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Parsons N, Steward T, Clohesy R, Almgren H, Duehlmeyer L. A systematic review of resting-state functional connectivity in obesity: Refining current neurobiological frameworks and methodological considerations moving forward. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:861-879. [PMID: 34159504 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the second most common cause of preventable morbidity worldwide. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used extensively to characterise altered communication between brain regions in individuals with obesity, though findings from this research have not yet been systematically evaluated within the context of prominent neurobiological frameworks. This systematic review aggregated resting-state fMRI findings in individuals with obesity and evaluated the contribution of these findings to current neurobiological models. Findings were considered in relation to a triadic model of problematic eating, outlining disrupted communication between reward, inhibitory, and homeostatic systems. We identified a pattern of consistently increased orbitofrontal and decreased insula cortex resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with obesity in comparison to healthy weight controls. BOLD signal amplitude was also increased in people with obesity across studies, predominantly confined to subcortical regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen. We posit that altered orbitofrontal cortex connectivity may be indicative of a shift in the valuation of food-based rewards and that dysfunctional insula connectivity likely contributes to altered homeostatic signal processing. Homeostatic violation signals in obesity may be maintained despite satiety, thereby 'hijacking' the executive system and promoting further food intake. Moving forward, we provide a roadmap for more reliable resting-state and task-based functional connectivity experiments, which must be reconciled within a common framework if we are to uncover the interplay between psychological and biological factors within current theoretical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Parsons
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Clohesy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannes Almgren
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Duehlmeyer L, Parsons N, Malpas CB, Hester R. Functional connectivity during feedback learning in smokers. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13109. [PMID: 34734457 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been traditionally assumed that dysregulation of psychological processes in smokers results from activity within specific brain regions, an emerging view regards such dysregulation as attributable to aberrant communication between distinct brain regions. These processes can be measured during appropriate task paradigms such as the learning from errors task. This study aims to elucidate interactions between brain regions underlying the process of learning from errors, punishment and sensitivity to reward in dependent smokers. METHODS Functional MRI data from 23 age-matched dependent smokers (8 females, mean age = 25.48, SD = 4.46) and 23 controls (13 females, mean age = 24.83, SD = 5.99) were analysed during a feedback-based associative learning task. Functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens and reward/sensorimotor areas was investigated during a feedback learning task. RESULTS Behaviourally, smokers exhibited lower error correction rates and were less sensitive to punishment magnitude. Smokers showed increased functional connectivity between dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/nucleus accumbens seed regions and numerous reward-related target regions including the putamen, anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Reduced learning from errors and widespread aberrant functional connectivity contribute to the emerging functional characterisation of dependent smokers and may bear significant implications when considering the efficacy of smoking interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Duehlmeyer
- School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Nicholas Parsons
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology Deakin University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Charles B. Malpas
- School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Robert Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Kunas SL, Bermpohl F, Plank IS, Ströhle A, Stuke H. Aversive drug cues reduce cigarette craving and increase prefrontal cortex activation during processing of cigarette cues in quitting motivated smokers. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13091. [PMID: 34427358 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aversive drug cues can be used to support smoking cessation and create awareness of negative health consequences of smoking. Better understanding of the effects of aversive drug cues on craving and the processing of appetitive drug cues in abstinence motivated smokers is important to further improve their use in cessation therapy and smoking-related public health measures. In this study, 38 quitting motivated smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing a novel extended cue-reactivity paradigm. Pictures of cigarettes served as appetitive drug cues, which were preceded by either aversive drug cues (e.g., smokers' leg) or other cues (neutral or alternative reward cues). Participants were instructed to rate their craving for cigarettes after presentation of drug cues. When aversive drug cues preceded the presentation of appetitive drug cues, behavioural craving was reduced and activations in prefrontal (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and paralimbic (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC] and anterior insulae) areas were enhanced. A positive association between behavioural craving reduction and neurofunctional activation changes was shown for the right dACC. Our results suggest that aversive drug cues have an impact on the processing of appetitive drug cues, both on a neurofunctional and a behavioural level. A proposed model states that aversive drug-related cues activate control-associated brain areas (e.g., dACC), leading to increased inhibitory control on reward-associated brain areas (e.g., putamen) and a reduction in subjective cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L. Kunas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Charité Mitte, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Charité Mitte, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Irene S. Plank
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Charité Mitte, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Charité Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Institute of Psychology Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Charité Mitte, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Heiner Stuke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Charité Mitte, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Le T, Shim AL, Newman D. Does a relationship between handgrip strength and coincidence anticipation timing exist among young adults: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2546-2550. [PMID: 34823437 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to observe whether a strong to moderate relationship exists between maximal handgrip strength best score and best coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) score in young adults. Handgrip strength has demonstrated a strong relationship with high levels of activities of daily living (ADLs) and reduced injury potential. A one-shot case-study design was selected for this investigation. Twenty-three females and one male volunteered for this investigation (age 22.29 ± 4.71 years, height 63.78 ± 6.22 cm, mass 56.66 ± 8.25 kg) from a local higher education institution. Participants (n = 24) utilized the Bassin anticipation timing device (Lafayette Instruments, USA) and a Camry digital hand dynamometer (Model EH101, Camry LLC, El Monte, CA, USA) during the same time and recorded all scores. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r = -0.413; p = 0.04) indicated a medium effect relationship between best maximal handgrip strength and best CAT score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Le
- Department of Physician's Assistant Studies, College of Saint Mary, USA
| | - Andrew L Shim
- Department of Kinesiology & Exercise Science, College of Saint Mary, USA
| | - David Newman
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, USA
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Schreuders M, Linnansaari A, Lindfors P, van den Putte B, Kunst AE. Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:1106-1115. [PMID: 31652317 PMCID: PMC7585527 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary schools in European countries increasingly implement comprehensive smoke-free school policies (SFSPs) that prohibit most or even all adolescents from smoking during school hours. Consistent enforcement of SFSPs is essential for realizing optimum effectiveness. A main challenge represents adolescents who persistently violate the rules. We studied how staff in European countries respond to these persistent violators and why they may turn a blind eye. We used interview transcripts from 69 staff members at 22 schools in 6 European countries to identify cases in which staff turned a blind eye. We then applied thematic analysis for identifying the considerations as to why they turn a blind eye. Turning a blind eye on persistent violators happened among school staff in all six countries. Three considerations were identified. First, staff believe their primary role and duty is to support all adolescents to develop into well-functioning adults, and sometimes it is best to accept smoking. Second, staff expect that applying stricter disciplinary measures will not stop persistent violators and is more likely to create more severe problems. Third, staff do not feel supported by relevant actors in society (e.g. parents) in influencing adolescent smoking. We conclude that staff’s considerations stress the need to support school staff in enforcing the increasingly comprehensive rules on the most persistent smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schreuders
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anu Linnansaari
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Lindfors
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A salience misattribution model for addictive-like behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:466-477. [PMID: 33657434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adapting to the changing environment is a key component of optimal decision-making. Internal-models that accurately represent and selectively update from behaviorally relevant/salient stimuli may facilitate adaptive behaviors. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dopaminergic systems may produce these adaptive internal-models through selective updates from behaviorally relevant stimuli. Dysfunction of ACC and dopaminergic systems could therefore produce misaligned internal-models where updates are disproportionate to the salience of the cues. An aspect of addictive-like behaviors is reduced adaptation and, ACC and dopaminergic systems typically exhibit dysfunction in drug-dependents. We argue that ACC and dopaminergic dysfunction in dependents may produce misaligned internal-models such that drug-related stimuli are misattributed with a higher salience compared to non-drug related stimuli. Hence, drug-related rewarding stimuli generate over-weighted updates to the internal-model, while negative feedback and non-drug related rewarding stimuli generate down-weighted updates. This misaligned internal-model may therefore incorrectly reinforce maladaptive drug-related behaviors. We use the proposed framework to discuss ways behavior may be made more adaptive and how the framework may be supported or falsified experimentally.
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Wypych M, Potenza MN. Impaired Learning From Errors and Punishments and Maladaptive Avoidance-General Mechanisms Underlying Self-Regulation Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:609874. [PMID: 33574773 PMCID: PMC7870682 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.609874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation (SR) is an important human function that relates to quality of life in multiple domains including mental health. Previous studies have found important correlates of low SR including impulsivity and poor emotional regulation; however, underpinnings of low SR are incompletely understood. Individuals low in SR frequently engage in maladaptive behaviors (substance abuse, procrastination, etc.) despite negative consequences. This phenomenon suggests that impaired learning from errors and punishments may be important mechanisms underlying low SR. Consistently, previous studies observed impaired error processing in a wide spectrum of individuals with low SR and impaired learning from errors and punishments in SR-related disorders. We also note a possible role for poor emotional regulation and refer to concepts suggesting that engaging in maladaptive behaviors may serve as short term emotion regulation strategies aimed at avoiding or alleviating negative affect. We speculate on transdiagnostic factors underlying poor SR. We propose that impaired error processing (possibly related to striatal functioning) may prevent subjects with low SR from learning from errors and punishments and thus learning better SR skills or tendencies. Additionally, impaired coping in emotionally challenging situations, possibly related to prefrontal-cortical functioning, may lead to maladaptive avoidance. Moreover, maladaptive behaviors may be reinforced by the temporary decreases in negative affect and rewarding values of behaviors. Given existing knowledge gaps, we call for more extensive research and describe possible directions and challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, United States
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Wei S, Xue Z, Sun W, Han J, Wu H, Liu X. Altered Neural Processing of Reward and Punishment in Women With Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:692266. [PMID: 34721096 PMCID: PMC8548383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the altered function of reward and punishment is an important vulnerability factor leading to the development of drug use disorders. Previous studies have identified evidence of neurophysiological dysfunction in the reward process of individuals with substance use disorders. To date, only a few event-related potential (ERP) studies have examined the neural basis of reward and punishment processing in women with methamphetamine (MA) use disorders. The current ERP research aims to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of reward and punishment in women with MA use disorder using a monetary incentive delay task. Nineteen women with MA use disorder (MA group) and 20 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited in this study. The behavioral data showed that the reaction time (RT) was faster and the response accuracy (ACC) was higher for the potential reward and punishment conditions compared to neutral conditions. During the monetary incentive anticipation stage, the Cue-P3, and stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) were larger in the MA group than in the HC group. The SPN under the potential reward condition was larger than that under the neutral condition in the MA group but not in the HC group. During the monetary incentive consummation stage, the feedback-related negativity and feedback P3 (FB-P3) following positive feedback were significantly larger than negative feedback in the potential reward condition for the HC group, but not for the MA group. However, the FB-P3 following negative feedback was significantly larger than positive feedback in the potential punishment condition for the MA group, but not the HC group. The results suggest that women with MUD have stronger expectations of generic reward and stronger response of generic harm avoidance, which could be targeted in designing interventions for women with MA use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wei
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wujun Sun
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Han
- Hebei Female Drug Rehabilitation Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao, SAR China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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