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Diet Quality and Exhaled Breath Condensate Markers in a Sample of School-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020263. [PMID: 36832392 PMCID: PMC9954902 DOI: 10.3390/children10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a recently developed, non-invasive method used to identify and quantify biomarkers, mainly those coming from the lower respiratory tract. It seems that diet can influence the airway's inflammation and change the exhaled breath composition. This study aimed to assess the association between diet quality intake and markers in EBC among school-aged children. A cross-sectional analysis included 150 children (48.3% females, aged 7-12 years, mean age: 8.7 ± 0.8 years) from 20 schools across Porto, Portugal. We assessed diet quality through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, which was estimated based on a single 24 h food recall questionnaire. EBC samples were collected, and we assessed their ionic content (Na+, K+) and conductivity. The association between diet quality and Na+, K+, Na+/K+ ratio and conductivity was estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. After adjustment, a higher quality diet score increases the odds of higher conductivity values of the EBC (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.00; 1.08). Our findings suggest that a higher diet quality in school-aged children is associated with higher conductivity levels of the EBC.
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Sabeti Z, Ansarin K, Seyedrezazadeh E, Jafarabadi MA, Zafari V, Dastgiri S, Shakerkhatibi M, Gholampour A, Khamnian Z, Sepehri M, Dahim M, Sharbafi J, Hakimi D. Acute responses of airway oxidative stress, inflammation, and hemodynamic markers to ambient PM 2.5 and their trace metal contents among healthy adolescences: A panel study in highly polluted versus low polluted regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117797. [PMID: 34329054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollutants are known contributors to global cardiorespiratory mortality through several pathways. We examined the effects of varied exposure to PM2.5 and trace metals on biological markers of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic function of young individuals living in two different exposure settings. We enrolled and followed a panel of 97 healthy nonsmoking participants aged 15-18 years living in a highly polluted metropolitan city of Tabriz (TBZ) and a much less polluted semi-urban town of Hadishahr (HDS). For five consecutive months, the subjects were examined by a physician, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) were measured. Samples of exhaled breath condensation (EBC) were obtained for measuring interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and total nitric oxide (NOx). We measured daily outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration in a fixed station in each location for all this period. The PM-metal content was analyzed by ICP-MS. The linear mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. The averages of PM2.5 mass and total metals in TBZ were nearly two and four times higher than in HDS, respectively. In TBZ, an increased IQR of PM2.5 mass during 0-5 days was -correlated with a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, TNF-α, FENO, and NOx and reduction of IL-6. Moreover, exposure to low PM2.5 concentration is significantly -correlated with an elevation in diastolic blood pressure in HDS. We also observed that exposure to metal constituents in the highly polluted region is correlated with increased TNF-α and IL-6 with 131.80% (95% CI: 56.01, 244.39) and 47.51% (95% CI: 33.01, 62.05) per IQR of Hg, respectively. This study suggests that exposure to ambient PM2.5 and their metal contents in highly polluted areas may incite significant changes in airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabeti
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Akbar Gholampour
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sepehri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dahim
- East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jabraeil Sharbafi
- East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Hakimi
- Health Office, Education Department of East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Curing—the treatment of meat products with nitrite and nitrate—is controversially discussed by consumers, as increased consumption of cured foods might negatively influence human health.
Recent Findings
However, omitting of curing chemicals might reduce microbiological safety, thereby increasing the risk to consumer health. Also, besides the addition of nitrate/nitrite, meat products are additionally preserved within the hurdle principle by other methods such as chilling, ripening, or heating.
Summary
The present article focuses on the addition of plants/plant extracts or plasma-treated water as nitrate sources and the direct treatment of meat products with plasma for nitrate generation. With regard to color and microbial safety of cured meat products, which are relevant to the consumers, promising results were also obtained with the alternative curing methods. Nonetheless, it is doubtful to what extent these methods are viable alternatives, as the curing chemicals themselves and not their origin are problematic for consumer health.
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Moazeni M, Heidari Z, Golipour S, Ghaisari L, Sillanpää M, Ebrahimi A. Dietary intake and health risk assessment of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines: a Bayesian analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45568-45580. [PMID: 32803593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines intake from the diet creates human health risks. In this study, nitrate/nitrite intake from diet and its association with nitric oxide (NO) level in humans have been surveyed. Besides nitrate/nitrite, nitrosamines risks were also determined from the diet. This study was conducted as a pilot study; 33 heathy adults participated in and completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for 3 days. Then, concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines were studied by the literature review. Also, the association between the intake of nitrate and nitrite with salivary and urinary NO was evaluated by Bayesian bi-variate analysis. Then, the health risk was assessed for nitrate/nitrite from food groups and drinking water, and nitrosamines from food groups based on hazard index (HI) and cancer risk with the Monte Carlo simulation. The nitrate/nitrite intakes had no association with NO level in the saliva and urine samples. The mean of HI value for the mean of 3 days was 3.57 and 0.32 from food groups and drinking water, respectively. The cancer risk amount of nitrosamines from food groups was (1.74 to 2.22) × 10-3 based on 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) values. This study showed the Iranian diet had a high risk, but drinking water consumption was safe based on nitrate/nitrite and nitrosamines for humans. There is a need to determine the concentration of nitrosamines in drinking water in Iran and to recommend for decrease risk of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines exposure by food groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Golipour
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Leila Ghaisari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Havet A, Zerimech F, Sanchez M, Siroux V, Le Moual N, Brunekreef B, Stempfelet M, Künzli N, Jacquemin B, Matran R, Nadif R. Outdoor air pollution, exhaled 8-isoprostane and current asthma in adults: the EGEA study. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02036-2017. [PMID: 29618600 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02036-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Associations between outdoor air pollution and asthma in adults are still scarce, and the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Our aim was to study the associations between 1) long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and current asthma, 2) exhaled 8-isoprostane (8-iso; a biomarker related to oxidative stress) and current asthma, and 3) outdoor air pollution and exhaled 8-iso.Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 608 adults (39% with current asthma) from the first follow-up of the French case-control and family study on asthma (EGEA; the Epidemiological study of the Genetic and Environmental factors of Asthma). Data on nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 and ≤2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5), road traffic, and ozone (O3) were from ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) and IFEN (French Institute for the Environment) assessments. Models took account of city and familial dependence.The risk of current asthma increased with traffic intensity (adjusted (a)OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.00-1.18) per 5000 vehicles per day), with O3 exposure (aOR 2.04 (95% CI 1.27-3.29) per 10 µg·m-3) and with exhaled 8-iso concentration (aOR 1.50 (95% CI 1.06-2.12) per 1 pg·mL-1). Among participants without asthma, exhaled 8-iso concentration increased with PM2.5 exposure (adjusted (a)β 0.23 (95% CI 0.005-0.46) per 5 µg·m-3), and decreased with O3 and O3-summer exposures (aβ -0.20 (95% CI -0.39- -0.01) and aβ -0.52 (95% CI -0.77- -0.26) per 10 µg·m-3, respectively).Our results add new insights into a potential role of oxidative stress in the associations between outdoor air pollution and asthma in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Havet
- INSERM U1168, VIMA (Aging and Chronic Diseases: Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches), Villejuif, France.,Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1168, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Farid Zerimech
- Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Margaux Sanchez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Equipe d'Epidémiologie Environnementale, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- INSERM U1168, VIMA (Aging and Chronic Diseases: Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches), Villejuif, France.,Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1168, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- INSERM U1168, VIMA (Aging and Chronic Diseases: Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches), Villejuif, France.,Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1168, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Régis Matran
- Université Lille and CHU de Lille, Lille, France.,These authors are joint last authors
| | - Rachel Nadif
- INSERM U1168, VIMA (Aging and Chronic Diseases: Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches), Villejuif, France.,Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1168, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,These authors are joint last authors
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Chérot-Kornobis N, Hulo S, Giovannelli J, de Broucker V, Matran R, Amouyel P, Sobaszek A, Dauchet L, Edmé JL. Exhaled breath NOx levels in a middle-aged adults population-based study: reference values and association with the smoking status. Respir Med 2018; 137:134-140. [PMID: 29605196 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are potentially sensitive indicators of early biochemical changes in airways following exposure to pneumotoxic substances, particularly in susceptible subjects. NOx are the stable end products of the nitrite-nitrate-NO oxidative stress pathway and can be used to monitor airway inflammatory diseases, especially in asthma. Nevertheless, population-based surveys are needed to better interpret EBC NOx levels in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to establish reference values of EBC NOx in a large group of middle-aged, healthy adults of a sample of the general population with particular focus on the smoking status. METHODS The EBC NOx levels were analysed from 2872 subjects among the ELISABET population-based cross sectional study including a representative sample of men and women aged from 40 to 66 years olds conducted in northern France, which included comprehensive questionnaires by interview and spirometry data. Healthy participants were defined as participants with no self-reported respiratory disease. RESULTS For the healthy subjects (n = 1251), the median NOx concentration (IQR) was equal to 7.2 μM (3.12) and concentrations of NOx in EBC did not differ significantly according to smoking status. The upper fifth percentile (95%) (ULN) of NOx concentrations among healthy subjects was equal to 13.6 μM, ranging from 12.7 μM (smokers) to 14.4 μM (ex smokers). Among subjects with EBC NOx values higher than the ULN and compared with subjects that had EBC NOx values lower than the ULN, we found a significant higher proportion of subjects with current asthma (10.5% vs 6.5%) or with chronic bronchitis symptoms (7.6% vs 3.3%). CONCLUSION This population-based study has provided the distribution and the upper limit reference value of a nitrosative stress biomarker (NOx) in EBC of middle aged, healthy adults. EBC NOx levels were not associated with smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chérot-Kornobis
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service Médecine du Travail du Personnel Hospitalier et de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sébastien Hulo
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service explorations fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jonathan Giovannelli
- Univ. Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1167 - RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et déterminant moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service épidémiologie, économie de la santé et prévention, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Virginie de Broucker
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service explorations fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Régis Matran
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service explorations fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1167 - RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et déterminant moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service épidémiologie, économie de la santé et prévention, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Annie Sobaszek
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service Médecine du Travail du Personnel Hospitalier et de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Luc Dauchet
- Univ. Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1167 - RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et déterminant moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service épidémiologie, économie de la santé et prévention, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Edmé
- Univ. Lille, EA4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health), F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service explorations fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France.
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7
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Rava M, Le Moual N, Dumont X, Guerra S, Siroux V, Jacquemin B, Kauffmann F, Bernard A, Nadif R. Serum club cell protein 16 is associated with asymptomatic airway responsiveness in adults: Findings from the French epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma. Respirology 2015; 20:1198-205. [PMID: 26439880 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Club cell secretory protein (CC-16) is a sensitive biomarker of airways epithelium integrity. It has gained interest as a biological marker in chronic lung diseases because of its presumed relationship to inflammation. Little is known about the association between CC-16 serum level and asthma, lung function and airway responsiveness (AR). METHODS Serum CC-16 level was determined by latex immunoassay in 1298 participants from the French Epidemiological case-control and family-based study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) (mean age 43 years; 49% men, 38% with asthma). Pre-bronchodilator lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 /FVC) and degree of AR, expressed as a function of the dose-response slope to methacholine test were measured. Standardized residuals CC-16 z-scores were obtained by regressing CC-16 level on the glomerular filtration rate. CC-16 z-scores were correlated with asthma, lung function and AR in participants with and without asthma. RESULTS CC-16 geometric mean level was 12.4 μg/L (range: 2.2-70.6 μg/L). In participants without asthma, lower CC-16 z-scores was associated with impaired FEV1 /FVC% (β = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.95) and with higher degree of AR (β = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.39)). CC-16 was not associated with impaired lung function or AR in participants with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Lower CC-16 serum level was associated with impaired lung function and AR, suggesting that serum CC-16 level may reflect early damages to the lung epithelium in adults without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rava
- INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.,University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.,University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Xavier Dumont
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Valerie Siroux
- University of Grenoble Alpes, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.,University Hospital of Grenoble, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, Institut Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France
| | - Benedicte Jacquemin
- INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.,University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.,Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francine Kauffmann
- INSERM, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Nadif
- INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.,University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
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Scarpa MC, Kulkarni N, Maestrelli P. The role of non-invasive biomarkers in detecting acute respiratory effects of traffic-related air pollution. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1100-18. [PMID: 25040251 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of non-invasive methods in the investigation of acute effects of traffic-related air pollution is not clearly established. We evaluated the usefulness of non-invasive biomarkers in detecting acute air pollution effects according to the age of participants, the disease status, their sensitivity compared with lung function tests and their specificity for a type of pollutant. Search terms lead to 535 titles, among them 128 had potentially relevant abstracts. Sixtynine full papers were reviewed, while 59 articles were excluded as they did not meet the selection criteria. Methods used to assess short-term effects of air pollution included analysis of nasal lavage (NAL) for the upper airways, and induced sputum (IS), exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for central and lower airways. There is strong evidence that FeNO evaluation is useful independently from subject age, while IS analysis is suitable almost for adults. Biomarker changes are generally observed upon pollutant exposure irrespective of the disease status of the participants. None of the biomarkers identified are specific for a type of pollutant exposure. Based on experimental exposure studies, there is moderate evidence that IS analysis is more sensitive than lung function tests, whereas this is not the case for biomarkers obtained by NAL or EBC. Cells and some cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and myeloperoxidase) have been measured both in the upper respiratory tract (NAL) and in the lower airways (IS). Overall, the response to traffic exposure seems different in the two compartments. In conclusion, this survey of current literature displays the complexity of this research field, highlights the significance of short-term studies on traffic pollution and gives important tips when planning studies to detect acute respiratory effects of air pollution in a non-invasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Scarpa
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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[Genetic and environmental factors of asthma and allergy: Results of the EGEA study]. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:822-40. [PMID: 25794998 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS The EGEA study (epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy), which combines a case-control and a family-based study of asthma case (n=2120 subjects) with three surveys over 20 years, aims to identify environmental and genetic factors associated with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes. We summarize the results of the phenotypic characterization and the investigation of environmental and genetic factors of asthma and asthma-related phenotypes obtained since 2007 in the EGEA study (42 articles). RESULTS Both epidemiological and genetic results confirm the heterogeneity of asthma. These results strengthen the role of the age of disease onset, the allergic status and the level of disease activity in the identification of the different phenotypes of asthma. The deleterious role of active smoking, exposure to air pollution, occupational asthmogenic agents and cleaning products on the prevalence and/or activity of asthma has been confirmed. Accounting for gene-environment interactions allowed the identification of new genetic factors underlying asthma and asthma-related traits and better understanding of their mode of action. CONCLUSION The EGEA study is contributing to the advances in respiratory research at the international level. The new phenotypic, environmental and biological data available in EGEA study will help characterizing the long-term evolution of asthma and the factors associated to this evolution.
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Casey DP, Treichler DP, Ganger CT, Schneider AC, Ueda K. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation enhances compensatory vasodilation during hypoxic exercise in older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:178-86. [PMID: 25414241 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00662.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that aging reduces the compensatory vasodilator response during hypoxic exercise due to blunted nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Recent evidence suggests that NO bioavailability can be augmented by dietary nitrate through the nitrate-nitrite pathway. Thus we tested the hypothesis that acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise, particularly in older adults. Thirteen young (25 ± 1 yr) and 12 older (64 ± 2 yr) adults performed rhythmic forearm exercise at 20% of maximum voluntary contraction during normoxia and hypoxia (∼80% O2 saturation); both before (control) and 3 h after beetroot juice (BR) consumption. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC; ml·min(-1)·100 mmHg(-1)) was calculated from forearm blood flow (ml/min) and blood pressure (mmHg). Compensatory vasodilation was defined as the relative increase in FVC due to hypoxic exercise (i.e., % increase compared with respective normoxic exercise trial). Plasma nitrite was determined from venous blood samples obtained before the control trials and each of the exercise trials (normoxia and hypoxia) after BR. Consumption of BR increased plasma nitrite in both young and older adults (P < 0.001). During the control condition, the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise was attenuated in older compared with young adults (3.8 ± 1.7% vs. 14.2 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001). Following BR consumption, compensatory vasodilation did not change in young (13.7 ± 3.3%, P = 0.81) adults but was substantially augmented in older adults (11.4 ± 2.1%, P < 0.01). Our data suggest that acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise in older but not young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren P Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - David P Treichler
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Charles T Ganger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Aaron C Schneider
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Kenichi Ueda
- Department of Anesthesia, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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de Oliveira BFA, Chacra APM, Frauches TS, Vallochi A, Hacon S. A curated review of recent literature of biomarkers used for assessing air pollution exposures and effects in humans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:369-410. [PMID: 25495790 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.976893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional review of biomarkers used in air pollution research from January 2009 through December 2012. After an initial keyword search in PubMed retrieving 426 articles, a comprehensive abstract review identified 54 articles of experimental design that used biomarkers of exposure or effect in human studies in the area of air pollution research during this specified time period. A thorough bibliographic search of the included articles retrieved an additional 65 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. This review presents these 119 studies and the 234 biomarkers employed in these air pollution research investigations. Data presented are 70 biomarkers of exposure with 54% relating to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 36% volatile organic carbons, and 10% classified as other. Of the 164 biomarkers of effect, 91 and 130 were used in investigating effects of short-term and chronic exposure, respectively. Results of biomarkers used in short-term exposure describe different lag times and pollutant components such as primary and secondary pollutants, and particle number associated with corresponding physiological mechanisms including airway inflammation, neuroinflammation, ocular, metabolic, early endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, atherosclerosis, autonomic nervous system, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The review presents three different exposure scenarios of chronic, occupational, and extreme exposure scenarios (indoor cooking) with associated biomarker findings presented in three broad categories of (1) immune profile, (2) oxidative stress, and (3) DNA damage. This review offers a representation of the scope of data being explored by air pollution researchers through the use of biomarkers and has deliberately been restricted to this particular subject rather than an extensive or in-depth review. This article provides a contextualization of air pollution studies conducted with biomarkers in human subjects in given areas while also integrating this complex body of information to offer a useful review for investigators in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira
- a Public Health and Environment Post-Graduation , National School of Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, the goal of many researchers is analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as noninvasively obtained sample. A total quality in laboratory diagnostic processes in EBC analysis was investigated: pre-analytical (formation, collection, storage of EBC), analytical (sensitivity of applied methods, standardization) and post-analytical (interpretation of results) phases. EBC analysis is still used as a research tool. Limitations referred to pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of EBC analysis are numerous, e.g. low concentrations of EBC constituents, single-analyte methods lack in sensitivity, and multi-analyte has not been fully explored, and reference values are not established. When all, pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical requirements are met, EBC biomarkers as well as biomarker patterns can be selected and EBC analysis can hopefully be used in clinical practice, in both, the diagnosis and in the longitudinal follow-up of patients, resulting in better outcome of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Dodig
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Huang W, Wang G, Lu SE, Kipen H, Wang Y, Hu M, Lin W, Rich D, Ohman-Strickland P, Diehl SR, Zhu P, Tong J, Gong J, Zhu T, Zhang J. Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of healthy young adults to changes in air quality during the Beijing Olympics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1150-9. [PMID: 22936356 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201205-0850oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Unprecedented pollution control actions during the Beijing Olympics provided a quasi-experimental opportunity to examine biologic responses to drastic changes in air pollution levels. OBJECTIVES To determine whether changes in levels of biomarkers reflecting pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress were associated with changes in air pollution levels in healthy young adults. METHODS We measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide, a number of exhaled breath condensate markers (H(+), nitrite, nitrate, and 8-isoprostane), and urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in 125 participants twice in each of the pre- (high pollution), during- (low pollution), and post-Olympic (high pollution) periods. We measured concentrations of air pollutants near where the participants lived and worked. We used mixed-effects models to estimate changes in biomarker levels across the three periods and to examine whether changes in biomarker levels were associated with changes in pollutant concentrations, adjusting for meteorologic parameters. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS From the pre- to the during-Olympic period, we observed significant and often large decreases (ranging from -4.5% to -72.5%) in levels of all the biomarkers. From the during-Olympic to the post-Olympic period, we observed significant and larger increases (48-360%) in levels of these same biomarkers. Moreover, increased pollutant concentrations were consistently associated with statistically significant increases in biomarker levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the important role of oxidative stress and that of pulmonary inflammation in mediating air pollution health effects. The findings demonstrate the utility of novel and noninvasive biomarkers in the general population consisting largely of healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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