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Bertotto LB, Lampson-Stixrud D, Sinha A, Rohani NK, Myer I, Zorrilla EP. Effects of the Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor MR1916 on Alcohol Self-Administration and Striatal Gene Expression in Post-Chronic Intermittent Ethanol-Exposed Rats. Cells 2024; 13:321. [PMID: 38391934 PMCID: PMC10886814 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) requires new neurobiological targets. Problematic drinking involves underactive indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) that subserve adaptive behavioral selection vs. overactive direct pathway MSNs (dMSNs) that promote drinking, with a shift from ventromedial to dorsolateral striatal (VMS, DLS) control of EtOH-related behavior. We hypothesized that inhibiting phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), enriched in striatal MSNs, would reduce EtOH self-administration in rats with a history of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure. To test this, Wistar rats (n = 10/sex) with a history of chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) vapor exposure received MR1916 (i.p., 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 µmol/kg), a PDE10A inhibitor, before operant EtOH self-administration sessions. We determined whether MR1916 altered the expression of MSN markers (Pde10a, Drd1, Drd2, Penk, and Tac1) and immediate-early genes (IEG) (Fos, Fosb, ΔFosb, and Egr1) in EtOH-naïve (n = 5-6/grp) and post-CIE (n = 6-8/grp) rats. MR1916 reduced the EtOH self-administration of high-drinking, post-CIE males, but increased it at a low, but not higher, doses, in females and low-drinking males. MR1916 increased Egr1, Fos, and FosB in the DLS, modulated by sex and alcohol history. MR1916 elicited dMSN vs. iMSN markers differently in ethanol-naïve vs. post-CIE rats. High-drinking, post-CIE males showed higher DLS Drd1 and VMS IEG expression. Our results implicate a role and potential striatal bases of PDE10A inhibitors to influence post-dependent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.B.B.); (D.L.-S.); (A.S.); (N.K.R.); (I.M.)
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2
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Liu H, Shen L, Sun Z, Wu W, Xu M. Downregulated PGK1 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by reversing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00239-7. [PMID: 37295596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role and mechanism of astrocytes in inflammation and oxidative response is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce inflammation and oxidative injury in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) on inflammation and oxidative response after CIRI in male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and using primary astrocytes obtained from neonatal SD rats, and explored its related mechanisms. We established a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) by suture occlusion, and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model of astrocytes using oxygen-free, glucose-free, and serum-free cultures. AAV8-PGK1-GFP was injected into the left ventricle 24 h before modeling. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and western blotting were used to elucidate the in-depth mechanisms of PGK1 in CIRI. PGK1 overexpression significantly exacerbated neurological deficits, increased cerebral infarct volume, and aggravated nerve cell injury in rats after MCAO/R. Using FISH and CoIP assays, we verified the localization of PGK1 and Nrf2 in primary astrocytes. Further rescue experiments showed that Nrf2 knockdown eliminated the protective effect of CBR-470-1 (a PGK1 inhibitor) on CIRI. Lastly, we confirmed that PGK1 aggravates CIRI by inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inhibiting PGK1 attenuates CIRI by reducing the release of inflammatory and oxidative factors from astrocytes by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Likui Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Zezhi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Wenxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, China.
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Zhao L, Yang H, Li X, Zhou Y, Liu T, Zhao Y. Transcriptome-based selection and validation of optimal reference genes in perirenal adipose developing of goat ( Capra hircus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1055866. [PMID: 36467654 PMCID: PMC9712442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1055866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly present in young mammals and is important for maintaining body temperature in neonatal mammals because of its ability to produce non-shivering thermogenesis. There is usually a large amount of BAT around the kidneys of newborn kids, but the BAT gradually "whiting" after birth. Screening and validating appropriate reference genes is a prerequisite for further studying the mechanism of goat brown adipose tissue "whiting" during the early stages. In this study, the expression stability of 17 candidate reference genes: 12 COPS8, SAP18, IGF2R, PARL, SNRNP200, ACTG1, CLTA, GANAB, GABARAP, PCBP2, CTSB, and CD151) selected based on previous transcriptome data as new candidate reference genes, 3 (PFDN5, CTNNB1, and EIF3M) recommended in previous studies, and 2 traditional reference genes (ACTB and GAPDH) was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology was used to detect the expression level of candidate reference genes during goat BAT "whiting". Four algorithms: Normfinder, geNorm, ΔCt method, and BestKeeper, and two comprehensive algorithms: ComprFinder and RefFinder, were used to analyze the stability of each candidate reference genes. GABARAP, CLTA, GAPDH, and ACTB were identified as the most stable reference genes, while CTNNB1, CTSB, and EIF3M were the least stable. Moreover, two randomly selected target genes IDH2 and RBP4, were effectively normalized using the selected most stable reference genes. These findings collectively suggest that GABARAP, CLTA, GAPDH, and ACTB are relatively stable reference genes that can potentially be used for the development of perirenal fat in goats.
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Jasmer KJ, Hou J, Mannino P, Cheng J, Hannink M. Heme oxygenase promotes B-Raf-dependent melanosphere formation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:850-868. [PMID: 32558263 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and degradation of heme, an iron-bound protoporphyrin molecule utilized by a wide variety of metabolic processes, are tightly regulated. Two closely related enzymes, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2), degrade free heme to produce carbon monoxide, Fe2+ , and biliverdin. HMOX1 expression is controlled via the transcriptional activator, NFE2L2, and the transcriptional repressor, Bach1. Transcription of HMOX1 and other NFE2L2-dependent genes is increased in response to electrophilic and reactive oxygen species. Many tumor-derived cell lines have elevated levels of NFE2L2. Elevated expression of NFE2L2-dependent genes contributes to tumor growth and acquired resistance to therapies. Here, we report a novel role for heme oxygenase activity in melanosphere formation by human melanoma-derived cell lines. Transcriptional induction of HMOX1 through derepression of Bach1 or transcriptional activation of HMOX2 by oncogenic B-RafV600E results in increased melanosphere formation. Genetic ablation of HMOX1 diminishes melanosphere formation. Further, inhibition of heme oxygenase activity with tin protoporphyrin markedly reduces melanosphere formation driven by either Bach1 derepression or B-RafV600E expression. Global transcriptome analyses implicate genes involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions in melanosphere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jie Hou
- Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip Mannino
- Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark Hannink
- Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for Analysis of Gene Expression in Spinal Cord during Rat Postnatal Development and after Injury. Brain Sci 2019; 10:brainsci10010006. [PMID: 31861889 PMCID: PMC7017034 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain unbiased results of target gene expression, selection of the most appropriate reference gene (RG) remains a key precondition. However, an experimental study focused on the validation of stably expressed RGs in the rat spinal cord (SC) during development or after spinal cord injury (SCI) is missing. In our study, we tested the stability of the expression of nine selected RGs in rat SC tissue during normal development (postnatal days 1-43, adulthood) and after minimal (mSCI) and contusion (cSCI) spinal cord injury. The following RGs were tested: common housekeeping genes of basal cell metabolism (Gapdh, Hprt1, Mapk6) and protein translation (Rpl29, Eef1a1, Eif2b2), as well as newly designed RGs (Gpatch1, Gorasp1, Cds2) selected according to the RefGenes tool of GeneVestigator. The stability of RGs was assessed by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. All three applets favored Gapdh and Eef1a1 as the most stable genes in SC during development. In both models of SCI, Eif2b2 displayed the highest stability of expression, followed by Gapdh and Gorasp1/Hprt1 in cSCI, and Gapdh and Eef1a1 in the mSCI experiments. To verify our results, selected RGs were employed for normalization of the expression of genes with a clear biological context in the SC-Gfap and Slc1a3/Glast during postnatal development and Aif1/Iba1 and Cd68/Ed1 after SCI.
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P2X7 Receptors Mediate CO-Induced Alterations in Gene Expression in Cultured Cortical Astrocytes—Transcriptomic Study. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3159-3174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhao J, Zhou H, Sun L, Yang B, Zhang L, Shi H, Zheng Y. Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in trabecular meshwork cells under oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:103-111. [PMID: 28090788 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1282612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - HongYan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Luan Y, Li D, Gao L, Xie S, Pei L. A single nucleotide polymorphism in hsa‑miR‑146a is responsible for the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in response to intubation during general anesthesia. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2297-304. [PMID: 27431205 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is the most common clinical manifestation identified in asthmatic patients, and intubation is the major factor that stimulates the airway of patients receiving general anesthetic. In the present study, nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) was identified as a target gene of micro (mi)R‑146a using in silico analysis and luciferase assay. Furthermore, the regulatory role of miR‑146a was demonstrated by the observation that the NOS1 expression level in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) transfected with miR‑146a mimics was significantly downregulated and the NOS1 expression level in PASMCs transfected with miR‑146a inhibitors was significantly upregulated. Additionally, it was identified that a polymorphism in pri‑miR‑146 interfered with mature processing and reduced the quantity of mature miRNA. To assess the association between the polymorphism and the development of BHR, 563 patients with basic pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, emphysema or bronchitis were enrolled in the present study. Each participant received a general anesthetic and the development of BHR was evaluated. The miR‑146a rs2910164 polymorphism CC genotype was identified to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of BHR in response to intubation when compared with the GG or GC genotype (odds ratio, 0.38; confidence interval, 0.18‑0.78). These findings indicate that the miR‑146a rs2910164 polymorphism is associated with a decrease risk of BHR, and the CC genotype increased the level of NOS1 expression, which was physiologically inhibited by wild‑type miR‑146a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Dongjiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Sha Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in valproic acid rat models of autism. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:837-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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