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Xu Y, Sa Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Shao Q, Liu J, Wang S, Zhou J. A preventative role of nitrate for hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:457-469. [PMID: 38281627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying effective interventions for hypoxia-induced injury is crucial, particularly in high-altitude areas. Symptoms stemming from intestinal injuries have a significant impact on the health of individuals transitioning from plains to plateau regions. This research explores the effects and mechanisms of nitrate supplementation in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. METHODS A hypoxia survival mouse model was established using 7% O2 conditions. The intervention with 4 mM sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in drinking water commenced 7 days prior to hypoxia exposure. Weight monitoring, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and intestinal permeability assays were employed for physiological, histological, and functional analyses. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to analyze the levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif 1α). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified nitrate's target, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified the transcriptional impact of Hif 1α on TJ proteins. Villin-cre mice infected with AAV9-FLEX-EGFP-Hif 1α were used for mechanism validation. RESULTS The results demonstrated that nitrate supplementation significantly alleviated small intestinal epithelial cell necrosis, intestinal permeability, disruption of TJs, and weight loss under hypoxia. Moreover, the nitrate-triggered enhancement of TJs is mediated by Hif 1α nuclear translocation and its subsequent transcriptional function. The effect of nitrate supplementation on TJs was largely attributed to the stimulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Hif 1α signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Nitrate serves as a novel approach in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury, acting through Hif 1α activation to promote the transcription of TJ proteins. Furthermore, our study provides new and compelling evidence for the protective effects of nitrate in hypoxic conditions, especially at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Yunqiong Sa
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wu YL, Christodoulou AG, Beumer JH, Rigatti LH, Fisher R, Ross M, Watkins S, Cortes DRE, Ruck C, Manzoor S, Wyman SK, Stapleton MC, Goetzman E, Bharathi S, Wipf P, Tan T, Eiseman JL, Christner SM, Guo J, Lo CWY, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS. Mitigation of Fetal Irradiation Injury from Mid-Gestation Total Body Radiation with Mitochondrial-Targeted GS-Nitroxide JP4-039. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580105. [PMID: 38405696 PMCID: PMC10888932 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Victims of a radiation terrorist event will include pregnant women and unborn fetuses. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key pathogenic factors of fetal irradiation injury. The goal of this preclinical study is to investigate the efficacy of mitigating fetal irradiation injury by maternal administration of the mitochondrial-targeted gramicidin S (GS)- nitroxide radiation mitigator, JP4-039. Pregnant female C57BL/6NTac mice received 3 Gy total body ionizing irradiation (TBI) at mid-gestation embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Using novel time- and-motion-resolved 4D in utero magnetic resonance imaging (4D-uMRI), we found TBI caused extensive injury to the fetal brain that included cerebral hemorrhage, loss of cerebral tissue, and hydrocephalus with excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Histopathology of the fetal mouse brain showed broken cerebral vessels and elevated apoptosis. Further use of novel 4D Oxy-wavelet MRI capable of probing in vivo mitochondrial function in intact brain revealed significant reduction of mitochondrial function in the fetal brain after 3Gy TBI. This was validated by ex vivo Oroboros mitochondrial respirometry. Maternal administration JP4-039 one day after TBI (E14.5), which can pass through the placental barrier, significantly reduced fetal brain radiation injury and improved fetal brain mitochondrial respiration. This also preserved cerebral brain tissue integrity and reduced cerebral hemorrhage and cell death. As JP4-039 administration did not change litter sizes or fetus viability, together these findings indicate JP4-039 can be deployed as a safe and effective mitigator of fetal radiation injury from mid-gestational in utero ionizing radiation exposure. One Sentence Summary Mitochondrial-targeted gramicidin S (GS)-nitroxide JP4-039 is safe and effective radiation mitigator for mid-gestational fetal irradiation injury.
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Simmons G, Sabo R, Aziz M, Martin E, Bernard RJ, Sriparna M, McIntire C, Krieger E, Brophy DF, Natarajan R, Fowler A, Roberts CH, Toor A. INTRAVENOUS VITAMIN C SUPPLEMENTATION IN ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: SALUTARY IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.24.23297165. [PMID: 37961224 PMCID: PMC10635184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.23297165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) vitamin C improves organ function and reduces inflammation in sepsis, an inflammatory state like the post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) milieu. The safety and efficacy of parenteral vitamin C after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) were evaluated in a phase I/II trial and clinical outcomes compared with a propensity score - matched historical control. Methods Patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial, receiving IV vitamin C, 50mg/kg/d, divided into 3 doses given on days 1-14 after HSCT, followed by 500 mg bid oral from day 15 until 6 months post-SCT. Results 55 patients received IV vitamin C: these include 10/10 HLA-MRD and MUD (n=48) and 9/10 HLA MUD recipients (n=7). All patients enrolled were deficient in vitamin C at day 0 and had restoration to normal levels for the remainder of the course. Vitamin C recipients had lower non-relapse mortality (11% vs. 25%, p-value = 0.07) and consequently, improved survival compared to historical controls (82% vs 62% p=0.06), with no attributable grade 3 and 4 toxicities to vitamin C. Patients with myeloid malignancies had improved survival (83% vs. 54%, p=0.02) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) (10% vs. 37%, p=0.009), as well as chronic GVHD, with similar relapse rates compared to controls. Conclusions In patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT the administration of IV vitamin C is safe and reduces non-relapse mortality improving overall survival. Randomized trials are needed to confirm the utility of this easily available and inexpensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Simmons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Roy Sabo
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - May Aziz
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Erika Martin
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robyn J Bernard
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Manjari Sriparna
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Cody McIntire
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth Krieger
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Donald F Brophy
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ramesh Natarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alpha Fowler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Amir Toor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania
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Wang C, Zhao M, Xie J, Wang H, Gu Z, Sun F. Colon-Targeted Release of Gel Microspheres Loaded with Antioxidative Fullerenol for Relieving Radiation-Induced Colon Injury and Regulating Intestinal Flora. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301758. [PMID: 37657180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced colitis is a serious clinical problem worldwide. However, the current treatment options for this condition have limited efficacy and can cause side effects. To address this issue, colon-targeted fullerenol@pectin@chitosan gel microspheres (FPCGMs) are developed, which can aggregate on colon tissue for a long time, scavenge free radicals generated in the process of radiation, and regulate intestinal flora to mitigate damage to colonic tissue. First, FPCGMs exhibit acid resistance and colon-targeted release properties, which reduce gastrointestinal exposure and extend the local colonic drug residence time. Second, fullerenol, which has a superior scavenging ability and chemical stability, reduces oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells. Based on this, it is found that FPCGMs significantly reduce inflammation in colonic tissue, mitigated damage to tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells, and significantly relieved radiation-induced colitis in mice. Moreover, 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing results show that the composition of the intestinal flora is optimized after FPCGMs are utilized, indicating that the relative abundance of probiotics increases while harmful bacteria are inhibited. These findings suggest that it is a promising candidate for treating radiation-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiani Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Martín R, Rios-Covian D, Huillet E, Auger S, Khazaal S, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Sokol H, Chatel JM, Langella P. Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad039. [PMID: 37451743 PMCID: PMC10410495 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases in the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is the genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels of Faecalibacterium are correlated with inflammatory conditions, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the forefront. Its representation is also diminished in the case of several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, the relative presence of this genus is considered to reflect, at least in part, intestinal health status because Faecalibacterium is frequently present at reduced levels in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases or disorders. In this review, we first thoroughly describe updates to the taxonomy of Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon to a multispecies taxon over the last decade. We then explore the links discovered between Faecalibacterium abundance and various diseases since the first IBD-focused studies were published. Next, we examine current available strategies for modulating Faecalibacterium levels in the gut. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects that have been attributed to this genus. Together, epidemiological and experimental data strongly support the use of Faecalibacterium as a next-generation probiotic (NGP) or live biotherapeutic product (LBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David Rios-Covian
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eugénie Huillet
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Khazaal
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012 Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Fernandes A, Oliveira A, Soares R, Barata P. The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gut Microbiota: What Can Animal Models Tell Us?-A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3877-3910. [PMID: 37232718 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting the effects of ionizing radiation on the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota of animals. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The standard methodologies expected by Cochrane were utilized. RESULTS We identified 3531 non-duplicated records and selected twenty-nine studies after considering the defined inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous, with significant differences in the chosen populations, methodologies, and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence of an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbiota diversity and richness and alterations in the taxonomic composition. Although differences in taxonomic composition varied across studies, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Alistipes, and Akkermancia most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant after ionizing radiation exposure, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus were relatively reduced. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the effect of ionizing exposure on gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. It paves the way for further studies on human subjects regarding gastrointestinal side effects in patients submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and the development of potential preventive, therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barata
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
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Bryan NS, Ahmed S, Lefer DJ, Hord N, von Schwarz ER. Dietary nitrate biochemistry and physiology. An update on clinical benefits and mechanisms of action. Nitric Oxide 2023; 132:1-7. [PMID: 36690137 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is now more than 35 years since endothelium derived relaxing factor was identified as nitric oxide (NO). The last few decades have seen an explosion around nitric oxide biochemistry, physiology and clinical translation. The science reveals that all chronic disease is associated with decreased blood flow to the affected organ which results in increased inflammation, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction. This is true for cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, kidney, lung, liver disorders and every other major disorder. Since nitric oxide controls and regulates blood flow, oxygen and nutrient delivery to every cell, tissue and organ in the body and also mitigates inflammation, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction, a focus on restoring nitric oxide production is an obvious therapeutic strategy for a number of poorly managed chronic diseases. Since dietary nitrate is a major contributor to endogenous nitric oxide production, it should be considered as a means of therapy and restoration of nitric oxide. This review will update on the current state of the science and effects of inorganic nitrate administered through the diet on several chronic conditions and reveal how much is needed. It is clear now that antiseptic mouthwash and use of antacids disrupt nitrate metabolism to nitric oxide leading to clinical symptoms of nitric oxide deficiency. Based on the science, nitrate should be considered an indispensable nutrient that should be accounted for in dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J Lefer
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Norman Hord
- OU Health, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Effect of Radium-223 on the Gut Microbiota of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Pilot Case Series Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4950-4959. [PMID: 36286051 PMCID: PMC9600596 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radium-223 (Ra-223) is a targeted nuclear medicine therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Its major route of elimination is the intestine. There is overwhelming evidence that the gut microbiota is altered by ionizing radiation (IR) from radiotherapy treatments. Nevertheless, it is known that extrapolation of outcomes from radiotherapy to nuclear medicine is not straightforward. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the effect of Ra-223 on selected important bacteria from the gut microbiota. Stool samples from three prostate cancer patients and two healthy individuals were obtained, processed, and analysed. We specifically measured the relative change of the abundance of important bacteria, determined by the 2−ΔΔC method. We found that Ra-223 influenced the gut microbiota composition. The most relevant changes were increases of Proteobacteria and Atopobacter; and decreases of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium coccoides, and Bacteroides fragilis. Additionally, our experiment confirms that the composition of gut microbiota from prostate cancer patients is altered. No significant correlation was found between each subject’s gut microbiome profile and their clinical indices. Despite its limited sample, the results of this pilot study suggest that ionizing radiation from Ra-223 alters the gut microbiota composition and that the gut microbiota of prostate cancer patients has an increase of the bacteria with known prejudicial effects and a decrease of the ones with favorable effects.
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Wang S, Qin L. Homeostatic medicine: a strategy for exploring health and disease. CURRENT MEDICINE 2022; 1:16. [PMID: 36189427 PMCID: PMC9510546 DOI: 10.1007/s44194-022-00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is a process of dynamic balance regulated by organisms, through which they maintain an internal stability and adapt to the external environment for survival. In this paper, we propose the concept of utilizing homeostatic medicine (HM) as a strategy to explore health and disease. HM is a science that studies the maintenance of the body’s homeostasis. It is also a discipline that investigates the role of homeostasis in building health, studies the change of homeostasis in disease progression, and explores ways to restore homeostasis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease at all levels of biological organization. A new dimension in the medical system with a promising future HM focuses on how homeostasis functions in the regulation of health and disease and provides strategic directions in disease prevention and control. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the control of homeostasis in multiple systems. Nitrate is an important substance that regulates NO homeostasis through the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Sialin interacts with nitrate and participates in the regulation of NO production and cell biological functions for body homeostasis. The interactions between nitrate and NO or sialin is an important mechanism by which homeostasis is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
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Yang P, Qu X, Qi S, Li G, Wang S. Oral administration of inorganic nitrate alleviated biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography examination in Wistar rats. Nitric Oxide 2022; 122-123:19-25. [PMID: 35219774 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the inorganic nitrate has a protective effect on biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare it with Vitamin C. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly separated into 6 groups: control group, irradiation (IR) group, NaNO3 group, IR + NaNO3 group, Vitamin C group, and IR + Vitamin C group. Rats were whole-body irradiated with CBCT four times. The absorbed dose of the skin surface was measured using thermoluminescent dosemeter chips and the mean whole-body absorbed dose was calculated. Peripheral blood was collected at 0.5h and 24h after irradiation. Bodyweight and organ index of rats before and after irradiation were analyzed. The bone marrow was taken for micronucleus test. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood for γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were detected. RESULTS The mean absorbed dose of four whole-body CBCT scans for rats was 73.04 mGy. Bodyweight and organ index before and after irradiation with X-ray had no significant differences. The micronuclei frequency of IR + NaNO3 and IR + Vitamin C groups showed a significant decrease than that in the IR group, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. The γ-H2AX foci rates in the IR + NaNO3 group and the IR + Vitamin C group were significantly lower than that in the IR group. In addition, the foci rate of the IR + NaNO3 group returned to the baseline level of the control group 24h after CBCT scanning. The apoptosis of lymphocytes in rats did not increase. The IR + NaNO3 group (P < 0.001) or IR + Vitamin C group (P < 0.001) showed a significant increase in ROS positive cells rate with the control group, while were significantly lower than those in the IR group (P < 0.01). In addition, the ROS-positive cell rate in the IR + NaNO3 group was significantly lower than that in the IR + Vitamin C group. The MDA in the serum of rats increased significantly, while SOD and TAC decreased significantly at 0.5h after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with Vitamin C, inorganic nitrate had better preventive effects on biological damage induced by CBCT scans in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Senrong Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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11
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Profile of Dr. Songlin Wang. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1810-1813. [PMID: 34542811 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Role of Food Antioxidants in Modulating Gut Microbial Communities: Novel Understandings in Intestinal Oxidative Stress Damage and Their Impact on Host Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101563. [PMID: 34679698 PMCID: PMC8533511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary components have an important role on the structure and function of host gut microbial communities. Even though, various dietary components, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibers, and vitamins, have been studied in depth for their effect on gut microbiomes, little attention has been paid regarding the impact of several food antioxidants on the gut microbiome. The long-term exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause microbial dysbiosis which leads to numerous intestinal diseases such as microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal injury, colorectal cancers, enteric infections, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the food derived antioxidant compounds might protect the host from intestinal oxidative stress via modulating the composition of beneficial microbial species in the gut. The present review summarizes the impact of food antioxidants including antioxidant vitamins, dietary polyphenols, carotenoids, and bioactive peptides on the structure as well as function of host gut microbial communities. Several in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies indicates that food antioxidants might modify the host gut microbial communities and their health status. However, still further clarification is needed as to whether changes in certain microbial species caused by food additives may lead to changes in metabolism and immune function.
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Li K, Epperly MW, Barreto GA, Greenberger JS, Methé BA. "Longitudinal Fecal Microbiome Study of Total Body Irradiated Mice Treated With Radiation Mitigators Identifies Bacterial Associations With Survival". Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:715396. [PMID: 34621689 PMCID: PMC8490782 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.715396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) has been demonstrated to alter the intestinal microbiome, but the effects of successful small molecule ionizing radiation mitigators on the intestinal microbiome are not well-known. Our survival experiments examined the effects of anti-cell death radiation mitigators on and in conjunction with the host's microbiota. Mice received 9.25 Gy TBI and then were administered radiation mitigators 24 hours later. Passed stool were collected pre-irradiation, then on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 30 post-irradiation for 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequencing. The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was fit with taxonomic composition (time varying covariates) and treatment as predictors. In the first experiment, mice were administered drugs for "granulocyte stimulation and anti-apoptosis" in four protocol combinations: JP4-039 (anti-apoptosis), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, granulopoietic precursor cell stimulator), both mitigators, and control. Survival improved relative to control (30.0%) for G-CSF (80%, p-value = 0.025), G-CSF/JP4-039 (70%, p-value = 0.084), but not for JP4-039 (50.0%). In the second experiment, mice were administered mitigation drugs "inhibiting programmed cell death" pathways: JP4-039 (anti-apoptosis), necrostatin-1 (anti-necroptosis), and baicalein (anti-ferroptosis), in eight combinations. The survival of JP4-039/baicalein (60.0%, p-value = 0.010) and JP4-039/baicalein/necrostatin-1 (60.0%, p-value = 0.06) treatment combinations were significantly different from the control (26.7%). The JP4-039/necrostatin-1 (46.7%) and baicalein/necrostatin-1 (40.0%) and singlet treatment combinations (26.7%) were not significantly different from the control. Despite differences between the baseline microbiota compositions of the two experiments, consistent changes in composition after irradiation were found: Lactobacillus decreased post-irradiation, relative to baseline. By day 7, microbiota perturbations had incompletely reversed, and no drug-specific differences were identifiable. The CPH model identified Lactobacillus and members of Ruminococcaceae, including Ruminococcus, as protective and Akkermansia as deleterious. By day 30, the microbiota of surviving mice had not returned to baseline, but the differences between experiments suggest the resultant microbiota composition of the survivors are stochastic or batch specific in nature, rather than a requirement for survival. In conclusion, the study determined that key taxa identified in fecal samples, when applied towards the prediction of TBI survival, improves the survival model relative to treatment information alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Li
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriella Acosta Barreto
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Barbara A. Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Li H, Jiang M, Zhao SY, Zhang SQ, Lu L, He X, Feng GX, Wu X, Fan SJ. Exosomes are involved in total body irradiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1111-1123. [PMID: 33637947 PMCID: PMC8209125 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury is a catastrophic complication in patients receiving radiotherapy. Circulating exosomes from patients undergoing radiotherapy can mediate communication between cells and facilitate a variety of pathological processes in vivo, but its effects on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage are undetermined. In this study we investigated the roles of exosomes during total body irradiation (TBI)-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro. We isolated exosomes from serum of donor mice 24 h after lethal dose (9 Gy) TBI (Exo-IR-24h), then intravenously injected the exosomes into receipt mice, and found that Exo-IR-24h injection not only exacerbated 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and weight loss, but also promoted crypt-villus structural and functional injury of the small intestine in receipt mice. Moreover, Exo-IR-24h injection significantly enhanced the apoptosis and DNA damage of small intestine in receipt mice following TBI exposure. In murine intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells, treatment with Exo-IR-24h significantly promoted 4 Gy ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis, resulting in decreased cell vitality. We further demonstrated that Exo-IR-24h promoted the IR-induced injury in receipt mice partially through its DNA damage-promoting effects and attenuating Nrf2 antioxidant response in irradiated MODE-K cells. In addition, TBI-related miRNAs and their targets in the exosomes of mice were enriched functionally using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, injection of GW4869 (an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis and release, 1.25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip, for 5 consecutive days starting 3 days before radiation exposure) was able to rescue mice against 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and intestinal damage. Collectively, this study reveals that exosomes are involved in TBI-induced intestinal injury in mice and provides a new target to protect patients against irradiation-induced intestinal injury during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Ya Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Guo-Xing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Chen H. New insights in intestinal oxidative stress damage and the health intervention effects of nutrients: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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