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Li YT, Zhang C, Han JC, Shang YX, Chen ZH, Cui GB, Wang W. Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2024; 14:20451253241243290. [PMID: 38708374 PMCID: PMC11070126 DOI: 10.1177/20451253241243290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the key symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which exist not only during the onset of diseases but also before the onset, even after the remission of psychiatric symptoms. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, these non-invasive approaches provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and information of cognitive remediation interventions. This review synthesizes existing neuroimaging studies to examine domains of cognitive impairment, particularly processing speed, memory, attention, and executive function in SZ and MDD patients. First, white matter (WM) abnormalities are observed in processing speed deficits in both SZ and MDD, with distinct neuroimaging findings highlighting WM connectivity abnormalities in SZ and WM hyperintensity caused by small vessel disease in MDD. Additionally, the abnormal functions of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe are found in both SZ and MDD patients during various memory tasks, while aberrant amygdala activity potentially contributes to a preference to negative memories in MDD. Furthermore, impaired large-scale networks including frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, and ventral attention network are related to attention deficits, both in SZ and MDD patients. Finally, abnormal activity and volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and abnormal functional connections between the DLPFC and the cerebellum are associated with executive dysfunction in both SZ and MDD. Despite these insights, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are lacking, impeding a comprehensive understanding of cognitive changes and the development of early intervention strategies for SZ and MDD. Addressing this gap is critical for advancing our knowledge and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Han
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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Pan N, Wang S, Lan H, Zhang X, Qin K, Kemp GJ, Suo X, Gong Q. Multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome associated with COVID-19-related negative affect symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38253618 PMCID: PMC10803304 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe mental health problems with the representation of negative affect symptoms (NAS) have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome predicting COVID-19-related NAS. This cohort study encompassed a group of university students to undergo neuroimaging scans before the pandemic, and we re-contacted participants for 1-year follow-up COVID-related NAS evaluations during the pandemic. Regularized canonical correlation analysis was used to identify connectome-based dimensions of NAS to compute pairs of canonical variates. The predictive ability of identified functional connectome to NAS dimensional scores was examined with a nested cross-validation. Two dimensions (i.e. mode stress and mode anxiety) were related to distinct patterns of brain functional connectome (r2 = 0.911, PFDR = 0.048; r2 = 0.901, PFDR = 0.037, respectively). Mode anxiety was characterized by high loadings in connectivity between affective network (AFN) and visual network (VN), while connectivity of the default mode network with dorsal attention network (DAN) were remarkably prominent in mode stress. Connectivity patterns within the DAN and between DAN and VN, ventral attention network, and AFN was common for both dimensions. The identified functional connectome can reliably predict mode stress (r = 0.37, MAE = 5.1, p < 0.001) and mode anxiety (r = 0.28, MAE = 5.4, p = 0.005) in the cross-validation. Our findings provide new insight into multivariate dimensions of COVID-related NAS, which may have implications for developing network-based biomarkers in psychological interventions for vulnerable individuals in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Xiang J, Sun Y, Wu X, Guo Y, Xue J, Niu Y, Cui X. Abnormal Spatial and Temporal Overlap of Time-Varying Brain Functional Networks in Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 38248255 PMCID: PMC10813230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with unclear etiology and pathological features. Neuroscientists are increasingly proposing that schizophrenia is an abnormality in the dynamic organization of brain networks. Previous studies have found that the dynamic brain networks of people with SZ are abnormal in both space and time. However, little is known about the interactions and overlaps between hubs of the brain underlying spatiotemporal dynamics. In this study, we aimed to investigate different patterns of spatial and temporal overlap of hubs between SZ patients and healthy individuals. Specifically, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the public dataset for 43 SZ patients and 49 healthy individuals. We derived a representation of time-varying functional connectivity using the Jackknife Correlation (JC) method. We employed the Betweenness Centrality (BC) method to identify the hubs of the brain's functional connectivity network. We then applied measures of temporal overlap, spatial overlap, and hierarchical clustering to investigate differences in the organization of brain hubs between SZ patients and healthy controls. Our findings suggest significant differences between SZ patients and healthy controls at the whole-brain and subnetwork levels. Furthermore, spatial overlap and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that quasi-periodic patterns were disrupted in SZ patients. Analyses of temporal overlap revealed abnormal pairwise engagement preferences in the hubs of SZ patients. These results provide new insights into the dynamic characteristics of the network organization of the SZ brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yumeng Sun
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xubin Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuxiang Guo
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Jiayue Xue
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.N.)
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Iglesias-Parro S, Soriano MF, Ibáñez-Molina AJ, Pérez-Matres AV, Ruiz de Miras J. Examining Neural Connectivity in Schizophrenia Using Task-Based EEG: A Graph Theory Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8722. [PMID: 37960422 PMCID: PMC10647645 DOI: 10.3390/s23218722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and behaviors that have significant consequences for individuals, families, and society in general. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool for understanding the neural dynamics and functional abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. Research studies utilizing EEG have identified specific patterns of brain activity in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia that may reflect disturbances in neural synchronization and information processing in cortical circuits. Considering the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity provides a more comprehensive understanding of brain networks' organization and how they change during different cognitive states. This temporal perspective would enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia. In the present study, we will use measures based on graph theory to obtain dynamic and static indicators in order to evaluate differences in the functional connectivity of individuals diagnosed with SZ and healthy controls using an ecologically valid task. At the static level, patients showed alterations in their ability to segregate information, particularly in the default mode network (DMN). As for dynamic measures, patients showed reduced values in most metrics (segregation, integration, centrality, and resilience), reflecting a reduced number of dynamic states of brain networks. Our results show the utility of combining static and dynamic indicators of functional connectivity from EEG sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María F. Soriano
- Mental Health Unit, San Agustín Hospital de Linares, 23700 Linares, Spain
| | | | - Ana V. Pérez-Matres
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz de Miras
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Greene AS. Multiscale Analysis to Explore Neural Bases of Clinically Relevant Cognitive Processes. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:314-316. [PMID: 37519463 PMCID: PMC10382735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
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Patel GH, Gruskin DC, Arkin SC, Jamerson EC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Lee JK, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. The Road Not Taken: Disconnection of a Human-Unique Cortical Pathway Underlying Naturalistic Social Perception in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:398-408. [PMID: 37519457 PMCID: PMC10382708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient processing of complex and dynamic social scenes relies on intact connectivity of many underlying cortical areas and networks, but how connectivity anomalies affect the neural substrates of social perception remains unknown. Here we measured these relationships using functionally based localization of social perception areas, resting-state functional connectivity, and movie-watching data. Methods In 42 participants with schizophrenia (SzPs) and 41 healthy control subjects, we measured the functional connectivity of areas localized by face-emotion processing, theory-of-mind (ToM), and attention tasks. We quantified the weighted shortest path length between visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas in both populations to assess the impact of these changes in functional connectivity on network structure. We then correlated connectivity along the shortest path in each group with movie-evoked activity in a key node of the ToM network (posterior temporoparietal junction [TPJp]). Results SzPs had pronounced decreases in connectivity in TPJ/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) areas involved in face-emotion processing (t81 = 4.4, p = .00002). In healthy control subjects, the shortest path connecting visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas passed through TPJ-pSTS, whereas in SzPs, the shortest path passed through the prefrontal cortex. While movie-evoked TPJp activity correlated with connectivity along the TPJ-pSTS pathway in both groups (r = 0.43, p = .002), it additionally correlated with connectivity along the prefrontal cortex pathway only in SzPs (rSzP = 0.56, p = .003). Conclusions These results suggest that connectivity along the human-unique TPJ-pSTS pathway affects both the network architecture and functioning of areas involved in processing complex dynamic social scenes. These results demonstrate how focal connectivity anomalies can have widespread impacts across the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H. Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - David C. Gruskin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sophie C. Arkin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Juan P. Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Laura P. Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jessica K. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Antígona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Rebecca A. Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin N. Ochsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David A. Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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Keyvanfard F, Nasab AR, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A. Brain subnetworks most sensitive to alterations of functional connectivity in Schizophrenia: a data-driven approach. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1175886. [PMID: 37274751 PMCID: PMC10232974 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1175886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) of the brain changes in various brain disorders. Its complexity, however, makes it difficult to obtain a systematic understanding of these alterations, especially when they are found individually and through hypothesis-based methods. It would be easier if the variety of brain connectivity alterations is extracted through data-driven approaches and expressed as variation modules (subnetworks). In the present study, we modified a blind approach to determine inter-group brain variations at the network level and applied it specifically to schizophrenia (SZ) disorder. The analysis is based on the application of independent component analysis (ICA) over the subject's dimension of the FC matrices, obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The dataset included 27 SZ people and 27 completely matched healthy controls (HC). This hypothesis-free approach led to the finding of three brain subnetworks significantly discriminating SZ from HC. The area associated with these subnetworks mostly covers regions in visual, ventral attention, and somatomotor areas, which are in line with previous studies. Moreover, from the graph perspective, significant differences were observed between SZ and HC for these subnetworks, while there was no significant difference when the same parameters (path length, network strength, global/local efficiency, and clustering coefficient) across the same limited data were calculated for the whole brain network. The increased sensitivity of those subnetworks to SZ-induced alterations of connectivity suggested whether an individual scoring method based on their connectivity values can be applied to classify subjects. A simple scoring classifier was then suggested based on two of these subnetworks and resulted in acceptable sensitivity and specificity with an area under the ROC curve of 77.5%. The third subnetwork was found to be a less specific building block (module) for describing SZ alterations. It projected a wider range of inter-individual variations and, therefore, had a lower chance to be considered as a SZ biomarker. These findings confirmed that investigating brain variations from a modular viewpoint can help to find subnetworks that are more sensitive to SZ-induced alterations. Altogether, our study results illustrated the developed method's ability to systematically find brain alterations caused by SZ disorder from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Keyvanfard
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi Nasab
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Rong B, Huang H, Gao G, Sun L, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Widespread Intra- and Inter-Network Dysconnectivity among Large-Scale Resting State Networks in Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093176. [PMID: 37176617 PMCID: PMC10179370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by the distributed dysconnectivity of resting-state multiple brain networks. However, the abnormalities of intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia and its relationship to symptoms remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare the intra- and inter-connectivity of the intrinsic networks between a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Using the Region of interest (ROI) to ROI FC analyses, the intra- and inter-network FC of the eight resting state networks [default mode network (DMN); salience network (SN); frontoparietal network (FPN); dorsal attention network (DAN); language network (LN); visual network (VN); sensorimotor network (SMN); and cerebellar network (CN)] were investigated in 196 schizophrenia and 169-healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, the schizophrenia group exhibited increased intra-network FC in the DMN and decreased intra-network FC in the CN. Additionally, the schizophrenia group showed the decreased inter-network FC mainly involved the SN-DMN, SN-LN and SN-CN while increased inter-network FC in the SN-SMN and SN-DAN (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Our study suggests widespread intra- and inter-network dysconnectivity among large-scale RSNs in schizophrenia, mainly involving the DMN, SN and SMN, which may further contribute to the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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9
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Li N, Li C, Xie X, Liu G, Wang K, Zhang W, Fan J. Impairment of attention network function in posterior circulation ischemia-evidence from the Attention Network Test. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1001500. [PMID: 36684832 PMCID: PMC9853055 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) on attention network function and to determine whether PCI is holistic or selective attention network deficit and which attention network is affected. Methods Thirty-six PCI patients aged 30 to 75 were assessed using the Attention Network Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). There were no significant differences in age, sex, and education between PCI group and the control group (n = 32). All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Result There were no significant difference in the MMSE scores between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the PCI group had significantly shorter response time for alerting and orienting network. The executive control network response time was significantly longer in PCI group than in the control group. The overall mean response time was also significantly longer in PCI group than in normal control group. There was no significant difference in mean accuracy between the two groups. Conclusion The alerting, orienting, and executive control networks were significantly less efficient in PCI group than in the control group (P < 0.01). This indicates impaired attention network in PCI patients. Since transient nerve seizures caused by vertebrobasilar ischemia may precede posterior circulation stroke, early assessment of cognitive function in patients with PCI is particularly important, and ANT is an excellent tool for this assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The Third Department of Encephalopathy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanjin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Liu
- The Third Department of Encephalopathy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Gang Liu,
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Cheung EYW, Chau ACM, Shea YF, Chiu PKC, Kwan JSK, Mak HKF. Level of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Binding Leading to Differential Effects on Resting State Functional Connectivity in Major Brain Networks. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092321. [PMID: 36140422 PMCID: PMC9496530 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is one of the biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The recent application of interhemispheric functional connectivity (IFC) in resting-state fMRI has been used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early dementia. In this study, we focused on the level of Aβ accumulated and its effects on the major functional networks, including default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), self-referential network (SRN) and sensory motor network (SMN). Methods: 58 participants (27 Hi Aβ (HiAmy) and 31 low Aβ (LowAmy)) and 25 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. [18F]flutemetamol PET/CT was performed for diseased groups, and MRI scanning was done for all participants. Voxel-by-voxel correlation analysis was done for both groups in all networks. Results: In HiAmy, IFC was reduced in all networks except SN. A negative correlation in DMN, CEN, SRN and SMN suggests high Aβ related to IFC reduction; However, a positive correlation in SN suggests high Aβ related to an increase in IFC. In LowAmy, IFC increased in CEN, SMN, SN and SRN. Positive correlation in all major brain networks. Conclusion: The level of Aβ accumulated demonstrated differential effects on IFC in various brain networks. As the treatment to reduce Aβ plaque deposition is available in the market, it may be an option for the HiAmy group to improve their IFC in major brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y. W. Cheung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Tung Wah College, 19/F, 31 Wylie Road, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (E.Y.W.C.); (H.K.F.M.)
| | - Anson C. M. Chau
- Medical Radiation Science, Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Bonython Jubilee Building, 1-26, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yat-Fung Shea
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick K. C. Chiu
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph S. K. Kwan
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Henry K. F. Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (E.Y.W.C.); (H.K.F.M.)
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11
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Wang B, Pan T, Guo M, Li Z, Yu X, Li D, Niu Y, Cui X, Xiang J. Abnormal dynamic reconfiguration of the large-scale functional network in schizophrenia during the episodic memory task. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4135-4144. [PMID: 36030383 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are the core feature in schizophrenia (SCZ). Numerous studies have revealed abnormal brain activity associated with this disorder during episodic memory, however previous work has only relied on static analysis methods that treat the brain as a static monolithic structure, ignoring the dynamic features at different time scales. Here, we applied dynamic functional connectivity analysis to functional magnetic resonance imaging data during episodic memory and quantify integration and recruitment metrics to reveal abnormal dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in SCZ. In the specific frequency band of 0.06-0.125 Hz, SCZ showed significantly higher integration during encoding and retrieval, and the abnormalities were mainly in the default mode, frontoparietal, and cingulo-opercular modules. Recruitment of SCZ was significantly higher during retrieval, mainly in the visual module. Interestingly, interactions between groups and task status in recruitment were found in the dorsal attention, visual modules. Finally, we observed that integration was significantly associated with memory performance in frontoparietal regions. Our findings revealed the time-varying evolution of brain networks in SCZ, while improving our understanding of cognitive decline and other pathophysiologies in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Min Guo
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xuexue Yu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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12
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Frequency-Specific Analysis of the Dynamic Reconfiguration of the Brain in Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060727. [PMID: 35741612 PMCID: PMC9221032 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of resting-state fMRI signals usually focuses on the low-frequency range/band (0.01−0.1 Hz), which does not cover all aspects of brain activity. Studies have shown that distinct frequency bands can capture unique fluctuations in brain activity, with high-frequency signals (>0.1 Hz) providing valuable information for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. We hypothesized that it is meaningful to study the dynamic reconfiguration of schizophrenia through different frequencies. Therefore, this study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance (RS-fMRI) data from 42 schizophrenia and 40 normal controls to investigate dynamic network reconfiguration in multiple frequency bands (0.01−0.25 Hz, 0.01−0.027 Hz, 0.027−0.073 Hz, 0.073−0.198 Hz, 0.198−0.25 Hz). Based on the time-varying dynamic network constructed for each frequency band, we compared the dynamic reconfiguration of schizophrenia and normal controls by calculating the recruitment and integration. The experimental results showed that the differences between schizophrenia and normal controls are observed in the full frequency, which is more significant in slow3. In addition, as visual network, attention network, and default mode network differ a lot from each other, they can show a high degree of connectivity, which indicates that the functional network of schizophrenia is affected by the abnormal brain state in these areas. These shreds of evidence provide a new perspective and promote the current understanding of the characteristics of dynamic brain networks in schizophrenia.
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13
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Gruskin DC, Patel GH. Brain connectivity at rest predicts individual differences in normative activity during movie watching. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119100. [PMID: 35304263 PMCID: PMC9491116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposed to the same sensory event, some individuals are bound to have less typical experiences than others. Previous research has investigated this phenomenon by showing that the typicality of one's sensory experience is associated with the typicality of their stimulus-evoked brain activity (as measured by intersubject correlation, or ISC). Individual differences in ISC have recently been attributed to variability in focal neural processing. However, the extent to which these differences reflect purely intra-regional variability versus variation in the brain's baseline ability to transmit information between regions has yet to be established. Here, we show that an individual's degree and spatial distribution of ISC are closely related to their brain's functional organization at rest. Using resting state and movie watching fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project, we reveal that resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) profiles can be used to predict cortex-wide ISC. Similar region-level analyses demonstrate that the levels of ISC exhibited by brain regions during movie watching are associated with their connectivity to other regions at rest, and that the nature of these connectivity-activity relationships varies as a function of regional roles in sensory information processing. Finally, we show that an individual's unique spatial distribution of ISC, independent of its magnitude, is also related to their RSFC profile. These findings contextualize reports of localized individual differences in ISC as potentially reflecting larger, network-level alterations in resting brain function and detail how the brain's ability to process complex sensory information is linked to its baseline functional organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Gruskin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Gaurav H Patel
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY 10032, USA.
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14
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Wei PH, Chen H, Ye Q, Zhao H, Xu Y, Bai F. Self-reference Network-Related Interactions During the Process of Cognitive Impairment in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:666437. [PMID: 33841130 PMCID: PMC8024683 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.666437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Normal establishment of cognition occurs after forming a sensation to stimuli from internal or external cues, in which self-reference processing may be partially involved. However, self-reference processing has been less studied in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) field within the self-reference network (SRN) and has instead been investigated within the default-mode network (DMN). Differences between these networks have been proven in the last decade, while ultra-early diagnoses have increased. Therefore, investigation of the altered pattern of SRN is significantly important, especially in the early stages of AD. Methods: A total of 65 individuals, including 43 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 cognitively normal individuals, participated in this study. The SRN, dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network (SN) were constructed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and voxel-based analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore significant regions of network interactions. Finally, the correlation between the network interactions and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Results: We discovered four interactions among the three networks, with the SRN showing different distributions in the left and right hemispheres from the DAN and SN and modulated interactions between them. Group differences in the interactions that were impaired in MCI patients indicated that the degree of damage was most severe in the SRN, least severe in the SN, and intermediate in the DAN. The two SRN-related interactions showed positive effects on the executive and memory performances of MCI patients with no overlap with the clinical assessments performed in this study. Conclusion: This study is the first and primary evidence of SRN interactions related to MCI patients’ functional performance. The influence of the SRN in the ultra-early stages of AD is nonnegligible. There are still many unknowns regarding the contribution of the SRN in AD progression, and we strongly recommend future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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15
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Patel GH, Arkin SC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Plaza FI, Mirza SA, Vieira DJ, Strauss NE, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia. Brain 2021; 144:1898-1910. [PMID: 33710282 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. Twenty-seven schizophrenia participants and 21 healthy control subjects watched a clip of the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly while high resolution multiband functional MRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS blood oxygen level-dependent activity (i) relationship with the motion content in the film; (ii) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie; and (iii) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie. Activation deficits were greatest in middle TPJ (TPJm) and correlated significantly with impaired TASIT performance across groups. Follow-up analyses of the TPJ-pSTS revealed decreased synchronization with other cortical areas, decreased correlation with the motion content of the movie, and decreased correlation with the saccades made during the movie. The functional impairment of the TPJm, a hub area in the middle of the TPJ-pSTS, predicts deficits in social inference in schizophrenia participants by disrupting the integration of visual motion processing into the TPJ. This disrupted integration then affects the use of the TPJ to guide saccades during the visual scanning of the movie clip. These findings suggest that the TPJ may be a treatment target for improving deficits in a key component of social cognition in schizophrenia participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophie C Arkin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Fabiola I Plaza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Safia A Mirza
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Vieira
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Casimir C Klim
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan P Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura P Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Rebecca A Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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16
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Sehatpour P, Avissar M, Kantrowitz JT, Corcoran CM, De Baun HM, Patel GH, Girgis RR, Brucato G, Lopez-Calderon J, Silipo G, Dias E, Martinez A, Javitt DC. Deficits in Pre-attentive Processing of Spatial Location and Negative Symptoms in Subjects at Clinical High Risk for Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:629144. [PMID: 33603682 PMCID: PMC7884473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.629144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN) generation are among the best-established biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and predict conversion to schizophrenia (Sz) among individuals at symptomatic clinical high risk (CHR). Impairments in MMN index dysfunction at both subcortical and cortical components of the early auditory system. To date, the large majority of studies have been conducted using deviants that differ from preceding standards in either tonal frequency (pitch) or duration. By contrast, MMN to sound location deviation has been studied to only a limited degree in Sz and has not previously been examined in CHR populations. Here, we evaluated location MMN across Sz and CHR using an optimized, multi-deviant pattern that included a location-deviant, as defined using interaural time delay (ITD) stimuli along with pitch, duration, frequency modulation (FM) and intensity deviants in a sample of 42 Sz, 33 CHR and 28 healthy control (HC) subjects. In addition, we obtained resting state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) on CHR subjects. Sz showed impaired MMN performance across all deviant types, along with strong correlation between MMN deficits and impaired neurocognitive function. In this sample of largely non-converting CHR subjects, no deficits were observed in either pitch or duration MMN. By contrast, CHR subjects showed significant impairments in location MMN generation particularly over right hemisphere and significant correlation between impaired location MMN and negative symptoms including deterioration of role function. In addition, significant correlations were observed between location MMN and rsfMRI involving brainstem circuits. In general, location detection using ITD stimuli depends upon precise processing within midbrain regions and provides a rapid and robust reorientation of attention. Present findings reinforce the utility of MMN as a pre-attentive index of auditory cognitive dysfunction in Sz and suggest that location MMN may index brain circuits distinct from those indexed by other deviant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Sehatpour
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Michael Avissar
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | | | - Heloise M. De Baun
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav H. Patel
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ragy R. Girgis
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gary Brucato
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier Lopez-Calderon
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gail Silipo
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Dias
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Antigona Martinez
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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