1
|
Lin L, Liu Y, Qiu S, Yang Y, Yang Y, Tian M, Wang S, Zhang J, Bai X, Xu Z. Orbital frontal cortex functional connectivity during gain anticipation linking the rumination and non-suicidal self-injury in late adolescence. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:673-680. [PMID: 38228278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and especially among the adolescence population. It has been argued that abnormal brain activations in reward processing could be regarded as objective biomarkers in NSSI, but the evidence is mixed. This study aims to explore the reward processing mechanism of NSSI from the perspective of functional brain circuitry and investigate the role of a cognitive factor (rumination). METHOD Seventy-one 17-21 years old participants performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to test the inner-group differences of brain functional connectivity. In addition, a mediation model was established with the mediation effect of rumination on the relationship between functional brain circuitry and NSSI. RESULTS PPI analysis suggested that functional connectivity of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (with precuneus, SMA) was significantly enhanced in NSSI in the gain > loss contrast, but not in the loss > gain contrast. Mediation analysis revealed that rumination mediated the relationship between NSSI and the OFC- precuneus functional connectivity in the gain > loss contrast. CONCLUSION Our research revealed that the abnormal OFC functional connectivity in gain (not loss) anticipation can be served as the sensitive biomarkers of NSSI. And there was a chain path for NSSI, that was from functional brain circuitry to negative cognition and then to problem behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health under Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaojie Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health under Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingyangjia Tian
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health under Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; Buffalo State Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Buffalo 10001, USA
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health under Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhansheng Xu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of National Mental Health under Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho TH, Nah Y, Park SH, Han S. Prefrontal cortical activation in Internet Gaming Disorder Scale high scorers during actual real-time internet gaming: A preliminary study using fNIRS. J Behav Addict 2022. [PMID: 35394923 PMCID: PMC9295239 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observation of real-time neural characteristics during gameplay would provide distinct evidence for discriminating the currently controversial diagnosis of internet gaming disorder (IGD), and elucidate neural mechanisms that may be involved in addiction. We aimed to provide preliminary findings on possible neural features of IGD during real-time internet gaming using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Prefrontal cortical activations accompanying positive and negative in-game events were investigated. Positive events: (1) participant's champion slays or assists in slaying an opponent without being slain. (2) the opposing team's nexus is destroyed. Negative events: (1) participant's champion is slain without slaying or assisting in slaying any opponent. (2) the team's nexus is destroyed. Collected data were compared between the IGD group and control group, each with 15 participants. Results The IGD group scored significantly higher than the CTRL group on the craving scale. Following positive events, the IGD group displayed significantly stronger activation in the DLPFC. Following negative events, the IGD group displayed significantly weaker activation in the lateral OFC. Discussion and Conclusions Individuals scoring high on the IGD scale may crave for more internet gaming after encountering desired events during the game. Such observations are supported by the correlation between the craving scale and DLPFC activation. The IGD group may also show diminished punishment sensitivity to negative in-game experiences rendering them to continue playing the game. The present study provides preliminary evidence that IGD may demonstrate neural characteristics observed in other addictive disorders and suggests the use of fNIRS in behavioral addiction studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Cho
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Nah
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou TY, Cai WP. What emotion dimensions can affect working memory performance in healthy adults? A review. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:401-411. [PMID: 35097065 PMCID: PMC8771390 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the critical roles of emotion and working memory in our daily activities, a great deal of attention has been given to how emotion influences working memory performance. Although the association between emotion and working memory is relatively well established, whether mood enhances or impairs working memory performance remains controversial. The present review provides a relatively representative overview of the research on the effect of different dimensions of emotion on working memory among healthy adults spanning a 30-year period. The findings show that the valence, arousal and motivational dimensions of emotion could all exert an impact on working memory performance. The impact of emotion on working memory might be modulated by task relevance, emotion type, working memory paradigms and individual differences. The vast majority of the studies regarding the effect of emotion on working memory performance focused on the impact of negatively valenced affect and yielded highly contradictory findings. The impacts of arousal and motivation on working memory have been less explored, and inconsistent findings have also been reported. Possible explanations are discussed. Considerable research on the effect of certain dimensions of emotion on working memory has suffered from a lack of control of other emotional dimensions, and different aspects of working memory have been investigated by various paradigms. Directions for further studies should include the exploration of specific dimensions of emotion on different aspects of working memory, with the other dimensions being well controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ya Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Peng Cai
- Faculty of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu P, Lu X, Chen Y, Ye H, Zeng L, Guo W. Modulating OFC Activity With tDCS Alters Regret About Human Decision-Making. Front Psychol 2021; 12:706962. [PMID: 34566785 PMCID: PMC8456022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regret is a common emotion in daily life. Humans always regret their decision-making choices if the chosen outcome is bad. Neuroscientific studies suggest that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) influences feelings of regret. We used a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device to study the role of regret in participants' decision-making by modulating the activity of the OFC. The two-wheel-of-fortune gamble task was used in our experimental design, and we asked the participants to rate their feelings of regret after the computer presented the obtained and unobtained outcomes. The experimental results revealed that the effect of stimulation type was significant, which indicated that the influence of the OFC in regret was modulated by tDCS. Furthermore, based on post hoc analyses (Bonferroni), regret was lower in those who received left anodal/right cathodal stimulation than in those who received sham stimulation, which revealed that modulating the activity of the OFC reduced the emotional intensity of regret. In addition, an inverted U-shaped curve characterized the mean ratings of regret over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Lu
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuyou Chen
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Ye
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zeng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Guo
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making (CEBD), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
José RG, Samuel AS, Isabel MM. Neuropsychology of executive functions in patients with focal lesion in the prefrontal cortex: A systematic review. Brain Cogn 2020; 146:105633. [PMID: 33221658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions are conceptualized as a set of cognitive processes that coordinate more basic processes for the resolution of complex behaviors. This neuronal substrate is believed to reside in the most anterior part of the brain. A systematic review of the high-impact literature was carried out to investigate what were the main deficits in executive functions after brain injury. It was found that the literature is fundamentally oriented towards the investigation of the ventromedial cortex and its deficits in decision-making and moral reasoning. Research on the dorsolateral cortex and more cognitive functions such as working memory is relegated to a second choice. This review proposes that a correct functioning of the ventromedial cortex is necessary in order to integrate emotional, cognitive and sensory information for an adequate choice in decision making and moral reasoning. It has also been found that the main deficits of working memory in the dorsolateral cortex are more associated with complex and visuospatial tasks. However, an increase in research synthesizing this type of study is necessary to reach more definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiz-Gutiérrez José
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Arias-Sánchez Samuel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Martín-Monzón Isabel
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yüvrük E, Kapucu A, Amado S. The effects of emotion on working memory: Valence versus motivation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 202:102983. [PMID: 31864214 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether the effects of emotional state on working memory (WM) are valence-based or motivation-based since the type of emotions used in previous research differed on both dimensions of emotion. Especially, effects of anger, which is a negative but approach-related emotional state, were mostly overlooked. To distinguish between valence vs. motivation accounts, two experiments were conducted in which participants were induced one of four emotional states to create approach-positive (happiness), avoidance-negative (fear), approach-negative (anger), and control (neutral) conditions, followed by Self-ordered Pointing Task (Experiment 1) or N-Back task (Experiment 2) as WM measures. The main effect of emotion on WM accuracy was not significant in neither experiment. In the second experiment, however, reaction times (RTs) in the avoidance-related emotion condition were significantly faster compared to those in approach-related conditions, without compromising accuracy. Together the two experiments suggest that the motivational dimension of emotional state is more effective on WM than the valence dimension, especially on the RTs, indicating working memory updating efficiency.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu LQ, Kan IP, Kable JW. Beyond a rod through the skull: A systematic review of lesion studies of the human ventromedial frontal lobe. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 37:97-141. [PMID: 31739752 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1690981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies from the past century have associated damage to the ventromedial frontal lobes (VMF) with impairments in a variety of domains, including memory, executive function, emotion, social cognition, and valuation. A central question in the literature is whether these seemingly distinct functions are subserved by different sub-regions within the VMF, or whether VMF supports a broader cognitive process that is crucial to these varied domains. In this comprehensive review of the neuropsychological literature from the last two decades, we present a qualitative synthesis of 184 papers that have examined the psychological impairments that result from VMF damage. We discuss these findings in the context of several theoretical frameworks and advocate for the view that VMF is critical for the formation and representation of schema and cognitive maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Q Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Irene P Kan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pascoe L, Thompson D, Spencer-Smith M, Beare R, Adamson C, Lee KJ, Kelly C, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Nosarti C, Josev E, Roberts G, Doyle LW, Seal ML, Anderson PJ. Efficiency of structural connectivity networks relates to intrinsic motivation in children born extremely preterm. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:995-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
9
|
Burks JD, Conner AK, Bonney PA, Glenn CA, Baker CM, Boettcher LB, Briggs RG, O’Donoghue DL, Wu DH, Sughrue ME. Anatomy and white matter connections of the orbitofrontal gyrus. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:1865-1872. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is understood to have a role in outcome evaluation and risk assessment and is commonly involved with infiltrative tumors. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white matter tracts could significantly improve postoperative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through diffusion tensor imaging–based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, the authors have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures.METHODSDiffusion imaging from the Human Connectome Project for 10 healthy adult controls was used for tractography analysis. The OFC was evaluated as a whole based on connectivity with other regions. All OFC tracts were mapped in both hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated with resultant tract volumes. Ten postmortem dissections were then performed using a modified Klingler technique to demonstrate the location of major tracts.RESULTSThe authors identified 3 major connections of the OFC: a bundle to the thalamus and anterior cingulate gyrus, passing inferior to the caudate and medial to the vertical fibers of the thalamic projections; a bundle to the brainstem, traveling lateral to the caudate and medial to the internal capsule; and radiations to the parietal and occipital lobes traveling with the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.CONCLUSIONSThe OFC is an important center for processing visual, spatial, and emotional information. Subtle differences in executive functioning following surgery for frontal lobe tumors may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dee H. Wu
- 3Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baeken C, Duprat R, Wu GR, De Raedt R, van Heeringen K. Subgenual Anterior Cingulate-Medial Orbitofrontal Functional Connectivity in Medication-Resistant Major Depression: A Neurobiological Marker for Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Treatment? BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:556-565. [PMID: 29560909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms have been shown to result in fast decreases in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Although the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) region has been put forward as a possible biological marker, so far, no studies evaluated the clinical effects of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) on sgACC functional connectivity (FC). METHODS Fifty patients with treatment-resistant depression were enrolled in this registered randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover aiTBS treatment study. All received 20 iTBS sessions applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (5 daily sessions spread over 4 days). Forty-four complete resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected. Baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were compared with a matched healthy control group. Besides depression severity, all patients were also assessed with the Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. RESULTS Our main resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging findings indicate that a positive sgACC FC correlation with the medial orbitofrontal cortex could distinguish aiTBS responders from nonresponders at baseline. Beneficial aiTBS treatment strengthened sgACC-medial orbitofrontal cortex FC patterns. Moreover, this increased FC pattern was associated with a decrease in feelings of hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS Clinical response to aiTBS treatment is not only characterized by stronger FC patterns between the sgACC and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, but it is also associated with decreases in hopelessness. Our observations provide a possible neurobiological explanation why accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms may result in prompt attenuation of negative thinking in depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Romain Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Ghent; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Kees van Heeringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ohtani T, Nestor PG, Bouix S, Newell D, Melonakos ED, McCarley RW, Shenton ME, Kubicki M. Exploring the neural substrates of attentional control and human intelligence: Diffusion tensor imaging of prefrontal white matter tractography in healthy cognition. Neuroscience 2017; 341:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Gui DY, Li JZ, Li X, Luo YJ. Temporal Dynamics of the Interaction between Reward and Time Delay during Intertemporal Choice. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1526. [PMID: 27785126 PMCID: PMC5060948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertemporal choice involves the processes of valuation and choice. Choice is often the result of subjective valuation, in which reward is integrated with time delay. Here, using event-related potential (ERP) signals as temporal hallmarks, we aim to investigate temporal dynamics of how reward interacts with time delay during a delayed discounting task. We found that participants preferred immediate rewards when delayed rewards were small or over long-term delays. Our ERP results suggested that the P200 component reflected an initial valuation of reward and time delay, while the frontal N2 component correlated with individual choices of immediate option of rewards. The LPP component was modulated by the N2 component. These findings demonstrate that the N2 component is the key component in temporal dynamics of the interaction between reward and time valuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Gui
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen China
| | - Jin-Zhen Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, ShenzhenChina; Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, NingboChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chung YS, Barch DM. Frontal-striatum dysfunction during reward processing: Relationships to amotivation in schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:453-469. [PMID: 26845257 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits of context processing, thought to be related to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) impairment. Despite emerging evidence suggesting a crucial role of the DLPFC in integrating reward and goal information, we do not know whether individuals with schizophrenia can represent and integrate reward-related context information to modulate cognitive control. To address this question, 36 individuals with schizophrenia (n = 29) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 7) and 27 healthy controls performed a variant of a response conflict task (Padmala & Pessoa, 2011) during fMRI scanning, in both baseline and reward conditions, with monetary incentives on some reward trials. We used a mixed state-item design that allowed us to examine both sustained and transient reward effects on cognitive control. Different from predictions about impaired DLPFC function in schizophrenia, we found an intact pattern of increased sustained DLPFC activity during reward versus baseline blocks in individuals with schizophrenia at a group level but blunted sustained activations in the putamen. Contrary to our predictions, individuals with schizophrenia showed blunted cue-related activations in several regions of the basal ganglia responding to reward-predicting cues. Importantly, as predicted, individual differences in anhedonia/amotivation symptoms severity were significantly associated with reduced sustained DLPFC activation in the same region that showed overall increased activity as a function of reward. These results suggest that individual differences in motivational impairments in schizophrenia may be related to dysfunction of the DLPFC and striatum in motivationally salient situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Chung
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim GH, Jeon S, Im K, Kwon H, Lee BH, Kim GY, Jeong H, Han NE, Seo SW, Cho H, Noh Y, Park SE, Kim H, Hwang JW, Yoon CW, Kim HJ, Ye BS, Chin JH, Kim JH, Suh MK, Lee JM, Kim ST, Choi MT, Kim MS, Heilman KM, Jeong JH, Na DL. Structural brain changes after traditional and robot-assisted multi-domain cognitive training in community-dwelling healthy elderly. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123251. [PMID: 25898367 PMCID: PMC4405358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if multi-domain cognitive training, especially robot-assisted training, alters cortical thickness in the brains of elderly participants. A controlled trial was conducted with 85 volunteers without cognitive impairment who were 60 years old or older. Participants were first randomized into two groups. One group consisted of 48 participants who would receive cognitive training and 37 who would not receive training. The cognitive training group was randomly divided into two groups, 24 who received traditional cognitive training and 24 who received robot-assisted cognitive training. The training for both groups consisted of daily 90-min-session, five days a week for a total of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the changes in cortical thickness. When compared to the control group, both groups who underwent cognitive training demonstrated attenuation of age related cortical thinning in the frontotemporal association cortices. When the robot and the traditional interventions were directly compared, the robot group showed less cortical thinning in the anterior cingulate cortices. Our results suggest that cognitive training can mitigate age-associated structural brain changes in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiho Im
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachustetts, United States of America
| | - Hunki Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noh Eul Han
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Eon Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
| | - Hojeong Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
| | - Cindy W Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Chin
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachustetts, United States of America
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Suh
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Taek Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun Sang Kim
- Center for Intelligent Robotics at Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Medial frontal white and gray matter contributions to general intelligence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112691. [PMID: 25551572 PMCID: PMC4281236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) are part of a wider neural network that plays an important role in general intelligence and executive function. We used structural brain imaging to quantify magnetic resonance gray matter volume and diffusion tensor white matter integrity of the mOFC-rACC network in 26 healthy participants who also completed neuropsychological tests of intellectual abilities and executive function. Stochastic tractography, the most effective Diffusion Tensor Imaging method for examining white matter connections between adjacent gray matter regions, was employed to assess the integrity of mOFC-rACC pathways. Fractional anisotropy (FA), which reflects the integrity of white matter connections, was calculated. Results indicated that higher intelligence correlated with greater gray matter volumes for both mOFC and rACC, as well as with increased FA for left posterior mOFC-rACC connectivity. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that DTI-derived FA of left posterior mOFC-rACC uniquely accounted for 29%–34% of the variance in IQ, in comparison to 11%–16% uniquely explained by gray matter volume of the left rACC. Together, left rACC gray matter volume and white matter connectivity between left posterior mOFC and rACC accounted for up to 50% of the variance in general intelligence. This study is to our knowledge the first to examine white matter connectivity between OFC and ACC, two gray matter regions of interests that are very close in physical proximity, and underscores the important independent contributions of variations in rACC gray matter volume and mOFC-rACC white matter connectivity to individual differences in general intelligence.
Collapse
|
16
|
van Heeringen K, Bijttebier S, Desmyter S, Vervaet M, Baeken C. Is there a neuroanatomical basis of the vulnerability to suicidal behavior? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:824. [PMID: 25374525 PMCID: PMC4205829 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We conducted meta-analyses of functional and structural neuroimaging studies comparing adolescent and adult individuals with a history of suicidal behavior and a psychiatric disorder to psychiatric controls in order to objectify changes in brain structure and function in association with a vulnerability to suicidal behavior. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging studies published up to July 2013 investigating structural or functional brain correlates of suicidal behavior were identified through computerized and manual literature searches. Activation foci from 12 studies encompassing 475 individuals, i.e., 213 suicide attempters and 262 psychiatric controls were subjected to meta-analytical study using anatomic or activation likelihood estimation (ALE). Result: Activation likelihood estimation revealed structural deficits and functional changes in association with a history of suicidal behavior. Structural findings included reduced volumes of the rectal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and caudate nucleus. Functional differences between study groups included an increased reactivity of the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. Discussion: A history of suicidal behavior appears to be associated with (probably interrelated) structural deficits and functional overactivation in brain areas, which contribute to a decision-making network. The findings suggest that a vulnerability to suicidal behavior can be defined in terms of a reduced motivational control over the intentional behavioral reaction to salient negative stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kees van Heeringen
- Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bijttebier
- Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Desmyter
- Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Vervaet
- Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ohtani T, Bouix S, Hosokawa T, Saito Y, Eckbo R, Ballinger T, Rausch A, Melonakos E, Kubicki M. Abnormalities in white matter connections between orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and their associations with negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a DTI study. Schizophr Res 2014; 157:190-7. [PMID: 24962436 PMCID: PMC4679151 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) are brain regions that are important in the neural network involving emotional processing and decision making, as well as playing an important role in social behavior and interaction. Considering the schizophrenia dysconnectivity hypothesis, observed abnormalities in emotional response and social behavior in schizophrenia might be associated with connectivity abnormalities between mOFC and rACC. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with chronic schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls were examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). White matter properties in bilateral mOFC-rACC connections were examined using stochastic tractography, which has been shown to be among the most effective DTI methods for examining tracts between adjacent gray matter regions. RESULTS Reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) were observed in left anterior mOFC-rACC connections (p<0.0001), and bilateral posterior mOFC-rACC connections (left: p<0.0001; right: p<0.0001) in patients compared to controls. In addition, reduced FA in left posterior mOFC-rACC connections was associated with more severe anhedonia-asociality (R=-0.396, p=0.041) and avolition-apathy (R=-0.426, p=0.027) using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. DISCUSSION White matter abnormalities within connections between mOFC and rACC are associated with more severe anhedonia-asociality and avolition-apathy, which suggest that these brain regions may be important in understanding abnormal emotional responses and social behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA; Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taiga Hosokawa
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Yukiko Saito
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Eckbo
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Ballinger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Rausch
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Melonakos
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Bellis MD, Wang L, Bergman SR, Yaxley RH, Hooper SR, Huettel SA. Neural mechanisms of risky decision-making and reward response in adolescent onset cannabis use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:134-45. [PMID: 23773952 PMCID: PMC3786021 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural mechanisms of decision-making and reward response in adolescent cannabis use disorder (CUD) are underexplored. METHODS Three groups of male adolescents were studied: CUD in full remission (n=15); controls with psychopathology without substance use disorder history (n=23); and healthy controls (n=18). We investigated neural processing of decision-making and reward under conditions of varying risk and uncertainty with the Decision-Reward Uncertainty Task while participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Abstinent adolescents with CUD compared to controls with psychopathology showed hyperactivation in one cluster that spanned left superior parietal lobule/left lateral occipital cortex/precuneus while making risky decisions that involved uncertainty, and hypoactivation in left orbitofrontal cortex to rewarded outcomes compared to no-reward after making risky decisions. Post hoc region of interest analyses revealed that both control groups significantly differed from the CUD group (but not from each other) during both the decision-making and reward outcome phase of the Decision-Reward Uncertainty Task. In the CUD group, orbitofrontal activations to reward significantly and negatively correlated with total number of individual drug classes the CUD patients experimented with prior to treatment. CUD duration significantly and negatively correlated with orbitofrontal activations to no-reward. CONCLUSIONS The adolescent CUD group demonstrated distinctly different activation patterns during risky decision-making and reward processing (after risky decision-making) compared to both the controls with psychopathology and healthy control groups. These findings suggest that neural differences in risky decision-making and reward processes are present in adolescent addiction, persist after remission from first CUD treatment, and may contribute to vulnerability for adolescent addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Developmental Traumatology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Correspondence: should be addressed to Michael D. De Bellis MD, MPH, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Director Healthy Childhood Brain Development and Developmental Traumatology, Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Box 104360, Durham NC, 27710, USA, 919-683-1190 ext 351; fax 919-682-7805,
| | - Lihong Wang
- Brain Imaging Analysis Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sara R. Bergman
- Brain Imaging Analysis Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard H. Yaxley
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Developmental Traumatology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Developmental Traumatology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Scott A. Huettel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu J, Potenza MN, Calhoun VD. Spatial ICA reveals functional activity hidden from traditional fMRI GLM-based analyses. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:154. [PMID: 23986654 PMCID: PMC3753718 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu J, Zhang S, Calhoun VD, Monterosso J, Li CSR, Worhunsky PD, Stevens M, Pearlson GD, Potenza MN. Task-related concurrent but opposite modulations of overlapping functional networks as revealed by spatial ICA. Neuroimage 2013; 79:62-71. [PMID: 23611864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that different functional networks (FNs), each with a unique timecourse, may overlap at common brain regions. For understanding how different FNs overlap in the human brain and how the timecourses of overlapping FNs are modulated by cognitive tasks, we applied spatial independent component analysis (sICA) to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. These data were acquired from healthy participants while they performed a visual task with parametric loads of attention and working memory. sICA identified a total of 14 FNs, and they showed different extents of overlap at a majority of brain regions exhibiting any functional activity. More FNs overlapped at the higher-order association cortex including the anterior and posterior cingulate, precuneus, insula, and lateral and medial frontoparietal cortices (FPCs) than at the primary sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, overlapping FNs exhibited concurrent but different task-related modulations of timecourses. FNs showing task-related up- vs. down-modulation of timecourses overlapped at both the lateral and medial FPCs and subcortical structures including the thalamus, striatum, and midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA). Such task-related, concurrent, but opposite changes in timecourses in the same brain regions may not be detected by current analyses based on General-Linear-Model (GLM). The present findings indicate that multiple cognitive processes may associate with common brain regions and exhibit simultaneous but different modulations in timecourses during cognitive tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marchewka A, Jednorog K, Falkiewicz M, Szeszkowski W, Grabowska A, Szatkowska I. Sex, lies and fMRI--gender differences in neural basis of deception. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43076. [PMID: 22952631 PMCID: PMC3430664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deception has always been a part of human communication as it helps to promote self-presentation. Although both men and women are equally prone to try to manage their appearance, their strategies, motivation and eagerness may be different. Here, we asked if lying could be influenced by gender on both the behavioral and neural levels. To test whether the hypothesized gender differences in brain activity related to deceptive responses were caused by differential socialization in men and women, we administered the Gender Identity Inventory probing the participants’ subjective social sex role. In an fMRI session, participants were instructed either to lie or to tell the truth while answering a questionnaire focusing on general and personal information. Only for personal information, we found differences in neural responses during instructed deception in men and women. The women vs. men direct contrast revealed no significant differences in areas of activation, but men showed higher BOLD signal compared to women in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, this effect remained unchanged when self-reported psychological gender was controlled for. Thus, our study showed that gender differences in the neural processes engaged during falsifying personal information might be independent from socialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Marchewka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednorog
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcel Falkiewicz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Grabowska
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sinclair D, Webster MJ, Fullerton JM, Weickert CS. Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein isoform alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:84. [PMID: 22812453 PMCID: PMC3496870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may play a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, in which hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities are observed and stress has been implicated. A critical component of the HPA axis which mediates cellular stress responses in the OFC, and has been implicated in psychiatric illness, is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). METHODS In the lateral OFC, we employed quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting to investigate GR mRNA and protein expression in 34 bipolar disorder cases, 35 schizophrenia cases and 35 controls. Genotype data for eleven GR gene (NR3C1) polymorphisms was also used to explore possible effects of NR3C1 sequence variation on GR mRNA and protein expression in the lateral OFC. RESULTS We found no diagnostic differences in pan GR, GR-1C or GR-1F mRNA expression. However, the GR-1B mRNA transcript variant was decreased (14.3%) in bipolar disorder cases relative to controls (p < 0.05), while GR-1H mRNA was decreased (22.0%) in schizophrenia cases relative to controls (p < 0.005). By western blotting, there were significant increases in abundance of a truncated GRα isoform, putative GRα-D1, in bipolar disorder (56.1%, p < 0.005) and schizophrenia (31.5% p < 0.05). Using genotype data for eleven NR3C1 polymorphisms, we found no evidence of effects of NR3C1 genotype on GR mRNA or GRα protein expression in the OFC. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal selective abnormalities of GR mRNA expression in the lateral OFC in psychiatric illness, which are more specific and may be less influenced by NR3C1 genotype than those of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reported previously. Our results suggest that the GRα-D1 protein isoform may be up-regulated widely across the frontal cortex in psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Sinclair
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia.
| | - Maree J Webster
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2011, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia,School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|