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Sachdeva J, Mittal R, Mehta J, Jain R, Ranjan A. Resolving autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through brain topologies using fMRI dataset with multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 343:111858. [PMID: 39106532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in individuals during childhood and has enduring consequences for their social interactions and communication. The prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in individuals based on the differences in brain networks and activities have been studied extensively in the recent past, however, with lower accuracies. Therefore in this research, identification at the early stage through computer-aided algorithms to differentiate between ASD and TD patients is proposed. In order to identify features, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model is developed which utilizes logistic regression on characteristics extracted from connectivity matrices of subjects derived from fMRI images. The features that significantly contribute to the classification of individuals as having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or typically developing (TD) are identified by the logistic regression model. To enhance emphasis on essential attributes, an AND operation is integrated. This involves selecting features demonstrating statistical significance across diverse logistic regression analyses conducted on various random distributions. The iterative approach contributes to a comprehensive understanding of relevant features for accurate classification. By implementing this methodology, the estimation of feature importance became more dependable, and the potential for overfitting is moderated through the evaluation of model performance on various subsets of data. It is observed from the experimentation that the highly correlated Left Lateral Occipital Cortex and Right Lateral Occipital Cortex ROIs are only found in ASD. Also, it is noticed that the highly correlated Left Cerebellum Tonsil and Right Cerebellum Tonsil are only found in TD participants. Among the MLP classifier, a recall of 82.61 % is achieved followed by Logistic Regression with an accuracy of 72.46 %. MLP also stands out with a commendable accuracy of 83.57 % and AUC of 0.978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainy Sachdeva
- Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India.
| | - Riyaansh Mittal
- Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Jiya Mehta
- Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Riya Jain
- Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Anmol Ranjan
- Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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Sysoeva O, Maximenko V, Kuc A, Voinova V, Martynova O, Hramov A. Abnormal spectral and scale-free properties of resting-state EEG in girls with Rett syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12932. [PMID: 37558701 PMCID: PMC10412611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous EEG contains important information about neuronal network properties that is valuable for understanding different neurological and psychiatric conditions. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by mutation in the MECP2 gene. RTT is characterized by severe motor impairments that prevent adequate assessment of cognitive functions. Here we probe EEG parameters obtained in no visual input condition from a 28-channels system in 23 patients with Rett Syndrome and 38 their typically developing peers aged 3-17 years old. Confirming previous results, RTT showed a fronto-central theta power (4-6.25 Hz) increase that correlates with a progression of the disease. Alpha power (6.75-11.75 Hz) across multiple regions was, on the contrary, decreased in RTT, also corresponding to general background slowing reported previously. Among novel results we found an increase in gamma power (31-39.5 Hz) across frontal, central and temporal electrodes, suggesting elevated excitation/inhibition ratio. Long-range temporal correlation measured by detrended fluctuation analysis within 6-13 Hz was also increased, pointing to a more predictable oscillation pattern in RTT. Overall measured EEG parameters allow to differentiate groups with high accuracy, ROC AUC value of 0.92 ± 0.08, indicating clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sysoeva
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia, 354340.
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova St. 5a, Moscow, Russia, 117485.
| | - Vladimir Maximenko
- Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology Lab, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
- Baltic Center for Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, Russia, 236016
| | - Alexander Kuc
- Baltic Center for Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, Russia, 236016
| | - Victoria Voinova
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 125412
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - Olga Martynova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova St. 5a, Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Alexander Hramov
- Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology Lab, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
- Baltic Center for Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, Russia, 236016
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Scaffei E, Mazziotti R, Conti E, Costanzo V, Calderoni S, Stoccoro A, Carmassi C, Tancredi R, Baroncelli L, Battini R. A Potential Biomarker of Brain Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot fNIRS Study in Female Preschoolers. Brain Sci 2023; 13:951. [PMID: 37371429 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental condition whose detection still remains challenging in young females due to the heterogeneity of the behavioral phenotype and the capacity of camouflage. The availability of quantitative biomarkers to assess brain function may support in the assessment of ASD. Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and flexible tool that quantifies cortical hemodynamic responses (HDR) that can be easily employed to describe brain activity. Since the study of the visual phenotype is a paradigmatic model to evaluate cerebral processing in many neurodevelopmental conditions, we hypothesized that visually-evoked HDR (vHDR) might represent a potential biomarker in ASD females. We performed a case-control study comparing vHDR in a cohort of high-functioning preschooler females with ASD (fASD) and sex/age matched peers. We demonstrated the feasibility of visual fNIRS measurements in fASD, and the possibility to discriminate between fASD and typical subjects using different signal features, such as the amplitude and lateralization of vHDR. Moreover, the level of response lateralization was correlated to the severity of autistic traits. These results corroborate the cruciality of sensory symptoms in ASD, paving the way for the validation of the fNIRS analytical tool for diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring in the ASD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scaffei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Conti
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Scale-Free Dynamics in Instantaneous Alpha Frequency Fluctuations: Validation, Test-Retest Reliability and Its Relationship with Task Manipulations. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:230-242. [PMID: 36611116 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that scale-free structures and long-range temporal correlations are ubiquitous in physiological signals (e.g., electroencephalography). This is supposed to be associated with optimized information processing in human brain. The instantaneous alpha frequency (IAF) (i.e., the instantaneous frequency of alpha band of human EEG signals) may dictate the resolution at which information is sampled and/or processed by cortical neurons. To the best of our knowledge, no research has examined the scale-free dynamics and potential functional significance of IAF. Here, through three studies (Study 1: 25 participants; Study 2: 82 participants; Study 3: 26 participants), we investigated the possibility that time series of IAF exhibit scale-free property through maximum likelihood based detrended fluctuation analysis (ML-DFA). This technique could provide the scaling exponent (i.e., DFA exponent) on the basis of presence of scale-freeness being validated. Then the test-retest reliability (Study 1) and potential influencing factors (Study 2 and Study 3) of DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations were investigated. Firstly, the scale-free property was found to be inherent in IAF fluctuations with fairly high test-retest reliability over the parietal-occipital region. Moreover, the task manipulations could potentially modulate the DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations. Specifically, in Study 2, we found that the DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations in eye-closed resting-state condition was significantly larger than that in eye-open resting-state condition. In Study 3, we found that the DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations in eye-open resting-state condition was significantly larger than that in visual n-back tasks. The DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations in the 0-back task was significantly larger than in the 2-back and 3-back tasks. The results in studies 2 and 3 indicated that: (1) a smaller DFA exponent of IAF fluctuations should signify more efficient online visual information processing; (2) the scaling property of IAF fluctuations could reflect the physiological arousal level of participants.
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Conti E, Scaffei E, Bosetti C, Marchi V, Costanzo V, Dell’Oste V, Mazziotti R, Dell’Osso L, Carmassi C, Muratori F, Baroncelli L, Calderoni S, Battini R. Looking for “fNIRS Signature” in Autism Spectrum: A Systematic Review Starting From Preschoolers. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:785993. [PMID: 35341016 PMCID: PMC8948464 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.785993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide an essential bridge between our current understanding of neural circuit organization and cortical activity in the developing brain. Indeed, fNIRS allows studying brain functions through the measurement of neurovascular coupling that links neural activity to subsequent changes in cerebral blood flow and hemoglobin oxygenation levels. While the literature offers a multitude of fNIRS applications to typical development, only recently this tool has been extended to the study of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The exponential rise of scientific publications on this topic during the last years reflects the interest to identify a “fNIRS signature” as a biomarker of high translational value to support both early clinical diagnosis and treatment outcome. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the updating clinical applications of fNIRS in NDDs, with a specific focus on preschool population. Starting from this rationale, a systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in different scientific databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) resulting in 13 published articles. In these studies, fNIRS was applied in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or infants at high risk of developing ASD. Both functional connectivity in resting-state conditions and task-evoked brain activation using multiple experimental paradigms were used in the selected investigations, suggesting that fNIRS might be considered a promising method for identifying early quantitative biomarkers in the autism field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Conti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Scaffei
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Scaffei,
| | - Chiara Bosetti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell’Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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The amplitude of fNIRS hemodynamic response in the visual cortex unmasks autistic traits in typically developing children. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:53. [PMID: 35136021 PMCID: PMC8826368 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autistic traits represent a continuum dimension across the population, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) being the extreme end of the distribution. Accumulating evidence shows that neuroanatomical and neurofunctional profiles described in relatives of ASD individuals reflect an intermediate neurobiological pattern between the clinical population and healthy controls. This suggests that quantitative measures detecting autistic traits in the general population represent potential candidates for the development of biomarkers identifying early pathophysiological processes associated with ASD. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been extensively employed to investigate neural development and function. In contrast, the potential of fNIRS to define reliable biomarkers of brain activity has been barely explored. Features of non-invasiveness, portability, ease of administration, and low-operating costs make fNIRS a suitable instrument to assess brain function for differential diagnosis, follow-up, analysis of treatment outcomes, and personalized medicine in several neurological conditions. Here, we introduce a novel standardized procedure with high entertaining value to measure hemodynamic responses (HDR) in the occipital cortex of adult subjects and children. We found that the variability of evoked HDR correlates with the autistic traits of children, assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Interestingly, HDR amplitude was especially linked to social and communication features, representing the core symptoms of ASD. These findings establish a quick and easy strategy for measuring visually-evoked cortical activity with fNIRS that optimize the compliance of young subjects, setting the background for testing the diagnostic value of fNIRS visual measurements in the ASD clinical population.
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Jia H, Gao F, Yu D. Altered Temporal Structure of Neural Phase Synchrony in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:618573. [PMID: 34899403 PMCID: PMC8660096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity, quantified by phase synchrony, between brain regions is known to be aberrant in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we evaluated the long-range temporal correlations of time-varying phase synchrony (TV-PS) of electrocortical oscillations in patients with ASD as well as typically developing people using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) after validating the scale-invariance of the TV-PS time series. By comparing the DFA exponents between the two groups, we found that those of the TV-PS time series of high-gamma oscillations were significantly attenuated in patients with ASD. Furthermore, the regions involved in aberrant TV-PS time series were mainly within the social ability and cognition-related cortical networks. These results support the notion that abnormal social functions observed in patients with ASD may be caused by the highly volatile phase synchrony states of electrocortical oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Jia
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongchuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zimmern V. Why Brain Criticality Is Clinically Relevant: A Scoping Review. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:54. [PMID: 32982698 PMCID: PMC7479292 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 25 years have seen a strong increase in the number of publications related to criticality in different areas of neuroscience. The potential of criticality to explain various brain properties, including optimal information processing, has made it an increasingly exciting area of investigation for neuroscientists. Recent reviews on this topic, sometimes termed brain criticality, make brief mention of clinical applications of these findings to several neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, and neonatal hypoxia. Other clinicallyrelevant domains - including anesthesia, sleep medicine, developmental-behavioral pediatrics, and psychiatry - are seldom discussed in review papers of brain criticality. Thorough assessments of these application areas and their relevance for clinicians have also yet to be published. In this scoping review, studies of brain criticality involving human data of all ages are evaluated for their current and future clinical relevance. To make the results of these studies understandable to a more clinical audience, a review of the key concepts behind criticality (e.g., phase transitions, long-range temporal correlation, self-organized criticality, power laws, branching processes) precedes the discussion of human clinical studies. Open questions and forthcoming areas of investigation are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zimmern
- Division of Child Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Jia H, Yu D. Attenuated long-range temporal correlations of electrocortical oscillations in patients with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100687. [PMID: 31377569 PMCID: PMC6969363 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The LRTCs of beta and low-gamma oscillations were significantly attenuated in ASD patients compared to TD participants. The regions with attenuated LRTCs were mainly located in certain social functions related cortical networks. ASD is associated with highly volatile neuronal states of electrocortical oscillations.
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) of instantaneous amplitude of electrocortical oscillations in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) of 15 patients with ASD (aged between 5˜18 years, mean age = 11.6 years, SD = 4.4 years) and 18 typical developing (TD) people (aged between 5˜18 years, mean age = 8.9 years, SD = 2.4 years), we estimated the LRTCs of neuronal oscillations amplitude of 84 predefined cortical regions of interest using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) after confirming the presence of scale invariance. We found that the DFA exponents of instantaneous amplitude of beta and low-gamma oscillations were significantly attenuated in patients with ASD compared to TD participants. Moreover, the regions with attenuated DFA exponent were mainly located in social functions related cortical networks, including the default mode network (DMN), the mirror neuron system (MNS) and the salience network (SN). These findings suggest that ASD is associated with highly volatile neuronal states of electrocortical oscillations, which may be related to social and cognitive dysfunction in patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongchuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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