions and visual processing show the highest iron increase with aging. We suggest that the departure from normal patterns of regional brain iron trajectories during aging may be helpful in the detection of subtle neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Burgetova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Burgetova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Pudlac
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zsoka Varga
- Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lambert
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Chesnut M, Hartung T, Hogberg H, Pamies D. Human Oligodendrocytes and Myelin In Vitro to Evaluate Developmental Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7929. [PMID: 34360696 PMCID: PMC8347131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is uniquely sensitive to toxic insults and there are concerns that environmental chemicals are contributing to widespread subclinical developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Increased DNT evaluation is needed due to the lack of such information for most chemicals in common use, but in vivo studies recommended in regulatory guidelines are not practical for the large-scale screening of potential DNT chemicals. It is widely acknowledged that developmental neurotoxicity is a consequence of disruptions to basic processes in neurodevelopment and that testing strategies using human cell-based in vitro systems that mimic these processes could aid in prioritizing chemicals with DNT potential. Myelination is a fundamental process in neurodevelopment that should be included in a DNT testing strategy, but there are very few in vitro models of myelination. Thus, there is a need to establish an in vitro myelination assay for DNT. Here, we summarize the routes of myelin toxicity and the known models to study this particular endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helena Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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Pérez-Serrano C, Bartolomé Á, Bargalló N, Sebastià C, Nadal A, Gómez O, Oleaga L. Perinatal post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS): a pictorial review. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:104. [PMID: 34292413 PMCID: PMC8298710 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities cause approximately 32–37.7% of terminations of pregnancy (TOP). Autopsy is currently the gold standard for assessing dead foetuses and stillborn. However, it has limitations and is sometimes subject to parental rejection. Recent studies have described post-mortem foetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternative and even complementary to autopsy for CNS assessment. Radiologists now play a key role in the evaluation of perinatal deaths. Assessment of foetal CNS abnormalities is difficult, and interpretation of foetal studies requires familiarisation with normal and abnormal findings in post-mortem MRI studies as well as the strengths and limitations of the imaging studies. The purpose of this pictorial review is to report our experience in the post-mortem MRI evaluation of the CNS system, including a description of the protocol used, normal CNS findings related to post-mortem status, abnormal CNS findings in our sample, and the correlation of these findings with histopathological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Serrano
- Radiology Department, CDIC, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Bartolomé
- Radiology Department, CDIC, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Radiology Department, CDIC, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sebastià
- Radiology Department, CDIC, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gómez
- Gynecology Department, ICGON, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Oleaga
- Radiology Department, CDIC, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel no. 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Short-term outcomes after a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:1249-1254. [PMID: 33064213 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and radiological predictors of recurrent acute symptomatic seizures (RASS) and motor impairment at discharge after a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). METHODS In a nonconcurrent cohort study, 33 full-term newborns with NAIS confirmed by MRI are admitted into our hospital between January 2003 and December 2012. Stroke size, calculated as stroke volume divided by whole brain volume (WBV), was categorized as > or < 3.3% of WBV. A univariate analysis of categorical variables was performed using Fisher's exact test. A multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression models including all variables with a p value < 0.1 in the univariate analysis. RESULTS The median age at NAIS was 2 days (IQR, 1-5.6), 36.4% were girls. The stroke size was > 3.3 of WBV in 48.5% of the cases, and 54.5% showed multifocal lesions. Involvement of the cerebral cortex (54.5%), thalamus (48.5%), posterior limb of the internal capsule (36.4%), basal ganglia (36.4%), and brainstem (28.2%) were found. At discharge, 45.5% of newborns had a motor deficit, and 27.3% had at least two seizures. Multivariate analyses revealed that stroke size > 3.3% of WBV (OR: 8.1, CI: 1.2-53.9) and basal ganglia involvement (OR: 12.8, CI: 1.7-95.4) predicted motor impairment at discharge. Cortical involvement of temporal and frontal lobes (OR: 14, CI: 2.2-88.1; and OR: 9.1, CI: 1.2-72.6) were predictive of RASS. CONCLUSION Stroke size and location are independent risk factors for adverse short-term neurological outcomes in full-term newborns following a NAIS.
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Majovska J, Nestrasil I, Paulson A, Nascene D, Jurickova K, Hlavata A, Lund T, Orchard PJ, Vaneckova M, Zeman J, Magner M, Dusek P. White matter alteration and cerebellar atrophy are hallmarks of brain MRI in alpha-mannosidosis. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:189-197. [PMID: 33317989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite profound neurological symptomatology there are only few MRI studies focused on the brain abnormalities in alpha-mannosidosis (AM). Our aim was to characterize brain MRI findings in a large cohort of AM patients along with clinical manifestations. METHODS Twenty-two brain MRIs acquired in 13 untreated AM patients (8 M/5F; median age 17 years) were independently assessed by three experienced readers and compared to 16 controls. RESULTS Focal and/or diffuse hyperintense signals in the cerebral white matter were present in most (85%) patients. Cerebellar atrophy was common (62%), present from the age of 5 years. Progression was observed in two out of 6 patients with follow-up scans. Cortical atrophy (62%) and corpus callosum thinning (23%) were already present in a 13-month-old child. The presence of low T2 signal intensity in basal ganglia and thalami was excluded by the normalized signal intensity profiling. The enlargement of perivascular spaces in white matter (38%), widening of perioptic CSF spaces (62%), and enlargement of cisterna magna (85%) were also observed. Diploic space thickening (100%), mucosal thickening (69%) and sinus hypoplasia (54%) were the most frequent non-CNS abnormalities. CONCLUSION White matter changes and cerebellar atrophy are proposed to be the characteristic brain MRI features of AM. The previously reported decreased T2 signal intensity in basal ganglia and thalami was not detected in this quantitative study. Rather, this relative MR appearance seems to be related to the diffuse high T2 signal in the adjacent white matter and not the gray matter iron deposition that has been hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Majovska
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Nestrasil
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy Paulson
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Nascene
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katarina Jurickova
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Human Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Hlavata
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Human Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Troy Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul J Orchard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Magner
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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de Curtis M, Garbelli R, Uva L. A hypothesis for the role of axon demyelination in seizure generation. Epilepsia 2021; 62:583-595. [PMID: 33493363 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of myelin and altered oligodendrocyte distribution in the cerebral cortex are commonly observed both in postsurgical tissue derived from different focal epilepsies (such as focal cortical dysplasias and tuberous sclerosis) and in animal models of focal epilepsy. Moreover, seizures are a frequent symptom in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and in animal models of demyelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction. Finally, the excessive activity reported in demyelinated axons may promote hyperexcitability. We hypothesize that the extracellular potassium rise generated during epileptiform activity may be amplified by the presence of axons without appropriate myelin coating and by alterations in oligodendrocyte function. This process could facilitate the triggering of recurrent spontaneous seizures in areas of altered myelination and could result in further demyelination, thus promoting epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Uva
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies constitute a subset of genetic white matter disorders characterized by a primary lack of myelin deposition. Most patients with severe hypomyelination present in infancy or early childhood and develop severe neurological deficits, but the clinical presentation can also be mild with onset of symptoms in adolescence or adulthood. MRI can be used to visualize the process of myelination in detail, and MRI pattern recognition can provide a clinical diagnosis in many patients. Next-generation sequencing provides a definitive diagnosis in 80-90% of patients. Genes associated with hypomyelination include those that encode structural myelin proteins but also many that encode proteins involved in RNA translation and some lysosomal proteins. The precise pathomechanisms remain to be elucidated. Improved understanding of the process of myelination, the metabolic axonal support functions of myelin and the proposed contribution of myelin to CNS plasticity provide possible explanations as to why almost all patients with hypomyelination experience slow clinical decline after a long phase of stability. In this Review, we provide an overview of the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, the advances in our understanding of myelin biology and of the genes involved in these disorders, and the insights these advances have provided into their clinical presentations and evolution.
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24
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Gale-Grant O, Christiaens D, Cordero-Grande L, Chew A, Falconer S, Makropoulos A, Harper N, Price AN, Hutter J, Hughes E, Victor S, Counsell SJ, Rueckert D, Hajnal JV, Edwards AD, O'Muircheartaigh J, Batalle D. Parental age effects on neonatal white matter development. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102283. [PMID: 32526683 PMCID: PMC7284122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced paternal age is associated with a range of later negative outcomes. It is not known if these negative outcomes are due to genetics or environment. We use neonatal diffusion MRI to demonstrate paternal age effect on white matter. The babies of older fathers had reduced fractional anisotropy in multiple areas. These changes correlated with cognitive outcome at 18 months.
Objective Advanced paternal age is associated with poor offspring developmental outcome. Though an increase in paternal age-related germline mutations may affect offspring white matter development, outcome differences could also be due to psychosocial factors. Here we investigate possible cerebral changes prior to strong environmental influences using brain MRI in a cohort of healthy term-born neonates. Methods We used structural and diffusion MRI images acquired soon after birth from a cohort (n = 275) of healthy term-born neonates. Images were analysed using a customised tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) processing pipeline. Neurodevelopmental assessment using the Bayley-III scales was offered to all participants at age 18 months. For statistical analysis neonates were compared in two groups, representing the upper quartile (paternal age ≥38 years) and lower three quartiles. The same method was used to assess associations with maternal age. Results In infants with older fathers (≥38 years), fractional anisotropy, a marker of white matter organisation, was significantly reduced in three early maturing anatomical locations (the corticospinal tract, the corpus callosum, and the optic radiation). Fractional anisotropy in these locations correlated positively with Bayley-III cognitive composite score at 18 months in the advanced paternal age group. A small but significant reduction in total brain volume was also observed in in the infants of older fathers. No significant associations were found between advanced maternal age and neonatal imaging. Conclusions The epidemiological association between advanced paternal age and offspring outcome is extremely robust. We have for the first time demonstrated a neuroimaging phenotype of advanced paternal age before sustained parental interaction that correlates with later outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gale-Grant
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas Harper
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Victor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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25
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Ferreira BK, Rodrigues MT, Streck EL, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF. White matter disturbances in phenylketonuria: Possible underlying mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:349-360. [PMID: 32141105 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
White matter pathologies, as well as intellectual disability, microcephaly, and other central nervous system injuries, are clinical traits commonly ascribed to classic phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is an inherited metabolic disease elicited by the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Accumulation of l-phenylalanine (Phe) and its metabolites is found in tissues and body fluids in phenylketonuric patients. In order to mitigate the clinical findings, rigorous dietary Phe restriction constitutes the core of therapeutic management in PKU. Myelination is the process whereby the oligodendrocytes wrap myelin sheaths around the axons, supporting the conduction of action potentials. White matter injuries are implicated in the brain damage related to PKU, especially in untreated or poorly treated patients. The present review summarizes evidence toward putative mechanisms driving the white matter pathology in PKU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Klippel Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroenergética e Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Bioquímica e Biofísica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Melissa Torres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroenergética e Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Bioquímica e Biofísica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Evaluation of changes in myelination in the brain during infancy and childhood using ADC maps. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.633584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bhala S, Best AF, Giri N, Alter BP, Pao M, Gropman A, Baker EH, Savage SA. CNS manifestations in patients with telomere biology disorders. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:370. [PMID: 31872047 PMCID: PMC6878838 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective We systematically evaluated CNS manifestations in patients with inherited telomere biology disorders (TBDs) to better understand the clinical and biological consequences of germline aberrations in telomere biology. Methods Forty-four participants with TBDs (31 dyskeratosis congenita, 12 Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, and 1 Revesz syndrome) enrolled in an institutional review board-approved longitudinal cohort study underwent detailed clinical assessments, brain MRI, and genetic testing. Lymphocyte telomere length Z-scores were calculated to adjust for age. Results In this cohort, 25/44 (57%) patients with a TBD had at least 1 structural brain abnormality or variant, most commonly cerebellar hypoplasia (39%). Twenty-one patients (48%) had neurodevelopmental disorder or psychomotor abnormality. Twelve had psychiatric diagnoses, including depression and/or anxiety disorders. Other findings such as hypomyelination, prominent cisterna magna, and cavum septum pellucidum were more frequent than in the general population (p < 0.001). Shorter lymphocyte telomere length was associated with an increased number of MRI findings (p = 0.02) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities (p < 0.001). Patients with autosomal recessive or X-linked TBDs had more neurologic findings than those with autosomal dominant disease. Conclusions Structural brain abnormalities and variants are common in TBDs, as are neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. The connection between neurodevelopment and telomere biology warrants future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bhala
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ana F Best
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maryland Pao
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eva H Baker
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch (S.B., N.G., B.P.A., S.A.S.) and Biostatistics Branch (A.F.B.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Office of the Clinical Director (M.P.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.H.B.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Okazaki T, Niwa T, Suzuki K, Shibukawa S, Imai Y. Age related signal changes of the pituitary stalk on thin-slice magnetic resonance imaging in infants. Brain Dev 2019; 41:327-333. [PMID: 30514608 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Signals of some brain regions change along with development in T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in infants. This study aimed to assess the association of the signal intensity of the pituitary stalk on thin-slice T1WI with infant age. METHODS This retrospective study was performed in 89 infants (gestational age [GA], 25-41 weeks; postmenstrual age [PMA], 36-46 weeks; chronological age [CA], 4-141 days) without intracranial abnormalities. The signal ratio of the pituitary stalk/pons on thin-slice T1WI was calculated, and its correlations with GA, PMA, and CA were assessed. Additionally, the signal ratio of the anterior pituitary gland/pons was calculated, and its correlation with that of the pituitary stalk was assessed. The signal intensity and distribution of the pituitary stalk were visually rated, and their correlations with GA, PMA, and CA were assessed. RESULTS The signal ratio of the pituitary stalk was significantly positively correlated with GA (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with CA (P < 0.001), but was not correlated with PMA. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that CA was independently associated with the signal ratio of the pituitary stalk (P < 0.001). GA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and CA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in infants with a high signal intensity and wide distribution of high signal intensity of the pituitary stalk. CONCLUSIONS The signal intensity of the pituitary stalk on T1WI was negatively correlated with CA in infants, which might be related to postnatal changes in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary stalk after birth in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okazaki
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsu Niwa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shibukawa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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Pietsch M, Christiaens D, Hutter J, Cordero-Grande L, Price AN, Hughes E, Edwards AD, Hajnal JV, Counsell SJ, Tournier JD. A framework for multi-component analysis of diffusion MRI data over the neonatal period. Neuroimage 2019; 186:321-337. [PMID: 30391562 PMCID: PMC6347572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a framework for creating a time-resolved group average template of the developing brain using advanced multi-shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging data, for use in group voxel or fixel-wise analysis, atlas-building, and related applications. This relies on the recently proposed multi-shell multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MSMT-CSD) technique. We decompose the signal into one isotropic component and two anisotropic components, with response functions estimated from cerebrospinal fluid and white matter in the youngest and oldest participant groups, respectively. We build an orientationally-resolved template of those tissue components from data acquired from 113 babies between 33 and 44 weeks postmenstrual age, imaged as part of the Developing Human Connectome Project. These data were split into weekly groups, and registered to the corresponding group average templates using a previously-proposed non-linear diffeomorphic registration framework, designed to align orientation density functions (ODF). This framework was extended to allow the use of the multiple contrasts provided by the multi-tissue decomposition, and shown to provide superior alignment. Finally, the weekly templates were registered to the same common template to facilitate investigations into the evolution of the different components as a function of age. The resulting multi-tissue atlas provides insights into brain development and accompanying changes in microstructure, and forms the basis for future longitudinal investigations into healthy and pathological white matter maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J-Donald Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Nicolas-Jilwan M. Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II: Hypoplastic basal ganglia in two siblings with a novel mutation of the cytochrome b5 reductase gene. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:143-147. [PMID: 30614390 DOI: 10.1177/1971400918822153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II is a very rare autosomal recessive hematologic disorder due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, usually caused by full-stop mutations or deletions. This disease classically presents with mild neonatal cyanosis, early onset severe progressive developmental delay, movement disorders, and progressive microcephaly. We report two siblings with recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II whose evaluation revealed a novel p.Arg92Trp missense mutation of the CYB5R3 gene and a peculiar imaging finding of basal ganglia hypoplasia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at age 10 months in the older sibling and at age three months in the younger sibling. It revealed similar findings of bilateral small size of the lentiform and caudate nuclei and reduced frontotemporal brain volume. Our patient cases highlight that basal ganglia hypoplasia is an interesting clue to the very rare and frequently unsuspected diagnosis of recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II, that may explain the associated movement disorders. The novel missense mutation is one of very few identified missense mutations known to cause severe type II recessive congenital methemoglobinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Nicolas-Jilwan
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Liu S, Li A, Zhu M, Li J, Liu B. Genetic influences on cortical myelination in the human brain. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12537. [PMID: 30394688 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortical myelination, which is essential for interneuronal communication and neurodevelopment, has been reported to be under genetic control. However, the degree to which genes contribute to the variability of myelination, the pattern of genetic control, and how genes influence the organization of myelination are largely unknown. To answer these questions, the present study calculated heritability estimates for myelination of the cortical regions using the high quality structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the Human Connectome Project pedigree cohort (n = 873, 383/490 M/F, 22-36 years of age). Then, we used transcriptional profiles to evaluate the contribution of myelination-related genes (data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas) to explain interregional variations in cortical myelination. Our results showed that all the cortical areas were modestly to moderately influenced by genetic factors (h2 = 29%-66%, all Ps < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The genetic control of cortical myelination showed bilateral symmetry and an anterior-to-posterior gradation. A bivariate model indicated that the regions are strongly genetically correlated with their homologs in the opposite cerebral hemisphere. A cross-modal analysis did not find a correlation between cortical myelination and the expression levels of myelination-related genes. This could have been due to the small number of samples with expression data in each cortical region. Overall, our findings suggest that cortical myelination is shaped by genetic factors and may be useful to bridge the underlying genetic variants and the cognitive functioning and related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Eminian S, Hajdu SD, Meuli RA, Maeder P, Hagmann P. Rapid high resolution T1 mapping as a marker of brain development: Normative ranges in key regions of interest. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198250. [PMID: 29902203 PMCID: PMC6002025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We studied in a clinical setting the age dependent T1 relaxation time as a marker of normal late brain maturation and compared it to conventional techniques, namely the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Materials and methods Forty-two healthy subjects ranging from ages 1 year to 20 years were included in our study. T1 brain maps in which the intensity of each pixel corresponded to T1 relaxation times were generated based on MR imaging data acquired using a MP2RAGE sequence. During the same session, diffusion tensor imaging data was collected. T1 relaxation times and ADC in white matter and grey matter were measured in seven clinically relevant regions of interest and were correlated to subjects’ age. Results In the basal ganglia, there was a small, yet significant, decrease in T1 relaxation time (-0.45 ≤R≤-0.59, p<10−2) and ADC (-0.60≤R≤-0.65, p<10−4) as a function of age. In the frontal and parietal white matter, there was a significant decrease in T1 relaxation time (-0.62≤R≤-0.68, p<10−4) and ADC (-0.81≤R≤-0.85, p<10−4) as a function of age. T1 relaxation time changes in the corpus callosum and internal capsule were less relevant for this age range. There was no significant difference between the correlation of T1 relaxation time and ADC with respect to age (p-value = 0.39). The correlation between T1 relaxation and ADC is strong in the white matter but only moderate in basal ganglia over this age period. Conclusions T1 relaxation time is a marker of brain maturation or myelination during late brain development. Between the age of 1 and 20 years, T1 relaxation time decreases as a function of age in the white matter and basal ganglia. The greatest changes occur in frontal and parietal white matter. These regions are known to mature in the final stage of development and are mainly composed of association circuits. Age-correlation is not significantly different between T1 relaxation time and ADC. Therefore, T1 relaxation time does not appear to be a superior marker of brain maturation than ADC but may be considered as complementary owing the intrinsic differences in bio-physical sensitivity. This work may serve as normative ranges in clinical imaging routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Eminian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven David Hajdu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Reto Antoine Meuli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Maeder
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
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Niwa T, Yoneda T, Hayashi M, Suzuki K, Shibukawa S, Okazaki T, Imai Y. Characteristic phase distribution in the white matter of infants on phase difference enhanced imaging. J Neuroradiol 2018; 45:374-379. [PMID: 29604325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The infantile brain is continuously undergoing development. Non-invasive methods to assess the neurological development of infants are important for the early detection of abnormalities. Some microstructures in the brain have been demonstrated via phase difference-enhanced imaging (PADRE), which may reflect myelin-related microstructures. We aimed to assess the white matter (WM) signal distribution in infants using PADRE and compared it with that using T1-weighted images (T1WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHOD This study included 18 infants (postmenstrual age at MRI, 37-40 weeks) without abnormal findings on MRI. Signal distribution using T1WI, a fractional anisotropy (FA) map and PADRE was assessed regarding the following intraparenchymal structures: the optic radiation (OR), internal capsule (IC), corpus callosum, corticospinal tract (CST), semiovale center and subcortical regions. RESULTS We found that the signal distribution was significantly different (P<0.001) with a relatively large signal change found at the IC and CST across the three imaging methods. Signal changes were also greater at the OR and rolandic subcortical WM on PADRE, whereas these were smaller on T1WI and FA. CONCLUSION PADRE demonstrated a characteristic phase shift distribution in infantile WM, which was different from that observed on T1WI and FA maps, and may demonstrate the developing myelin-related structures. PADRE can be a unique indicator of infantile brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesu Niwa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yoneda
- Department of Medical Physics in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hayashi
- College of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University, 673 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8703, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shibukawa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazaki
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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Kwon JM, Matern D, Kurtzberg J, Wrabetz L, Gelb MH, Wenger DA, Ficicioglu C, Waldman AT, Burton BK, Hopkins PV, Orsini JJ. Consensus guidelines for newborn screening, diagnosis and treatment of infantile Krabbe disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:30. [PMID: 29391017 PMCID: PMC5796396 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krabbe disease is a rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by deficiency of galactocerebrosidase. Patients with the infantile form of Krabbe disease can be treated at a presymptomatic stage with human stem cell transplantation which improves survival and clinical outcomes. However, without a family history, most cases of infantile Krabbe disease present after onset of symptoms and are ineligible for transplantation. In 2006, New York began screening newborns for Krabbe disease to identify presymptomatic cases. To ensure that those identified with infantile disease received timely treatment, New York public health and medical systems took steps to accurately diagnose and rapidly refer infants for human stem cell transplantation within the first few weeks of life. After 11 years of active screening in New York and the introduction of Krabbe disease newborn screening in other states, new information has been gained which can inform the design of newborn screening programs to improve infantile Krabbe disease outcomes. FINDINGS Recent information relevant to Krabbe disease screening, diagnosis, and treatment were assessed by a diverse group of public health, medical, and advocacy professionals. Outcomes after newborn screening may improve if treatment for infantile disease is initiated before 30 days of life. Newer laboratory screening and diagnostic tools can improve the speed and specificity of diagnosis and help facilitate this early referral. Given the rarity of Krabbe disease, most recommendations were based on case series or expert opinion. CONCLUSION This report updates recommendations for Krabbe disease newborn screening to improve the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment of infantile Krabbe disease. In the United States, several states have begun or are considering Krabbe disease newborn screening. These recommendations can guide public health laboratories on methodologies for screening and inform clinicians about the need to promptly diagnose and treat infantile Krabbe disease. The timing of the initial referral after newborn screening, the speed of diagnostic confirmation of infantile disease, and the transplantation center's experience and ability to rapidly respond to a suspected patient with newly diagnosed infantile Krabbe disease are critical for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kwon
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 631, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Dietrich Matern
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute (HJKRI), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - David A. Wenger
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 1020 Locust St, Room 346, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Amy T. Waldman
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Leukodystrophy Center, Division of Neurology, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Barbara K. Burton
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Patrick V. Hopkins
- Newborn Screening Unit Missouri State Public Health Laboratory, 101 N. Chestnut St., PO Box 570, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570 USA
| | - Joseph J. Orsini
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Newborn Screening Program, David Axelrod Institute, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12201 USA
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Rossi Espagnet MC, Bernardi B, Pasquini L, Figà-Talamanca L, Tomà P, Napolitano A. Signal intensity at unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus after serial administrations of a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent in children. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:1345-1352. [PMID: 28526896 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted on the relations between T1-weighted signal intensity changes in the pediatric brain following gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) exposure. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of multiple administrations of a macrocyclic GBCA on signal intensity in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus of the pediatric brain on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 50 patients, mean age: 8 years (standard deviation: 4.8 years), with normal renal function exposed to ≥6 administrations of the same macrocyclic GBCA (gadoterate meglumine) and a control group of 59 age-matched GBCA-naïve patients. The globus pallidus-to-thalamus signal intensity ratio and dentate nucleus-to-pons signal intensity ratio were calculated from unenhanced T1-weighted images for both patients and controls. A mixed linear model was used to evaluate the effects on signal intensity ratios of the number of GBCA administrations, the time interval between administrations, age, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. T-test analyses were performed to compare signal intensity ratio differences between successive administrations and baseline MR signal intensity ratios in patients compared to controls. P-values were considered significant if <0.05. RESULTS A significant effect of the number of GBCA administrations on relative signal intensities globus pallidus-to-thalamus (F[8]=3.09; P=0.002) and dentate nucleus-to-pons (F[8]=2.36; P=0.021) was found. The relative signal intensities were higher at last MR examination than at baseline (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Quantitative analysis evaluation of globus pallidus:thalamus and dentate nucleus:pons of the pediatric brain demonstrated an increase after serial administrations of macrocyclic GBCA. Further research is necessary to fully understand GBCA pharmacokinetic in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Rossi Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Bernardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Figà-Talamanca
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tomà
- Department of Imaging, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Enterprise Risk Management, Medical Physics Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, Rome, Italy
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Shelmerdine SC, Hutchinson JC, Sebire NJ, Jacques TS, Arthurs OJ. Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging of the brain in fetuses and children with histopathological correlation. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:1025-1037. [PMID: 28821323 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging is rapidly emerging as an alternative, "less invasive", and more widely accepted investigative approach for perinatal deaths in the UK. PMMR has a high diagnostic accuracy for congenital and acquired fetal neuropathological anomalies compared to conventional autopsy, and is particularly useful when autopsy is non-diagnostic. The main objectives of this review are to describe and illustrate the range of common normal and abnormal central nervous system (CNS) findings encountered during PMMR investigation. This article covers the standard PMMR sequences used at our institution, normal physiological post-mortem findings, and a range of abnormal developmental and acquired conditions. The abnormal findings include diseases ranging from neural tube defects, posterior fossa malformations, those of forebrain and commissural development as well as neoplastic, haemorrhagic, and infectious aetiologies. Neuropathological findings at conventional autopsy accompany many of the conditions we describe, allowing readers to better understand the underlying disease processes and imaging appearances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Shelmerdine
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J C Hutchinson
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - T S Jacques
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Imaging and Biophysics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Zucca I, Milesi G, Medici V, Tassi L, Didato G, Cardinale F, Tringali G, Colombo N, Bramerio M, D'Incerti L, Freri E, Morbin M, Fugnanesi V, Figini M, Spreafico R, Garbelli R. Type II focal cortical dysplasia: Ex vivo 7T magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and histopathological comparisons. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:42-58. [PMID: 26448158 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present report, the correlations between ex vivo high-resolution imaging and specific histological and ultrastructural patterns in type II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) have been studied to explain the differences in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of dysplasia and to contribute to the presurgical imaging evaluation of this pathology. METHODS Surgical specimens from 13 patients with FCD IIa/b were submitted to 7T MRI scanning, and then analyzed histologically and ultrastructurally to compare the results with the MRI findings. Region of interest (ROI)-based measures on T2-weighted images (T2wi) were quantitatively evaluated in the lesion and in adjacent perilesional gray and white matter. RESULTS Matched histological sections and 7T T2wi showed that the core of the lesion was characterized by patchy aggregates of abnormal cells and fiber disorganization related to inhomogeneity of intracortical signal intensity. The quantitative approach on T2wi can help to distinguish the lesions and perilesional areas even in a clinical MRI-negative case. The ultrastructural study showed that the strong signal hyperintensity in the white matter of FCD IIb was related to a dysmyelination process associated with severe fiber loss and abnormal cells. Less severe histopathological features were found in FCD IIa, thus reflecting their less evident MRI alterations. INTERPRETATION We suggest that white matter abnormalities in type IIb FCD are due to defects of the myelination processes and maturation, impaired by the presence of balloon cells. To reveal the presence and the border of type II cortical dysplasia on MRI, a quantitative ROI-based analysis (coefficient of variation) is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Zucca
- Scientific Department, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Milesi
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tassi
- C. Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Didato
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardinale
- C. Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tringali
- Neurosurgery Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Colombo
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Bramerio
- Department of Pathology, Niguarda Hospital, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico D'Incerti
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Morbin
- Neurology V and Neuropathology, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fugnanesi
- Neurology V and Neuropathology, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Figini
- Scientific Department, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Samantaray S, Knaryan VH, Patel KS, Mulholland PJ, Becker HC, Banik NL. Chronic intermittent ethanol induced axon and myelin degeneration is attenuated by calpain inhibition. Brain Res 2015; 1622:7-21. [PMID: 26100335 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes multifaceted damage to the central nervous system (CNS), underlying mechanisms of which are gradually being unraveled. In our previous studies, activation of calpain, a calcium-activated neutral protease has been found to cause detrimental alterations in spinal motor neurons following ethanol (EtOH) exposure in vitro. However, it is not known whether calpain plays a pivotal role in chronic EtOH exposure-induced structural damage to CNS in vivo. To test the possible involvement of calpain in EtOH-associated neurodegenerative mechanisms the present investigation was conducted in a well-established mouse model of alcohol dependence - chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure and withdrawal. Our studies indicated significant loss of axonal proteins (neurofilament light and heavy, 50-60%), myelin proteins (myelin basic protein, 20-40% proteolipid protein, 25%) and enzyme (2', 3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, 21-55%) following CIE in multiple regions of brain including hippocampus, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and importantly in spinal cord. These CIE-induced deleterious effects escalated after withdrawal in each CNS region tested. Increased expression and activity of calpain along with enhanced ratio of active calpain to calpastatin (sole endogenous inhibitor) was observed after withdrawal compared to EtOH exposure. Pharmacological inhibition of calpain with calpeptin (25 μg/kg) prior to each EtOH vapor inhalation significantly attenuated damage to axons and myelin as demonstrated by immuno-profiles of axonal and myelin proteins, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Calpain inhibition significantly protected the ultrastructural integrity of axons and myelin compared to control as confirmed by electron microscopy. Together, these findings confirm CIE exposure and withdrawal induced structural alterations in axons and myelin, predominantly after withdrawal and corroborate calpain inhibition as a potential protective strategy against EtOH associated CNS degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Varduhi H Knaryan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kaushal S Patel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Patrick J Mulholland
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Linscott LL, Leach JL, Zhang B, Jones BV. Brain parenchymal signal abnormalities associated with developmental venous anomalies in children and young adults. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1600-7. [PMID: 24831595 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormal signal in the drainage territory of developmental venous anomalies has been well described in adults but has been incompletely investigated in children. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of brain parenchymal abnormalities subjacent to developmental venous anomalies in children and young adults, correlating with subject age and developmental venous anomaly morphology and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred eighty-five patients with developmental venous anomalies identified on brain MR imaging with contrast, performed from November 2008 through November 2012, composed the study group. Data were collected for the following explanatory variables: subject demographics, developmental venous anomaly location, morphology, and associated parenchymal abnormalities. Associations between these variables and the presence of parenchymal signal abnormalities (response variable) were then determined. RESULTS Of the 285 subjects identified, 172 met inclusion criteria, and among these subjects, 193 developmental venous anomalies were identified. Twenty-six (13.5%) of the 193 developmental venous anomalies had associated signal-intensity abnormalities in their drainage territory. After excluding developmental venous anomalies with coexisting cavernous malformations, we obtained an adjusted prevalence of 21/181 (11.6%) for associated signal-intensity abnormalities in developmental venous anomalies. Signal-intensity abnormalities were independently associated with younger subject age, cavernous malformations, parenchymal atrophy, and deep venous drainage of developmental venous anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Signal-intensity abnormalities detectable by standard clinical MR images were identified in 11.6% of consecutively identified developmental venous anomalies. Signal abnormalities are more common in developmental venous anomalies with deep venous drainage, associated cavernous malformation and parenchymal atrophy, and younger subject age. The pathophysiology of these signal-intensity abnormalities remains unclear but may represent effects of delayed myelination and/or alterations in venous flow within the developmental venous anomaly drainage territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Linscott
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.L.L., J.L.L., B.V.J.)
| | - J L Leach
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.L.L., J.L.L., B.V.J.)
| | - B Zhang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.Z.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B V Jones
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.L.L., J.L.L., B.V.J.)
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