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Sullivan KE, Kraus L, Kapustina M, Wang L, Stach TR, Lemire AL, Clements J, Cembrowski MS. Sharp cell-type-identity changes differentiate the retrosplenial cortex from the neocortex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112206. [PMID: 36881508 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The laminae of the neocortex are fundamental processing layers of the mammalian brain. Notably, such laminae are believed to be relatively stereotyped across short spatial scales such that shared laminae between nearby brain regions exhibit similar constituent cells. Here, we consider a potential exception to this rule by studying the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region known for sharp cytoarchitectonic differences across its granular-dysgranular border. Using a variety of transcriptomics techniques, we identify, spatially map, and interpret the excitatory cell-type landscape of the mouse RSC. In doing so, we uncover that RSC gene expression and cell types change sharply at the granular-dysgranular border. Additionally, supposedly homologous laminae between the RSC and the neocortex are effectively wholly distinct in their cell-type composition. In collection, the RSC exhibits a variety of intrinsic cell-type specializations and embodies an organizational principle wherein cell-type identities can vary sharply within and between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Sullivan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Larissa Kraus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margarita Kapustina
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lihua Wang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tara R Stach
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jody Clements
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark S Cembrowski
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Dr, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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Shibata H, Kigata T. Comparison of the retrosplenial cortex size between the degu (Octodon degus) and the Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:36-42. [PMID: 35569088 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The degu (Octodon degus) is a rodent that normally constructs burrows for nesting and rearing. To navigate inside these burrows, degus may use idiothetic and/or sensory cues more than visual information, which is less effective in burrows. Spatial information for navigation is processed in several key brain regions including the retrosplenial cortex (RS). However, the structural characteristics of the degu RS have not been previously reported. The present study measured the sizes of the RS and constituent areas 29 and 30 in the degu, and compared these to those found in the rat, which is a terrestrial rodent. The proportion of the rostrocaudal length of the entire RS relative to that of the entire cortex was significantly larger in degus versus rats. The proportion of the rostrocaudal length of the RS at levels rostral to the splenium of the corpus callosum relative to that of the entire cortex was also significantly larger in degus versus rats. Furthermore, the ratio of the estimated volume of area 29 relative to that of area 30 was significantly larger in degus versus rats. These results show that the degu has a rostrocaudally longer rostral RS with a larger area 29 compared to the rat, which suggests that these structural features may be relevant to differences in spatial information processing between the fossorial degu and terrestrial rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhito Kigata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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de Olmos S, Lorenzo A. Developing the theory of the extended amygdala with the use of the cupric-silver technique. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 32:19-38. [PMID: 36476105 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2022.2133569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The amygdaloid complex is a crucial component of the basal forebrain that participates in the modulation of many homeostatic functions, emotional behaviors, and learning. These features require a widespread pattern of connections with several brain structures. In the past, the amygdaloid complex was divided into corticomedial and basolateral groups. The existence of a neuronal continuum linking the central amygdaloid nucleus to the lateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis through the subpallidal area was first revealed by José de Olmos (1932-2008) with the aid of his cupric-silver technique. This observation gave birth to the concept of the extended amygdala, a conceptual framework that is useful for understanding the anatomofunctional organization of the amygdaloid complex, with relevance for basic neuroscience and clinical interventions. Traditional tract-tracing staining methods were complicated and tedious to reproduce. Axonal terminal endings were lost among a myriad of normal fibers. The need to visualize these terminals drove de Olmos to develop cupric-silver methods that revealed disintegrating synaptic terminals, without staining normal fibers. In this article, we describe the historical events leading to the development of the cupric-silver technique that evolved into the amino-cupric-silver technique, which developed hand-in-hand over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad de Olmos
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Trask S, Ferrara NC, Jasnow AM, Kwapis JL. Contributions of the rodent cingulate-retrosplenial cortical axis to associative learning and memory: A proposed circuit for persistent memory maintenance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:178-184. [PMID: 34450181 PMCID: PMC8511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While the anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices have been extensively studied for their role in spatial navigation, less is known about how they contribute to associative learning and later memory recall. The limited work that has been conducted on this topic suggests that each of these cortical regions makes distinct, but similar contributions to associative learning and memory. Here, we review evidence from the rodent literature demonstrating that while ACC activity seems to be necessary at remote time points associated with imprecise or generalized memories, the role of the RSC seems to be uniform over time. Together, the lines of evidence reviewed here suggest that the ACC and RSC likely function together to support memory formation and maintenance following associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, United States
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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Aggleton JP, Yanakieva S, Sengpiel F, Nelson AJ. The separate and combined properties of the granular (area 29) and dysgranular (area 30) retrosplenial cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107516. [PMID: 34481970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retrosplenial cortex contains two principal subdivisions, area 29 (granular) and area 30 (dysgranular). Their respective anatomical connections in the rat brain reveal that area 29 is the primary recipient of hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial and contextual information while area 30 is the primary interactor with current visual information. Lesion studies and measures of neuronal activity in rodents indicate that retrosplenial cortex helps to integrate space from different perspectives, e.g., egocentric and allocentric, providing landmark and heading cues for navigation and spatial learning. It provides a repository of scene information that, over time, becomes increasingly independent of the hippocampus. These processes, reflect the interactive actions between areas 29 and 30, along with their convergent influences on cortical and thalamic targets. Consequently, despite their differences, both areas 29 and 30 are necessary for an array of spatial and learning problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Steliana Yanakieva
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Andrew J Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
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Brennan EKW, Jedrasiak-Cape I, Kailasa S, Rice SP, Sudhakar SK, Ahmed OJ. Thalamus and claustrum control parallel layer 1 circuits in retrosplenial cortex. eLife 2021; 10:e62207. [PMID: 34170817 PMCID: PMC8233040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The granular retrosplenial cortex (RSG) is critical for both spatial and non-spatial behaviors, but the underlying neural codes remain poorly understood. Here, we use optogenetic circuit mapping in mice to reveal a double dissociation that allows parallel circuits in superficial RSG to process disparate inputs. The anterior thalamus and dorsal subiculum, sources of spatial information, strongly and selectively recruit small low-rheobase (LR) pyramidal cells in RSG. In contrast, neighboring regular-spiking (RS) cells are preferentially controlled by claustral and anterior cingulate inputs, sources of mostly non-spatial information. Precise sublaminar axonal and dendritic arborization within RSG layer 1, in particular, permits this parallel processing. Observed thalamocortical synaptic dynamics enable computational models of LR neurons to compute the speed of head rotation, despite receiving head direction inputs that do not explicitly encode speed. Thus, parallel input streams identify a distinct principal neuronal subtype ideally positioned to support spatial orientation computations in the RSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen KW Brennan
- Department of Psychology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Sameer Kailasa
- Department of Mathematics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Sharena P Rice
- Department of Psychology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Omar J Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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